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Takahashi A, Tachikawa H, Takayashiki A, Maeno T, Shiratori Y, Matsuzaki A, Arai T. Crisis-management, Anti-stigma, and Mental Health Literacy Program for University Students (CAMPUS): A preliminary evaluation of suicide prevention. F1000Res 2023; 11:498. [PMID: 37576384 PMCID: PMC10422051 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.111002.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: University students have specific risk factors for suicide, necessitating targeted prevention programs. This preliminary study evaluated the efficacy of the Crisis-management, Anti-stigma, Mental health literacy Program for University Students (CAMPUS) for reduction of risk factors and promotion of preventative behaviors. Methods: A total of 136 medical students attended the CAMPUS as a required course at the national university in Japan. The CAMPUS consisted of a lecture and two group sessions covering mental health literacy, self-stigma, and gatekeeper efficacy (e.g., identifying and helping at-risk individuals). The students were asked to role-play based on a movie about gatekeepers and scripts about self-stigma and suicide-related issues. Participants completed questionnaires on suicidal thoughts, depression, help-seeking intentions, self-efficacy as gatekeepers, self-concealment, and self-acceptance. A total of 121 students completed the questionnaires pre- and post-program, and 107 students also responded six months later. Results: Students demonstrated significantly reduced overall suicide thoughts six months post-program compared to before the program. In addition, gatekeeper self-efficacy, help-seeking intentions for formal resources, and self-acceptance were improved in the students six month after the program. Conclusions: The CAMPUS suggested effective at reducing suicidal people and promoting preventative psychological tendencies among medial students. This study was a one-group pre post design study without control group. The CAMPUS program was delivered as a mandatory requirement to a group with relatively low suicide risk. Further studies are required to assess its suitability for the general university student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asumi Takahashi
- School of Welfare, Hokusei Gakuen University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | - Takami Maeno
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiratori
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asaki Matsuzaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Setiyawati D, Jatmika WN, Puspakesuma N, Retnowati S, Colucci E. Suicide first aid guidelines for Indonesia: a Delphi consensus study. J Ment Health 2022; 31:410-431. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.2022632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Setiyawati
- Center for Public Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wulan Nur Jatmika
- Center for Public Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nabila Puspakesuma
- Center for Public Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Retnowati
- Center for Public Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Erminia Colucci
- Department of Psychology, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University London, London, UK
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Li W, Jorm AF, Wang Y, Lu S, He Y, Reavley NJ. Development of Chinese mental health first aid guidelines for problem drinking: a Delphi expert consensus study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:254. [PMID: 34001047 PMCID: PMC8127318 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders have become the second leading cause of death for mental and substance use disorders in China. However, with early diagnosis and timely treatment, the burden can be mitigated. Family and friends of a person with alcohol use problems are well placed to recognize the signs, encourage professional help-seeking and help the person until treatment is received. We aimed to use the Delphi consensus methodology to develop guidelines about how members of the public can provide this "mental health first aid" to someone with problem drinking in China. METHODS A Chinese-language questionnaire was developed, comprising statements that were endorsed for inclusion in the English-language problem drinking first aid guidelines for high-income countries. Participants were also encouraged to suggest new statements. These statements were evaluated by two Chinese expert panels - a professional panel and a lived experience panel - on how important they believed each statement was for members of the public providing mental health first aid to a person with problem drinking in China. Three survey rounds were conducted. To be included in the final guidelines, statements had to receive a "very important" or "important" rating from at least 80% of participants from each of the panels. RESULTS The majority of statements were rated in the first survey round by 30 mental health professionals and 25 lived experience panel members. One hundred and eighty-one statements met the inclusion criteria and were used to form the guidelines. Compared to the English-language guidelines, the importance of family involvement and mutual support were highlighted by both Chinese expert panels, while a number of statements relating to low-risk drinking were rejected by the lived experience panel. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese-language problem drinking first aid guidelines cover a variety of first aid strategies that members of the public can use when providing initial help to a person with problem drinking, such as how to communicate with the person and what to do if the person is intoxicated. These guidelines will be used as a stand-alone document will also inform the content of Mental Health First Aid training in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
| | - Anthony F. Jorm
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- grid.415630.50000 0004 1782 6212Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Shurong Lu
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XThe Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria Australia ,grid.410734.5Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling He
- grid.415630.50000 0004 1782 6212Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicola J. Reavley
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
