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Politi C, Grillone K, Nocera D, Colao E, Bellisario ML, Loddo S, Catino G, Novelli A, Perrotti N, Rodolfo I, Malatesta P. Non-Invasive Prenatal Test Analysis Opens a Pandora's Box: Identification of Very Rare Cases of SRY-Positive Healthy Females, Segregating for Three Generations Thanks to Preferential Inactivation of the XqYp Translocated Chromosome. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:103. [PMID: 38254992 PMCID: PMC10815901 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The translocation of the testis-determining factor, the SRY gene, from the Y to the X chromosome is a rare event that causes abnormalities in gonadal development. In all cases of males and females carrying this translocation, disorder of sex development is reported. In our study, we described a peculiar pedigree with the first evidence of four healthy females from three generations who are carriers of the newly identified t(X;Y)(q28;p11.2)(SRY+) translocation with no evidence of ambiguous genitalia or other SRY-dependent alterations. Our study was a consequence of a Non-Invasive Prenatal Test (NIPT) showing a sexual chromosomal abnormality (XXY) followed by a chorionic villus analysis suggesting a normal karyotype 46,XX and t(X;Y) translocation detected by FISH. Here, we (i) demonstrated the inheritance of the translocation in the maternal lineage via karyotyping and FISH analysis; (ii) characterised the structural rearrangement via chromosomal microarray; and (iii) demonstrated, via Click-iT® EdU Imaging assay, that there was an absolute preferential inactivation of the der(X) chromosome responsible for the lack of SRY expression. Overall, our study provides valuable genetic and molecular information that may lead personal and medical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Politi
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Katia Grillone
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Donatella Nocera
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Emma Colao
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Michelle Li Bellisario
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Sara Loddo
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (G.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Giorgia Catino
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (G.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (G.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Iuliano Rodolfo
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
- Department of Human Health, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Campus S. Venuta, Viale Europa, Località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Malatesta
- Medical Genetics, Renato Dulbecco University Hospital, Viale T. Campanella 115, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (K.G.); (D.N.); (E.C.); (M.L.B.); (N.P.); (P.M.)
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Liu S, Zheng J, Liu X, Lai Y, Zhang X, He T, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhang X. Comprehensive analysis of three female patients with different types of X/Y translocations and literature review. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:7. [PMID: 37202823 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND X/Y translocations are highly heterogeneity in terms of clinical genetic effects, and most patients lack complete pedigree analysis for clinical and genetic characterization. RESULTS This study comprehensively analyzed the clinical and genetic characteristics of three new patients with X/Y translocations. Furthermore, cases with X/Y translocations reported in the literature and studies exploring the clinical genetic effects in patients with X/Y translocations were reviewed. All three female patients were carriers of X/Y translocations with different phenotypes. The karyotype for patient 1 was 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(p22.33;q12)mat, patient 2 was 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q21.2;q11.2)dn, and patient 3 was 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q28;q11.223)t(Y;Y)(q12;q11.223)mat. C-banding analysis of all three patients revealed a large heterochromatin region in the terminal region of the X chromosome. All patients underwent chromosomal microarray analysis, which revealed the precise copy number loss or gain. Data on 128 patients with X/Y translocations were retrieved from 81 studies; the phenotype of these patients was related to the breakpoint of the chromosome, size of the deleted region, and their sex. We reclassified the X/Y translocations into new types based on the breakpoints of the X and Y chromosomes. CONCLUSION X/Y translocations have substantial phenotypic diversity, and the genetic classification standards are not unified. With the development of molecular cytogenetics, it is necessary to combine multiple genetic methods to obtain an accurate and reasonable classification. Thus, clarifying their genetic causes and effects promptly will help in genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis, preimplantation genetic testing, and improvement in clinical treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanquan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiemei Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xijing Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lai
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian He
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Prenatal Diagnosis Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No.20, South Section 3, Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children(Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
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Human Chromosome 18 and Acrocentrics: A Dangerous Liaison. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115637. [PMID: 34073228 PMCID: PMC8198063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of thousands of repetitive sequences makes the centromere a fragile region subject to breakage. In this study we collected 31 cases of rearrangements of chromosome 18, of which 16 involved an acrocentric chromosome, during genetic screening done in three centers. We noticed a significant enrichment of reciprocal translocations between the centromere of chromosome 18 and the centromeric or pericentromeric regions of the acrocentrics. We describe five cases with translocation between chromosome 18 and an acrocentric chromosome, and one case involving the common telomere regions of chromosomes 18p and 22p. In addition, we bring evidence to support the hypothesis that chromosome 18 preferentially recombines with acrocentrics: (i) the presence on 18p11.21 of segmental duplications highly homologous to acrocentrics, that can justify a NAHR mechanism; (ii) the observation by 2D-FISH of the behavior of the centromeric regions of 18 respect to the centromeric regions of acrocentrics in the nuclei of normal subjects; (iii) the contact analysis among these regions on published Hi-C data from the human lymphoblastoid cell line (GM12878).
