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Hernández-Chávez MJ, Martínez-Duncker I, Clavijo-Giraldo DM, López-Ramirez LA, Mora-Montes HM. Candida tropicalis PMT2 Is a Dispensable Gene for Viability but Required for Proper Interaction with the Host. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:502. [PMID: 39057387 PMCID: PMC11277967 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Candidemia is an opportunistic mycosis with high morbidity and mortality rates. Even though Candida albicans is the main causative agent, other Candida species, such as Candida tropicalis, are relevant etiological agents of candidiasis and candidemia. Compared with C. albicans, there is currently limited information about C. tropicalis' biological aspects, including those related to the cell wall and the interaction with the host. Currently, it is known that its cell wall contains O-linked mannans, and the contribution of these structures to cell fitness has previously been addressed using cells subjected to chemical treatments or in mutants where O-linked mannans and other wall components are affected. Here, we generated a C. tropicalis pmt2∆ null mutant, which was affected in the first step of the O-linked mannosylation pathway. The null mutant was viable, contrasting with C. albicans where this gene is essential. The phenotypical characterization showed that O-linked mannans were required for filamentation; proper cell wall integrity and organization; biofilm formation; protein secretion; and adhesion to extracellular matrix components, in particular to fibronectin; and type I and type II collagen. When interacting with human innate immune cells, it was found that this cell wall structure is dispensable for cytokine production, but mutant cells were more phagocytosed by monocyte-derived macrophages. Furthermore, the null mutant cells showed virulence attenuation in Galleria mellonella larvae. Thus, O-linked mannans are minor components of the cell wall that are involved in different aspects of C. tropicalis' biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco J. Hernández-Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, GTO, Mexico; (M.J.H.-C.); (D.M.C.-G.); (L.A.L.-R.)
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, MOR, Mexico;
| | - Diana M. Clavijo-Giraldo
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, GTO, Mexico; (M.J.H.-C.); (D.M.C.-G.); (L.A.L.-R.)
| | - Luz A. López-Ramirez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, GTO, Mexico; (M.J.H.-C.); (D.M.C.-G.); (L.A.L.-R.)
| | - Héctor M. Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato 36050, GTO, Mexico; (M.J.H.-C.); (D.M.C.-G.); (L.A.L.-R.)
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Tian S, Bing J, Chu Y, Li H, Wang Q, Cheng S, Chen J, Shang H. Phenotypic and genetic features of a novel clinically isolated rough morphotype Candida auris. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1174878. [PMID: 37350781 PMCID: PMC10282645 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1174878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Candida auris is a newly emerging pathogenic fungus of global concern and has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a member of the critical group of the most health-threatening fungi. Methods This study reveals and reports for the first time that a rough morphotype C. auris strain causes urinary tract infections in non-intensive care unit (ICU) inpatients. Furthermore, the morphology, the scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), Whole-genome resequencing and RNA sequencing of C. auris possessing rough morphotype colonies compared to their smooth morphotype counterparts. Results The newly identified phenotypic variation of C. auris appears round, convex, dry, and burr-like with a rough texture. SEM shows that rough type C. auris has a rough and uneven colony surface with radial wrinkles and irregular spore arrangement. Cells of the rough morphotype C. auris naturally aggregate into clusters with tight connections in the liquid, and it seems that the cell division is incomplete. A genome-wide analysis of the rough type C. auris confirmed its genetic association with the smooth type of C. auris prevalent in China (Shenyang) two years ago; however, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations of five genes (ACE2, IFF6, RER2, UTP20, and CaO19.5847) were identified more recently. RNA-seq revealed IFF2/HYR3, DAL5, PSA31, and SIT1 were notably up-regulated, while multiple cell wall-associated genes (ALS1, MNN1, PUL1, DSE1, SCW11, PGA38, RBE1, FGR41, BGLI, GIT3, CEP3, and SAP2) were consistently down-regulated in rough morphotype C. auris. Discussion The rough phenotypic variation of C. auris is likely to be related to the structural and functional changes in cell wall proteins. This novel rough morphotype C. auris will provide a basis for further studies concerning the evolutionary characteristics of C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufei Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Bing
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunzhuo Chu
- National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hailong Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shitong Cheng
- National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Shang