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Li W, Jorm AF, Wang Y, Lu S, He Y, Reavley N. Development of Chinese mental health first aid guidelines for psychosis: a Delphi expert consensus study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:443. [PMID: 32912167 PMCID: PMC7488132 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02840-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family and friends of a person developing a mental illness or in a mental health crisis can help the person until treatment is received or the crisis resolves. Guidelines for providing this 'mental health first aid' have been developed and disseminated in high-income countries. However, they may not be appropriate for use in China due to cultural and health care system differences. The aim of this study was to use the Delphi expert consensus method to develop culturally appropriate guidelines for a member of the public providing mental health first aid to someone with psychosis in mainland China. METHODS A Chinese-language survey, comprising statements about how to provide mental health first aid to a person with psychosis, was developed. This was based on the endorsed items from the first round of the English-language questionnaire for high-income countries. These statements were rated by two expert panels from mainland China - a mental health professional panel (N = 31) and a lived experience panel (N = 41) - on how important they believed each statement was for a member of the public providing first aid to a person with psychosis in China. There were three Delphi rounds, with experts able to suggest additional items in Round 1. Items had to have at least 80% endorsement from both panels for inclusion. RESULTS Out of 208 statements, 207 were endorsed for inclusion in the Chinese-language guidelines. Eight new statements were also included. Compared to the English-language guidelines, the importance of family involvement was emphasized in the development of the Chinese-language guidelines. CONCLUSIONS While many of the actions in the English-language guidelines were endorsed by Chinese participants, a number of additional items point to the importance of developing culturally appropriate mental health first aid guidelines. These guidelines will form the basis for the development of Chinese Mental Health First Aid course aiming at training members of the public on how to provide first aid to someone with a mental health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
| | - Anthony F. Jorm
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
| | - Yan Wang
- grid.415630.50000 0004 1782 6212Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Shurong Lu
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XThe Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Yanling He
- grid.415630.50000 0004 1782 6212Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicola Reavley
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XCentre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
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An S, Cruwys T, Lee H, Chang MXL. Cultural Differences in Reactions to Suicidal Ideation: A Mixed Methods Comparison of Korea and Australia. Arch Suicide Res 2020; 24:415-434. [PMID: 31159683 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2019.1624668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence for cultural differences in mental health symptoms and help-seeking, but no past research has explored cultural differences in how people react to suicidal ideation communicated by others. Layperson reactions are critical, because the majority of people who experience suicidal ideation disclose to friends or family. Participants were 506 people aged 17-65 recruited from Australia and Korea who completed an experiment in which they responded to a friend who was experiencing either subclinical distress or suicidal ideation. Korean participants did not differentiate between the subclinical and suicidal targets, whereas Australian participants showed more concern for the suicidal target. For both targets, Korean participants were more likely to recommend passive coping strategies ("Time will solve everything" or "Cheer up"), while Australian participants were more likely to recommend active coping strategies ("Let's talk" or "See a doctor"). This study provides the first evidence of cultural differences in the way people typically respond to disclosures of suicidal ideation, and suggests that unhelpful and inappropriate recommendations are commonplace.
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Kashihara J, Sakamoto S. Exploring perceived costs and benefits of first aid for youth with depression: a qualitative study of Japanese undergraduates. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:34. [PMID: 32489419 PMCID: PMC7247138 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early interventions for depression among youth are greatly needed. Although Youth Mental Health First Aid (YMHFA) program has been developed to teach the public how to help young people with mental disorders, including depression, it has assumed human altruism and overlooked the possibility that participants would experience conflict between the costs and benefits of helping behaviors. The present qualitative study, therefore, initially explored content of the costs and benefits perceived by youth in terms of helping their peers with depression. METHODS A total of 56 Japanese undergraduates (32 female, 24 male; M age = 20.20, SD = 1.09) participated in the face-to-face survey. They were provided with basic knowledge about helping behaviors and were presented with a vignette describing an undergraduate with depression. Then, they left free descriptive comments on their views of the costs/benefits of helping/not helping the person in the vignette. As supplemental quantitative analyses, we statistically compared numbers of labels (n = 624), which were obtained from participants' comments, across two (costs/benefits) × two (helping/not helping) domains. Finally, we conducted a qualitative content analysis that combined inductive and deductive methods to categorize these labels. RESULTS The supplemental quantitative analyses (i.e., ANOVA and post hoc analyses) on the numbers of labels highlighted that the participants perceived suppressors (i.e., costs of helping, benefits of not helping) as well as motivators (i.e., costs of not helping) in making decision to help peers with depression. The qualitative content analysis mainly showed that: (i) the categories in each domain covered multiple facets of costs and benefits, including negative/positive effects on the participants themselves, the person in the vignette, and interpersonal relationships; and that (ii) the participants perceived the conflicts of costs and benefits regardless of whether they help their peers with depression. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for how young people experience the conflicts between the costs and benefits of helping behaviors toward their peers with depression and reveal specific content of these costs and benefits. These findings could serve as a basis for extending YMHFA programs and designing educational content to promote public helping behaviors in realistic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kashihara
