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Shan Q, Wang X, Yang H, Zhu Y, Wang J, Yang G. Bacillus cereus CwpFM induces colonic tissue damage and inflammatory responses through oxidative stress and the NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173079. [PMID: 38735331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) from cow milk poses a threat to public health, causing food poisoning and gastrointestinal disorders in humans. We identified CwpFM, an enterotoxin from B. cereus, caused oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in mouse colon and colonic epithelial cells. Colon proteomics revealed that CwpFM elevated proteins associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Notably, CwpFM induced activation of the NLRP3/NF-κB signaling, but suppressed antioxidant NFE2L2/HO-1 expression in the intestine and epithelial cells. Consistently, CwpFM exposure led to cytotoxicity and ROS accumulation in Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further, NAC (ROS inhibitor) treatment abolished NLRP3/NF-κB activation due to CwpFM. Moreover, overexpression of Nfe2l2 or activation of NFE2L2 by NK-252 reduced ROS production and inhibited activation of the NLRP3/NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of NF-κB by ADPC and/or suppression of NLRP3 by MCC950 attenuated CwpFM-induced inflammatory responses in Caco-2 cells. Collectively, CwpFM induced oxidative stress and NLRP3/NF-κB activation by inhibiting the NFE2L2/HO-1 signaling and ROS accumulation, leading to the development of intestinal inflammation. Our data elucidate the role of oxidative stress and innate immunity in CwpFM enterotoxicity and contribute to developing diagnostic and therapeutic products for B. cereus-related food safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Guiyan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Plant-derived polyphenols in sow nutrition: An update. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:96-107. [PMID: 36632620 PMCID: PMC9823128 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a potentially critical factor that affects productive performance in gestating and lactating sows. Polyphenols are a large class of plant secondary metabolites that possess robust antioxidant capacity. All polyphenols are structurally characterized by aromatic rings with multiple hydrogen hydroxyl groups; those make polyphenols perfect hydrogen atoms and electron donors to neutralize free radicals and other reactive oxygen species. In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to polyphenols as functional feed additives for sows. Polyphenols have been found to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in sows, boost their reproductivity, and promote offspring growth and development. In this review, we provided a systematical summary of the latest research advances in plant-derived polyphenols in sow nutrition, and mainly focused on the effects of polyphenols on the (1) antioxidant and immune functions of sows, (2) placental functions and the growth and development of fetal piglets, (3) mammary gland functions and the growth and development of suckling piglets, and (4) the long-term growth and development of progeny pigs. The output of this review provides an important foundation, from more than 8,000 identified plant phenols, to screen potential polyphenols (or polyphenol-enriched plants) as functional feed additives suitable for gestating and lactating sows.
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Reiner G. Entzündungs- und Nekrosesyndrom des Schweins (SINS) – eine Übersicht. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 2022; 50:323-332. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1950-7975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungEntzündungen und Teilverluste des Schwanzes treten in hoher Frequenz auf und müssen bekämpft werden, wenn das Tierwohl beim Schwein verbessert werden soll. Dabei greift die alleinige Berücksichtigung des Schwanzbeißens zu kurz. Entzündungen und Nekrosen des Schwanzes treten regelmäßig auch ohne Zutun anderer Schweine auf. Der Nachweis entsprechender Veränderungen bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Geburt, das gehäuft synchrone Auftreten an so verschiedenen Körperlokalisationen wie Schwanz, Ohren, Zitzen, Klauen und anderen Partien, sowie der pathohistologische Nachweis Blutgefäß-assoziierter Veränderungen sprechen für eine primär endogene Ursache und ein Syndrom, auch wenn die Symptomatik mit Umweltfaktoren interagiert. Die Veränderungen können bei Saug- und Absatzferkeln sowie in der Mast beobachtet werden. Die Verbesserung der Umwelt kann zu erheblicher Reduktion von Entzündungen und Nekrosen führen. Gleichzeitig zeigen sich erhebliche genetische Effekte der Eber und Sauen. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel beleuchtet alle bislang bekannten Facetten von SINS (Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome) und gibt einen Einblick in die Eckpunkte der Pathogenese. Das Bewusstsein für ein neues und vom Schwanzbeißen abzugrenzendes Krankheitsbild soll einen Beitrag zu dessen Bekämpfung und somit zur Steigerung des Tierwohls beim Schwein leisten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Reiner
- Klinikum Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen
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4