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Villa N, Conconi D, Benussi DG, Tornese G, Crosti F, Sala E, Dalprà L, Pecile V. A complete duplication of X chromosome resulting in a tricentric isochromosome originated by centromere repositioning. Mol Cytogenet 2017. [PMID: 28630649 PMCID: PMC5470200 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neocentromeres are rare and considered chromosomal aberrations, because a non-centromeric region evolves in an active centromere by mutation. The literature reported several structural anomalies of X chromosome and they influence the female reproductive capacity or are associated to Turner syndrome in the presence of monosomy X cell line. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of chromosome X complex rearrangement found in a prenatal diagnosis. The fetal karyotype showed a mosaicism with a 45,X cell line and a 46 chromosomes second line with a big marker, instead of a sex chromosome. The marker morphology and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) characterization allowed us to identify a tricentric X chromosome constituted by two complete X chromosome fused at the p arms telomere and an active neocentromere in the middle, at the union of the two Xp arms, where usually are the telomeric regions. FISH also showed the presence of a paracentric inversion of both Xp arms. Furthermore, fragility figures were found in 56% of metaphases from peripheral blood lymphocytes culture at birth: a shorter marker chromosome and an apparently acentric fragment frequently lost. CONCLUSIONS At our knowledge, this is the first isochromosome of an entire non-acrocentric chromosome. The neocentromere is constituted by canonical sequences but localized in an unusual position and the original centromeres are inactivated. We speculated that marker chromosome was the result of a double rearrangement: firstly, a paracentric inversion which involved the Xp arm, shifting a part of the centromere at the p end and subsequently a duplication of the entire X chromosome, which gave rise to an isochromosome. It is possible to suppose that the first event could be a result of a non-allelic homologous recombination mediated by inverted low-copy repeats. As expected, our case shows a Turner phenotype with mild facial features and no major skeletal deformity, normal psychomotor development and a spontaneous development of puberty and menarche, although with irregular menses since the last follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Villa
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - D Conconi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - D Gambel Benussi
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - G Tornese
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - F Crosti
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - E Sala
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - L Dalprà
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Clinical Pathology Department, S. Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - V Pecile
- Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health I.R.C.C.S. "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
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Razavi Z, Momtaz HE. Balanced Reciprocal Translocation t(X;1) in a Girl with Tall Stature and Primary Amenorrhea. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 42:210-214. [PMID: 28360449 PMCID: PMC5366371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations constitute one of the most important, yet uncommon, causes of primary amenorrhea and gonadal dysgenesis. Although X-autosome translocations are frequently associated with streak gonads and clinical features of the Turner syndrome, the majority of X-autosome carriers may present with a variable phenotype, developmental delay, and recognizable X-linked syndrome due to nonrandom X-inactivation. In this article, we describe a healthy 15.5-year-old girl with primary amenorrhea, gonadal dysgenesis, and tall stature without other manifestations of the Turner syndrome. Relevant clinical, biochemical, endocrinological, and cytogenetical evaluations were performed. Initial investigations revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (FSH=134 mIU/mL [normal=10-15 mIU/mL], LH=47.5 [normal=10-15 mIU/mL], and estradiol=24.3 pmol/L). On ultrasound examination of the pelvis, streak ovaries with a hypoplastic uterus were noted. Chromosome study, performed according to routine procedures, revealed an apparently balanced reciprocal translocation involving the short arm of chromosome 1(p2) and the long arm of the X chromosome (q2) in all the cells with the following karyotype: 46,X,t(1;X)(p13;q22). She was placed on hormone replacement therapy. In our patient, X-autosome translocation was associated with gonadal dysgenesis and tall stature. We conclude that t(X;1) may be associated with gonadal dysgenesis without other congenital abnormalities. To our knowledge, normal phenotype with gonadal dysgenesis and tall stature in association with t(X;1) translocation has not been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Razavi