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550 Japan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 235 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083 Japan
- Present Address: Faculty of Sociology, Toyo University, 5-28-20 Hakusan, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8606 Japan
| | - Shinji Sakamoto
- College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, 3-25-40 Sakurajosui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8550 Japan
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Jorm AF, Ross AM. Guidelines for the public on how to provide mental health first aid: narrative review. BJPsych Open 2018; 4:427-440. [PMID: 30450221 PMCID: PMC6235998 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expert-consensus guidelines have been developed for how members of the public should assist a person with a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis. AIMS This review aimed to examine the range of guidelines that have been developed and how these have been implemented in practice. METHOD A narrative review was carried out based on a systematic search for literature on the development or implementation of the guidelines. RESULTS The Delphi method has been used to develop a wide range of guidelines for English-speaking countries, Asian countries and a number of other cultural groups. The primary implementation has been through informing the content of training courses. CONCLUSION Further work is needed on guidelines for low- and middle-income countries. DECLARATION OF INTEREST A.F.J. is an unpaid member of the Board of Mental Health First Aid International (trading as Mental Health First Aid Australia), which is a not-for-profit organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F Jorm
- Professorial Fellow, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna M Ross
- Research Assistant, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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Jorm AF, Ross AM, Colucci E. Cross-cultural generalizability of suicide first aid actions: an analysis of agreement across expert consensus studies from a range of countries and cultures. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:58. [PMID: 29490626 PMCID: PMC5831714 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of Delphi expert consensus studies have been carried out with different countries and cultural groups to develop guidelines on how a member of the public should provide assistance to a person who is suicidal. The present study aimed to determine whether cross-culturally generalizable suicide first aid actions are possible by comparing agreement across these Delphi studies. METHODS Data on endorsement rates for items were compared across six Delphi studies. These studies involved panels of professionals and consumer advocates from English-speaking countries, professionals from Sri Lanka, professionals from Japan, professionals from India, professionals from the Philippines, and professionals and consumer advocates in refugee and immigrant mental health. Correlations were calculated between item endorsement rates across panels. RESULTS There were 18 items that were highly endorsed across all eight of the Delphi panels and an additional 15 items highly endorsed across the panels from the three lower middle-income countries (India, Philippines and Sri Lanka). Correlations across panels in item endorsement rates were all 0.60 or above, but were higher between panels from countries that are socioeconomically similar. CONCLUSIONS There is broad agreement across the diverse expert panels about what are appropriate suicide first aid actions for members of the public, indicating that cross-cultural generalizability is possible. However, there is also some cultural specificity, indicating the need for local tailoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony F. Jorm
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Anna M. Ross
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Erminia Colucci
- 0000 0001 2179 088Xgrid.1008.9Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie St, Carlton, VIC 3010 Australia ,0000 0001 0710 330Xgrid.15822.3cDepartment of Psychology, Middlesex University London, London, UK
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Ziedonis D, Larkin C, Appasani R. Dignity in mental health practice & research: Time to unite on innovation, outreach & education. Indian J Med Res 2018; 144:491-495. [PMID: 28256454 PMCID: PMC5345292 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.200885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ziedonis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Celine Larkin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Raghu Appasani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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De Silva SA, Colucci E, Mendis J, Kelly CM, Jorm AF, Minas H. Suicide first aid guidelines for Sri Lanka: a Delphi consensus study. Int J Ment Health Syst 2016; 10:53. [PMID: 27579055 PMCID: PMC5004258 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-016-0085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sri Lanka has one of the highest suicide rates in the world. Gatekeeper programs aimed at specific target groups could be a promising suicide prevention strategy in the country. The aim of this study was to develop guidelines that help members of the public to provide first aid to persons in Sri Lanka who are at risk of suicide. Methods The Delphi method was used to elicit consensus on potential helping statements to include in the guidelines. These statements describe information members of the public should have and actions they can take to help a person who is experiencing suicidal thoughts. An expert panel, comprised of mental health and suicide