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Jamrógiewicz M, Bray A, Gołuński G, Bełdzińska P, Zakrzewski M. Photodegradation of indomethacin and naproxen contained within commercial products for skin - RAP. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116201. [PMID: 38788621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Patient can be exposed to the photodegradation products of a drug after skin application of topical formulations. NSAIDs, with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, are known for the potential photoinstability, and are applied often in the form of creams, gels or liquids, commonly used among athletes, elderly people, geriatric patients and patients treated with multidrug therapies. Susceptibility to photodegradation hazard of those group arises the need for development of a new approach, with the ability to evaluate the patient safety. We planned to use a rapid assessment procedure (RAP) of safety by testing the photostability of popular skin medicinal products. This method, proposed many years ago by WHO, is now reintroduced to analytical applications in industry, when emergency drugs (e.g. for Covid) are implemented to the market in accelerated procedures. In the health care system, qualitative evaluation of drugs is extremely valuable, therefore we have planned to identify photodegradation using the FTIR method - infrared spectroscopy and DSC - differential scanning calorimetry, whilst the risk of formation of genotoxic products using the Ames test. We have successfully demonstrated that changes in the chemical structure and physical form of both pure APIs and drug products containing the API be assessed in a short time. Another advantage of our work is the combination of the developed results from FTIR/NIR spectra with statistical analysis. As a result, full and quick qualitative assessment of the effects of photoexposure of selected NSAIDs is performed, fortunately showing no mutagenicity. Due to the popularity of NSAIDs applied to the skin, a gel containing naproxen and spray with indomethacin were selected for testing. The analysis carried out for various formulations of both preparations allows us to demonstrate the universality of the applied RAP methods in assessing the risk of hazard to the patient, thus we present research results that expand or widen the knowledge and assessment of risks related to the use of drugs on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Jamrógiewicz
- Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, 80-416 Gdansk, Al. Gen, Hallera 107, Poland.
| | - Adam Bray
- Medical University of Gdansk, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physical Chemistry, 80-416 Gdansk, Al. Gen, Hallera 107, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Gołuński
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, Gdansk 80-822, Poland
| | - Patrycja Bełdzińska
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, Gdansk 80-822, Poland
| | - Marcin Zakrzewski
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Abrahama 58, Gdansk 80-822, Poland
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2
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Gackowski M, Osmałek T, Froelich A, Otto F, Schneider R, Lulek J. Phototoxic or Photoprotective?-Advances and Limitations of Titanium (IV) Oxide in Dermal Formulations-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098159. [PMID: 37175865 PMCID: PMC10179435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread role of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) in many industries makes this substance of broad scientific interest. TiO2 can act as both a photoprotector and photocatalyst, and the potential for its role in both applications increases when present in nanometer-sized crystals. Its sunlight-scattering properties are used extensively in sunscreens. Furthermore, attempts have been made to incorporate TiO2 into dermal formulations of photolabile drugs. However, the propensity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) rendering this material potentially cytotoxic limits its role. Therefore, modifications of TiO2 nanoparticles (e.g., its polymorphic form, size, shape, and surface modifications) are used in an effort to reduce its photocatalytic effects. This review provides an overview of the potential risks arising from and opportunities presented by the use of TiO2 in skin care formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gackowski
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Osmałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Filip Otto
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Janina Lulek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Grunwaldzka Street, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
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3
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Li LP, Jin YC, Fang L, Zhang C. Direct photolysis of diclofenac under simulated sunlight: Transformation pathway and biological concerns. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135775. [PMID: 35868525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Topical diclofenac gels are frequently applied on human skin and, consequently are exposed to sunlight during outdoor activities. The degradation of diclofenac (DCF) with sunlight exposure is known to occur but the detailed transformation characteristics and biological concerns have not been comprehensively investigated. In the present work, the transformation products during diclofenac photolysis were identified with the aid of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TripleTOF). Biological concerns, including microtoxicity, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiestrogenicity were examined with multiple in-vitro bioassays. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to obtain further insight into the contributions of photolysis products to overall biological concerns. The results demonstrated that diclofenac was readily degraded under sunlight to form five main photolysis products via substitution, dechlorination, dehydroxylation, homodimerization and heterodimerization. Products P1, P2 and P5 were reported previously, while two dimer products (P3 and P4) are innovative products and have not been found in prior studies. A significant elevation in the microtoxicity was found during the photolysis of diclofenac, resulting mainly from the carbazole-containing photolysis products P2, P3, P4 and P5. Genotoxicity and antiestrogenicity declined along with the reduction of diclofenac, indicating that no photolysis products were genotoxic or anti-estrogenic. Modest cytotoxicity to the human skin epidermis cell line was observed and attributed to the formation of intermediate species. This outcome highlighted the biological concerns of diclofenac to human health when exposed to sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China.