- National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Dean N, Jones R, DaSilva J, Chionchio G, Ng H. The Mnn10/Anp1-dependent N-linked outer chain glycan is dispensable for Candida albicans cell wall integrity. Genetics 2022; 221:6554200. [PMID: 35333306 PMCID: PMC9071539 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans cell wall glycoproteins, and in particular their mannose-rich glycans, are important for maintaining cellular integrity as well as host recognition, adhesion, and immunomodulation. The asparagine (N)-linked mannose outer chain of these glycoproteins is produced by Golgi mannosyltransferases (MTases). The outer chain is composed of a linear backbone of ∼50 α1,6-linked mannoses, which acts as a scaffold for addition of ∼150 or more mannoses in other linkages. Here, we describe the characterization of C. albicans OCH1, MNN9, VAN1, ANP1, MNN10, and MNN11, which encode the conserved Golgi MTases that sequentially catalyze the α1,6 mannose outer chain backbone. Candida albicans och1Δ/Δ, mnn9Δ/Δ, and van1Δ/Δ mutants block the earliest steps of backbone synthesis and like their Saccharomyces cerevisiae counterparts, have severe cell wall and growth phenotypes. Unexpectedly, and in stark contrast to S. cerevisiae, loss of Anp1, Mnn10, or Mnn11, which together synthesize most of the backbone, have no obvious deleterious phenotypes. These mutants were unaffected in cell morphology, growth, drug sensitivities, hyphal formation, and macrophage recognition. Analyses of secreted glycosylation reporters demonstrated that anp1Δ/Δ, mnn10Δ/Δ, and mnn11Δ/Δ strains accumulate glycoproteins with severely truncated N-glycan chains. This hypo-mannosylation did not elicit increased chitin deposition in the cell wall, which in other yeast and fungi is a key compensatory response to cell wall integrity breaches. Thus, C. albicans has evolved an alternate mechanism to adapt to cell wall weakness when N-linked mannan levels are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Life Sciences Bldg Room 310, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5215, USA.
| | - Rachel Jones
- Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Justin DaSilva
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gregory Chionchio
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Henry Ng
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Role of Protein Glycosylation in Interactions of Medically Relevant Fungi with the Host. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100875. [PMID: 34682296 PMCID: PMC8541085 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a highly conserved post-translational modification among organisms. It plays fundamental roles in many biological processes, ranging from protein trafficking and cell adhesion to host–pathogen interactions. According to the amino acid side chain atoms to which glycans are linked, protein glycosylation can be divided into two major categories: N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation. However, there are other types of modifications such as the addition of GPI to the C-terminal end of the protein. Besides the importance of glycoproteins in biological functions, they are a major component of the fungal cell wall and plasma membrane and contribute to pathogenicity, virulence, and recognition by the host immunity. Given that this structure is absent in host mammalian cells, it stands as an attractive target for developing selective compounds for the treatment of fungal infections. This review focuses on describing the relationship between protein glycosylation and the host–immune interaction in medically relevant fungal species.
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Tabrizi ZA, Khosrojerdi A, Aslani S, Hemmatzadeh M, Babaie F, Bairami A, Shomali N, Hosseinzadeh R, Safari R, Mohammadi H. Multi-facets of neutrophil extracellular trap in infectious diseases: Moving beyond immunity. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105066. [PMID: 34174356 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular chromosomal DNA fibers, histones, and cytoplasmic granule proteins. The release of NET components from neutrophils is involved in the suppression of pathogen diffusion. Development of NETs around target microbes leads to disruption of the cell membrane, eventuating in kind of cell death that is called as NETosis. The very first step in the process of NETosis is activation of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase upon signaling by innate immune receptors. Afterwards, produced Reactive oxygen species (ROS) trigger protein-arginine deiminase type 4, neutrophil elastase, and myeloperoxidase to generate decondensed chromatin and disrupted integrity of nuclear membrane. Subsequently, decondensed chromatin is mixed with several enzymes in the cytoplasm released from granules, leading to release of DNA and histones, and finally formation of NET. Several reports have indicated that NETosis might contribute to the immune responses through limiting the dissemination of microbial organisms. In this review, we discuss recent advances on the role of neutrophils, NETs, and their implications in the pathogenesis of microbial infections. Additionally, the prospective of the NET modulation as a therapeutic strategy to treat infectious diseases are clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azimzadeh Tabrizi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arezou Khosrojerdi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaie
- Department of Immunology and Genetic, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Amir Bairami
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Navid Shomali
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghaiyeh Safari
