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Lakhanpal V, Peer S, Sharma B. Oro-facial-digital syndrome type 1 and neuronal migration disorders. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e260264. [PMID: 38839402 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-260264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Lakhanpal
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Sameer Peer
- Department of Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Bhawna Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
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2
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Zakaria RBM, Malta M, Pelletier F, Addour-Boudrahem N, Pinchefsky E, Martin CS, Srour M. Classic "PCH" Genes are a Rare Cause of Radiologic Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:418-430. [PMID: 36971923 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-023-01544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The term Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia (PCH) was initially used to designate a heterogeneous group of fetal-onset genetic neurodegenerative disorders. As a descriptive term, PCH refers to pons and cerebellum of reduced volume. In addition to the classic PCH types described in OMIM, many other disorders can result in a similar imaging appearance. This study aims to review imaging, clinical and genetic features and underlying etiologies of a cohort of children with PCH on imaging. We systematically reviewed brain images and clinical charts of 38 patients with radiologic evidence of PCH. Our cohort included 21 males and 17 females, with ages ranging between 8 days to 15 years. All individuals had pons and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and 63% had cerebellar hemisphere hypoplasia. Supratentorial anomalies were found in 71%. An underlying etiology was identified in 68% and included chromosomal (21%), monogenic (34%) and acquired (13%) causes. Only one patient had pathogenic variants in an OMIM listed PCH gene. Outcomes were poor regardless of etiology, though no one had regression. Approximately one third of patients deceased at a median age of 8 months. All individuals had global developmental delay, 50% were non-verbal, 64% were non-ambulatory and 45% required gastrostomy feeding. This cohort demonstrates that radiologic PCH has heterogenous etiologies and the "classic" OMIM-listed PCH genes underlie only a minority of cases. Broad genetic testing, including chromosomal microarray and exome or multigene panels, is recommended in individuals with PCH-like imaging appearance. Our results strongly suggest that the term PCH should be used to designate radiologic findings, and not to imply neurogenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maisa Malta
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felixe Pelletier
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Elana Pinchefsky
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Myriam Srour
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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3
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Hannes L, Atzori M, Goldenberg A, Argente J, Attie-Bitach T, Amiel J, Attanasio C, Braslavsky DG, Bruel AL, Castanet M, Dubourg C, Jacobs A, Lyonnet S, Martinez-Mayer J, Pérez Millán MI, Pezzella N, Pelgrims E, Aerden M, Bauters M, Rochtus A, Scaglia P, Swillen A, Sifrim A, Tammaro R, Mau-Them FT, Odent S, Thauvin-Robinet C, Franco B, Breckpot J. Differential alternative splicing analysis links variation in ZRSR2 to a novel type of oral-facial-digital syndrome. Genet Med 2024; 26:101059. [PMID: 38158857 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oral-facial-digital (OFD) syndromes are genetically heterogeneous developmental disorders, caused by pathogenic variants in genes involved in primary cilia formation and function. We identified a previously undescribed type of OFD with brain anomalies, ranging from alobar holoprosencephaly to pituitary anomalies, in 6 unrelated families. METHODS Exome sequencing of affected probands was supplemented with alternative splicing analysis in patient and control lymphoblastoid and fibroblast cell lines, and primary cilia structure analysis in patient fibroblasts. RESULTS In 1 family with 2 affected males, we identified a germline variant in the last exon of ZRSR2, NM_005089.4:c.1211_1212del NP_005080.1:p.(Gly404GlufsTer23), whereas 7 affected males from 5 unrelated families were hemizygous for the ZRSR2 variant NM_005089.4:c.1207_1208del NP_005080.1:p.(Arg403GlyfsTer24), either occurring de novo or inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. ZRSR2, located on chromosome Xp22.2, encodes a splicing factor of the minor spliceosome complex, which recognizes minor introns, representing 0.35% of human introns. Patient samples showed significant enrichment of minor intron retention. Among differentially spliced targets are ciliopathy-related genes, such as TMEM107 and CIBAR1. Primary fibroblasts containing the NM_005089.4:c.1207_1208del ZRSR2 variant had abnormally elongated cilia, confirming an association between defective U12-type intron splicing, OFD and abnormal primary cilia formation. CONCLUSION We introduce a novel type of OFD associated with elongated cilia and differential splicing of minor intron-containing genes due to germline variation in ZRSR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Hannes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marta Atzori
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alice Goldenberg
- Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs, CHU Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBEROBN de fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Attie-Bitach
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IHU Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques, Paris, France; Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IHU Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques, Paris, France; Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | | | - Débora G Braslavsky
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ange-Line Bruel
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France; UF Innovation diagnostique des maladies rares, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Mireille Castanet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, CHU Rouen, Department of Pediatrics, Rouen, France
| | - Christèle Dubourg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR, UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France
| | - An Jacobs
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IHU Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques, Paris, France; Service de médecine génomique des maladies rares, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Julian Martinez-Mayer
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (IB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Inés Pérez Millán
- Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (IB3), Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nunziana Pezzella
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine-TIGEM, Naples, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale, School for Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine program, Naples, Italy
| | - Elise Pelgrims
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mio Aerden
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Bauters
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne Rochtus
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paula Scaglia
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE) CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez. Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Roberta Tammaro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine-TIGEM, Naples, Italy
| | - Frederic Tran Mau-Them
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France; UF Innovation diagnostique des maladies rares, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Unité Fonctionnelle Innovation en Diagnostic Génomique des maladies rares, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvie Odent
