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de Moraes FCA, Sano VKT, Pereira CRM, de Laia EA, Stecca C, Magalhães MCF, Burbano RMR. Treatment-related adverse events in patients with advanced breast cancer receiving adjuvant AKT inhibitors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00228-024-03713-6. [PMID: 38888626 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-024-03713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incorporation of AKT inhibitors into adjuvant therapy for advanced or metastatic breast cancer has improved clinical outcomes. However, the safety of AKT inhibitors should be better evaluated, given the possibility of prolonging survival and impacting patient quality of life. Our aim was to assess how the addition of AKT inhibitors to adjuvant therapy affects treatment-related adverse events. METHODS We evaluated binary outcomes with risk ratios (RRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used DerSimonian and Laird random-effect models for all endpoints. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. R, version 4.2.3, was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS A total of seven RCTs comprising 1619 patients with BC. The adverse effects that show significance statistical favoring the occurrence of adverse effects in AKT inhibitor were diarrhea (RR 3.05; 95% CI 2.48-3.75; p < 0.00001; I2 = 49%), hyperglycemia (RR 3.4; 95% CI 1.69-6.83; p = 0.00058; I2 = 75%), nausea (RR 1.69; 95% CI 1.34-2.13; p = 0.000008; I2 = 42%), rash (RR 2.79; 95% CI 1.49-5.23; p = 0.0013; I2 = 82%), stomatitis (RR 2.24; 95% CI 1.69-2.97; p < 0.00001; I2 = 16%) and vomiting (RR 2.99; 95% CI 1.85-4.86; p = 0.00009; I2 = 42%). There was no significant difference between the groups for alopecia (p = 0.80), fatigue (p = 0.087), and neuropathy (p = 0.363380). CONCLUSION The addition of AKT inhibitors to adjuvant therapy was associated with an increase in treatment-related adverse events. These results provide safety information for further clinical trials evaluating AKT inhibitor therapy for patients with metastatic BC. Clinicians should closely monitor patients for treatment-related adverse events to avoid discontinuation of therapy and morbidity caused by these early-stage therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caroline R M Pereira
- Department of Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Stecca
- Mackenzie Evangelical University Hospital, Curitiba, Paraná, 80730-150, Brazil
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Jiang M, Wu W, Xiong Z, Yu X, Ye Z, Wu Z. Targeting autophagy drug discovery: Targets, indications and development trends. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116117. [PMID: 38295689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a vital role in sustaining cellular homeostasis and its alterations have been implicated in the etiology of many diseases. Drugs development targeting autophagy began decades ago and hundreds of agents were developed, some of which are licensed for the clinical usage. However, no existing intervention specifically aimed at modulating autophagy is available. The obstacles that prevent drug developments come from the complexity of the actual impact of autophagy regulators in disease scenarios. With the development and application of new technologies, several promising categories of compounds for autophagy-based therapy have emerged in recent years. In this paper, the autophagy-targeted drugs based on their targets at various hierarchical sites of the autophagic signaling network, e.g., the upstream and downstream of the autophagosome and the autophagic components with enzyme activities are reviewed and analyzed respectively, with special attention paid to those at preclinical or clinical trials. The drugs tailored to specific autophagy alone and combination with drugs/adjuvant therapies widely used in clinical for various diseases treatments are also emphasized. The emerging drug design and development targeting selective autophagy receptors (SARs) and their related proteins, which would be expected to arrest or reverse the progression of disease in various cancers, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, are critically reviewed. And the challenges and perspective in clinically developing autophagy-targeted drugs and possible combinations with other medicine are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Wayne Wu
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Zijie Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zihong Ye
- Department of Biology, China Jiliang University, China
| | - Zhiping Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, China Jiliang University, China.
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Amiran MR, Taghdir M, Joozdani FA. Molecular insights into the behavior of the allosteric and ATP-competitive inhibitors in interaction with AKT1 protein: A molecular dynamics study. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124853. [PMID: 37172698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
AKT1 is a family of serine/threonine kinases that play a key role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. Two significant classes of AKT1 inhibitors (allosteric and ATP-competitive) are used in clinical development, and both of them could be effective in specific conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of several different inhibitors on two conformations of the AKT1 by computational approach. We studied the effects of four inhibitors, including MK-2206, Miransertib, Herbacetin, and Shogaol, on the inactive conformation of AKT1 protein and the effects of four inhibitors, Capivasertib, AT7867, Quercetin, and Oridonin molecules on the active conformation of AKT1 protein. The results of simulations showed that each inhibitor creates a stable complex with AKT1 protein, although AKT1/Shogaol and AKT1/AT7867 complexes showed less stability than other complexes. Based on RMSF calculations, the fluctuation of residues in the mentioned complexes is higher than in other complexes. As compared to other complexes in either of its two conformations, MK-2206 has a stronger binding free energy affinity in the inactive conformation, -203.446 kJ/mol. MM-PBSA calculations showed that the van der Waals interactions contribute more than the electrostatic interactions to the binding energy of inhibitors to AKT1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Amiran
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115_111, Iran
| | - Majid Taghdir
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115_111, Iran.