- Molecular and Cellular Epigenetics, GIGA, University of Liege, Sart-Tilman Liège, Belgium; Molecular and Cellular Biology, TERRA, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Awad A, El Khoury P, Geukgeuzian G, Khalaf RA. Cell Wall Proteome Profiling of a Candida albicans Fluconazole-Resistant Strain from a Lebanese Hospital Patient Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry-A Pilot Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061161. [PMID: 34071222 PMCID: PMC8229660 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus responsible for high mortality rates in immunocompromised individuals. Azole drugs such as fluconazole are the first line of therapy in fungal infection treatment. However, resistance to azole treatment is on the rise. Here, we employ a tandem mass spectrometry approach coupled with a bioinformatics approach to identify cell wall proteins present in a fluconazole-resistant hospital isolate upon drug exposure. The isolate was previously shown to have an increase in cell membrane ergosterol and cell wall chitin, alongside an increase in adhesion, but slightly attenuated in virulence. We identified 50 cell wall proteins involved in ergosterol biosynthesis such as Erg11, and Erg6, efflux pumps such as Mdr1 and Cdr1, adhesion proteins such as Als1, and Pga60, chitin deposition such as Cht4, and Crh11, and virulence related genes including Sap5 and Lip9. Candidial proteins identified in this study go a long way in explaining the observed phenotypes. Our pilot study opens the way for a future large-scale analysis to identify novel proteins involved in drug-resistance mechanisms.
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Jenull S, Tscherner M, Kashko N, Shivarathri R, Stoiber A, Chauhan M, Petryshyn A, Chauhan N, Kuchler K. Transcriptome Signatures Predict Phenotypic Variations of Candida auris. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:662563. [PMID: 33937102 PMCID: PMC8079977 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.662563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Health care facilities are facing serious threats by the recently emerging human fungal pathogen Candida auris owing to its pronounced antifungal multidrug resistance and poor diagnostic tools. Distinct C. auris clades evolved seemingly simultaneously at independent geographical locations and display both genetic and phenotypic diversity. Although comparative genomics and phenotypic profiling studies are increasing, we still lack mechanistic knowledge about the C. auris species diversification and clinical heterogeneity. Since gene expression variability impacts phenotypic plasticity, we aimed to characterize transcriptomic signatures of C. auris patient isolates with distinct antifungal susceptibility profiles in this study. First, we employed an antifungal susceptibility screening of clinical C. auris isolates to identify divergent intra-clade responses to antifungal treatments. Interestingly, comparative transcriptional profiling reveals large gene expression differences between clade I isolates and one clade II strain, irrespective of their antifungal susceptibilities. However, comparisons at the clade levels demonstrate that minor changes in gene expression suffice to drive divergent drug responses. Finally, we functionally validate transcriptional signatures reflecting phenotypic divergence of clinical isolates. Thus, our results suggest that large-scale transcriptional profiling allows for predicting phenotypic diversities of patient isolates, which may help choosing suitable antifungal therapies of multidrug-resistant C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jenull
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Tscherner
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nataliya Kashko
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raju Shivarathri
- Public Health Research Institute & Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Anton Stoiber
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manju Chauhan
- Public Health Research Institute & Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Andriy Petryshyn
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neeraj Chauhan
- Public Health Research Institute & Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Thak EJ, Lee SB, Xu-Vanpala S, Lee DJ, Chung SY, Bahn YS, Oh DB, Shinohara ML, Kang HA. Core N-Glycan Structures Are Critical for the Pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans by Modulating Host Cell Death. mBio 2020; 11:e00711-20. [PMID: 32398313 PMCID: PMC7218283 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00711-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is a human-pathogenic fungal pathogen that causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. To investigate the roles of N-glycan core structure in cryptococcal pathogenicity, we constructed mutant strains of C. neoformans with defects in the assembly of lipid-linked N-glycans in the luminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Deletion of ALG3 (alg3Δ), which encodes dolichyl-phosphate-mannose (Dol-P-Man)-dependent α-1,3-mannosyltransferase, resulted in the production of truncated neutral N-glycans carrying five mannose residues as a major species. Despite moderate or nondetectable defects in virulence-associated phenotypes in vitro, the alg3Δ mutant was avirulent in a mouse model of systemic cryptococcosis. Notably, the mutant did not show defects in early stages of host cell interaction during infection, including attachment to lung epithelial cells, opsonic/nonopsonic phagocytosis, and manipulation of phagosome acidification. However, the ability to drive macrophage cell death was greatly decreased in this mutant, without loss of cell wall remodeling capacity. Furthermore, deletion of ALG9 and ALG12, encoding Dol-P-Man-dependent α-1,2-mannosyltransferases and α-1,6-mannosyltransferases, generating truncated core N-glycans with six and seven mannose residues, respectively, also displayed remarkably reduced macrophage cell death and in vivo virulence. However, secretion levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were not reduced in the bone marrow-derived dendritic cells obtained from Asc- and Gsdmd-deficient mice infected with the alg3Δ mutant strain, excluding the possibility that pyroptosis is a main host cell death pathway dependent on intact core N-glycans. Our results