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, INSERM, IGDR, UMR 6290, ERL U1305, Rennes, France; Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'interrégion Ouest, ERN ITHACA, FHU GenOmedS, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- INSERM, U1231, Génétique des Anomalies du Développement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR Lipides, Nutrition, Dijon, France; UF Innovation diagnostique des maladies rares, FHU TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France; Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement de l'Est, Centre de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine-TIGEM, Naples, Italy; Scuola Superiore Meridionale, School for Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine program, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Genetics Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Edey J, Soleimani-Nouri P, Dawson-Kavanagh A, Imran Azeem MS, Episkopou V. X-linked neuronal migration disorders: Gender differences and insights for genetic screening. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023; 83:581-599. [PMID: 37574439 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical development depends on neuronal migration of both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. Neuronal migration disorders (NMDs) are conditions characterised by anatomical cortical defects leading to varying degrees of neurocognitive impairment, developmental delay and seizures. Refractory epilepsy affects 15 million people worldwide, and it is thought that cortical developmental disorders are responsible for 25% of childhood cases. However, little is known about the epidemiology of these disorders, nor are their aetiologies fully understood, though many are associated with sporadic genetic mutations. In this review, we aim to highlight X-linked NMDs including lissencephaly, periventricular nodular heterotopia and polymicrogyria because of their mostly familial inheritance pattern. We focus on the most prominent genes responsible: including DCX, ARX, FLNA, FMR1, L1CAM, SRPX2, DDX3X, NSHDL, CUL4B and OFD1, outlining what is known about their prevalence among NMDs, and the underlying pathophysiology. X-linked disorders are important to recognise clinically, as females often have milder phenotypes. Consequently, there is a greater chance they survive to reproductive age and risk passing the mutations down. Effective genetic screening is important to prevent and treat these conditions, and for this, we need to know gene mutations and have a clear understanding of the function of the genes involved. This review summarises the knowledge base and provides clear direction for future work by both scientists and clinicians alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Edey
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Payam Soleimani-Nouri
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | | | | | - Vasso Episkopou
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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5
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Green TE, Fujita A, Ghaderi N, Heinzen EL, Matsumoto N, Klein KM, Berkovic SF, Hildebrand MS. Brain mosaicism of hedgehog signalling and other cilia genes in hypothalamic hamartoma. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106261. [PMID: 37579995 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a rare benign developmental brain lesion commonly associated with a well characterized epilepsy phenotype. Most individuals with HH are non-syndromic without additional developmental anomalies nor a family history of disease. Nonetheless, HH is a feature of Pallister-Hall (PHS) and Oro-Facial-Digital Type VI (OFD VI) syndromes, both characterized by additional developmental anomalies. Initial genetic of analysis HH began with syndromic HH, where germline inherited or de novo variants in GLI3, encoding a central transcription factor in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling pathway, were identified in most individuals with PHS. Following these discoveries in syndromic HH, the hypothesis that post-zygotic mosaicism in related genes may underly non-syndromic HH was tested. We discuss the identified mosaic variants within individuals with non-syndromic HH, review the analytical methodologies and diagnostic yields, and explore understanding of the functional role of the implicated genes with respect to Shh signalling, and cilia development and function. We also outline future challenges in studying non-syndromic HH and suggest potential novel strategies to interrogate brain mosaicism in HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Green
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Navid Ghaderi
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Genetics and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute & Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Erin L Heinzen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Karl Martin Klein
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Genetics and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute & Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada; Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main and Department of Neurology, Goethe University and University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Samuel F Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Wang J, Zhou P, Zhu L, Guan H, Gou J, Liu X. Maternal protein deficiency alters primary cilia length in renal tubular and impairs kidney development in fetal rat. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1156029. [PMID: 37485393 PMCID: PMC10358357 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1156029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intrauterine malnutrition impairs embryo kidney development and leads to kidney disease and hypertension in adulthood, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Methods With a maternal protein restriction (MPR) rat model, we investigated the critical ciliogenesis factors and β-catenin pathway in FGR fetal kidneys and analyzed the impact of aberrant primary cilia on renal tubular epithelium. Results The data showed decreased nephron number and renal tubular dysgenesis in FGR fetus. FGR fetus showed deregulated expression of ciliogenesis factors including upregulation of IFT88 and downregulation of DYNLT1, accompanied with cilia elongation in renal tubular epithelial cells. Wnt7b, the key ligand for Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was downregulated and nuclear translocation of β-catenin was decreased. The proapoptotic protein was upregulated. In vitro study with HK-2 cells showed that overexpression of IFT88 lengthened the cilia, inhibited β-catenin signaling. Besides, IFT88 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, activated autophagy, and induced cell apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagy partly restored the cilia length and cell viability. Likewise, knockdown of DYNLT1 led to cilia elongation, suppressed cell proliferation, and promoted apoptosis in HK-2 cell. However, the cilia elongation induced by DYNLT1 knockdown was not autophagy-dependent, but associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Discussion We elucidated that intrauterine protein malnutrition led to deregulation of ciliogenesis factors and cilia elongation in renal tubular epithelial, inhibited β-catenin signaling, and induced cell apoptosis and ultimately, compromised kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongbo Guan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Gou
- Department of Nutrition, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Schultz C, Chiesa J, Philippe Khau VK, Marie-Pierre A, Moranne O. Polycystic kidney disease associated with intracranial hypertension revealing a mutation of the OFD1 gene. J Nephrol 2023; 36:643-645. [PMID: 36571587 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01481-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Schultz
- Service de Néphrologie Dialyse Aphérèse, Nîmes Hôpital Universitaire, Nîmes, France
| | - Jean Chiesa
- Département de Cytogénétique et Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | - Van Kien Philippe Khau
- Département de Cytogénétique et Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Carémeau, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes University Hospital, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Olivier Moranne
- Service de Néphrologie Dialyse Aphérèse, Nîmes Hôpital Universitaire, Nîmes, France.