- Department of Pediatrics, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hossein Emad Momtaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,Correspondence: Hossein Emad Momtaz, MD; Department of Pediatrics, Besat Hospital, Motahari Boulevard, Hamadan, Iran Tel: +98 918 3339843 Fax: +98 81 32640064
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Next generation sequencing identifies abnormal Y chromosome and candidate causal variants in premature ovarian failure patients. Genomics 2016; 108:209-215. [PMID: 27989800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is characterized by heterogeneous genetic causes such as chromosomal abnormalities and variants in causal genes. Recently, development of techniques made next generation sequencing (NGS) possible to detect genome wide variants including chromosomal abnormalities. Among 37 Korean POF patients, XY karyotype with distal part deletions of Y chromosome, Yp11.32-31 and Yp12 end part, was observed in two patients through NGS. Six deleterious variants in POF genes were also detected which might explain the pathogenesis of POF with abnormalities in the sex chromosomes. Additionally, the two POF patients had no mutation in SRY but three non-synonymous variants were detected in genes regarding sex reversal. These findings suggest candidate causes of POF and sex reversal and show the propriety of NGS to approach the heterogeneous pathogenesis of POF.
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Cordts EB, Santos MC, Bianco B, Barbosa CP, Christofolini DM. Are FSHR polymorphisms risk factors to premature ovarian insufficiency? Gynecol Endocrinol 2015; 31:663-6. [PMID: 26291798 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1032933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an ovarian dysfunction characterized by increased FSH levels and amenorrhea before 40 years old. In recent years, the search for genetic causes of POI intensified and studies have been published relating the presence of mutations and polymorphisms in genes associated with development, recruitment and oocyte atresia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of FSHR polymorphisms in our population and contribute with the elucidation of POI etiology. To achieve it, we have studied 100 patients with POI (G1), 60 patients with border line levels of FSH (G2) and 123 controls with regular menopause onset. Cytogenetic analysis of patients' samples and genotyping of Asn680Ser and Ala307Thr polymorphisms were performed in cases and controls. Cytogenetic analysis showed that 92% of G1 patients had normal karyotype, 4% presented polymorphic variants, 3% presented mosaic karyotype involving X chromosome. In G2, 91.6% had normal karyotype results, 3.2% displayed polymorphic variants, and 3.3% presented a mosaic karyotype involving X chromosome. Statistical comparison showed that the polymorphic allele of Ala307Thr polymorphism is more frequent in patients than in controls (G1: p < 0.001 and G2: p = 0.0259). This association has not been previously reported. We concluded that Ala307Thr polymorphism in FSHR can be potentially associated to POI development and can be considered as a screening marker in patients with ovarian failure signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Barchi Cordts
- a Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Discipline of Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics , Instituto Ideia Fertil, Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics , Santo André , SP , Brazil
| | - Monise Castro Santos
- a Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Discipline of Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics , Instituto Ideia Fertil, Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics , Santo André , SP , Brazil
| | - Bianca Bianco
- a Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Discipline of Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics , Instituto Ideia Fertil, Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics , Santo André , SP , Brazil
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- a Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Discipline of Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics , Instituto Ideia Fertil, Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics , Santo André , SP , Brazil
| | - Denise Maria Christofolini
- a Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Discipline of Reproductive Health and Populational Genetics , Instituto Ideia Fertil, Center of Human Reproduction and Genetics , Santo André , SP , Brazil
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Searle CJ, Smith K, Daniels G, Maher EJ, Quarrell O. Cell-free fetal DNA sex determination identified a maternal SRY gene with a known X chromosome deletion. Prenat Diagn 2013; 33:612-3. [PMID: 23553470 DOI: 10.1002/pd.4078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Searle
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK.