demonstrated N-glycan structures as a critical feature in modulating death of host cells, which is exploited by as a strategy for host cell escape for dissemination of C. neoformansIMPORTANCE We previously reported that the outer mannose chains of N-glycans are dispensable for the virulence of C. neoformans, which is in stark contrast to findings for the other human-pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans Here, we present evidence that an intact core N-glycan structure is required for C. neoformans pathogenicity by systematically analyzing alg3Δ, alg9Δ, and alg12Δ strains that have defects in lipid-linked N-glycan assembly and in in vivo virulence. The alg null mutants producing truncated core N-glycans were defective in inducing host cell death after phagocytosis, which is triggered as a mechanism of pulmonary escape and dissemination of C. neoformans, thus becoming inactive in causing fatal infection. The results clearly demonstrated the critical features of the N-glycan structure in mediating the interaction with host cells during fungal infection. The delineation of the roles of protein glycosylation in fungal pathogenesis not only provides insight into the glycan-based fungal infection mechanism but also will aid in the development of novel antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Thak
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Bin Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shengjie Xu-Vanpala
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dong-Jik Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yeon Chung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doo-Byoung Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mari L Shinohara
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hernández-Chávez MJ, Clavijo-Giraldo DM, Novák Á, Lozoya-Pérez NE, Martínez-Álvarez JA, Salinas-Marín R, Hernández NV, Martínez-Duncker I, Gácser A, Mora-Montes HM. Role of Protein Mannosylation in the Candida tropicalis-Host Interaction. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2743. [PMID: 31849889 PMCID: PMC6892782 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannans are components of the fungal wall attached to proteins via N- or O-linkages. In Candida albicans, Och1 is an α1,6-mannosyltransferase that adds the first mannose unit to the N-linked mannan outer chain; whereas Pmr1 is an ion pump that imports Mn2+ into the Golgi lumen. This cation is the cofactor of Golgi-resident mannosyltransferases, and thus Pmr1 is involved in the synthesis of both N- and O-linked mannans. Since we currently have limited information about the genetic network behind the Candida tropicalis protein mannosylation machinery, we disrupted OCH1 and PMR1 in this organism. The C. tropicalis pmr1Δ and och1Δ mutants showed increased doubling times, aberrant colony and cellular morphology, reduction in the wall mannan content, and increased susceptibility to wall perturbing agents. These changes were accompanied by increased exposure of both β1,3-glucan and chitin at the wall surface of both mutant strains. Our results showed that O-linked mannans are dispensable for cytokine production by human mononuclear cells, but N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan are key ligands to trigger cytokine production in a co-stimulatory pathway involving dectin-1 and mannose receptor. Moreover, we found that the N-linked mannan core found on the surface of C. tropicalis och1Δ null mutant was capable of inducing cytokine production; and that a mannan-independent pathway for IL-10 production is present in the C. tropicalis-mononuclear cell interaction. Both mutant strains showed virulence attenuation in the Galleria mellonella and the mouse model of systemic candidiasis. Therefore, mannans are relevant for cell wall composition and organization, and for the C. tropicalis-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco J Hernández-Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Diana M Clavijo-Giraldo
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Ádám Novák
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nancy E Lozoya-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José A Martínez-Álvarez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Roberta Salinas-Marín
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Nahúm V Hernández
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Iván Martínez-Duncker
- Laboratorio de Glicobiología Humana y Diagnóstico Molecular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Attila Gácser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,MTA-SZTE "Lendület" Mycobiome Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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10
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Hernández-Chávez MJ, Franco B, Clavijo-Giraldo DM, Hernández NV, Estrada-Mata E, Mora-Montes HM. Role of protein phosphomannosylation in the Candida tropicalis-macrophage interaction. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:4989128. [PMID: 29718196 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida tropicalis is an opportunistic fungal pathogen responsible for mucosal and systemic infections. The cell wall is the initial contact point between a fungal cell and the host immune system, and mannoproteins are important components that play key roles when interacting with host cells. In Candida albicans, mannans are modified by mannosyl-phosphate moieties, named phosphomannans, which can work as molecular scaffolds to synthesize β1,2-mannooligosaccharides, and MNN4 is a positive regulator of the phosphomannosylation pathway. Here, we showed that C. tropicalis also displays phosphomannans on the cell surface, but the amount of this cell wall component varies depending on the fungal strain. We also identified a functional ortholog of CaMNN4 in C. tropicalis. Disruption of this gene caused depletion of phosphomannan content. The C. tropicalis mnn4Δ did not show defects in the ability to stimulate cytokine production by human mononuclear cells but displayed virulence attenuation in an insect model of candidiasis. When the mnn4Δ-macrophage interaction was analyzed, results showed that presence of cell wall phosphomannan was critical for C. tropicalis phagocytosis. Finally, our results strongly suggest a differential role for phosphomannans during phagocytosis of C. albicans and C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco J Hernández-Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Bernardo Franco