| | - Farzane Abasi Joozdani
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115_111, Iran
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Mydin RBSMN, Mahboob A, Sreekantan S, Saharudin KA, Qazem EQ, Hazan R, Wajidi MFF. Mechano-cytoskeleton remodeling mechanism and molecular docking studies on nanosurface technology: Titania nanotube arrays. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022. [PMID: 36567620 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In biomedical implant technology, nanosurface such as titania nanotube arrays (TNA) could provide better cellular adaptation, especially for long-term tissue acceptance response. Mechanotransduction activities of TNA nanosurface could involve the cytoskeleton remodeling mechanism. However, there is no clear insight into TNA mechano-cytoskeleton remodeling activities, especially computational approaches. Epithelial cells have played critical interface between biomedical implant surface and tissue acceptance, particularly for long-term interaction. Therefore, this study investigates genomic responses that are responsible for cell-TNA mechano-stimulus using epithelial cells model. Findings suggested that cell-TNA interaction may improve structural and extracellular matrix (ECM) support on the cells as an adaptive response toward the nanosurface topography. More specifically, the surface topography of the TNA might improve the cell polarity and adhesion properties via the interaction of the plasma membrane and intracellular matrix responses. TNA nanosurface might engross the cytoskeleton remodeling activities for multidirectional cell movement and cellular protrusions on TNA nanosurface. These observations are supported by the molecular docking profiles that determine proteins' in silico binding mechanism on TNA. This active cell-surface revamping would allow cells to adapt to develop a protective barrier toward TNA nanosurface, thus enhancing biocompatibility properties distinctly for long-term interaction. The findings from this study will be beneficial toward nano-molecular knowledge of designing functional nanosurface technology for advanced medical implant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiatul Basria S M N Mydin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Alam Mahboob
- Division of Chemistry & Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Srimala Sreekantan
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Arifah Saharudin
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.,Qdos Interconnect Sdn Bhd, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ekhlas Qaid Qazem
- Materials Technology Group, Industrial Technology Division, Nuclear Malaysia Agency, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roshasnorlyza Hazan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
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Jang H, Park Y, Jang J. Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1: Structure, biological functions, and its inhibitors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036844. [PMID: 36457711 PMCID: PMC9706101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the protein kinase A, G, and C (AGC) family. Upon initiation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) phosphorylate the hydrophobic motif and kinase domain of SGK1, respectively, inducing SGK1 activation. SGK1 modulates essential cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Hence, dysregulated SGK1 expression can result in multiple diseases, including hypertension, cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review provides a current understanding of SGK1, particularly in sodium transport, cancer progression, and autoimmunity. In addition, we summarize the developmental status of SGK1 inhibitors, their structures, and respective potencies evaluated in pre-clinical experimental settings. Collectively, this review highlights the significance of SGK1 and proposes SGK1 inhibitors as potential drugs for treatment of clinically relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Youngjun Park
- Laboratory of Immune and Inflammatory Disease, College of Pharmacy, Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Jaebong Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, South Korea
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Astolfi A, Milano F, Palazzotti D, Brea J, Pismataro MC, Morlando M, Tabarrini O, Loza MI, Massari S, Martelli MP, Barreca ML. From Serendipity to Rational Identification of the 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4(3 H)-one Core as a New Chemotype of AKT1 Inhibitors for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2295. [PMID: 36365115 PMCID: PMC9698716 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy whose prognosis is globally poor. In more than 60% of AML patients, the PI3K/AKTs/mTOR signaling pathway is aberrantly activated because of oncogenic driver alterations and further enhanced by chemotherapy as a mechanism of drug resistance. Against this backdrop, very recently we have started a multidisciplinary research project focused on AKT1 as a pharmacological target to identify novel anti-AML agents. Indeed, the serendipitous finding of the in-house compound T187 as an AKT1 inhibitor has paved the way to the rational identification of new active small molecules, among which T126 has emerged as the most interesting compound with IC50 = 1.99 ± 0.11 μM, ligand efficiency of 0.35, and a clear effect at low micromolar concentrations on growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in AML cells. The collected results together with preliminary SAR data strongly indicate that the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one derivative T126 is worthy of future biological experiments and medicinal chemistry efforts aimed at developing a novel chemical class of AKT1 inhibitors as anti-AML agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Milano
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Deborah Palazzotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Jose Brea
- CIMUS Research Center, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Chiara Pismataro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Morlando
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Oriana Tabarrini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Loza
- CIMUS Research Center, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Serena Massari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Martelli
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Barreca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, “Department of Excellence 2018–2022”, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Mehmood T, Pichyangkura R, Muanprasat C. Chitosan Oligosaccharide Prevents Afatinib-Induced Barrier Disruption and Chloride Secretion through Modulation of AMPK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK Signaling in T84 Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204255. [PMID: 36297833 PMCID: PMC9611671 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is an important adverse effect of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors, especially afatinib. Novel antidiarrheal agents are needed to reduce epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated diarrhea to improve the quality of life and treatment outcome in cancer patients. This study aimed to investigate the anti-diarrheal activity of chitosan oligosaccharide against afatinib-induced barrier disruption and chloride secretion in human intestinal epithelial cells (T84 cells). Chitosan oligosaccharide (100 μg/mL) prevented afatinib-induced barrier disruption determined by changes in transepithelial electrical resistance and FITC-dextran flux in the T84 cell monolayers. In addition, chitosan oligosaccharide prevented afatinib-induced potentiation of cAMP-induced chloride secretion measured by short-circuit current analyses in the T84 cell monolayers. Chitosan oligosaccharide induced the activation of AMPK, a positive regulator of epithelial tight junction and a negative regulator of cAMP-induced chloride secretion. Moreover, chitosan oligosaccharide partially reversed afatinib-induced AKT inhibition without affecting afatinib-induced ERK inhibition via AMPK-independent mechanisms. Collectively, this study reveals that chitosan oligosaccharide prevents the afatinib-induced diarrheal activities in T84 cells via both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent mechanisms. Chitosan oligosaccharide represents a promising natural polymer-derived compound for further development of treatment for afatinib-associated diarrheas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
| | - Rath Pichyangkura
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bang Phli, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Pungsrinont T, Kallenbach J, Baniahmad A. Role of PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway as a Pro-Survival Signaling and Resistance-Mediating Mechanism to Therapy of Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11088. [PMID: 34681745 PMCID: PMC8538152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy are the gold standard options for treating prostate cancer (PCa). These are initially effective, as localized and the early stage of metastatic disease are androgen- and castration-sensitive. The tumor strongly relies on systemic/circulating androgens for activating AR signaling to stimulate growth and progression. However, after a certain point, the tumor will eventually develop a resistant stage, where ADT and AR antagonists are no longer effective. Mechanistically, it seems that the tumor becomes more aggressive through adaptive responses, relies more on alternative activated pathways, and is less dependent on AR signaling. This includes hyperactivation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which is a central signal that regulates cell pro-survival/anti-apoptotic pathways, thus, compensating the blockade of AR signaling. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is well-documented for its crosstalk between genomic and non-genomic AR signaling, as well as other signaling cascades. Such a reciprocal feedback loop makes it more complicated to target individual factor/signaling for treating PCa. Here, we highlight the role of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling as a resistance mechanism for PCa therapy and illustrate the transition of prostate tumor from AR signaling-dependent to PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway-dependent. Moreover, therapeutic strategies with inhibitors targeting the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signal used in clinic and ongoing clinical trials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany; (T.P.); (J.K.)