experts in Sri Lanka, rated each statement. The panellists were encouraged to suggest any additional action that was not included in the original questionnaire and, in particular, to include items that were culturally appropriate or gender specific. Responses to open-ended questions were used to generate new items. These items were included in the subsequent Delphi rounds. Three Delphi rounds were carried out. Statements were accepted for inclusion in the guidelines if they were endorsed (rated as essential or important) by at least 80 % of the panel. Statements endorsed by 70–79 % of the panel were re-rated in the following round. Statements with less than 70 % endorsement, or re-rated items that did not receive 80 % or higher endorsement were rejected. Results The output from the Delphi process was a set of endorsed statements. In the first round questionnaire 473 statements were presented to the panel and 58 new items were generated from responses to the open-ended questions. Of the total 531 statements presented, 304 were endorsed. These statements were used to develop the suicide first aid guidelines for Sri Lanka. Conclusion By engaging Sri Lankans who are experts in the field of mental health or suicide this research developed culturally appropriate guidelines for providing mental health first aid to a person at risk of suicide in Sri Lanka. The guidelines may serve as a basis for developing training for members of the public to provide mental health first aid to persons at risk of suicide as part of Sri Lanka’s suicide prevention strategy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13033-016-0085-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranga A De Silva
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
| | - Erminia Colucci
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
| | - Jayan Mendis
- National Institute of Mental Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Claire M Kelly
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Parkville, Australia ; School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Population Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harry Minas
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC 3053 Australia
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Hashimoto N, Suzuki Y, Kato TA, Fujisawa D, Sato R, Aoyama-Uehara K, Fukasawa M, Asakura S, Kusumi I, Otsuka K. Effectiveness of suicide prevention gatekeeper-training for university administrative staff in Japan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2016; 70:62-70. [PMID: 26303330 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Suicide is a leading cause of death among Japanese college and university students. Gatekeeper-training programs have been shown to improve detection and referral of individuals who are at risk of suicide by training non-mental-health professional persons. However, no studies have investigated the effectiveness of such programs in university settings in Japan. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the gatekeeper-training program for administrative staff in Japanese universities. METHODS We developed a 2.5-h gatekeeper-training program based on the Mental Health First Aid program, which was originally developed for the general public. Seventy-six administrative staff at Hokkaido University participated in the program. Competence and confidence in managing suicide intervention, behavioral intention as a gatekeeper and attitude while handling suicidal students were measured by a self-reported questionnaire before, immediately after and a month after the program. RESULTS We found a significant improvement in competence in the management of suicidal students. We also found improvements in confidence in management of suicidal students and behavioral intention as a gatekeeper after training, though questionnaires for those secondary outcomes were not validated. These improvements continued for a month. About 95% of the participants rated the program as useful or very useful and one-third of the participants had one or more chances to utilize their skills within a month. CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest the positive effects of the training program in university settings in Japan. Future evaluation that includes comparison with standard didactic trainings and an assessment of long-term effectiveness are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Health Care Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yuriko Suzuki
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujisawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Sato
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kumi Aoyama-Uehara
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Maiko Fukasawa
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Asakura
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Health Care Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kusumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Otsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Disaster and Community Psychiatry, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
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Subedi P, Li C, Gurung A, Bizune D, Dogbey MC, Johnson CC, Yun K. Mental health first aid training for the Bhutanese refugee community in the United States. Int J Ment Health Syst 2015; 9:20. [PMID: 25987894 PMCID: PMC4435851 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-015-0012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training for Bhutanese refugee community leaders in the U.S. We hypothesized that training refugee leaders would improve knowledge of mental health problems and treatment process and decrease negative attitudes towards people with mental illness. METHODS One hundred and twenty community leaders participated in MHFA training, of whom 58 had sufficient English proficiency to complete pre- and post-tests. The questionnaires assessed each participant's ability to recognize signs of depression, knowledge about professional help and treatment, and attitudes towards people with mental illness. RESULTS Between the pre- and post-test, participants showed significant improvement in the recognition of symptoms of depression and expressed beliefs about treatment that became more concordant with those of mental health professionals. However, there was no reduction in negative attitudes towards people with mental illness. CONCLUSIONS MHFA training course is a promising program for Bhutanese refugee communities in the U.S. However, some adaptations may be necessary to ensure that MHFA training is optimized for this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parangkush Subedi