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Diana M Clavijo-Giraldo
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Nahúm V Hernández
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Eine Estrada-Mata
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
| | - Héctor Manuel Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Gto., México
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11
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Lozoya-Pérez NE, Casas-Flores S, de Almeida JRF, Martínez-Álvarez JA, López-Ramírez LA, Jannuzzi GP, Trujillo-Esquivel E, Estrada-Mata E, Almeida SR, Franco B, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Mora-Montes HM. Silencing of OCH1 unveils the role of Sporothrix schenckii N-linked glycans during the host-fungus interaction. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 12:67-85. [PMID: 30643435 PMCID: PMC6312695 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s185037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporothrix schenckii is a neglected fungal pathogen for the human being and other mammals. In several fungal systems, Och1 is a Golgi α1,6-mannosyltransferase with a key function in the synthesis of N-linked glycans; which are important elements during the host-fungus interplay. The role of OCH1 in fungal virulence seems to be species-specific, being an essential component for Candida albicans virulence and dispensable during the interaction of Aspergillus fumigatus with the host. METHODS Here, we silenced S. schenckii OCH1 and characterized the phenotype of the mutant strains. RESULTS The mutant strains did not show defects in the cell or colony morphology, the growth rate or the ability to undergo dimorphism; but the cell wall changed in both composition and exposure of inner components at the surface. When interacting with human monocytes, the silenced strains had a reduced ability to stimulate TNFα and IL-6 but stimulated higher levels of IL-10. The interaction with human macrophages was also altered, with reduced numbers of silenced cells phagocytosed. These strains showed virulence attenuation in both Galleria mellonella and in the mouse model of sporotrichosis. Nonetheless, the cytokine levels in infected organs did not vary significantly when compared with the wild-type strain. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that OCH1 silencing affects different aspects of the S. schenckii-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E Lozoya-Pérez
- Department of Biology, Division of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico,
| | | | | | - José A Martínez-Álvarez
- Department of Biology, Division of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico,
| | - Luz A López-Ramírez
- Department of Biology, Division of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico,
| | | | - Elías Trujillo-Esquivel
- Department of Biology, Division of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico,
| | - Eine Estrada-Mata
- Department of Biology, Division of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico,
| | - Sandro R Almeida
- Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Franco
- Department of Biology, Division of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico,
| | - Leila M Lopes-Bezerra
- Laboratory of Clinical Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular Mycology and Proteomics, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Department of Biology, Division of Exact and Natural Sciences, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico,
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12
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Ness T, Abdallah M, Adams J, Alvarado C, Gunn E, House B, Lamb J, Macguire J, Norris E, Robinson R, Sapp M, Sharma J, Garner R. Candida albicans-derived mannoproteins activate NF-κB in reporter cells expressing TLR4, MD2 and CD14. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189939. [PMID: 29281684 PMCID: PMC5744952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of soluble C. albicans 20A (serotype A) mannoprotein (CMP) to serve as a ligand for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its co-receptors was examined using commercially available and stably-transfected HEK293 cells that express human TLR4, MD2 and CD14, but not MR. These TLR4 reporter cells also express an NF-κB-dependent, secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene. TLR4-reporter cells exhibited a dose-dependent SEAP response to both LPS and CMP, wherein peak activation was achieved after stimulation with 40–50 μg/mL of CMP. Incubation on polymyxin B resin had no effect on CMP’s ligand activity, but neutralized LPS-spiked controls. HEK293 Null cells lacking TLR4 and possessing the same SEAP reporter failed to respond to LPS or CMP, but produced SEAP when activated with TNFα. Reporter cell NF-κB responses were accompanied by transcription of IL-8, TNFα, and COX-2 genes. Celecoxib inhibited LPS-, CMP-, and TNFα-dependent NF-κB responses; whereas, indomethacin had limited effect on LPS and CMP responses. SEAP production in response to C. albicans A9 mnn4Δ mutant CMP, lacking phosphomannosylations on N-linked glycans, was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.005) than SEAP responses to CMP derived from parental A9 (both serotype B). These data confirm that engineered human cells expressing TLR4, MD2 and CD14 can respond to CMP with NF-κB activation and the response can be influenced by variations in CMP-mannosylation. Future characterizations of CMPs from other sources and their application in this model may provide further insight into variations observed with TLR4 dependent innate immune responses targeting different C. albicans strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci Ness