- IDESP, UMR-INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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8
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Papuc SM, Erbescu A, Glangher A, Streata I, Riza AL, Budisteanu M, Arghir A. Autistic Behavior as Novel Clinical Finding in OFD1 Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020327. [PMID: 36833254 PMCID: PMC9957277 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Orofaciodigital syndrome I (OFD1-MIM #311200) is a rare ciliopathy characterized by facial dysmorphism, oral cavity, digit, and brain malformations, and cognitive deficits. OFD1 syndrome is an X-linked dominant disorder reported mostly in females. The gene responsible for this condition, OFD1 centriole and centriolar satellite protein (OFD1), is involved in primary cilia formation and several cilia-independent biological processes. The functional and structural integrity of the cilia impacts critical brain development processes, explaining the broad range of neurodevelopmental anomalies in ciliopathy patients. As several psychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia, are neurodevelopmental in nature, their connections with cilia roles are worth exploring. Moreover, several cilia genes have been associated with behavioral disorders, such as autism. We report on a three-year-old girl with a complex phenotype that includes oral malformations, severe speech delay, dysmorphic features, developmental delay, autism, and bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia, presenting a de novo pathogenic variant in the OFD1 gene. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of autistic behavior in a female patient with OFD1 syndrome. We propose that autistic behavior should be considered a potential feature of this syndrome and that active screening for early signs of autism might prove beneficial for OFD1 syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Mihaela Papuc
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-213-194528
| | - Alina Erbescu
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina Glangher
- Psychiatry Research Laboratory, Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Streata
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca-Lelia Riza
- Regional Centre of Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency County Hospital Craiova, 200642 Craiova, Romania
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Magdalena Budisteanu
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Psychiatry Research Laboratory, Prof. Dr. Alex. Obregia Clinical Hospital of Psychiatry, 041914 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Aurora Arghir
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Venkatesan C, Countee E, Wong B, Spaeth C, Kline-Fath BM, Nagaraj UD. Imaging Similarities Between Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 1 and Aicardi Syndrome: Prenatal and Postnatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Findings in 4 Patients. J Child Neurol 2022; 38:31-37. [PMID: 36567511 DOI: 10.1177/08830738221147372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal identification by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of callosal anomalies, particularly with accompanying intracranial abnormalities, poses a challenge for accurate prognostication and fetal counseling as outcome can vary widely depending on underlying etiology. In female patients, Aicardi syndrome is an important consideration, and prompt postnatal ophthalmologic assessment to identify ocular stigmata of Aicardi syndrome can aid with anticipatory guidance and greater vigilance for seizures. We present a case of a female with fetal and postnatal MRI findings of agenesis of corpus callosum and type 2b interhemispheric cysts, characteristically found in Aicardi syndrome, but was found to have oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1). We also present 3 other companion cases with pre- and postnatal imaging of patients with Aicardi syndrome. These cases highlight the importance of widening the differential diagnosis to also include OFD1 for female patients with callosal anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Venkatesan
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elizabeth Countee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Beatrix Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine Spaeth
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Beth M Kline-Fath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Usha D Nagaraj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Division of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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10
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Expanding the phenotype of males with OFD1 pathogenic variants-a case report and literature review. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104496. [PMID: 35398350 PMCID: PMC10369588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the OFD1 gene have been classically associated with the Orofaciodigital syndrome type 1 in females, a condition previously considered to be X-linked dominant with male embryonic lethality. However, an increasing number of males with pathogenic OFD1 variants who survived beyond the neonatal period have now been reported in the literature. Although each new report has added to the ever-broadening spectrum of clinical findings seen in males, many questions about genotype-phenotype correlations and disease mechanism remain. Herein, we describe a 9-year-old male child with a novel hemizygous pathogenic OFD1 variant identified by exome sequencing and a unique combination of findings, not previously reported, including presence of both a hypothalamic hamartoma and the molar tooth sign. His clinical features overlap multiple ciliopathy phenotypes, blurring the boundaries of distinct ciliopathy gene-disease relationships. This case provides further evidence for the consideration of a broad OFD1-relateddisorder spectrum in affected males rather than multiple distinct phenotypes. Additionally, a review of previously published cases of the disorder in males support the inclusion of the OFD1 gene in the differential diagnosis and work up for all individuals who present with primary ciliopathy-type features, regardless of their gender. We also highlight current information about OFD1 variant types and pathogenesis and explore how these could mechanistically drive some of the observed phenotypic differences.
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11
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Pezzella N, Bove G, Tammaro R, Franco B. OFD1: One gene, several disorders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:57-71. [PMID: 35112477 PMCID: PMC9303915 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The OFD1 protein is necessary for the formation of primary cilia and left–right asymmetry establishment but additional functions have also been ascribed to this multitask protein. When mutated, this protein results in a variety of phenotypes ranging from multiorgan involvement, such as OFD type I (OFDI) and Joubert syndromes (JBS10), and Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), to the engagement of single tissues such as in the case of retinitis pigmentosa (RP23). The inheritance pattern of these condition differs from X‐linked dominant male‐lethal (OFDI) to X‐linked recessive (JBS10, PCD, and RP23). Distinctive biological peculiarities of the protein, which can contribute to explain the extreme clinical variability and the genetic mechanisms underlying the different disorders are discussed. The extensive spectrum of clinical manifestations observed in OFD1‐mutated patients represents a paradigmatic example of the complexity of genetic diseases. The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying this complexity will expand our comprehension of inherited disorders and will improve the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunziana Pezzella
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Bove
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Tammaro
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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12
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Primary cilia in hard tissue development and diseases. Front Med 2021; 15:657-678. [PMID: 34515939 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone and teeth are hard tissues. Hard tissue diseases have a serious effect on human survival and quality of life. Primary cilia are protrusions on the surfaces of cells. As antennas, they are distributed on the membrane surfaces of almost all mammalian cell types and participate in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis. Mutations in cilium-related genes result in a variety of developmental and even lethal diseases. Patients with multiple ciliary gene mutations present overt changes in the skeletal system, suggesting that primary cilia are involved in hard tissue development and reconstruction. Furthermore, primary cilia act as sensors of external stimuli and regulate bone homeostasis. Specifically, substances are trafficked through primary cilia by intraflagellar transport, which affects key signaling pathways during hard tissue development. In this review, we summarize the roles of primary cilia in long bone development and remodeling from two perspectives: primary cilia signaling and sensory mechanisms. In addition, the cilium-related diseases of hard tissue and the manifestations of mutant cilia in the skeleton and teeth are described. We believe that all the findings will help with the intervention and treatment of related hard tissue genetic diseases.
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13
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OFD Type I syndrome: lessons learned from a rare ciliopathy. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1929-1939. [PMID: 32897366 DOI: 10.1042/bst20191029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The OFD1 gene was initially identified as the gene responsible for the X-linked dominant male lethal OFD type I syndrome, a developmental disorder ascribed to cilia disfunction. The transcript has been subsequently associated to four different X-linked recessive conditions, namely Joubert syndrome, retinitis pigmentosa, primary ciliary dyskinesia and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel type 2 syndrome. The centrosomal/basal body OFD1 protein has indeed been shown to be required for primary cilia formation and left-right asymmetry. The protein is also involved in other tasks, e.g. regulation of cellular protein content, constrain of the centriolar length, chromatin remodeling at DNA double strand breaks, control of protein quality balance and cell cycle progression, which might be mediated by non-ciliary activities. OFD1 represents a paradigmatic model of a protein that performs its diverse actions according to the cell needs and depending on the subcellular localization, the cell type/tissue and other possible factors still to be determined. An increased number of multitask protein, such as OFD1, may represent a partial explanation to human complexity, as compared with less complex organisms with an equal or slightly lower number of proteins.