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Cajas YN, Cañón-Beltrán K, Núñez-Puente C, Gutierrez-Adán A, González EM, Agirregoitia E, Rizos D. Nobiletin-induced partial abrogation of deleterious effects of AKT inhibition on preimplantation bovine embryo development in vitro. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1427-1442. [PMID: 34617564 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During preimplantational embryo development, PI3K/AKT regulates cell proliferation and differentiation and nobiletin modulates this pathway to promote cell survival. Therefore, we aimed to establish whether, when the AKT cascade is inhibited using inhibitors III and IV, nobiletin supplementation to in vitro culture media during the minor (2 to 8-cell stage, MNEGA) or major (8 to 16-cell stage, MJEGA) phases of EGA is able to modulate the development and quality of bovine embryos. In vitro zygotes were cultured during MNEGA or MJEGA phase in SOF + 5% FCS or supplemented with: 15 μM AKT-InhIII; 10 μM AKT-InhIV; 10 μM nobiletin; nobiletin+AKT-InhIII; nobiletin+AKT-InhIV; 0.03% DMSO. Embryo development was lower in treatments with AKT inhibitors, while combination of nobiletin with AKT inhibitors was able to recover their adverse developmental effect and also increase blastocyst cell number. The mRNA abundance of GPX1, NFE2L2, and POU5F1 was partially increased in 8- and 16-cell embryos from nobiletin with AKT inhibitors. Besides, nobiletin increased the p-rpS6 level whether or not AKT inhibitors were present. In conclusion, nobiletin promotes bovine embryo development and quality and partially recovers the adverse developmental effect of AKT inhibitors which infers that nobiletin probably uses another signalling cascade that PI3K/AKT during early embryo development in bovine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia N Cajas
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karina Cañón-Beltrán
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Núñez-Puente
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Adán
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Encina M González
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ekaitz Agirregoitia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Rizos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Tan YQ, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhu T, Garg M, Lobie PE, Pandey V. Mitochondria: The metabolic switch of cellular oncogenic transformation. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188534. [PMID: 33794332 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, well recognized as the "powerhouse" of cells, are maternally inherited organelles with bacterial ancestry that play essential roles in a myriad of cellular functions. It has become profoundly evident that mitochondria regulate a wide array of cellular and metabolic functions, including biosynthetic metabolism, cell signaling, redox homeostasis, and cell survival. Correspondingly, defects in normal mitochondrial functioning have been implicated in various human malignancies. Cancer development involves the activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and impairment of apoptotic programs in cells. Mitochondria have been recognized as the site of key metabolic switches for normal cells to acquire a malignant phenotype. This review outlines the role of mitochondria in human malignancies and highlights potential aspects of mitochondrial metabolism that could be targeted for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201313, India
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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McCann KE, Hurvitz SA. Innovations in targeted therapies for triple negative breast cancer. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2021; 33:34-47. [PMID: 33093337 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by a lack of targets, namely hormone receptor (HR) expression and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 amplification. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment. Though TNBC constitutes approximately 10-15% of breast cancer, it is disproportionally lethal, but it is hoped that outcomes will improve as targetable oncogenic drivers are identified. RECENT FINDINGS Translational work in TNBC has focused on subsets defined by defects in homologous recombination repair, immune cell infiltration, or programmed death ligand receptor 1 expression, an over-active phosphoinositide-3 kinase pathway, or expression of androgen receptors. Though not specific to TNBC, the novel cell surface antigen trophoblast antigen 2 has also been identified and successfully targeted. This work has led to Food and Drug Administration approvals for small molecule poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase inhibitors in patients with deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, the combination of nab-paclitaxel with immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies in the first-line metastatic setting for programmed death ligand receptor 1+ TNBC, and use of the antibody-drug conjugate sacituzumab govitecan in the later-line metastatic setting. SUMMARY Identification of targetable oncogenic drivers in TNBC is an area of intense cancer biology research, hopefully translating to new therapies and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E McCann
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Lv F, Deng M, Bai J, Zou D, Wang J, Li H, Zhang Y, Ji X. Piperlongumine inhibits head and neck squamous cell carcinoma proliferation by docking to Akt. Phytother Res 2020; 34:3345-3358. [PMID: 32798277 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL) is a biologically active alkaloid isolated from the long pepper roots and widely used as a traditional medicine in Ayurvedic medicine. However, the mechanism of PL's effect on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is not well understood. We performed cell experiments to confirm PL's inhibitory effect on HNSCC and employing cisplatin as positive control. Next, we conducted bioinformatics to predict PL's potential targets and verified by western blotting. Molecular docking, Biacore experiment and kinase activity assays were applied to elucidate the mechanism by which PL inhibited target activity. In vivo efficacy was verified by xenotransplantation and immunohistochemistry. PL inhibited proliferation, promoted late apoptosis, arrested cell cycle and inhibited DNA replication of the HEp-2 and FaDu cell lines. Employing bioinformatics, we found that PL's target was Akt and PL attenuated Akt phosphorylation. We found from molecular docking, Biacore experiment and kinase activity assay that PL inhibited Akt activation by docking to Akt to restrain its activity. In addition, PL significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors by down regulating the expression of p-Akt in vivo. This study provides new insights into the molecular functions of PL and indicate its potential as a therapeutic agent for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Lv