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mahmud Abdallah
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jaime Adams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Claudia Alvarado
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Edwin Gunn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brittany House
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John Lamb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jack Macguire
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emily Norris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Robinson
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Morgan Sapp
- Department of Biology, Armstrong State University, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jill Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ronald Garner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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González-Hernández RJ, Jin K, Hernández-Chávez MJ, Díaz-Jiménez DF, Trujillo-Esquivel E, Clavijo-Giraldo DM, Tamez-Castrellón AK, Franco B, Gow NAR, Mora-Montes HM. Phosphomannosylation and the Functional Analysis of the Extended Candida albicans MNN4-Like Gene Family. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2156. [PMID: 29163439 PMCID: PMC5681524 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphomannosylation is a modification of cell wall proteins that occurs in some species of yeast-like organisms, including the human pathogen Candida albicans. These modified mannans confer a negative charge to the wall, which is important for the interactions with phagocytic cells of the immune systems and cationic antimicrobial peptides. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the synthesis of phosphomannan relies on two enzymes, the phosphomannosyltransferase Ktr6 and its positive regulator Mnn4. However, in C. albicans, at least three phosphomannosyltransferases, Mnn4, Mnt3 and Mnt5, participate in the addition of phosphomannan. In addition to MNN4, C. albicans has a MNN4-like gene family composed of seven other homologous members that have no known function. Here, using the classical mini-Ura-blaster approach and the new gene knockout CRISPR-Cas9 system for gene disruption, we generated mutants lacking single and multiple genes of the MNN4 family; and demonstrate that, although Mnn4 has a major impact on the phosphomannan content, MNN42 was also required for full protein phosphomannosylation. The reintroduction of MNN41, MNN42, MNN46, or MNN47 in a genetic background lacking MNN4 partially restored the phenotype associated with the mnn4Δ null mutant, suggesting that there is partial redundancy of function between some family members and that the dominant effect of MNN4 over other genes could be due to its relative abundance within the cell. We observed that additional copies of alleles number of any of the other family members, with the exception of MNN46, restored the phosphomannan content in cells lacking both MNT3 and MNT5. We, therefore, suggest that phosphomannosylation is achieved by three groups of proteins: [i] enzymes solely activated by Mnn4, [ii] enzymes activated by the dual action of Mnn4 and any of the products of other MNN4-like genes, with exception of MNN46, and [iii] activation of Mnt3 and Mnt5 by Mnn4 and Mnn46. Therefore, although the MNN4-like genes have the potential to functionally redundant with Mnn4, they apparently do not play a major role in cell wall mannosylation under most in vitro growth conditions. In addition, our phenotypic analyses indicate that several members of this gene family influence the ability of macrophages to phagocytose C. albicans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Jin
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marco J. Hernández-Chávez
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Diana F. Díaz-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Elías Trujillo-Esquivel
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Diana M. Clavijo-Giraldo
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Alma K. Tamez-Castrellón
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Bernardo Franco
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Neil A. R. Gow
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Héctor M. Mora-Montes
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
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14
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Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune phagocytes that have a central role in immune defence. Our understanding of the role of neutrophils in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathology has advanced dramatically in recent years. Web-like chromatin structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been at the forefront of this renewed interest in neutrophil biology. The identification of molecules that modulate the release of NETs has helped to refine our view of the role of NETs in immune protection, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Here, I discuss the key findings and concepts that have thus far shaped the field of NET biology.