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14
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A rare triad of morning glory disc anomaly, moyamoya vasculopathy, and transsphenoidal cephalocele: pathophysiological considerations and surgical management. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:5433-5439. [PMID: 33825116 PMCID: PMC8642253 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Morning glory disc anomaly is a congenital abnormality of the optic disc and peripapillary retina reported as an isolated condition or associated with various anomalies, including basal encephaloceles and moyamoya vasculopathy. However, the co-occurrence of these three entities is extremely rare and the pathogenesis is still poorly understood. Moreover, data on the surgical management and long-term follow-up of the intracranial anomalies are scarce. Here, we describe the case of a 11-year-old boy with morning glory disc anomaly, transsphenoidal cephalocele, and moyamoya vasculopathy, who underwent bilateral indirect revascularization with encephalo-duro-myo-arterio-pericranio-synangiosis at the age of 2 years, and endoscopic repair of the transsphenoidal cephalocele at the age of 6 years. A rare missense variant (c.1081T>C,p.Tyr361His) was found in OFD1, a gene responsible for a X-linked ciliopathy, the oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1; OMIM 311200). This case expands the complex phenotype of OFD1 syndrome and suggests a possible involvement of OFD1 gene and Shh pathway in the pathogenesis of these anomalies.
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15
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Andreu-Cervera A, Catala M, Schneider-Maunoury S. Cilia, ciliopathies and hedgehog-related forebrain developmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 150:105236. [PMID: 33383187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the forebrain critically depends on the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, as illustrated in humans by the frequent perturbation of this pathway in holoprosencephaly, a condition defined as a defect in the formation of midline structures of the forebrain and face. The Shh pathway requires functional primary cilia, microtubule-based organelles present on virtually every cell and acting as cellular antennae to receive and transduce diverse chemical, mechanical or light signals. The dysfunction of cilia in humans leads to inherited diseases called ciliopathies, which often affect many organs and show diverse manifestations including forebrain malformations for the most severe forms. The purpose of this review is to provide the reader with a framework to understand the developmental origin of the forebrain defects observed in severe ciliopathies with respect to perturbations of the Shh pathway. We propose that many of these defects can be interpreted as an imbalance in the ratio of activator to repressor forms of the Gli transcription factors, which are effectors of the Shh pathway. We also discuss the complexity of ciliopathies and their relationships with forebrain disorders such as holoprosencephaly or malformations of cortical development, and emphasize the need for a closer examination of forebrain defects in ciliopathies, not only through the lens of animal models but also taking advantage of the increasing potential of the research on human tissues and organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Andreu-Cervera
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7622, Institut national pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (IBPS-LBD), 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández - CSIC, Campus de San Juan; Avda. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 03550 Alicante, Spain
| | - Martin Catala
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7622, Institut national pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (IBPS-LBD), 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7622, Institut national pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1156, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine - Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement (IBPS-LBD), 9 Quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
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16
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Uzquiano A, Cifuentes-Diaz C, Jabali A, Romero DM, Houllier A, Dingli F, Maillard C, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Loew D, Mancini GMS, Bahi-Buisson N, Ladewig J, Francis F. Mutations in the Heterotopia Gene Eml1/EML1 Severely Disrupt the Formation of Primary Cilia. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1596-1611.e10. [PMID: 31390572 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical radial glia (aRGs) are predominant progenitors during corticogenesis. Perturbing their function leads to cortical malformations, including subcortical heterotopia (SH), characterized by the presence of neurons below the cortex. EML1/Eml1 mutations lead to SH in patients, as well as to heterotopic cortex (HeCo) mutant mice. In HeCo mice, some aRGs are abnormally positioned away from the ventricular zone (VZ). Thus, unraveling EML1/Eml1 function will clarify mechanisms maintaining aRGs in the VZ. We pinpoint an unknown EML1/Eml1 function in primary cilium formation. In HeCo aRGs, cilia are shorter, less numerous, and often found aberrantly oriented within vesicles. Patient fibroblasts and human cortical progenitors show similar defects. EML1 interacts with RPGRIP1L, a ciliary protein, and RPGRIP1L mutations were revealed in a heterotopia patient. We also identify Golgi apparatus abnormalities in EML1/Eml1 mutant cells, potentially upstream of the cilia phenotype. We thus reveal primary cilia mechanisms impacting aRG dynamics in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Uzquiano
- INSERM U 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Cifuentes-Diaz
- INSERM U 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Ammar Jabali
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Delfina M Romero
- INSERM U 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Anne Houllier
- INSERM U 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Camille Maillard
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, INSERM UMR1163 Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Protéomique, Paris, France
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Laboratory of Genetics and Development of the Cerebral Cortex, INSERM UMR1163 Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Pediatric Neurology APHP-Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France; Centre de Référence, Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, APHP-Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Julia Ladewig
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; HITBR Hector Institute for Translational Brain Research gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fiona Francis
- INSERM U 1270, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, 75005 Paris, France; Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France.