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingming Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Infectious Disease of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Bai
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dan Zou
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Four Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First Laboratory of Cancer Institute, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Gojo J, Pavelka Z, Zapletalova D, Schmook MT, Mayr L, Madlener S, Kyr M, Vejmelkova K, Smrcka M, Czech T, Dorfer C, Skotakova J, Azizi AA, Chocholous M, Reisinger D, Lastovicka D, Valik D, Haberler C, Peyrl A, Noskova H, Pál K, Jezova M, Veselska R, Kozakova S, Slaby O, Slavc I, Sterba J. Personalized Treatment of H3K27M-Mutant Pediatric Diffuse Gliomas Provides Improved Therapeutic Opportunities. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1436. [PMID: 31998633 PMCID: PMC6965319 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas with K27M histone mutations (H3K27M glioma) are generally characterized by a fatal prognosis, particularly affecting the pediatric population. Based on the molecular heterogeneity observed in this tumor type, personalized treatment is considered to substantially improve therapeutic options. Therefore, clinical evidence for therapy, guided by comprehensive molecular profiling, is urgently required. In this study, we analyzed feasibility and clinical outcomes in a cohort of 12 H3K27M glioma cases treated at two centers. Patients were subjected to personalized treatment either at primary diagnosis or disease progression and received backbone therapy including focal irradiation. Molecular analyses included whole-exome sequencing of tumor and germline DNA, RNA-sequencing, and transcriptomic profiling. Patients were monitored with regular clinical as well as radiological follow-up. In one case, liquid biopsy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was used. Analyses could be completed in 83% (10/12) and subsequent personalized treatment for one or more additional pharmacological therapies could be recommended in 90% (9/10). Personalized treatment included inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (3/9), MAPK signaling (2/9), immunotherapy (2/9), receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition (2/9), and retinoic receptor agonist (1/9). The overall response rate within the cohort was 78% (7/9) including one complete remission, three partial responses, and three stable diseases. Sustained responses lasting for 28 to 150 weeks were observed for cases with PIK3CA mutations treated with either miltefosine or everolimus and additional treatment with trametinib/dabrafenib in a case with BRAFV600E mutation. Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment of a case with increased tumor mutational burden (TMB) resulted in complete remission lasting 40 weeks. Median time to progression was 29 weeks. Median overall survival (OS) in the personalized treatment cohort was 16.5 months. Last, we compared OS to a control cohort (n = 9) showing a median OS of 17.5 months. No significant difference between the cohorts could be detected, but long-term survivors (>2 years) were only present in the personalized treatment cohort. Taken together, we present the first evidence of clinical efficacy and an improved patient outcome through a personalized approach at least in selected cases of H3K27M glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gojo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zdenek Pavelka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Danica Zapletalova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Maria T Schmook
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michal Kyr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Klara Vejmelkova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Smrcka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Thomas Czech
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Dorfer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jarmila Skotakova
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Vienna, Czechia
| | - Amedeo A Azizi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Chocholous
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Reisinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Lastovicka
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dalibor Valik
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Andreas Peyrl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hana Noskova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Karol Pál
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Marta Jezova
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, School of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Sarka Kozakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine and Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czechia.,Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czechia
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14
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Gu X, Wang Y, Wang M, Wang J, Li N. Computational investigation of imidazopyridine analogs as protein kinase B (Akt1) allosteric inhibitors by using 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 39:63-78. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1705185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic Of China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang Liaoning, P. R. China
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15
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Shariati M, Meric-Bernstam F. Targeting AKT for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:977-988. [PMID: 31594388 PMCID: PMC6901085 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1676726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Targeted therapies in cancer aim to inhibit specific molecular targets responsible for enhanced tumor growth. AKT/PKB (protein kinase B) is a serine threonine kinase involved in several critical cellular pathways, including survival, proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Although phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) is the key regulator of AKT activation, numerous stimuli and kinases initiate pro-proliferative AKT signaling which results in the activation of AKT pathway to drive cellular growth and survival. Activating mutations and amplification of components of the AKT pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis of many cancers including breast and ovarian. Given its importance, AKT, it has been validated as a promising therapeutic target.Areas covered: This article summarizes AKT's biological function and different classes of AKT inhibitors as anticancer agents. We also explore the efficacy of AKT inhibitors as monotherapies and in combination with cytotoxic and other targeted therapies.Expert opinion: The complex mechanism following AKT inhibition requires the addition of other therapies to prevent resistance and improve clinical response. Further studies are necessary to determine additional rational combinations that can enhance efficacy of AKT inhibitors, potentially by targeting compensatory mechanisms, and/or enhancing apoptosis. The identification of biomarkers of response is essential for the development of successful therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shariati