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15
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Hernández NV, López-Ramírez LA, Díaz-Jiménez DF, Mellado-Mojica E, Martínez-Duncker I, López MG, Mora-Montes HM. Saccharomyces cerevisiae KTR4 , KTR5 and KTR7 encode mannosyltransferases differentially involved in the N - and O -linked glycosylation pathways. Res Microbiol 2017; 168:740-750. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Navarro-Arias MJ, Defosse TA, Dementhon K, Csonka K, Mellado-Mojica E, Dias Valério A, González-Hernández RJ, Courdavault V, Clastre M, Hernández NV, Pérez-García LA, Singh DK, Vizler C, Gácser A, Almeida RS, Noël T, López MG, Papon N, Mora-Montes HM. Disruption of Protein Mannosylation Affects Candida guilliermondii Cell Wall, Immune Sensing, and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1951. [PMID: 27994582 PMCID: PMC5133257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. This observation contrasts with that reported in C. albicans. Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. Accordingly, the null mutant showed inability to kill larvae in the Galleria mellonella infection model. This study thus demonstrates that mannans are relevant for the C. guilliermondii-host interaction, with an atypical role for O-linked mannans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Navarro-Arias
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Tatiana A Defosse
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de ToursTours, France; Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Université d'AngersAngers, France
| | - Karine Dementhon
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université Bordeaux 2, UMR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5234 Bordeaux, France
| | - Katalin Csonka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Mellado-Mojica
- Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Aline Dias Valério
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brazil
| | - Roberto J González-Hernández
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
| | - Nahúm V Hernández
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luis A Pérez-García
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Csaba Vizler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Gácser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ricardo S Almeida
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thierry Noël
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université Bordeaux 2, UMR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5234 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mercedes G López
- Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Université d'Angers Angers, France
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
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17
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van Wijlick L, Swidergall M, Brandt P, Ernst JF. Candida albicansresponds to glycostructure damage by Ace2-mediated feedback regulation of Cek1 signaling. Mol Microbiol 2016; 102:827-849. [DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse van Wijlick
- Department Biologie; Molekulare Mykologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität; 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
- Manchot Graduate School Molecules of Infection, Heinrich-Heine-Universität; 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Marc Swidergall
- Department Biologie; Molekulare Mykologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität; 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Philipp Brandt
- Department Biologie; Molekulare Mykologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität; 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Joachim F. Ernst
- Department Biologie; Molekulare Mykologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität; 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
- Manchot Graduate School Molecules of Infection, Heinrich-Heine-Universität; 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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18
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Mnn10 Maintains Pathogenicity in Candida albicans by Extending α-1,6-Mannose Backbone to Evade Host Dectin-1 Mediated Antifungal Immunity. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005617. [PMID: 27144456 PMCID: PMC4856274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall is a dynamic structure that is important for the pathogenicity of Candida albicans. Mannan, which is located in the outermost layer of the cell wall, has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of C. albicans, however, the molecular mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. Here we identified a novel α-1,6-mannosyltransferase encoded by MNN10 in C. albicans. We found that Mnn10 is required for cell wall α-1,6-mannose backbone biosynthesis and polysaccharides organization. Deletion of MNN10 resulted in significant attenuation of the pathogenesis of C. albicans in a murine systemic candidiasis model. Inhibition of α-1,6-mannose backbone extension did not, however, impact the invasive ability of C. albicans in vitro. Notably, mnn10 mutant restored the invasive capacity in athymic nude mice, which further supports the notion of an enhanced host antifungal defense related to this backbone change. Mnn10 mutant induced enhanced Th1 and Th17 cell mediated antifungal immunity, and resulted in enhanced recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes for pathogen clearance in vivo. We also demonstrated that MNN10 could unmask the surface β-(1,3)-glucan, a crucial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of C. albicans recognized by host Dectin-1. Our results demonstrate that mnn10 mutant could stimulate an enhanced Dectin-1 dependent immune response of macrophages in vitro, including the activation of nuclear factor-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and secretion of specific cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-12p40. In summary, our study indicated that α-1,6-mannose backbone is critical for the pathogenesis of C. albicans via shielding β-glucan from recognition by host Dectin-1 mediated immune recognition. Moreover, our work suggests that inhibition of α-1,6-mannose extension by Mnn10 may represent a novel modality to reduce the pathogenicity of C. albicans. Mannan plays a crucial role in cell wall structure and virulence of the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans. Both the invasive ability of the pathogen and the host defense against the pathogen contribute to the outcome of invasive infection. In the present study, we identified a novel α-1,6-mannosyltransferase, which was responsible for cell wall α-1,6-mannose backbone extension in C. albicans. We determined that α-1,6-mannose backbone is necessary for the pathogenesis of C. albicans due to its ability to shield β-(1,3)-glucan from the host Dectin-1 recognition and Th1/Th7 response. Our study highlights a novel strategy to enhance the host immune response towards C. albicans.