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17
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Faily S, Perveen R, Chandler K, Clayton-Smith J. Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 1: Further Clinical and Molecular Delineation in 2 New Families. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 57:606-615. [PMID: 32064904 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620902880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1) [OMIM 311200] is a rare genetic disorder associated with congenital anomalies of the oral cavity, face, and digits. This condition is associated with mutations in the OFD1 gene. Our objective was to recruit patients with the OFD1 clinical phenotype without genetic confirmation, aiming to identify genetic variants in the OFD1 gene. DESIGN Three patients from 2 unrelated families were recruited into our study. We employed a variety of genomic techniques on these patients, including candidate gene analysis, array comparative genomic hybridization, whole-exome sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing. RESULTS We investigated 3 affected patients from 2 unrelated families with a clinical diagnosis of OFD1. We discovered a novel pathogenic dominant missense mutation c.635G>C (p.Arg212Pro) in the OFD1 gene in one family. A novel frameshift, loss-of-function mutation c.306delA (p.Glu103LysfsTer42) was detected in the affected patient in the second family. CONCLUSIONS These new genetic variants will add to the spectrum of known OFD1 mutations associated with the OFD1 disorder. Our study also confirms the variable phenotypic presentation of OFD1 and its well-recognized association with central nervous system malformations and renal anomalies. Molecular diagnostic confirmation achieved in these families will have positive implications for their medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Faily
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Rahat Perveen
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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18
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Fujita A, Higashijima T, Shirozu H, Masuda H, Sonoda M, Tohyama J, Kato M, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Mitsuhashi S, Mizuguchi T, Takata A, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Fukuda M, Kameyama S, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N. Pathogenic variants of DYNC2H1, KIAA0556, and PTPN11 associated with hypothalamic hamartoma. Neurology 2019; 93:e237-e251. [PMID: 31197031 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000007774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intensive genetic analysis was performed to reveal comprehensive molecular insights into hypothalamic hamartoma (HH). METHODS Thirty-eight individuals with HH were investigated by whole exome sequencing, target capture-based deep sequencing, or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array using DNA extracted from blood leukocytes or HH samples. RESULTS We identified a germline variant of KIAA0556, which encodes a ciliary protein, and 2 somatic variants of PTPN11, which forms part of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, as well as variants in known genes associated with HH. An SNP array identified (among 3 patients) one germline copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) at 6p22.3-p21.31 and 2 somatic cnLOH; one at 11q12.2-q25 that included DYNC2H1, which encodes a ciliary motor protein, and the other at 17p13.3-p11.2. A germline heterozygous variant and an identical somatic variant of DYNC2H1 arising from cnLOH at 11q12.2-q25 were confirmed in one patient (whose HH tissue, therefore, contains biallelic variants of DYNC2H1). Furthermore, a combination of a germline and a somatic DYNC2H1 variant was detected in another patient. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our cohort identified germline/somatic alterations in 34% (13/38) of patients with HH. Disruption of the Shh signaling pathway associated with cilia or the RAS/MAPK pathway may lead to the development of HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujita
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takefumi Higashijima
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirozu
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Tohyama
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satomi Mitsuhashi
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukuda
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kameyama
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- From the Departments of Human Genetics (A.F., S. Mitsuhashi, T.M., A.T., S. Miyatake, N. Miyake, N. Matsumoto) and Neurosurgery (M.S.), Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine; Departments of Functional Neurosurgery (T.H., H. Shirozu, H.M., M.F., S.K.) and Child Neurology (J.T.), Epilepsy Center, National Hospital Organization Nishiniigata Chuo Hospital Niigata, Japan; Department of Pediatrics and Neurology (M.S.), Wayne State University, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics (M.K.), Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo; Department of Biochemistry (M.N., H. Saitsu), Hamamatsu University School of Medicine; and Clinical Research Institute (Y.T.), Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
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19
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Aljeaid D, Lombardo RC, Witte DP, Hopkin RJ. A novel pathogenic variant in OFD1 results in X-linked Joubert syndrome with orofaciodigital features and pituitary aplasia. Am J Med Genet A 2019; 179:1010-1014. [PMID: 30895720 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Orofaciodigital syndrome type I and X-linked recessive Joubert syndrome are known ciliopathic disorders that are caused by pathogenic variants in OFD1 gene. Endocrine system involvement with these conditions is not well described. We present the first report of a newborn male with a novel hemizygous variant in OFD1 gene c.515T>C, (p.Leu172Pro) resulting in X-linked Joubert syndrome and orofaciodigital features with complete pituitary gland aplasia and subsequent severe hypoplasia of peripheral endocrine glands. This clinical report expands the phenotypic spectrum of endocrine system involvement in OFD1-related disorders and suggests that OFD1 gene may be related to pituitary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deema Aljeaid
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Genetics Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachel C Lombardo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - David P Witte
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert J Hopkin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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20
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The Ciliopathy Gene Ftm/Rpgrip1l Controls Mouse Forebrain Patterning via Region-Specific Modulation of Hedgehog/Gli Signaling. J Neurosci 2019; 39:2398-2415. [PMID: 30692221 PMCID: PMC6435827 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2199-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are essential for CNS development. In the mouse, they play a critical role in patterning the spinal cord and telencephalon via the regulation of Hedgehog/Gli signaling. However, despite the frequent disruption of this signaling pathway in human forebrain malformations, the role of primary cilia in forebrain morphogenesis has been little investigated outside the telencephalon. Here we studied development of the diencephalon, hypothalamus and eyes in mutant mice in which the Ftm/Rpgrip1l ciliopathy gene is disrupted. At the end of gestation, Ftm−/− fetuses displayed anophthalmia, a reduction of the ventral hypothalamus and a disorganization of diencephalic nuclei and axonal tracts. In Ftm−/− embryos, we found that the ventral forebrain structures and the rostral thalamus were missing. Optic vesicles formed but lacked the optic cups. In Ftm−/− embryos, Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression was virtually lost in the ventral forebrain but maintained in the zona limitans intrathalamica (ZLI), the mid-diencephalic organizer. Gli activity was severely downregulated but not lost in the ventral forebrain and in regions adjacent to the Shh-expressing ZLI. Reintroduction of the repressor form of Gli3 into the Ftm−/− background restored optic cup formation. Our data thus uncover a complex role of cilia in development of the diencephalon, hypothalamus and eyes via the region-specific control of the ratio of activator and repressor forms of the Gli transcription factors. They call for a closer examination of forebrain defects in severe ciliopathies and for a search for ciliopathy genes as modifiers in other human conditions with forebrain defects. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is essential for proper forebrain development as illustrated by a human condition called holoprosencephaly. The Hh pathway relies on primary cilia, cellular organelles that receive and transduce extracellular signals and whose dysfunctions lead to rare inherited diseases called ciliopathies. To date, the role of cilia in the forebrain has been poorly studied outside the telencephalon. In this paper we study the role of the Ftm/Rpgrip1l ciliopathy gene in mouse forebrain development. We uncover complex functions of primary cilia in forebrain morphogenesis through region-specific modulation of the Hh pathway. Our data call for further examination of forebrain defects in ciliopathies and for a search for ciliopathy genes as modifiers in human conditions affecting forebrain development.