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Choi EO, Hwang HJ, Choi YH. Induction of Apoptosis Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Root Extract by Inactivation of the Phosphatidyl Inositol 3-kinase/Akt Signaling Pathway in Human Leukemia U937 Cells. J Cancer Prev 2019; 24:11-19. [PMID: 30993090 PMCID: PMC6453591 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2019.24.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The roots of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) have been widely used in traditional medicine for treatment of various diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of S. baicalensis roots (EESB) on the growth ofn human leukemia U937 cells. Methods The effect of EESB on cell viability was measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Apoptosis was determined using 4,6-diamidino-2-phenyllindile staining and flow cytometry. The effects of EESB on the expression of regulatory proteins of apoptosis and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling were determined by Western blotting. Caspase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured using flow cytometric analysis. Results EESB significantly inhibited the growth of U937 cells and induced apoptosis, which was associated with down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, the loss of MMP and activation of caspase-9 and -3. We also found that EESB enhanced the expression of death receptors (DRs) and their associated ligands and induced the activation of caspase-8 and truncation of Bid. In addition, EESB suppressed PI3K/Akt signaling and EESB-induced apoptosis and growth inhibition were further increased by inhibition of PI3K activity. Conclusions Our results indicated that the pro-apoptotic effect of EESB was mediated through the activation of DR-mediated intrinsic and mitochondria-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathways and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling in U937 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ok Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Hwang
- Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Nursing, Healthcare Sciences & Human Ecology, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea.,Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
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17
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Al-Sha'er MA, Taha MO. Ligand-based modeling of Akt3 lead to potent dual Akt1/Akt3 inhibitor. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 83:153-166. [PMID: 29456101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Akt1 and Akt3 are important serine/threonine-specific protein kinases involved in G2 phase required by cancer cells to maintain cell cycle and to prevent cell death. Accordingly, inhibitors of these kinases should have potent anti-cancer properties. This prompted us to use pharmacophore/QSAR modeling to identify optimal binding models and physicochemical descriptors that explain bioactivity variation within a set of 74 diverse Akt3 inhibitors. Two successful orthogonal pharmacophores were identified and further validated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. The pharmacophoric models and associated QSAR equation were applied to screen the national cancer institute (NCI) list of compounds for new Akt3 inhibitors. Six hits showed significant experimental anti-Akt3 IC50 values, out of which one compound exhibited dual low micromolar anti-Akt1 and anti-Akt3 inhibitory profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mutasem O Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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18
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Ashry M, Rajput SK, Folger JK, Knott JG, Hemeida NA, Kandil OM, Ragab RS, Smith GW. Functional role of AKT signaling in bovine early embryonic development: potential link to embryotrophic actions of follistatin. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:1. [PMID: 29310676 PMCID: PMC5759257 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGF-β signaling pathways regulate several crucial processes in female reproduction. AKT is a non-SMAD signaling pathway regulated by TGF-β ligands essential for oocyte maturation and early embryonic development in the mouse, but its regulatory role in bovine early embryonic development is not well established. Previously, we demonstrated a stimulatory role for follistatin (a binding protein for specific members of TGF-β superfamily) in early bovine embryonic development. The objectives of the present studies were to determine the functional role of AKT signaling in bovine early embryonic development and embryotrophic actions of follistatin. METHODS We used AKT inhibitors III and IV as pharmacological inhibitors of AKT signaling pathway during the first 72 h of in vitro embryo culture. Effects of AKT inhibition on early embryonic development and AKT phosphorylation were investigated in the presence or absence of exogenous follistatin. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition of AKT signaling resulted in a significant reduction in early embryo cleavage, and development to the 8- to 16-cell and blastocyst stages (d7). Treatment with exogenous follistatin increased AKT phosphorylation and rescued the inhibitory effect of AKT inhibitors III and IV on AKT phosphorylation and early embryonic development. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, results suggest a potential requirement of AKT for bovine early embryonic development, and suggest a potential role for follistatin in regulation of AKT signaling in early bovine embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ashry
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sandeep K. Rajput
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Joseph K. Folger
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Jason G. Knott
- Developmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Nabil A. Hemeida
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omaima M. Kandil
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Refaat S. Ragab
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - George W. Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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19