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Scott MB, Styring AK, McCullagh JSO. Polyphenols: Bioavailability, Microbiome Interactions and Cellular Effects on Health in Humans and Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070770. [PMID: 35890016 PMCID: PMC9324685 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic compounds have a variety of functions in plants including protecting them from a range of abiotic and biotic stresses such as pathogenic infections, ionising radiation and as signalling molecules. They are common constituents of human and animal diets, undergoing extensive metabolism by gut microbiota in many cases prior to entering circulation. They are linked to a range of positive health effects, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and disease-specific activities but the relationships between polyphenol bio-transformation products and their interactions in vivo are less well understood. Here we review the state of knowledge in this area, specifically what happens to dietary polyphenols after ingestion and how this is linked to health effects in humans and animals; paying particular attention to farm animals and pigs. We focus on the chemical transformation of polyphenols after ingestion, through microbial transformation, conjugation, absorption, entry into circulation and uptake by cells and tissues, focusing on recent findings in relation to bone. We review what is known about how these processes affect polyphenol bioactivity, highlighting gaps in knowledge. The implications of extending the use of polyphenols to treat specific pathogenic infections and other illnesses is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B. Scott
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK;
| | - Amy K. Styring
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TG, UK;
| | - James S. O. McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK;
- Correspondence:
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5
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Chen J, Zhang Y, Lv Y, Tian M, You J, Chen F, Zhang S, Guan W. Effects of Selenomethionine on Cell Viability, Selenoprotein Expression and Antioxidant Function in Porcine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Front Nutr 2021; 8:665855. [PMID: 34381803 PMCID: PMC8349979 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.665855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of selenomethionine (Se-Met) on the cell viability, selenoprotein expression, and antioxidant function of porcine mammary epithelial cells (pMECs) to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of Se-Met on the lactation performance and antioxidant capacity of sows in vitro. The pMECs were used as an in vitro model and were treated with various concentrations of Se-Met (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 μM). Cells were analyzed for cell viability, selenoprotein transcriptome, selenoprotein expression, and antioxidant enzyme activities. The results showed that, with increasing Se-Met concentrations, cell viability first increased and then decreased at 24, 48, or 72 h posttreatment with maximum values at 0.5-μM Se-Met. As the Se-Met concentrations increased, the mRNA expression of 17 selenoproteins first upregulated and then downregulated, with maximum values at 0.5-μM Se-Met. The 17 selenoproteins included SEPHS2, SELENOP, GPX1, GPX2, GPX3, GPX6, TXNRD1, SELENOK, SELENOW, DIO1, DIO2, DIO3, SELENOF, SELENOS, SELENOH, SELENOI, and SELENOT. Additionally, the protein expression levels of SEPHS2, SELENOP, GPX1, and TXNRD1 and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin were highest at 0.5-μM Se-Met. In conclusion, 0.5-μM Se-Met promotes cell viability partially by improving selenoprotein expression and antioxidant function in pMECs, which provides evidence for the potential ability of Se-Met to improve mammary gland health in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yantao Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wutai Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Animal Science and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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Reiner G, Kuehling J, Loewenstein F, Lechner M, Becker S. Swine Inflammation and Necrosis Syndrome (SINS). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1670. [PMID: 34205208 PMCID: PMC8228460 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tail biting is a prevalent and undesirable behaviour in pigs and a major source of significant reduction in well-being. However, focusing on biting considers only one part of the solution, because tail damage can be found with a high prevalence without any action by other pigs. The lesions are not limited to the tail but can also be found in the ears, heels, soles, claw coronary bands, teats, navel, vulva, and face. Environmental improvement alone often fails to overcome the problem. This review addresses a new inflammation and necrosis syndrome in swine (SINS). It shows the clinical signs and the frequencies of occurrence in different age groups. It compiles scientific evidence from clinical and histopathological studies in newborn piglets that argue for a primary endogenous aetiology of the disease. Bringing together the findings of a broad body of research, the possible mechanisms leading to the disease are identified and then discussed. This part will especially focus on microbe-associated molecular patterns in the circulation and their role in activating defence mechanisms and inflammation. Finally, the methods are identified to ameliorate the problem by optimizing husbandry and selecting a suitable breeding stock.
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Grants
- 123 Tönnies Forschung, Rheda, Germany
- 456 Ministerium für Umwelt, Klimaschutz, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Hessen, Germa-ny
- 789 Ministerium für Umwelt, Klima, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Reiner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Josef Kuehling
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.K.); (S.B.)
| | | | | | - Sabrina Becker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinic for Swine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (J.K.); (S.B.)