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Omrani MD, Saleh Gargari S, Azizi F. A de novo Reciprocal X; 9 Translocation in A Patient with Premature Ovarian Failure. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2013; 7:130-3. [PMID: 24520475 PMCID: PMC3850340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) causes hypergonadotrophic amenorrhea in 1-3% of females, occurring before the age of 40 among women with chromosomal rearrangements in the long arm of the X chromosome 'critical region'. In this article, we report a case of POF and primary amenorrheain a girl with a de novo reciprocal translocation between chromosomes X and 9. The proband was a 17 years old girl with a history of irregular menstruation and high level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (151 mlU/mL) and luteinizing hormone (LH) (56 mlU/mL). In ultrasound examination, left ovarian gonad was atrophic without any follicles. Right ovarian gonad was not seen. Cytogenetical analysis was performed on the patient and her parents. Her karyotype results was 46, X, rcp (X; 9) (q24; q13) dn. Her parents had normal karyotype. This reciprocal translocation between chromosome X and 9 and observed POF in the patient suggest either the disruption of a critical gene expression due to 'position effect' or deletion of one or more POF-related genes in the disrupted long arm of the affected X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran,
* Corresponding Address:
P.O.Box: 1985717443Department of
Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineShahid Beheshti University
of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Soraya Saleh Gargari
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Mahdyeh Hospital, Shahid Beh eshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Azizi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
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Baronchelli S, Villa N, Redaelli S, Lissoni S, Saccheri F, Panzeri E, Conconi D, Bentivegna A, Crosti F, Sala E, Bertola F, Marozzi A, Pedicini A, Ventruto M, Police MA, Dalprà L. Investigating the role of X chromosome breakpoints in premature ovarian failure. Mol Cytogenet 2012; 5:32. [PMID: 22794123 PMCID: PMC3443441 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-5-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the genetic factor in the aetiology of premature ovarian failure (POF) is emphasized by the high percentage of familial cases and X chromosome abnormalities account for 10% of chromosomal aberrations. In this study, we report the detailed analysis of 4 chromosomal abnormalities involving the X chromosome and associated with POF that were detected during a screening of 269 affected women. Conventional and molecular cytogenetics were valuable tools for locating the breakpoint regions and thus the following karyotypes were defined: 46,X,der(X)t(X;19)(p21.1;q13.42)mat, 46,X,t(X;2)(q21.33;q14.3)dn, 46,X,der(X)t(X;Y)(q26.2;q11.223)mat and 46,X,t(X;13)(q13.3;q31)dn. A bioinformatic analysis of the breakpoint regions identified putative candidate genes for ovarian failure near the breakpoint regions on the X chromosome or on autosomes that were involved in the translocation event. HS6ST1, HS6ST2 and MATER genes were identified and their functions and a literature review revealed an interesting connection to the POF phenotype. Moreover, the 19q13.32 locus is associated with the age of onset of the natural menopause. These results support the position effect of the breakpoint on flanking genes, and cytogenetic techniques, in combination with bioinformatic analysis, may help to improve what is known about this puzzling disorder and its diagnostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Baronchelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Technologies, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.
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Cytogenetics of premature ovarian failure: an investigation on 269 affected women. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:370195. [PMID: 21318170 PMCID: PMC3026995 DOI: 10.1155/2011/370195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of X chromosome in the aetiology of premature ovarian failure (POF) is well-known but in many cases POF still remains idiopathic. Chromosome aneuploidy increase is a physiological phenomenon related to aging, but the role of low-level sex chromosome mosaicism in ovarian function is still undiscovered. Standard cytogenetic analysis was carried out in a total of 269 patients affected by POF: 27 chromosomal abnormalities were identified, including X chromosome and autosomal structural and numerical abnormalities. In 47 patients with 46,XX karyotype we performed interphase FISH using X alpha-satellite probe in order to identify X chromosome mosaicism rate. Aneuploidy rate in the patient group was significantly higher than the general population group. These findings underline the importance of X chromosome in the aetiology of POF and highlight the potential role of low-level sex chromosome mosaicism in ovarian aging that may lead to a premature onset of menopause.
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