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Park SJ, Hong J, Park YJ, Jeong S, Choi S, Chang J, Oh YH, Han M, Ko A, Kim S, Cho Y, Kim JS, Son JS, Park SM. Association between antibiotic use and subsequent risk of prostate cancer: A retrospective cohort study in South Korea. Int J Urol 2024; 31:325-331. [PMID: 38130052 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies suggest that antibiotic use may affect overall cancer incidence, but the association between antibiotics and prostate cancer is still unclear. This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the association between antibiotics and the risk of prostate cancer. METHODS A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. 1 032 397 individuals were followed up from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2019. Multivariable Cox hazards regression was utilized to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of prostate cancer according to accumulative days of antibiotic use and the number of antibiotic classes used from 2002 to 2006. RESULTS Individuals who used antibiotics for 180 or more days had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.91) than those who did not use antibiotics. Also, individuals who used four or more kinds of antibiotics had a higher risk of prostate cancer (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.30) than antibiotic non-users. An overall trend was observed among participants who underwent health examinations. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that long-term use of antibiotics may affect prostate cancer incidence. Further studies are needed to improve understanding of the association between antibiotic use and prostate cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyi Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Young Jun Park
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooyoung Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong-si, South Korea
| | - Minjung Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Myongji Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Ahryoung Ko
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sugyeong Kim
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoosun Cho
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Soo Kim
- International Healthcare Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joung Sik Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Mori K. Editorial Comment from Dr Mori to Association between antibiotic use and subsequent risk of prostate cancer: A retrospective cohort study in South Korea. Int J Urol 2024; 31:332. [PMID: 38265156 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Mori
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Al Shareef Z, Al-Shahrabi R, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, AlDhmanie A, Alshamsi Y, Zarooni AA, Mahmoud RA, Soliman SSM, Halwani R, Bendardaf R. Incidence and risk factors of prostate cancer among the Northern and Eastern parts of the United Arab Emirates population. Prostate 2024; 84:185-192. [PMID: 37969038 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent disease worldwide. However, the incidence and patient-specific risk factors of PCa in the Middle East, specifically in the United Arab Emirates, have not been previously reported. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 2377 men diagnosed with either benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or PCa in the Northern and Eastern regions of the United Arab Emirates, excluding the Western part, which includes Abu Dhabi. The study spanned from January 2012 and December 2021. To calculate the PCa incidence rate, we utilized the world age-standardized incidence rates (W-ASIR) categorized by age groups. Patient-specific risk factors of PCa were identified through a multivariate logistic regression analysis of clinical data. RESULTS A total of 247 cases of PCa and 2130 cases of BPH were included in the study. In our cohort, the W-ASIR for PCa was 21.3 per 100,000 men. The incidence of PCa showed an increasing trend with age, with the highest incidence observed among men aged 70 years and older. Accordingly, multivariate analysis revealed that age over 70 was associated with an increased risk of PCa (OR: 2.546, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.892-3.425, p < 0.01). On the other hand, preexisting conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus were found to lower the risk of PCa (OR: 0.222, 95% CI: 0.163-0.302, p < 0.001) and (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.205-0.648, p < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, metformin intake was associated with a reduced risk of PCa (OR: 0.385, 95% CI: 0.190-0.782, p = 0.008); while insulin usage increased the risk of PCa (OR: 2.586, 95% CI: 1.539-4.344, p < 0.001). Anti-BPH medications such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors (OR: 0.223, 95% CI: 0.069-0.723, p = 0.012) or 5-α reductase (OR: 0.206, 95% CI: 0.110-0.389, p < 0.000), were found to lower the risk of PCa. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the high incidence of PCa in the United Arab Emirates, with age being a significant factor. Furthermore, the study highlights the influence of certain comorbidities and medications on the risk of developing PCa within the United Arab Emirates population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rula Al-Shahrabi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amna AlDhmanie
- Data & Statistics Department, Emirates Health Services, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Rabah Al Mahmoud
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riyad Bendardaf
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Haedenkamp TM, Leitzmann MF, Linker RA, Meier C, Becker C, Jick S, Hau P, Seliger C. Antimicrobial drug use and the risk of glioma: A case-control study. Cancer Med 2022; 12:3684-3695. [PMID: 36066038 PMCID: PMC9939229 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antibiotics has been associated with increased risks of various cancers. Comprehensive information on the association of antibiotic use with the risk of glioma is lacking. METHODS We performed a large case-control study based on the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD from the United Kingdom. We identified 4423 glioma cases recorded between 1995 and 2020 and matched them to controls (1:10) on the date of diagnosis (i.e., the index date), age, sex, general practice, and number of years of medical history in the database prior to the index date. We conducted conditional logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The exposures of interest were the use of antimicrobial drugs, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and anthelmintic drugs with specific subclasses, where possible. RESULTS We found no substantially increased risk of glioma after ever-use of antibiotics (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.24). The risk did not increase with the increasing number of prescriptions received or with increasing time from first use to cancer diagnosis. The use of polyenes was associated with a weakly decreased risk of glioma (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.96).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq M. Haedenkamp