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21
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Kırzıoglu Z, Oz E. Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 1: Oral Findings in a 6-Year-Old Girl. J Pediatr Genet 2018; 7:92-96. [PMID: 29707412 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1618601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndrome (OFDS) is a group of congenital anomalies with 13 different forms. OFDS type 1 (OFDS1) is a developmental genetic anomaly related to the X chromosome, that is often seen in girls, and affects the face, oral cavity, and extremities. In this study, we discuss the oral findings of a 6-year-old girl with OFDS1 and her situation after 2.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Kırzıoglu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Esra Oz
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, The University of Süleyman Demirel, Isparta, Turkey
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22
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Guen VJ, Edvardson S, Fraenkel ND, Fattal-Valevski A, Jalas C, Anteby I, Shaag A, Dor T, Gillis D, Kerem E, Lees JA, Colas P, Elpeleg O. A homozygous deleterious CDK10 mutation in a patient with agenesis of corpus callosum, retinopathy, and deafness. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:92-98. [PMID: 29130579 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary cilium is a key organelle in numerous physiological and developmental processes. Genetic defects in the formation of this non-motile structure, in its maintenance and function, underlie a wide array of ciliopathies in human, including craniofacial, brain and heart malformations, and retinal and hearing defects. We used exome sequencing to study the molecular basis of disease in an 11-year-old female patient who suffered from growth retardation, global developmental delay with absent speech acquisition, agenesis of corpus callosum and paucity of white matter, sensorineural deafness, retinitis pigmentosa, vertebral anomalies, patent ductus arteriosus, and facial dysmorphism reminiscent of STAR syndrome, a suspected ciliopathy. A homozygous variant, c.870_871del, was identified in the CDK10 gene, predicted to cause a frameshift, p.Trp291Alafs*18, in the cyclin-dependent kinase 10 protein. CDK10 mRNAs were detected in patient cells and do not seem to undergo non-sense mediated decay. CDK10 is the binding partner of Cyclin M (CycM) and CDK10/CycM protein kinase regulates ciliogenesis and primary cilium elongation. Notably, CycM gene is mutated in patients with STAR syndrome. Following incubation, the patient cells appeared less elongated and more densely populated than the control cells suggesting that the CDK10 mutation affects the cytoskeleton. Upon starvation and staining with acetylated-tubulin, γ-tubulin, and Arl13b, the patient cells exhibited fewer and shorter cilia than control cells. These findings underscore the importance of CDK10 for the regulation of ciliogenesis. CDK10 defect is likely associated with a new form of ciliopathy phenotype; additional patients may further validate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent J Guen
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Simon Edvardson
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nitay D Fraenkel
- Department of Respiratory Rehabilitation, Alyn Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aviva Fattal-Valevski
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Dana-Dwek Children's Hospital, Tel Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chaim Jalas
- Bonei Olam, Center for Rare Jewish Genetic Disorders, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Irene Anteby
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Shaag
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Talia Dor
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Gillis
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eitan Kerem
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacqueline A Lees
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Pierre Colas
- P2I2 Group, Protein Phosphorylation and Human Disease Laboratory, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Roscoff, France
| | - Orly Elpeleg
- Monique and Jacques Roboh Department of Genetic Research, Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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23
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Abramowicz I, Carpenter G, Alfieri M, Colnaghi R, Outwin E, Parent P, Thauvin-Robinet C, Iaconis D, Franco B, O'Driscoll M. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type I cells exhibit impaired DNA repair; unanticipated consequences of defective OFD1 outside of the cilia network. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:19-32. [PMID: 27798113 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Defects in OFD1 underlie the clinically complex ciliopathy, Oral-Facial-Digital syndrome Type I (OFD Type I). Our understanding of the molecular, cellular and clinical consequences of impaired OFD1 originates from its characterised roles at the centrosome/basal body/cilia network. Nonetheless, the first described OFD1 interactors were components of the TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex. We find that OFD1 can also localise to chromatin and its reduced expression is associated with mis-localization of TIP60 in patient-derived cell lines. TIP60 plays important roles in controlling DNA repair. OFD Type I cells exhibit reduced histone acetylation and altered chromatin dynamics in response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Furthermore, reduced OFD1 impaired DSB repair via homologous recombination repair (HRR). OFD1 loss also adversely impacted upon the DSB-induced G2-M checkpoint, inducing a hypersensitive and prolonged arrest. Our findings show that OFD Type I patient cells have pronounced defects in the DSB-induced histone modification, chromatin remodelling and DSB-repair via HRR; effectively phenocopying loss of TIP60. These data extend our knowledge of the molecular and cellular consequences of impaired OFD1, demonstrating that loss of OFD1 can negatively impact upon important nuclear events; chromatin plasticity and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Abramowicz
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Gillian Carpenter
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Rita Colnaghi
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Emily Outwin
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Philippe Parent
- Service de Génétique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Brest, France
| | | | | | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mark O'Driscoll
- Human DNA damage Response Disorders Group, Genome Damage & Stability Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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24
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Wagner MW, Poretti A, Benson JE, Huisman TAGM. Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Genetic Skeletal Disorders: A Review. J Neuroimaging 2016; 27:162-209. [PMID: 28000960 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic skeletal disorders (GSDs) are a heterogeneous group characterized by an intrinsic abnormality in growth and (re-)modeling of cartilage and bone. A large subgroup of GSDs has additional involvement of other structures/organs beside the skeleton, such as the central nervous system (CNS). CNS abnormalities have an important role in long-term prognosis of children with GSDs and should consequently not be missed. Sensitive and specific identification of CNS lesions while evaluating a child with a GSD requires a detailed knowledge of the possible associated CNS abnormalities. Here, we provide a pattern-recognition approach for neuroimaging findings in GSDs guided by the obvious skeletal manifestations of GSD. In particular, we summarize which CNS findings should be ruled out with each GSD. The diseases (n = 180) are classified based on the skeletal involvement (1. abnormal metaphysis or epiphysis, 2. abnormal size/number of bones, 3. abnormal shape of bones and joints, and 4. abnormal dynamic or structural changes). For each disease, skeletal involvement was defined in accordance with Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Morphological CNS involvement has been described based on extensive literature search. Selected examples will be shown based on prevalence of the diseases and significance of the CNS involvement. CNS involvement is common in GSDs. A wide spectrum of morphological abnormalities is associated with GSDs. Early diagnosis of CNS involvement is important in the management of children with GSDs. This pattern-recognition approach aims to assist and guide physicians in the diagnostic work-up of CNS involvement in children with GSDs and their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W Wagner