| | - Yan-Chao Jin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Le Fang
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
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4
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Bajkacz S, Adamczewska P, Kokoszka K, Kycia-Słocka E, Sochacki A, Felis E. Supramolecular Solvent-Based Microextraction of Selected Anticonvulsant and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Sediment Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235671. [PMID: 33271858 PMCID: PMC7729498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the production and consumption of pharmaceuticals increases their presence in the global environment, which may result in direct threats to living organisms. For this reason, there is a need for new methods to analyze drugs in environmental samples. Here, a new procedure for separating and determining selected drugs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and carbamazepine) from bottom sediment and water samples was developed. Drugs were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with an ultraviolet detector (UHPLC-UV). In this work, a universal and single-step sample treatment, based on supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS), was proposed to isolate selected anticonvulsants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from sediment samples. The following parameters were experimentally selected: composition of the supramolecular solvent (composition THF:H2O (v/v), amount of decanoic acid), volume of extractant, sample mass, extraction time, centrifugation time, and centrifugation speed. Finally, the developed procedure was validated. A Speedisk procedure was also developed to extract selected drugs from water samples. The recovery of analytes using the SUPRAS procedure was in the range of 88.8-115%, while the recoveries of the Speedisk solid-phase extraction procedure ranged from 81.0-106%. The effectiveness of the sorption of the tested drugs by sediment was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Bajkacz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.A.); (K.K.); (E.K.-S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paulina Adamczewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.A.); (K.K.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Klaudia Kokoszka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.A.); (K.K.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Elżbieta Kycia-Słocka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 6 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (P.A.); (K.K.); (E.K.-S.)
| | - Adam Sochacki
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.S.); (E.F.)
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ewa Felis
- Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Power and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.S.); (E.F.)
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5
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Maldarine JS, Sanches BDA, Cabral ÁS, Lima MLD, Guerra LHA, Baraldi CMB, Calmon MF, Rahal P, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Prenatal exposure to finasteride promotes sex-specific changes in gerbil prostate development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1719-1729. [PMID: 31248476 DOI: 10.1071/rd19106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Finasteride is a drug that is widely used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, hair loss and even as a chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of prostatic adenocarcinoma. However, its use is known to cause several side effects in adults and it can also cause changes in the embryonic development of the male prostate, which is a cause for concern given the possibility of the accumulation of finasteride in the environment. Nevertheless, no studies have investigated the effects of finasteride on the development of the prostate in females, which occurs in several species of mammals. To evaluate the effects of intrauterine exposure to finasteride (500μgkg-1 day-1) on postnatal prostate development in the Mongolian gerbil in the present study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, serological analysis and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques. Differences were observed in the effects of finasteride on periductal smooth muscle and cell proliferation between the sexes, as well as intersex differences in the presence of the androgen receptor, which was elevated in males, and the oestrogen receptor ERα, which was increased in females. Together, the data indicate that the female prostate has its own hormone dynamics and that there are sex-specific differences in the way in which the female prostate reacts to prenatal exposure to finasteride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Avenue, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Avenue, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ágata S Cabral
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria L D Lima
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz H A Guerra
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina M B Baraldi
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília F Calmon
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russel Avenue, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; and Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Cristóvão Colombo Street, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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6