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Trimboli F, Ragusa M, Piras C, Lopreiato V, Britti D. Outcomes from Experimental Testing of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Administration during the Transition Period of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101832. [PMID: 33050071 PMCID: PMC7601688 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of dairy cows with nonsteroidal drugs is applied experimentally to investigate the relevance of inflammation during the periparturient period. Despite appearing healthy, dairy cows throughout the transition period and mainly after parturition can develop a pro-inflammatory status that may negatively influence milk production and cows’ health. The administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been demonstrated to have both positive or negative effects on health and milk production, depending on the type of inhibition mechanism, the dose administered and the cows’ lactation numbers. At present, the safety and efficacy of NSAIDs have not been irrefutably demonstrated; therefore, their use to improve metabolic and inflammatory status, as well as milk production and cow health after parturition, should be carefully evaluated. Abstract During the transition period, dairy cows experience great physiological stress caused by changes in metabolism and in the immune and endocrine systems. A pro-inflammatory state is another difficulty faced by even apparently healthy animals. The most significant negative consequences of inflammation in dairy cows are substantial impairment of milk production and deleterious effects on cows’ health in extreme cases. Nonetheless, a certain degree of inflammation is necessary to sustain physiological adaptations. In recent years, many studies have attempted to determine whether the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in the transition period of dairy cows could positively affect milk production and cows’ health by controlling the inflammation status. This literature indicates that NSAIDs that act as preferential inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity show important side effects (e.g., increased risk of retained placenta, culling, or metritis) even if milk production is, on average, ameliorated. In contrast, preferential inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity have overall positive effects on cows’ health, with potential beneficial effects on milk production. Furthermore, it is important to note that with certain NSAID treatments, milk discarding is mandatory to prevent contamination with drug residues, but increased milk production can compensate for the loss of milk revenue during the withdrawal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Trimboli
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.T.); (C.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Cristian Piras
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.T.); (C.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.T.); (C.P.); (D.B.)
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8
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Ringseis R, Gessner DK, Eder K. The Gut-Liver Axis in the Control of Energy Metabolism and Food Intake in Animals. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2019; 8:295-319. [PMID: 31689373 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has convincingly demonstrated a bidirectional communication axis between the gut and liver that enables the gut microbiota to strongly affect animals' feeding behavior and energy metabolism. As such, the gut-liver axis enables the host to control and shape the gut microbiota and to protect the intestinal barrier. Gut microbiota-host communication is based on several gut-derived compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, methylamines, amino acid-derived metabolites, and microbial-associated molecular patterns, which act as communication signals, and multiple host receptors, which sense the signals, thereby stimulating signaling and metabolic pathways in all key tissues of energy metabolism and food intake regulation. Disturbance in the microbial ecosystem balance, or microbial dysbiosis, causes profound derangements in the regulation of appetite and satiety in the hypothalamic centers of the brain and in key metabolic pathways in peripheral tissues owing to intestinal barrier disruption and subsequent induction of hepatic and hypothalamic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Denise K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
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9
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Palombo V, Loor JJ, D'Andrea M, Vailati-Riboni M, Shahzad K, Krogh U, Theil PK. Transcriptional profiling of swine mammary gland during the transition from colostrogenesis to lactogenesis using RNA sequencing. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:322. [PMID: 29724161 PMCID: PMC5934875 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colostrum and milk are essential sources of antibodies and nutrients for the neonate, playing a key role in their survival and growth. Slight abnormalities in the timing of colostrogenesis/lactogenesis potentially threaten piglet survival. To further delineate the genes and transcription regulators implicated in the control of the transition from colostrogenesis to lactogenesis, we applied RNA-seq analysis of swine mammary gland tissue from late-gestation to farrowing. Three 2nd parity sows were used for mammary tissue biopsies on days 14, 10, 6 and 2 before (−) parturition and on day 1 after (+) parturition. A total of 15 mRNA libraries were sequenced on a HiSeq2500 (Illumina Inc.). The Dynamic Impact Approach and the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were used for pathway analysis and gene network analysis, respectively. Results A large number of differentially expressed genes were detected very close to parturition (−2d) and at farrowing (+ 1d). The results reflect the extraordinary metabolic changes in the swine mammary gland once it enters into the crucial phases of lactogenesis and underscore a strong transcriptional component in the control of colostrogenesis. There was marked upregulation of genes involved in synthesis of colostrum and main milk components (i.e. proteins, fat, lactose and antimicrobial factors) with a pivotal role of CSN1S2, LALBA, WAP, SAA2, and BTN1A1. The sustained activation of transcription regulators such as SREBP1 and XBP1 suggested they help coordinate these adaptations. Conclusions Overall, the precise timing for the transition from colostrogenesis to lactogenesis in swine mammary gland remains uncharacterized. However, our transcriptomic data support the hypothesis that the transition occurs before parturition. This is likely attributable to upregulation of a wide array of genes including those involved in ‘Protein and Carbohydrate Metabolism’, ‘Immune System’, ‘Lipid Metabolism’, ‘PPAR signaling pathway’ and ‘Prolactin signaling pathway’ along with the activation of transcription regulators controlling lipid synthesis and endoplasmic reticulum biogenesis and stress response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4719-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Palombo
- Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, via Francesco De Sanctis s.n.c, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - M D'Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, via Francesco De Sanctis s.n.c, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - M Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - K Shahzad
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - U Krogh
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - P K Theil
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Foulum, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark.