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jane E Benson
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thierry A G M Huisman
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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25
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DEHGHAN TEZERJANI M, MAROOFIAN R, VAHIDI MEHRJARDI MY, CHIOZA BA, ZAMANINEJAD S, KALANTAR SM, NORI-SHADKAM M, GHADIMI H, BAPLE EL, CROSBY AH, DEHGHANI M. A Novel Mutation in the OFD1 Gene in a Family with Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 1: A Case Report. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 45:1359-1366. [PMID: 27957444 PMCID: PMC5149501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndrome as heterogeneous developmental conditions is characterized by abnormalities in the oral cavity, facial features and digits. Furthermore, central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities can also be part of this developmental disorder. At least 13 forms of OFDS based on their pattern of signs and symptoms have been identified so far. Type 1 which is now considered to be a ciliopathy accounts for the majority of cases. It is transmitted in an X-linked dominant pattern and caused by mutations in OFD1 gene, which can result in embryonic male lethality. In this study, we present a family suffering from orofaciodigital syndrome type I who referred to Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2015. Two female siblings and their mother shared a novel 2-base pair deletion (c.1964-1965delGA) in exon 16 of OFD1 gene. Clinically, the sibling had oral, facial and brain abnormalities, whereas their mother is very mildly affected. She also had history of recurrent miscarriage of male fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud DEHGHAN TEZERJANI
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza MAROOFIAN
- Monogenic Molecular Genetics, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Mohammad Yahya VAHIDI MEHRJARDI
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Barry A. CHIOZA
- Monogenic Molecular Genetics, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Shiva ZAMANINEJAD
- Faculty of Dentistry, Golestan Uinversity of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mehdi KALANTAR
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Dept. of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza GHADIMI
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emma L. BAPLE
- Human Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, and Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew H. CROSBY
- Monogenic Molecular Genetics, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Mohammadreza DEHGHANI
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran, Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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26
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Roosing S, Romani M, Isrie M, Rosti RO, Micalizzi A, Musaev D, Mazza T, Al-gazali L, Altunoglu U, Boltshauser E, D'Arrigo S, De Keersmaecker B, Kayserili H, Brandenberger S, Kraoua I, Mark PR, McKanna T, Van Keirsbilck J, Moerman P, Poretti A, Puri R, Van Esch H, Gleeson JG, Valente EM. Mutations in CEP120 cause Joubert syndrome as well as complex ciliopathy phenotypes. J Med Genet 2016; 53:608-15. [PMID: 27208211 PMCID: PMC5013089 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ciliopathies are an extensive group of autosomal recessive or X-linked disorders with considerable genetic and clinical overlap, which collectively share multiple organ involvement and may result in lethal or viable phenotypes. In large numbers of cases the genetic defect remains yet to be determined. The aim of this study is to describe the mutational frequency and phenotypic spectrum of the CEP120 gene. METHODS Exome sequencing was performed in 145 patients with Joubert syndrome (JS), including 15 children with oral-facial-digital syndrome type VI (OFDVI) and 21 Meckel syndrome (MKS) fetuses. Moreover, exome sequencing was performed in one fetus with tectocerebellar dysraphia with occipital encephalocele (TCDOE), molar tooth sign and additional skeletal abnormalities. As a parallel study, 346 probands with a phenotype consistent with JS or related ciliopathies underwent next-generation sequencing-based targeted sequencing of 120 previously described and candidate ciliopathy genes. RESULTS We present six probands carrying nine distinct mutations (of which eight are novel) in the CEP120 gene, previously found mutated only in Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (JATD). The CEP120-associated phenotype ranges from mild classical JS in four patients to more severe conditions in two fetuses, with overlapping features of distinct ciliopathies that include TCDOE, MKS, JATD and OFD syndromes. No obvious correlation is evident between the type or location of identified mutations and the ciliopathy phenotype. CONCLUSION Our findings broaden the spectrum of phenotypes caused by CEP120 mutations that account for nearly 1% of patients with JS as well as for more complex ciliopathy phenotypes. The lack of clear genotype-phenotype correlation highlights the relevance of comprehensive genetic analyses in the diagnostics of ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Roosing
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, New York Genome Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marta Romani
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Mala Isrie
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rasim Ozgur Rosti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Damir Musaev
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Mendel Institute, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Lihadh Al-gazali
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Medical Genetics Department, İstanbul Medical Faculty, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Bart De Keersmaecker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Hülya Kayserili
- Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine (KUSOM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ichraf Kraoua
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology, National Institute Mongi Ben Hmida of Neurology of Tunis, La Rabta, Tunisia
| | - Paul R Mark
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Trudy McKanna
- Spectrum Health Medical Genetics, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Philippe Moerman
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Poretti
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Section of Pediatric Neuroradiology, Division of Pediatric Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ratna Puri
- Center of Medical Genetics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Hilde Van Esch
- Department of Human Genetics, Laboratory for the Genetics of Cognition, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Disease, New York Genome Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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An Atypical Presentation of a Male with Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Type 1 Related Ciliopathy. Case Rep Nephrol 2016; 2016:3181676. [PMID: 27651963 PMCID: PMC5019883 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3181676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OFD1) is a rare condition with X-linked dominant inheritance caused by mutations in the Cxorf5 (OFD1) gene. This gene encodes the OFD1 protein located within centrosomes and basal bodies of primary cilia. Approximately 15–50% of patients with OFD1 progress to end-stage kidney disease following development of polycystic changes within the kidneys. This condition almost always causes intrauterine lethality in males. Description of Case Diagnosis and Treatment. A Caucasian male aged 9 years and 9 months presented with increased urinary frequency, increased thirst, and decreased appetite. Physical examination demonstrated short stature, hearing loss, photophobia, murmur, and hypogonadism. He had no other dysmorphic features. Laboratory results revealed anemia, renal insufficiency, and dilute urine with microscopic hematuria but no proteinuria. Ultrasound showed small kidneys with increased echogenicity but no evidence of cystic changes. A Ciliopathy Panel showed a novel and likely pathogenic deletion, approximately 7.9 kb, in the OFD1 gene encompassing exons 16, 17, and 19 (c.1654+833_2599+423del). Brain MRI did not demonstrate typical OFD1 findings. He is currently on chronic hemodialysis awaiting transplant from a living donor. Conclusions. We present a male patient with OFD1 mutation who lacks the classic OFD1 phenotype who presented with end-stage renal disease without evidence of polycystic changes within the kidneys.