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Maldarine JS, Sanches BDA, Santos VA, Cabral ÁS, Lima MLD, Bedolo CM, Calmon MF, Rahal P, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Postnatal exposure to finasteride causes different effects on the prostate of male and female gerbils. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1341-1352. [PMID: 32100915 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of prostate function depend on a fine balance between oestrogen and androgen levels. Finasteride inhibits 5α-reductase, which is responsible for the conversion of testosterone into its most active form, dihydrotestosterone. Enzymes that metabolize these hormones have a highly relevant role in both the normal prostate metabolism and in the occurrence of pathological conditions. There are few studies on the impact of finasteride on male prostate development and fewer studies on the female prostate and possible intersexual differences. Therefore, we treated male and female gerbils from 7 to 14 days in postnatal life with a high dose of finasteride (500 μg/kg/day); the prostate complexes were then removed and submitted to immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and three-dimensional reconstruction. In addition, hormonal serum dosages were administered. Treatment with finasteride resulted in an increased thickness of the periductal smooth musculature in the prostate of both male and female gerbils, such as well as a reduction in the thickness of developing prostate alveoli in both sexes. In addition, intersexual differences were observed as increased epithelial proliferation and decreases in the number of developing alveoli in females. Together, the data indicate that postnatal exposure to finasteride causes greater changes in the female gerbil prostate than in the male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand RusseLl Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand RusseLl Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória A Santos
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Ágata S Cabral
- Laboratory of Genome Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Maria L D Lima
- Laboratory of Genome Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Bedolo
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Marília F Calmon
- Laboratory of Genome Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratory of Genome Studies, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand RusseLl Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Cristóvão Colombo, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, 2265, Brazil
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7
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Maldarine JS, Sanches BDA, Santos VA, Amaro GM, Calmon MF, Rahal P, Góes RM, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Low-dose in utero exposure to finasteride promotes developmental changes in both male and female gerbil prostates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:15-26. [PMID: 31454150 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The prostate is an accessory reproductive gland that is sensitive to the action of exogenous compounds known as endocrine disrupters that alter normal hormonal function. Finasteride is a widely used chemical that acts to inhibit the conversion of testosterone in its most active form, dihydrotestosterone. It is known that intrauterine exposure to finasteride causes changes in the male prostate even at low dosages; however, it is not known whether these dosages are capable of causing changes in the female prostate, which is present in a large number of mammalian species, including humans. In the present study, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, serological dosages, and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of intrauterine exposure to a low dose of finasteride (100 μg.BW/d) on postnatal prostate development in male and female Mongolian gerbils. The results indicate that the gerbil female prostate also undergoes alterations following intrauterine exposure to finasteride, exhibiting a thickening of periductal smooth muscle and increased stromal proliferation. There are also intersex differences in the impact of exposure on the expression of the androgen receptor, which was increased in males, and of the estrogen-α receptor, which was decreased in the male prostate but unchanged in females. Altogether, this study indicates there are sex differences in the effects of finasteride exposure even at low dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitória A Santos
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Amaro
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília F Calmon
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Genome Studies, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, São Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Kryczyk-Poprawa A, Kwiecień A, Opoka W. Photostability of Topical Agents Applied to the Skin: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010010. [PMID: 31861803 PMCID: PMC7023431 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical treatment modalities have multiple advantages starting with the convenient application and non-invasive treatment and ending with the reduction of the risk of the systemic side effects. Active pharmaceutical substances must reach the desired concentration at the target site in order to produce a particular therapeutic effect. In contrast to other dosage forms topical agents applied to the skin may also be susceptible to photodegradation after application. That is why the knowledge of the susceptibility of these topical drugs to UV irradiation, which may contribute to their degradation or changes in chemical structure, is very important. Active pharmaceutical substances used in dermatology may differ both in chemical structure and photostability. Furthermore, various factors-such as light intensity and wavelength, pH, temperature, concentration-can influence the photodegradation process, which is reflected in particular in kinetics of photodegradation of active pharmaceutical substances as well as both the quantitative and qualitative composition of by-products. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the photostability of dermatological drugs, as well as of other substances commonly applied topically. The photostability of glucocorticosteroids, retinoids, and antifungal drugs as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs applied topically and selected UV-filters have been discussed. Furthermore, the impact of photoinstability on the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and some photostabilization strategies have been also included.