- Wilhelm Sander‐NeuroOncology Unit and Department of NeurologyRegensburg University HospitalRegensburgGermany
| | - Michael F. Leitzmann
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive MedicineRegensburg University HospitalRegensburgGermany
| | - Ralf A. Linker
- Wilhelm Sander‐NeuroOncology Unit and Department of NeurologyRegensburg University HospitalRegensburgGermany
| | - Christoph Meier
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland,Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance ProgramLexingtonMAUSA,Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Claudia Becker
- Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Epidemiology, Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland,Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Susan Jick
- Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance ProgramLexingtonMAUSA,Boston University School of Public HealthLexingtonMAUSA
| | - Peter Hau
- Wilhelm Sander‐NeuroOncology Unit and Department of NeurologyRegensburg University HospitalRegensburgGermany
| | - Corinna Seliger
- Department of NeurologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
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Petrelli F, Ghidini M, Ghidini A, Perego G, Cabiddu M, Khakoo S, Oggionni E, Abeni C, Hahne JC, Tomasello G, Zaniboni A. Use of Antibiotics and Risk of Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081174. [PMID: 31416208 PMCID: PMC6721461 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between antibiotic use and risk of cancer development is unclear, and clinical trials are lacking. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to assess the association between antibiotic use and risk of cancer. PubMed, the Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched from inception to 24 February 2019 for studies reporting antibiotic use and subsequent risk of cancer. We included observational studies of adult subjects with previous exposure to antibiotics and available information on incident cancer diagnoses. For each of the eligible studies, data were collected by three reviewers. Risk of cancer was pooled to provide an adjusted odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The primary outcome was the risk of developing cancer in ever versus non-antibiotic users. Cancer risk’s association with antibiotic intake was evaluated among 7,947,270 participants (n = 25 studies). Overall, antibiotic use was an independent risk factor for cancer occurrence (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.12–1.24, p < 0.001). The risk was especially increased for lung cancer (OR 1.29, 95%CI 1.03–1.61, p = 0.02), lymphomas (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.13–1.51, p < 0.001), pancreatic cancer (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.04–1.57, p = 0.019), renal cell carcinoma (OR 1.28, 95%CI 1.1–1.5, p = 0.001), and multiple myeloma (OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.18–1.56, p < 0.001). There is moderate evidence that excessive or prolonged use of antibiotics during a person’s life is associated with slight increased risk of various cancers. The message is potentially important for public health policies because minimizing improper antibiotic use within a program of antibiotic stewardship could also reduce cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Petrelli
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio (BG), Italy.
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Casa di Cura Igea, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Perego
- Pharmacy Unit, School of Hospital Pharmacy-University of Milan, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - Mary Cabiddu
- Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio (BG), Italy
| | - Shelize Khakoo
- Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London and Surrey, Sutton SM2 5PT, UK
| | | | - Chiara Abeni
- Oncology Unit, Fondazione Poliambulanza, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Jens Claus Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Gianluca Tomasello
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
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Kido LA, Montico F, Sauce R, Macedo AB, Minatel E, Costa DBV, Carvalho JED, Pilli RA, Cagnon VHA. Anti-inflammatory therapies in TRAMP mice: delay in PCa progression. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:235-50. [PMID: 26772819 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the structural and molecular biology as well as evaluate the immediate and late responses of prostatic cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model after treatment with goniothalamin (GTN) and celecoxib. The treated mice received GTN (150 mg/kg, gavage) or celecoxib (10 mg/kg, gavage) from 8 to 12 weeks of age. They were killed at different ages: the immediate-response groups at 12 weeks and the late-response groups at 22 weeks. The ventral prostate was collected for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, TUNEL, and ELISA. Morphological analyses indicated that GTN treatment delayed the progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma, leading to a significant decrease of prostatic lesion frequency in both experimental period responses to this treatment, mainly high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Also, the celecoxib treatment showed a particular decrease in the proliferative processes (PCNA) in both the experimental periods. Despite celecoxib diminishing the COX2 and IGFR1 levels, GTN presented higher action spectrum considering the decrease of a greater molecular number involved in the proliferative and inflammatory processes in prostatic cancer. Goniothalamin attenuated the pro-inflammatory response in TRAMP prostatic microenvironment, delaying prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Celecoxib treatment was efficient in the regulation of COX2 in the TRAMP mice, mainly in the advanced disease grade. Finally, we concluded that inflammatory process control in early grades of PCa was crucial for the downregulation of the signaling pathways involved in the proliferative processes in advanced cancer grades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Akemi Kido