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Gessner DK, Ringseis R, Eder K. Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 101:605-628. [PMID: 27456323 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which have been shown to exert antioxidative and antiinflamma tory effects in cell culture, rodent and human studies. Based on the fact that conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation are highly relevant in farm animals, polyphenols are considered as promising feed additives in the nutrition of farm animals. However, in contrast to many studies existing with model animals and humans, potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects of polyphenols have been less investigated in farm animals so far. This review aims to give an overview about potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects in farm animals. The first part of the review highlights the occurrence and the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation on animal health and performance. The second part of the review deals with bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols in farm animals. The third and main part of the review presents an overview of the findings from studies which investigated the effects of polyphenols of various plant sources in pigs, poultry and cattle, with particular consideration of effects on the antioxidant system and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - R Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Gessner DK, Gröne B, Rosenbaum S, Most E, Hillen S, Becker S, Erhardt G, Reiner G, Ringseis R, Eder K. Effect of a negative energy balance induced by feed restriction on pro-inflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling pathways in the liver and skeletal muscle of lactating sows. Arch Anim Nutr 2016; 69:411-23. [PMID: 26305388 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2015.1075670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High-producing sows develop typical signs of an inflammatory condition and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver during lactation. At present, it is unknown whether a negative energy balance (NEB) is causative for this. Therefore, an experiment with lactating sows, which were either restricted in their feed intake to 82% of their energy requirement (Group FR) or were fed to meet their energy requirement (Control), was performed and the effect on ER stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and NOD-like receptor P3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signalling in the liver was evaluated. Relative mRNA concentrations of several genes involved in ER stress-induced UPR, NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome signalling were reduced in the liver of Group FR compared to the Control group. Plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and C-reactive protein were 13% and 37%, respectively, lower in Group FR than in the Control group, but these differences were not significant. In conclusion, feed restriction in lactating sows inhibits pro-inflammatory and ER stress signalling pathways in the liver, which suggests that not the NEB per se is causative for inflammation and ER stress induction in the liver of lactating sows. Rather it is likely that ER stress during lactation is the consequence of the presence of potent pro-inflammatory and ER stress-inducing stimuli, such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species and microbial components, which enter the circulation as a result of infectious diseases that frequently occur in sows after farrowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K Gessner
- a Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology , Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen , Giessen , Germany
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12
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Gessner DK, Gröne B, Couturier A, Rosenbaum S, Hillen S, Becker S, Erhardt G, Reiner G, Ringseis R, Eder K. Dietary Fish Oil Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory and ER Stress Signalling Pathways in the Liver of Sows during Lactation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137684. [PMID: 26351857 PMCID: PMC4564272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactating sows have been shown to develop typical signs of an inflammatory condition in the liver during the transition from pregnancy to lactation. Hepatic inflammation is considered critical due to the induction of an acute phase response and the activation of stress signaling pathways like the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced unfolded protein response (UPR), both of which impair animal's health and performance. Whether ER stress-induced UPR is also activated in the liver of lactating sows and whether dietary fish oil as a source of anti-inflammatory effects n-3 PUFA is able to attenuate hepatic inflammation and ER stress-induced UPR in the liver of sows is currently unknown. Based on this, two experiments with lactating sows were performed. The first experiment revealed that ER stress-induced UPR occurs also in the liver of sows during lactation. This was evident from the up-regulation of a set of genes regulated by the UPR and numerically increased phosphorylation of the ER stress-transducer PERK and PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α and IκB. The second experiment showed that fish oil inhibits ER stress-induced UPR in the liver of lactating sows. This was demonstrated by decreased mRNA levels of a number of UPR-regulated genes and reduced phosphorylation of PERK and PERK-mediated phosphorylation of eIF2α and IκB in the liver of the fish oil group. The mRNA levels of various nuclear factor-κB-regulated genes encoding inflammatory mediators and acute phase proteins in the liver of lactating sows were also reduced in the fish oil group. In line with this, the plasma levels of acute phase proteins were reduced in the fish oil group, although differences to the control group were not significant. In conclusion, ER stress-induced UPR is present in the liver of lactating sows and fish oil is able to inhibit inflammatory signaling pathways and ER stress-induced UPR in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Birthe Gröne
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Aline Couturier
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susann Rosenbaum
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sonja Hillen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Becker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Georg Erhardt
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Ludwigstrasse 21b, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reiner