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9
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Regmi C, Maya-Flores E, Lee SW, Rodríguez-González V. Cerium-doped β-Ni(OH) 2 hexagon nanosheets: an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of the emerging water pollutant, naproxen. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:375603. [PMID: 29926806 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aace14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nickel hydroxide β-Ni(OH)2 hexagonal nanosheets were synthetized via a hydrothermal exfoliation process. The practical microwave-assisted hydrothermal method facilitated obtaining layered nickel 3D nanoplates with cerium functionalization in 5 h. The as-produced nanostructures were characterized by XRD, XPS, FESEM, FTIR, PL, UV-vis, and BET techniques. The hydroxilated structures are nano-thick hexagonal plates with sides 28 nm in length and an average thickness of 5 nm. UV and PL irradiation was used to study the photoactive properties in the degradation of a pharmaceutical emerging pollutant, naproxen. UV-vis spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography monitoring indicated that the Ni(OH)2-Ce nanostructures are an effective photocatalyst for naproxen degradation, including 40% mineralization of this highly recalcitrant drug. The photocatalyst showed stability for two consecutive cycles, preserving its photoactive and structural characteristics. Ce3+-doped nanoplates and surface functionalized Ce4+ act as charge separators and scavenging agents for the enhanced photodegradation of naproxen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Regmi
- Department of Environmental and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea
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10
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Reis RHD, Paula FR, Machado MM, Duarte JA, Oliveira LFSD, Paim CS, Malesuik MD. Stability Study of Finasteride: Stability-Indicating LC Method, In Silico and LC-ESI-MS Analysis of Major Degradation Product, and an In Vitro Biological Safety Study. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:531-540. [PMID: 29635452 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Stability studies of the pharmaceutically important compound finasteride were conducted in order to evaluate decomposition of the drug under forced degradation conditions. A simple stability-indicating liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the evaluation of finasteride and degradation products formed in pharmaceutical preparations and the raw material. Isocratic LC separation was achieved on a C18 column using a mobile phase of o-phosphoric acid (0.1% v/v), adjusted to pH 2.8 with triethylamine (10% v/v) and acetonitrile (52:48 v/v), with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. The alkaline degradation kinetics of the drug were also evaluated and could be best described as second-order kinetics under the experimental conditions applied for the tablets and raw material. Based on in silico studies and molecular weight confirmation, a comprehensive degradation pathway for the drug and the identity of its major product could be suggested without complicated isolation or purification processes. Furthermore, a biological safety study was performed to evaluate the effect of the degraded sample in relation to the intact molecule. The results showed that the degraded sample affected the cell proliferation. Therefore, these studies show that special care must be taken during the manipulation, manufacture and storage of this pharmaceutical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fávero Reisdorfer Paula
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Michel Mansur Machado
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Jonathaline Apollo Duarte
- Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Luís Flávio Souza de Oliveira
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Clésio Soldateli Paim
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Donadel Malesuik
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, UNIPAMPA, Uruguaiana, RS, Brazil
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Suzuki H, Yakushiji K, Matsunaga S, Yamauchi Y, Seto Y, Sato H, Onoue S. Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Meloxicam Enhanced Oral Absorption in Rats With Impaired Gastric Motility. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:446-452. [PMID: 28551427 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Meloxicam (MEL) shows a slow onset of action in severe pain patients on account of delayed gastric motility. This study aimed to develop an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of MEL to achieve rapid oral absorption in severe pain patients. ASD formulations of MEL with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (ASD-MEL/HPMC) and polyacrylates and polymethacrylates (ASD-MEL/EUD) were prepared and physicochemically characterized. Oral absorption behavior of MEL samples was also clarified in both normal and propantheline (PPT)-pretreated rats with impaired gastric motility. MEL in the formulations was amorphous, and ASD formulations of MEL exhibited high dissolution behavior in acidic solution. After oral administration of crystalline MEL (1 mg-MEL/kg), a 69% reduction in AUC0-4 was observed between normal and PPT-pretreated rats. For orally dosed ASD-MEL/HPMC (1 mg-MEL/kg), there were approximately 9- and 12-fold increases of AUC0-4 in normal and PPT-pretreated rats, respectively, in comparison with crystalline MEL (1 mg-MEL/kg). However, the oral absorption behavior of ASD-MEL/EUD (1 mg-MEL/kg) was low and similar to that of crystalline MEL. The infrared spectroscopic study revealed potent interactions between MEL and EUD, possibly leading to marked attenuation of MEL absorption. This ASD approach might provide rapid oral absorption of MEL in severe pain patients, possibly leading to better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yakushiji
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Matsunaga
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physical Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Seto
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Kryczyk A, Żmudzki P, Hubicka U. Determination of itraconazole and its photodegradation products with kinetic evaluation by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1733-1743. [PMID: 27116708 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A simple and reproducible UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of itraconazole (ITZ) and its photodegradation products formed during exposure to UV-A radiation was developed. Chromatographic separations were carried out using an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm particle size). The column was maintained at 40°C, and eluted under gradient conditions from 100% to 50% of eluent A over 13 min, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min-1 . Eluent A was 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water; eluent B was 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile. The linear regression analysis for the calibration curve showed a good linear correlation over the concentration range 0.0066-0.15 mg mL-1 with determination coefficient > 0.99. The activities of some photocatalysts during degradation process of ITZ were compared. It was found that indirect photodegradation of ITZ was more effective than direct photolysis. Under our experimental conditions the photodegradation rate constant depended on the applied catalysts with catalytic activity decreasing in the following pattern: FeCl3 > TiO2 /FeCl3 > TiO2 . The kinetic analysis of the photodegradation data revealed that the degradation of the ITZ follows first-order kinetics. The photodegradation products of ITZ were identified, and their fragmentation pathways, derived from MS/MS data, were proposed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kryczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Hubicka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Zagrodnik R, Laniecki M. An unexpected negative influence of light intensity on hydrogen production by dark fermentative bacteria Clostridium beijerinckii. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 200:1039-1043. [PMID: 26602144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of light intensity on biohydrogen production from glucose by Clostridium beijerinckii, Clostridium acetobutylicum, and Rhodobacter sphaeroides was studied to evaluate the performance and possible application in co-culture fermentation system. The applied source of light had spectrum similar to the solar radiation. The influence of light intensity on hydrogen production in dark process by C. acetobutylicum was negligible. In contrast, dark fermentation by C. beijerinckii bacteria showed a significant decrease (83%) in produced hydrogen at light intensity of 540W/m(2). Here, the redirection of metabolism from acetic and butyric acid formation towards lactic acid was observed. This not yet reported effect was probably caused by irradiation of these bacteria by light within UVA range, which is an important component of the solar radiation. The excessive illumination with light of intensity higher than 200W/m(2) resulted in decrease in hydrogen production with photofermentative bacteria as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zagrodnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89 b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - M Laniecki
- Faculty of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89 b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Structural and optical features of ureasiloxane–polyethylene oxide hybrids containing CeO2 nanoparticles. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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