- />Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Division of Disease Control, 500 South Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA
| | - Changwei Li
- />Tulane University, 6823 St, Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA
| | - Ashok Gurung
- />University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Destani Bizune
- />Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Division of Disease Control, 500 South Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA
| | - M Christina Dogbey
- />Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Division of Disease Control, 500 South Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA
| | - Caroline C Johnson
- />Philadelphia Department of Public Health, Division of Disease Control, 500 South Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19146 USA
| | - Katherine Yun
- />Division of General Pediatrics, PolicyLab, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 36th and Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Park BCB, Soo Im J, Strother Ratcliff K. Rising youth suicide and the changing cultural context in South Korea. CRISIS 2015; 35:102-9. [PMID: 24197487 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Korean society faces a serious challenge in the increasing rates of youth suicidal behavior. There is a need both to gain a better understanding of the causes of this behavior and to develop strategies for responding to this critical public health issue. AIMS This article analyzes how psychological, sociopsychological, and subcultural factors influence suicidal proneness among Korean youth as well as makes suggestions for developing social policies that could reduce Korean youth suicidal behaviors. METHOD Correlation and multivariate regression analyses on suicide proneness and depression were employed using a sample of 172 South Korean youths (aged 18-24) selected from the 2009 General Social Survey collected through face-to-face interviews. RESULTS Young people's suicidal proneness is associated with depression, a tolerant attitude toward suicide, strained family relations, living in rural areas, being female, and being closely related to survivors of suicide or potential suicides. CONCLUSION The findings from this study reveal the significance of social and cultural factors as influences on recent youth suicidal behavior in Korea. The analysis suggests that the underlying risk factors of suicidal behavior are embedded in the changing social and cultural context of Korean society. Thus, suicide prevention efforts should involve more than merely treating any underlying psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Ben Park
- Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University-Brandywine, Media, PA, USA
| | - Jeong Soo Im
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon Medical School, Inchon, South Korea
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Hadlaczky G, Hökby S, Mkrtchian A, Carli V, Wasserman D. Mental Health First Aid is an effective public health intervention for improving knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour: a meta-analysis. Int Rev Psychiatry 2014; 26:467-75. [PMID: 25137113 DOI: 10.3109/09540261.2014.924910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) is a standardized, psychoeducational programme developed to empower the public to approach, support and refer individuals in distress by improving course participants' knowledge, attitudes and behaviours related to mental ill-health. The present paper aims to synthesize published evaluations of the MHFA programme in a meta-analysis to estimate its effects and potential as a public mental health awareness-increasing strategy. Fifteen relevant papers were identified through a systematic literature search. Standardized effect sizes were calculated for three different outcome measures: change in knowledge, attitudes, and helping behaviours. The results of the meta-analysis for these outcomes yielded a mean effect size of Glass's Δ = 0.56 (95% CI = 0.38 - 0.74; p < 0.001), 0.28 (95% CI = 0.22 - 0.35; p < 0.001) and 0.25 (95% CI = 0.12 - 0.38; p < 0.001), respectively. Results were homogenous, and moderator analyses suggested no systematic bias or differences in results related to study design (with or without control group) or 'publication quality' (journal impact factor). The results demonstrate that MHFA increases participants' knowledge regarding mental health, decreases their negative attitudes, and increases supportive behaviours toward individuals with mental health problems. The MHFA programme appears recommendable for public health action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergö Hadlaczky
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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Setiyawati D, Colucci E, Blashki G, Wraith R, Minas H. International experts' perspectives on a curriculum for psychologists working in primary health care: implication for Indonesia. Health Psychol Behav Med 2014; 2:770-784. [PMID: 25750818 PMCID: PMC4346057 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2014.929005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing primary health care to incorporate mental health services is a key strategy for closing the treatment gap for people with mental disorders. The integration of psychological care into primary health care is a critical step in addressing poor access to mental health specialists. As the psychology profession is increasingly called upon to prepare psychologists for primary health care settings, an international experts' consensus is valuable in guiding the development of a high-quality curriculum for psychologists working in the primary health care context. A Delphi method was used to gain a consensus on the most appropriate roles and training for psychologists. Initial constructs and themes were derived from a detailed literature review and sent to 114 international experts in primary mental health care from five continents. Overall, 52 experts who participated agreed that psychologists should have wide-ranging roles and skills including clinical, health promotion and advocacy skills. This study has identified the specific roles and training needed by psychologists to enable them to work more effectively in primary health care settings. The consensus will inform the development of a curriculum for psychologists working in primary health care in Indonesia, and is part of a broader suite of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Setiyawati