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Choi M, Shi J, Zhu Y, Yang R, Cho KH. Network dynamics-based cancer panel stratification for systemic prediction of anticancer drug response. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1940. [PMID: 29208897 PMCID: PMC5717260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease involving multiple genomic alterations that disrupt the dynamic response of signaling networks. The heterogeneous nature of cancer, which results in highly variable drug response, is a major obstacle to developing effective cancer therapy. Previous studies of cancer therapeutic response mostly focus on static analysis of genome-wide alterations, thus they are unable to unravel the dynamic, network-specific origin of variation. Here we present a network dynamics-based approach to integrate cancer genomics with dynamics of biological network for drug response prediction and design of drug combination. We select the p53 network as an example and analyze its cancer-specific state transition dynamics under distinct anticancer drug treatments by attractor landscape analysis. Our results not only enable stratification of cancer into distinct drug response groups, but also reveal network-specific drug targets that maximize p53 network-mediated cell death, providing a basis to design combinatorial therapeutic strategies for distinct cancer genomic subtypes. Genomic alterations underlie the variability of drug responses between cancers, but our mechanistic understanding is limited. Here the authors use the p53 network to study how rewiring of signalling networks by genomic alterations impact their dynamic response to pharmacological perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jue Shi
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology and Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology and Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ruizhen Yang
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology and Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Liu Y, Yin Y, Zhang Z, Li CJ, Zhang H, Zhang D, Jiang C, Nomie K, Zhang L, Wang ML, Zhao G. Structural optimization elaborates novel potent Akt inhibitors with promising anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:543-551. [PMID: 28704757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeting of Akt has been validated as a well rationalized approach to cancer treatment, and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for aggressive hematologic malignancies. We describe herein an exploration of novel Akt inhibitors for cancer therapy through structural optimization of previously described 4-(piperazin-1-yl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Our studies yielded a novel series of pyrrolopyrimidine based phenylpiperidine carboxamides capable of potent inhibition of Akt1. Notably, 10h exhibited robust antiproliferative effects in both mantle cell lymphoma cell lines and primary patient tumor cells. Low micromolar doses of 10h induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, and significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt downstream effectors GSK3β and S6 in Jeko-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yanzhen Yin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Carrie J Li
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daoguang Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Changying Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krystle Nomie
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael L Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Guisen Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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21
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10-Gingerol as an inducer of apoptosis through HTR1A in cumulus cells: In-vitro and in-silico studies. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2017; 12:397-406. [PMID: 31435270 PMCID: PMC6695051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cumulus cells play a crucial role as essential mediators in the maturation of ova. Ginger contains 10-gingerol, which induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Based on this hypothesis, this study aimed to determine whether 10-gingerol is able to induce apoptosis in normal cells, namely, cumulus cells. Methods This study used an in vitro analysis by culturing Cumulus cells in M199 containing 10-gingerol in various concentrations (12, 16, and 20 μM) and later detected early apoptotic activity using an Annexin V-FITC detection kit. Result The in vitro data revealed that the number of apoptosis cells increased along with the period of incubation as follows: 12 μM (63.71% ± 2.192%); 16 μM (74.51% ± 4.596%); and 20 μM (78.795% ± 1.435%). The substance 10-gingerol induces apoptosis in cumulus cells by inhibiting HTR1A functions and inactivating GSK3B and AKT-1. Conclusions These findings indicate that further examination is warranted for 10-gingerol as a contraception agent.
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Key Words
- 10-Gingerol
- ARG, arginine
- Apoptosis
- Cumulus cells
- FOXO, forkhead box
- GLU, glutamine
- GLY, glycine
- GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- HTR1A
- HTR1A, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1 A
- ILE, ileusine
- ILK, integrin-linked kinase
- In silico
- In vitro
- LYS, lysine
- MDM2, murine double minute clone 2
- MET, methionine
- NO, nitric oxide
- NOS3, nitric oxide synthase 3
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homologue delete on chromosome ten
- RICTOR, rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR
- TYR, tyrosine
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- mTORC1, mTOR complex 1
- mTORC2, mTOR complex 2
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Fan Y, Liu J, Liu D, Zhou Z, Bao Y, Wang J, Zhao Q, Xu Y. NSCA-1-a novel N-substituted coumalamide derivative-increases Adriamycin sensitivity in HepG2/adriamycin cells through modulating Akt/GSK-3β signaling and p53-dependant apoptotic pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:1-7. [PMID: 27866093 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coumalamide derivatives are one of 2-pyrones derivatives, exerting multifunctional bioactivity. An array of coumalamide derivatives have been developed and presented good antiproliferative properties on cancer cells. However, the synthesis of 5-substituted coumalamide derivatives has not yet been published. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major obstacle in hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Recent evidence suggests that overexpression of constitutively active Akt confers on cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel N-substituted coumalamide derivative (NSCA-1). The results indicated that NSCA-1 exerts synergistic cytotoxicity with Adriamycin in HepG2/ADR (HepG2/adriamycin) cells. Furthermore, both of the Akt kinase activity and phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) were found to be inhibited by NSCA-1 and subsequently resulting in decreased phosphorylation of GSK-3β. The intracellular accumulation of Adriamycin was also boosted by NSCA-1 via reducing the expression of p-gp. In addition, we found that combined treatment with NSCA-1 enhance cell apoptosis induced by Adriamycin via p53-dependant apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Jianyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Yongnan Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang 110016, China.