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Montico
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Sauce
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Barbosa Macedo
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Minatel
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Barbosa Vendramini Costa
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research CenterCPQBA, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Department of Organic ChemistryInstitute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Ernesto de Carvalho
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research CenterCPQBA, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Aloise Pilli
- Department of Organic ChemistryInstitute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional BiologyStructural and Cellular Biology Postgraduate Program, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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The role of prostatitis in prostate cancer: meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85179. [PMID: 24391995 PMCID: PMC3877315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Use systematic review methods to quantify the association between prostatitis and prostate cancer, under both fixed and random effects model. Evidence Acquisition Case control studies of prostate cancer with information on prostatitis history. All studies published between 1990-2012, were collected to calculate a pooled odds ratio. Selection criteria: the selection criteria are as follows: human case control studies; published from May 1990 to July 2012; containing number of prostatitis, and prostate cancer cases. Evidence Synthesis In total, 20 case control studies were included. A significant association between prostatitis and prostate cancer was found, under both fixed effect model (pooled OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.39-1.62), and random effects model (OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.36-1.98). Personal interview based case control studies showed a high level of association (fixed effect model: pooled OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.47-1.73, random effects model: pooled OR= 1.87, 95%CI: 1.52-2.29), compared with clinical based studies (fixed effect model: pooled OR=1.05, 95%CI: 0.86-1.28, random effects model: pooled OR= 0.98, 95%CI: 0.67-1.45). Additionally, pooled ORs, were calculated for each decade. In a fixed effect model: 1990’s: OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.35-1.84; 2000’s: OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.40-1.79; 2010’s: OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.22-1.56. In a random effects model: 1990’s: OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.08-3.62; 2000’s: OR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.23-2.19; 2010’s: OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.73. Finally a meta-analysis stratified by each country was conducted. In fixed effect models, U.S: pooled OR =1.45, 95%CI: 1.34-1.57; China: pooled OR =4.67, 95%CI: 3.08-7.07; Cuba: pooled OR =1.43, 95%CI: 1.00-2.04; Italy: pooled OR =0.61, 95%CI: 0.13-2.90. In random effects model, U.S: pooled OR=1.50, 95%CI: 1.25-1.80; China: pooled OR =4.67, 95%CI: 3.08-7.07; Cuba: pooled OR =1.43, 95%CI: 1.00-2.04; Italy: pooled OR =0.61, 95%CI: 0.13-2.90.CONCLUSIONS: the present meta-analysis provides the statistical evidence that the association between prostatitis and prostate cancer is significant.
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8
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Savoy RM, Ghosh PM. Linking inflammation and neuroendocrine differentiation: the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-mediated signaling in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:C1-4. [PMID: 23612613 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A new paper by Tawadros et al. in Endocrine-Related Cancer demonstrates a link between macrophage migration inhibitory factor and neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer. This paper may have implications in explaining the effect of prostatitis and chronic inflammation on the development of aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda M Savoy
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
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Endocarditis and risk of cancer: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Am J Med 2013; 126:58-67. [PMID: 23260503 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocarditis may be a marker for bacteremia-associated occult cancer. Intensive antibiotic treatment in endocarditis is suggested to reduce long-term cancer risk. We examined these hypotheses in a nationwide cohort study. METHODS Endocarditis patients and cancer cases were identified from the Danish National Registry of Patients and the Danish Cancer Registry during 1978-2008. We compared the incidences of various cancers among study subjects to expected incidences based on national age-, sex-, and site-specific rates. RESULTS We observed 997 cancers among 8445 endocarditis patients (median follow-up of 3.5 years), reflecting an increased standardized incidence rate (SIR) of 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51-1.71). Cancer risk was highly elevated during the first 3 months of follow-up (SIR=8.03; 95% CI, 6.92-9.26), partly due to a 15- to 30-fold increased risk of hematological or liver cancers. Between 3-month and 5-year follow-ups, cancer incidence remained 1.5-fold higher than expected, including 2- and 4-fold increased SIRs for colorectal and liver cancers, respectively. Beyond 5 years of observation, the overall cancer SIR was 1.21 (95% CI, 1.10-1.34). Long-term associations were weak for several cancers hypothesized to be associated with antibiotic use, including prostate, gastric, and breast cancer. CONCLUSION Endocarditis is a substantial clinical marker for presence of occult cancer. We found no evidence of decreased long-term cancer risk after antibiotic treatment for endocarditis.