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia ; Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada , Yogyakarta , Indonesia
| | - Erminia Colucci
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Grant Blashki
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Ruth Wraith
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Harry Minas
- Global and Cultural Mental Health Unit, Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
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Effectiveness of brief suicide management training programme for medical residents in Japan: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2014; 23:167-76. [PMID: 23867112 PMCID: PMC6998177 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796013000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief suicide management training programme for Japanese medical residents compared with the usual lecture on suicidality. Methods. In this multi-center, clustered randomized controlled trial, the intervention group attended a structured suicide management programme and the control group, the usual lecture on depression and suicidality. The primary outcome was the difference in residents' cumulative competency score to manage suicidal persons from baseline (T0) to 1 month after the intervention (T2), determined using the Suicide Intervention Response Inventory (SIRI-1) score, at individual level. Results. Analysis of 114 residents (intervention group n = 65, control group n = 49) assigned to two clusters in each group revealed no change in SIRI-1 score from T0 to T2 or immediately after the intervention (T1) between the two groups. As a secondary analysis, discrepancy in judgement between the participants and Japanese suicidologists was examined immediately after the intervention in the adjusted model, with a mean difference in score of 9.98 (95% confidence interval: 4.39-15.56; p = 0.001). Conclusions. The structured programme was not proven to improve competency in suicide management when measured by the SIRI-1 score. Further elaboration of the programme and valid measurement of its outcome would be needed to show the program's effectiveness.
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Dreesen M, Foulon V, Vanhaecht K, Hiele M, De Pourcq L, Pironi L, Van Gossum A, Wanten G, Baxter JP, Joly F, Cuerda C, Willems L. Development of quality of care interventions for adult patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) with a benign underlying disease using a two-round Delphi approach. Clin Nutr 2013; 32:59-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Sun BC, Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, Cruz JD. Standardized reporting guidelines for emergency department syncope risk-stratification research. Acad Emerg Med 2012; 19:694-702. [PMID: 22687184 PMCID: PMC3376009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01375.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing research interest in the risk stratification of emergency department (ED) syncope patients. A major barrier to comparing and synthesizing existing research is wide variation in the conduct and reporting of studies. The authors wanted to create standardized reporting guidelines for ED syncope risk-stratification research using an expert consensus process. In that pursuit, a panel of syncope researchers was convened and a literature review was performed to identify candidate reporting guideline elements. Candidate elements were grouped into four sections: eligibility criteria, outcomes, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, and predictors. A two-round, modified Delphi consensus process was conducted using an Internet-based survey application. In the first round, candidate elements were rated on a five-point Likert scale. In the second round, panelists rerated items after receiving information about group ratings from the first round. Items that were rated by >80% of the panelists at the two highest levels of the Likert scale were included in the final guidelines. There were 24 panelists from eight countries who represented five clinical specialties. The panel identified an initial set of 183 candidate elements. After two survey rounds, the final reporting guidelines included 92 items that achieved >80% consensus. These included 10 items for study eligibility, 23 items for outcomes, nine items for ECG abnormalities, and 50 items for candidate predictors. Adherence to these guidelines should facilitate comparison of future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Minas H. The Centre for International Mental Health approach to mental health system development. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2012; 20:37-46. [PMID: 22335181 PMCID: PMC3335086 DOI: 10.3109/10673229.2012.649090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although mental disorders are a major public health problem, the development of mental health services has been a low priority everywhere, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Recent years have seen a growing understanding of the importance of population mental health and increased attention to the need to develop mental health systems for responding to population mental health service needs. In countries and regions where mental health services are all but nonexistent, and in postconflict and postdisaster settings, there are many impediments to establishing or scaling up mental health services. It is frequently necessary to act simultaneously on multiple fronts: generating local evidence that will inform decision makers; developing a policy framework; securing investment; determining the most appropriate service model for the context; training and supporting mental health workers; establishing or expanding existing services; putting in place systems for monitoring and evaluation; and strengthening leadership and governance capabilities. This article presents the approach of the Centre for International Mental Health in the Melbourne School of Population Health to mental health system development, and illustrates the way in which the elements of the program are integrated by giving a brief case example from Sri Lanka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Minas
- Centre for International Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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