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23
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Lapierre JM, Eathiraj S, Vensel D, Liu Y, Bull CO, Cornell-Kennon S, Iimura S, Kelleher EW, Kizer DE, Koerner S, Makhija S, Matsuda A, Moussa M, Namdev N, Savage RE, Szwaya J, Volckova E, Westlund N, Wu H, Schwartz B. Discovery of 3-(3-(4-(1-Aminocyclobutyl)phenyl)-5-phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine (ARQ 092): An Orally Bioavailable, Selective, and Potent Allosteric AKT Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6455-69. [PMID: 27305487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The work in this paper describes the optimization of the 3-(3-phenyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-yl)pyridin-2-amine chemical series as potent, selective allosteric inhibitors of AKT kinases, leading to the discovery of ARQ 092 (21a). The cocrystal structure of compound 21a bound to full-length AKT1 confirmed the allosteric mode of inhibition of this chemical class and the role of the cyclobutylamine moiety. Compound 21a demonstrated high enzymatic potency against AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3, as well as potent cellular inhibition of AKT activation and the phosphorylation of the downstream target PRAS40. Compound 21a also served as a potent inhibitor of the AKT1-E17K mutant protein and inhibited tumor growth in a human xenograft mouse model of endometrial adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Lapierre
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Sudharshan Eathiraj
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - David Vensel
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Yanbin Liu
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Cathy O Bull
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | | | - Shin Iimura
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Shinagawa R&D Center, 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Eugene W Kelleher
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Darin E Kizer
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Steffi Koerner
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Sapna Makhija
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Akihisa Matsuda
- Daiichi Sankyo Co., Shinagawa R&D Center, 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
| | - Magdi Moussa
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Nivedita Namdev
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Ronald E Savage
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Jeff Szwaya
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Erika Volckova
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Neil Westlund
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Hui Wu
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Brian Schwartz
- ArQule Inc. , One Wall Street, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
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Peng CH, Liao CT, Ng KP, Tai AS, Peng SC, Yeh JP, Chen SJ, Tsao KC, Yen TC, Hsieh WP. Somatic copy number alterations detected by ultra-deep targeted sequencing predict prognosis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:19891-906. [PMID: 26087196 PMCID: PMC4637328 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ultra-deep targeted sequencing (UDT-Seq) has advanced our knowledge on the incidence and functional significance of somatic mutations. However, the utility of UDT-Seq in detecting copy number alterations (CNAs) remains unclear. With the goal of improving molecular prognostication and identifying new therapeutic targets, we designed this study to assess whether UDT-Seq may be useful for detecting CNA in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methods We sequenced a panel of clinically actionable cancer mutations in 310 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded OSCC specimens. A linear model was developed to overcome uneven coverage across target regions and multiple samples. The 5-year rates of secondary primary tumors, local recurrence, neck recurrence, distant metastases, and survival served as the outcome measures. We confirmed the prognostic significance of the CNA signatures in an independent sample of 105 primary OSCC specimens. Results The CNA burden across 10 targeted genes was found to predict prognosis in two independent cohorts. FGFR1 and PIK3CAamplifications were associated with prognosis independent of clinical risk factors. Genes exhibiting CNA were clustered in the proteoglycan metabolism, the FOXO signaling, and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathways, for which targeted drugs are already available or currently under development. Conclusions UDT-Seq is clinically useful to identify CNA, which significantly improve the prognostic information provided by traditional clinicopathological risk factors in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hua Peng
- Departments of Resource Center for Clinical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Ta Liao
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Head and Neck Oncology Group, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ka-Pou Ng
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - An-Shun Tai
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chi Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Pao Yeh
- Institute of Statistics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Jen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuo-Chien Tsao
- Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Chen Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Ping Hsieh
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Akt2/ZEB2 may be a biomarker for exfoliant cells in ascitic fluid in advanced grades of serous ovarian carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:7213-9. [PMID: 25894377 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers present a mild clinical course when diagnosed early but an aggressive pathway when diagnosed in the peri- and postmenopausal periods. However, the predictability of tumor progression is stochastic and is difficult to predict. In the present study, we hypothesized to examine the key pathways that are dysregulated to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition in serous ovarian carcinoma. Examination of these steps would help to identify ascitic fluid with cells poised for metastasis or otherwise. We focused on examining the Akt2 expression, mainly because of its report as being overamplified in the aggressive variants of ovarian cancer, as well as TGFbeta-sensitivity of Akt2 that forms the key basis for metastasis initiation of most kinds of carcinoma. We obtained primary ovarian carcinoma samples as well as ascitic fluid and distantly metastatic ovarian carcinoma to examine the expression of Akt2. The results of the study demonstrated that in malignant exfoliated ovarian cancer cells, Smad4 expression was tremendously increased in the nuclei, suggesting nuclear translocation of Smad, which thereafter may have activated ZEB2, and thereafter genomically affected the expression of E-cadherin, myosin II, and vimentin, key components for initiating and sustaining metastasis. All of these may have been stimulated by increased cellular expression of Akt2 in metastatic variants of the serous ovarian carcinoma. The reliance on Akt2 and TGF beta signaling may also potentiate the case for Akt inhibitors or small molecule inhibitors of TGFbeta signaling like doxycycline as adjunct chemotherapy in serous ovarian carcinoma, especially the metastatic variants.