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19
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Pérez-García LA, Csonka K, Flores-Carreón A, Estrada-Mata E, Mellado-Mojica E, Németh T, López-Ramírez LA, Toth R, López MG, Vizler C, Marton A, Tóth A, Nosanchuk JD, Gácser A, Mora-Montes HM. Role of Protein Glycosylation in Candida parapsilosis Cell Wall Integrity and Host Interaction. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:306. [PMID: 27014229 PMCID: PMC4781877 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is an important, emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen. Highly mannosylated fungal cell wall proteins are initial contact points with host immune systems. In Candida albicans, Och1 is a Golgi α1,6-mannosyltransferase that plays a key role in the elaboration of the N-linked mannan outer chain. Here, we disrupted C. parapsilosis OCH1 to gain insights into the contribution of N-linked mannosylation to cell fitness and to interactions with immune cells. Loss of Och1 in C. parapsilosis resulted in cellular aggregation, failure of morphogenesis, enhanced susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents and defects in wall composition. We removed the cell wall O-linked mannans by β-elimination, and assessed the relevance of mannans during interaction with human monocytes. Results indicated that O-linked mannans are important for IL-1β stimulation in a dectin-1 and TLR4-dependent pathway; whereas both, N- and O-linked mannans are equally important ligands for TNFα and IL-6 stimulation, but neither is involved in IL-10 production. Furthermore, mice infected with C. parapsilosis och1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to wild-type (WT)-challenged counterparts. Therefore, our data are the first to demonstrate that C. parapsilosis N- and O-linked mannans have different roles in host interactions than those reported for C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Pérez-García
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Katalin Csonka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Arturo Flores-Carreón
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Eine Estrada-Mata
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Erika Mellado-Mojica
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Tibor Németh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Luz A López-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Renata Toth
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mercedes G López
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Csaba Vizler
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annamaria Marton
- Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adél Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Joshua D Nosanchuk
- Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Attila Gácser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
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Comparative Analysis of Protein Glycosylation Pathways in Humans and the Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans. Int J Microbiol 2014; 2014:267497. [PMID: 25104959 PMCID: PMC4106090 DOI: 10.1155/2014/267497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation pathways are present in all kingdoms of life and are metabolic pathways found in all the life kingdoms. Despite sharing commonalities in their synthesis, glycans attached to glycoproteins have species-specific structures generated by the presence of different sets of enzymes and acceptor substrates in each organism. In this review, we present a comparative analysis of the main glycosylation pathways shared by humans and the fungal pathogen Candida albicans: N-linked glycosylation, O-linked mannosylation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchorage. The knowledge of similarities and divergences between these metabolic pathways could help find new pharmacological targets for C. albicans infection.
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Moragues MD, Rementeria A, Sevilla MJ, Eraso E, Quindos G. Candidaantigens and immune responses: implications for a vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1001-12. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.932253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Hall RA, Gow NAR. Mannosylation in Candida albicans: role in cell wall function and immune recognition. Mol Microbiol 2013; 90:1147-61. [PMID: 24125554 PMCID: PMC4112839 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The fungal cell wall is a dynamic organelle required for cell shape, protection against the environment and, in pathogenic species, recognition by the innate immune system. The outer layer of the cell wall is comprised of glycosylated mannoproteins with the majority of these post‐translational modifications being the addition of O‐ and N‐linked mannosides. These polysaccharides are exposed on the outer surface of the fungal cell wall and are, therefore, the first point of contact between the fungus and the host immune system. This review focuses on O‐ and N‐linked mannan biosynthesis in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans and highlights new insights gained from the characterization of mannosylation mutants into the role of these cell wall components in host–fungus interactions. In addition, we discuss the use of fungal mannan as a diagnostic marker of fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Hall
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB252ZD, UK
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