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Franco B, Thauvin-Robinet C. Update on oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS). Cilia 2016; 5:12. [PMID: 27141300 PMCID: PMC4852435 DOI: 10.1186/s13630-016-0034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDS) represent a heterogeneous group of rare developmental disorders affecting the mouth, the face and the digits. Additional signs may involve brain, kidneys and other organs thus better defining the different clinical subtypes. With the exception of OFD types I and VIII, which are X-linked, the majority of OFDS is transmitted as an autosomal recessive syndrome. A number of genes have already found to be mutated in OFDS and most of the encoded proteins are predicted or proven to be involved in primary cilia/basal body function. Preliminary data indicate a physical interaction among some of those proteins and future studies will clarify whether all OFDS proteins are part of a network functionally connected to cilia. Mutations in some of the genes can also lead to other types of ciliopathies with partially overlapping phenotypes, such as Joubert syndrome (JS) and Meckel syndrome (MKS), supporting the concept that cilia-related diseases might be a continuous spectrum of the same phenotype with different degrees of severity. To date, seven of the described OFDS still await a molecular definition and two unclassified forms need further clinical and molecular validation. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches are expected to shed light on how many OFDS geneticists should consider while evaluating oral-facial-digital cases. Functional studies will establish whether the non-ciliary functions of the transcripts mutated in OFDS might contribute to any of the phenotypic abnormalities observed in OFDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy ; Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- EA GAD, IFR Santé-STIC, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France ; Centre de Référence Maladies Rares « Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes malformatifs » de l'Est, Centre de Génétique et Pédiatrie 1, Hôpital d'Enfants, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
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29
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Saitsu H, Sonoda M, Higashijima T, Shirozu H, Masuda H, Tohyama J, Kato M, Nakashima M, Tsurusaki Y, Mizuguchi T, Miyatake S, Miyake N, Kameyama S, Matsumoto N. Somatic mutations in GLI3 and OFD1 involved in sonic hedgehog signaling cause hypothalamic hamartoma. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 3:356-65. [PMID: 27231705 PMCID: PMC4863748 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a congenital anomalous brain tumor. Although most HHs are found without any other systemic features, HH is observed in syndromic disorders such as Pallister–Hall syndrome (PHS) and oral‐facial‐digital syndrome (OFD). Here, we explore the possible involvement of somatic mutations in HH. Methods We analyzed paired blood and hamartoma samples from 18 individuals, including three with digital anomalies, by whole‐exome sequencing. Detected somatic mutations were validated by Sanger sequencing and deep sequencing of target amplicons. The effect of GLI3 mutations on its transcriptional properties was evaluated by luciferase assays using reporters containing eight copies of the GLI‐binding site and a mutated control sequence disrupting GLI binding. Results We found hamartoma‐specific somatic truncation mutations in GLI3 and OFD1, known regulators of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling, in two and three individuals, respectively. Deep sequencing of amplicons covering the mutations showed mutant allele rates of 7–54%. Somatic mutations in OFD1 at Xp22 were found only in male individuals. Potential pathogenic somatic mutations in UBR5 and ZNF263 were also identified in each individual. Germline nonsense mutations in GLI3 and OFD1 were identified in each individual with PHS and OFD type I in our series, respectively. The truncated GLI3 showed stronger repressor activity than the wild‐type protein. We did not detect somatic mutations in the remaining 9 individuals. Interpretation Our data indicate that a spectrum of human disorders can be caused by lesion‐specific somatic mutations, and suggest that impaired Shh signaling is one of the pathomechanisms of HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama 236-0004 Japan; Department of Biochemistry Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hamamatsu 431-3192 Japan
| | - Masaki Sonoda
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery Epilepsy Center Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata 950-2085 Japan
| | - Takefumi Higashijima
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery Epilepsy Center Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata 950-2085 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirozu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery Epilepsy Center Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata 950-2085 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery Epilepsy Center Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata 950-2085 Japan
| | - Jun Tohyama
- Department of Child Neurology Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata 950-2085 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kato
- Department of Pediatrics Showa University School of Medicine Tokyo 142-8666 Japan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tsurusaki
- Clinical Research Institute Kanagawa Children's Medical Center Yokohama 232-8555 Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
| | - Shigeki Kameyama
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery Epilepsy Center Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital Niigata 950-2085 Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama 236-0004 Japan
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30
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Laclef C, Anselme I, Besse L, Catala M, Palmyre A, Baas D, Paschaki M, Pedraza M, Métin C, Durand B, Schneider-Maunoury S. The role of primary cilia in corpus callosum formation is mediated by production of the Gli3 repressor. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 24:4997-5014. [PMID: 26071364 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a frequent brain disorder found in over 80 human congenital syndromes including ciliopathies. Here, we report a severe AgCC in Ftm/Rpgrip1l knockout mouse, which provides a valuable model for Meckel-Grüber syndrome. Rpgrip1l encodes a protein of the ciliary transition zone, which is essential for ciliogenesis in several cell types in mouse including neuroepithelial cells in the developing forebrain. We show that AgCC in Rpgrip1l(-/-) mouse is associated with a disturbed location of guidepost cells in the dorsomedial telencephalon. This mislocalization results from early patterning defects and abnormal cortico-septal boundary (CSB) formation in the medial telencephalon. We demonstrate that all these defects primarily result from altered GLI3 processing. Indeed, AgCC, together with patterning defects and mispositioning of guidepost cells, is rescued by overexpressing in Rpgrip1l(-/-) embryos, the short repressor form of the GLI3 transcription factor (GLI3R), provided by the Gli3(Δ699) allele. Furthermore, Gli3(Δ699) also rescues AgCC in Rfx3(-/-) embryos deficient for the ciliogenic RFX3 transcription factor that regulates the expression of several ciliary genes. These data demonstrate that GLI3 processing is a major outcome of primary cilia function in dorsal telencephalon morphogenesis. Rescuing CC formation in two independent ciliary mutants by GLI3(Δ699) highlights the crucial role of primary cilia in maintaining the proper level of GLI3R required for morphogenesis of the CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Laclef
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
| | - Isabelle Anselme
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
| | - Laurianne Besse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
| | - Martin Catala
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and Fédération de Neurologie, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière-APHP, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien Palmyre
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
| | - Dominique Baas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS, CGPhiMC-UMR5534, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France and
| | - Marie Paschaki
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS, CGPhiMC-UMR5534, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France and
| | - Maria Pedraza
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM S839, F-75005 Paris, France, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, S839, Paris, France
| | - Christine Métin
- Institut du Fer à Moulin, INSERM S839, F-75005 Paris, France, Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, S839, Paris, France
| | - Bénédicte Durand
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and CNRS, CGPhiMC-UMR5534, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France and
| | - Sylvie Schneider-Maunoury
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7622, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS)-Developmental Biology Laboratory, UMR7622, INSERM, ERL1156 and
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