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Swine Diseases, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Frankfurter Strasse 112, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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13
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Bradford BJ, Yuan K, Farney JK, Mamedova LK, Carpenter AJ. Invited review: Inflammation during the transition to lactation: New adventures with an old flame. J Dairy Sci 2015. [PMID: 26210279 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-9683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For dairy cattle, the first several weeks of lactation represent the highest-risk period in their lives after their own neonatal period. Although more than 50% of cows during this period are estimated to suffer from at least one subclinical disorder, the complicated admixture of normal adaptations to lactation, infectious challenges, and metabolic disorders has made it difficult to determine which physiological processes are adaptive and which are pathological during this time. Subacute inflammation, a condition that has been well documented in obesity, has been a subject of great interest among dairy cattle physiologists in the past decade. Many studies have now clearly shown that essentially all cows experience some degree of systemic inflammation in the several days after parturition. The magnitude and likely persistence of the inflammatory state varies widely among cows, and several studies have linked the degree of postpartum inflammation to increased disease risk and decreased whole-lactation milk production. In addition to these associations, enhancing postpartum inflammation with repeated subacute administration of cytokines has impaired productivity and markers of health, whereas targeted use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during this window of time has enhanced whole-lactation productivity in several studies. Despite these findings, many questions remain about postpartum inflammation, including which organs are key initiators of this state and what signaling molecules are responsible for systemic and tissue-specific inflammatory states. Continued in vivo work should help clarify the degree to which mild postpartum inflammation is adaptive and whether the targeted use of anti-inflammatory drugs or nutrients can improve the health and productivity of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
| | - K Yuan
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - J K Farney
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - L K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
| | - A J Carpenter
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506
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14
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Acar N, Soylu H, Edizer I, Ozbey O, Er H, Akkoyunlu G, Gemici B, Ustunel I. Expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) proteins in healthy and pathologic placentas of human and rat. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:1289-300. [PMID: 25171874 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A relationship has been shown between preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and oxidative stress (OS). Since such pregnancies experience OS, we aimed to detect the distribution pattern and expression levels of a transcription factor, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) that has a role in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) an antioxidant enzyme, in human healthy, IUGR, PE and in groups of rat healthy and IUGR placentas using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Both Nrf2 and Prdx6 immunoreactivities were weaker in human and rat IUGR group placentas compared to human and rat control group placentas, respectively. Nrf2 and Prdx6 were immunostained in labyrinth trophoblasts, decidua, giant, glycogen and fetal vessel endothelial cells in rat control and IUGR group placentas. Nrf2 and Prdx6 immunoreactivities were seen in the decidua, syncytiotrophoblasts, villous stromal cells, and vascular endothelium in human control, IUGR and PE group placentas. Results of Nrf2 and Prdx6 Western blotting applied for rat and human placentas were compatible with the results of Nrf2 and Prdx6 immunohistochemical observations with regard to rat and human placentas. Down-regulation of Nrf2 and Prdx6 proteins in human and rat IUGR group placentas may have led to the formation of OS which may have impaired proliferation and invasion of cytotrophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Acar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Soylu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Imren Edizer
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozbey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Er
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akkoyunlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Burcu Gemici
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ustunel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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15
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4-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol Confers Neuroprotection Through Up-Regulation of Antioxidant Protein Expression. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1501-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1052-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Protective effects of polydatin on septic lung injury in mice via upregulation of HO-1. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:354087. [PMID: 23431240 PMCID: PMC3570923 DOI: 10.1155/2013/354087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the effects and mechanisms of polydatin (PD) in septic mice. The model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP-)induced sepsis was employed. Pretreatment of mice with PD (15, 45, and 100 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced sepsis-induced mortality and lung injury, as indicated by alleviated lung pathological changes and infiltration of proteins and leukocytes. In addition, PD inhibited CLP-induced serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production, lung cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoform (iNOS) protein expressions and NF-κB activation. Notably, PD upregulated the expression and activity of heme oxygenase (HO-)1 in lung tissue of septic mice. Further, the protective effects of PD on sepsis were abrogated by ZnPP IX, a specific HO-1 inhibitor. These findings indicated that PD might be an effective antisepsis drug.
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