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Abstract
Although scientific knowledge in viral oncology has exploded in the 20th century, the role of bacteria as mediators of oncogenesis has been less well elucidated. Understanding bacterial carcinogenesis has become increasingly important as a possible means of cancer prevention. This review summarizes clinical, epidemiological, and experimental evidence as well as possible mechanisms of bacterial induction of or protection from malignancy.
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11
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Reese AC, Hardin J, Cheng I, Casey G, Witte JS. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Variation in Inflammatory Genes, and Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:3127-3142. [PMID: 24023525 PMCID: PMC3766748 DOI: 10.3390/ph3103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that prostatic inflammation plays a key role in the development of prostate cancer. It remains controversial whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Here, we investigate how a previously reported inverse association between NSAID use and the risk of aggressive prostate cancer is modulated by variants in several inflammatory genes. We found that NSAIDs may have differential effects on prostate cancer development, depending on one’s genetic makeup. Further study of these inflammatory pathways may clarify the mechanisms through which NSAIDs impact prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Reese
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; E-Mail: (A.C.R.)
| | - Jill Hardin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; E-Mail: (J.H.)
| | - Iona Cheng
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawai`i, University of Hawai`i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; E-Mail: (A.C.R.)
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; E-Mail: (J.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-415-502-6882; Fax: +1-415-476-1356
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Tamim HM, Hajeer AH, Boivin JF, Collet JP. Association between antibiotic use and risk of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:952-60. [PMID: 20039321 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between antibiotics and risk of cancer has been addressed in different studies, most of which were addressing breast cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the association between antibiotics use and risk of prostate cancer. We carried out a population-based case-control study using data from Saskatchewan Health administrative databases (Canada) between the years 1981 and 2000. Cases identified by the Saskatchewan Cancer Agency were matched to 4 controls, using incidence density sampling. The effect of dosage and timing of antibiotic use, over a minimum of 15 years before diagnosis, on prostate cancer risk was assessed. Number of prescriptions and number of tablets were used as exposure definitions. Moreover, the effect of different classes of antibiotics on prostate cancer was also studied. A total of 4,052 prostate cancer cases and 16,208 matched controls were included in this study. Antibiotics exposure (number of prescriptions) during the period of 1-15 years in the past was significantly associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer; RR = 1.69, 2.61, 2.71, and 2.83 for the 4 quartiles, respectively, p-trend = 0.0001. When number of units was taken as the exposure definition, similar results were found. We did not find any effect of the timing or class of antibiotic exposure on prostate cancer risk. We found a dose-dependent association between antibiotics exposure up to 15 years in the past and risk of prostate cancer. However, the lack of temporal trends and the absence of class specific effects suggest a noncausal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani M Tamim
- Clinical Research Section, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Prins RC, Rademacher BL, Mongoue-Tchokote S, Alumkal JJ, Graff JN, Eilers KM, Beer TM. C-reactive protein as an adverse prognostic marker for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): confirmatory results. Urol Oncol 2010; 30:33-7. [PMID: 20207556 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that higher serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with shorter survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). To confirm this finding in an independent data set, we used 119 CRPC patients enrolled in 6 phase II clinical trials and examined the relationship of CRP, alkaline phosphatase, hemoglobin, age, ECOG PS, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) with survival. Median follow-up was 19.7 months (0.9-98.5 months), and 89% have died. After analyzing the form of the risk function using the generalized additive model method, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess associations between baseline individual categorical and continuous variables. Quartiles of CRP were: 0-1.0, 1.1-4.9, 5.0-17.0, and 17.1-311 mg/L. In a Cox multivariate model, log(2) (CRP) (HR 1.106, P = 0.013) as well as hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase were independently associated with survival, confirming that higher CRP is associated with shorter survival in CRPC. Since CRP is a marker of inflammation, this finding suggests that inflammation may play an important role in the natural history of advanced prostate cancer. CRP is a readily measurable biomarker that has the potential to improve prognostic models and should be validated in a prospective clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee C Prins
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science University (Sam Jackson Park Rd.), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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