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26
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Cross-laboratory validation of the OncoScan® FFPE Assay, a multiplex tool for whole genome tumour profiling. BMC Med Genomics 2015; 8:5. [PMID: 25889064 PMCID: PMC4342810 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-015-0079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adoption of new technology in both basic research and clinical settings requires rigorous validation of analytical performance. The OncoScan® FFPE Assay is a multiplexing tool that offers genome-wide copy number and loss of heterozygosity detection, as well as identification of frequently tested somatic mutations. Methods In this study, 162 formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples, representing six different tumour types, were profiled in triplicate across three independent laboratories. OncoScan® formalin fixed paraffin embedded assay data was then analysed for reproducibility of genome-wide copy number, loss of heterozygosity and somatic mutations. Where available, somatic mutation data was compared to data from orthogonal technologies (pyro/sanger sequencing). Results Cross site comparisons of genome-wide copy number and loss of heterozygosity profiles showed greater than 95% average agreement between sites. Somatic mutations pre-validated by orthogonal technologies showed greater than 90% agreement with OncoScan® somatic mutation calls and somatic mutation concordance between sites averaged 97%. Conclusions Reproducibility of whole-genome copy number, loss of heterozygosity and somatic mutation data using the OncoScan® assay has been demonstrated with comparatively low DNA inputs from a range of highly degraded formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples. In addition, our data shows examples of clinically-relevant aberrations that demonstrate the potential utility of the OncoScan® assay as a robust clinical tool for guiding tumour therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-015-0079-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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27
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Effects of platycodin D on proliferation, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt signal pathway of human glioma U251 cells. Molecules 2014; 19:21411-23. [PMID: 25532840 PMCID: PMC6270900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of platycodin D (PD) on the proliferation, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway of human glioma U251 cells were investigated. Glioma U251 cells were treated with PD at final concentrations of 0, 16.3, 40.8, 81.6, 163.2 μM, and inhibition rate, early and late apoptotic rate, apoptotic index, expression of apoptosis-related proteins and phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were evaluated. The results showed that compared with the control group, PD could increase the proliferation inhibition rate of U251 cells in a dose- and time -dependent manner; PD could also elevate the early and late apoptotic rate, apoptotic index and the level of pro-apoptotic proteins of glioma U251 cells, such as Bax and cleaved caspase-3, but lower the level of apoptosis inhibitory protein, such as Bcl-2; PD could increase the ratio of G0/G1 phase U251 cells, and lower the proportion of Sphase U251 cells and the ratio of G2/M phase U251 cells; PD could reduce the ratio of p-Akt/Akt. The results indicate that PD can inhibit the proliferation, induce the apoptosis and cause the cell cycle arrest in human glioma U251 cells, which may be related to the inhibition of PD on the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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28
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Pérez-Tenorio G, Karlsson E, Stål O. Clinical value of isoform-specific detection and targeting of AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3 in breast cancer. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt.14.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Overactivation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is frequently reported in breast cancer, consequently inhibitors targeting this pathway are clinically useful. AKT constitutes a hub in the regulation of several cancer hallmarks, such as proliferation, survival and migration. Three AKT isoforms, named AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3, are identified in humans. AKT alterations, mainly upregulation of phosphorylated AKT in tumors may have prognostic and predictive value. Moreover, the AKT isoforms may possess partly divergent cellular functions and be upregulated in certain breast cancer subtypes, suggesting the importance of isoform-specific analyses. In conclusion, AKT isoform-specific detection and targeting in different tumor subtypes will hopefully result into a further developed personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizeh Pérez-Tenorio
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine & Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58185, Sweden
| | - Elin Karlsson
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine & Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58185, Sweden
| | - Olle Stål
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine & Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58185, Sweden
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29
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Iżykowska K, Zawada M, Nowicka K, Grabarczyk P, Kuss AW, Weissmann R, Busemann C, Ludwig WD, Schmidt CA, Przybylski GK. Submicroscopic genomic rearrangements change gene expression in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2014; 93:143-9. [PMID: 24649974 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To better understand the molecular pathogenesis of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL), we decided to search for those genetic alterations in T-LGL patients and MOTN-1 cell line (established from T-LGL patient) that have an impact on gene expression and as a result can influence cell biology. METHODS Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) analysis of the MOTN-1 cell line was performed as well as paired-end next-generation sequencing (NGS; Illumina HiSeq2000) of this cell line and one T-LGL patient. In addition, chosen 6q region was characterized in three T-LGL patients using high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (FT-CGH) and LM-PCR. Gene expression was studied by RNA sequencing (RNAseq; SOLID5500). RESULTS Rearrangements were detected within 1p and 2q in MOTN-1 affecting expression of FGR, ZEB2, and CASP8, and within 6q in MOTN-1 and one T-LGL patient affecting MAP3K5 and IFNGR1. Nineteen genes, among them FOXN3, RIN3, AKT1, PPP2R5C, were overexpressed as a result of an amplification in 14q in one T-LGL patient. Two novel fusion transcripts were identified: CASP8-ERBB4 in MOTN-1 and SBF1-PKHD1L1 in T-LGL patient. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that submicroscopic genomic rearrangements change gene expression in T-LGL. Several genes involved in rearrangements were previously linked to cancer and survival pattern that characterizes T-LGL cells.
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He F, Wu HN, Cai MY, Li CP, Zhang X, Wan Q, Tang SB, Cheng JD. Inhibition of ovarian cancer cell proliferation by Pien Tze Huang via the AKT-mTOR pathway. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:2047-2052. [PMID: 24932287 PMCID: PMC4049676 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-known Chinese medicine that has been used as a therapeutic drug in the treatment of a number of diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and colon cancer. However, few studies have analyzed the effects of PZH on ovarian cancer cell proliferation. In the present study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Transwell assays, cell cycle and apoptosis rate analyses and western blotting were conducted to investigate the effects of PZH on the proliferation rate of ovarian cancer cells and its potential molecular pathway. The results showed that PZH inhibits the proliferation of the human ovarian cancer OVCAR-3 cell line by blocking the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 to S phase, however, PZH did not induce OVCAR-3 cell apoptosis. Increased PZH concentration may downregulate the expression of AKT, phosphorylated (p)-AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-mTOR proteins in the OVCAR-3 cell line. In addition, it was observed that PZH may suppress the protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4 and CDK6. Overall, the results of the present study indicated that PZH may inhibit ovarian cancer cell proliferation by modulating the activity of the AKT-mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ni Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Yan Cai
- Department of Cancer Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Peng Li
- Department of Cancer Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Quan Wan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Bo Tang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ding Cheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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