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Holmberg SM, Feeney RH, Prasoodanan P K V, Puértolas-Balint F, Singh DK, Wongkuna S, Zandbergen L, Hauner H, Brandl B, Nieminen AI, Skurk T, Schroeder BO. The gut commensal Blautia maintains colonic mucus function under low-fiber consumption through secretion of short-chain fatty acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3502. [PMID: 38664378 PMCID: PMC11045866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Beneficial gut bacteria are indispensable for developing colonic mucus and fully establishing its protective function against intestinal microorganisms. Low-fiber diet consumption alters the gut bacterial configuration and disturbs this microbe-mucus interaction, but the specific bacteria and microbial metabolites responsible for maintaining mucus function remain poorly understood. By using human-to-mouse microbiota transplantation and ex vivo analysis of colonic mucus function, we here show as a proof-of-concept that individuals who increase their daily dietary fiber intake can improve the capacity of their gut microbiota to prevent diet-mediated mucus defects. Mucus growth, a critical feature of intact colonic mucus, correlated with the abundance of the gut commensal Blautia, and supplementation of Blautia coccoides to mice confirmed its mucus-stimulating capacity. Mechanistically, B. coccoides stimulated mucus growth through the production of the short-chain fatty acids propionate and acetate via activation of the short-chain fatty acid receptor Ffar2, which could serve as a new target to restore mucus growth during mucus-associated lifestyle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Holmberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) and Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rachel H Feeney
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) and Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vishnu Prasoodanan P K
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) and Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fabiola Puértolas-Balint
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) and Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dhirendra K Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) and Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Supapit Wongkuna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) and Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lotte Zandbergen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) and Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Hauner
- Institute in Nutritional Medicine, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
- TU Munich, School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Brandl
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anni I Nieminen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Skurk
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bjoern O Schroeder
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS) and Umeå Center for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Frazer LC, Yamaguchi Y, Singh DK, Akopyants NS, Good M. DNA methylation in necrotizing enterocolitis. Expert Rev Mol Med 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38557638 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2024.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Frazer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yukihiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dhirendra K Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Natalia S Akopyants
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Singh DK, Shankar D, Yadav K, Kaif M. Rete middle cerebral artery presenting with a ruptured aneurysm. J Postgrad Med 2024; 70:109-112. [PMID: 37787263 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_152_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The developmental anomaly of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is a rare occurrence. Rete MCA, also known as "unfused," "twig-like," and aplastic MCA, is an even rarer anomaly. These immature rete vessels are prone to flow-related aneurysms which rupture themselves presenting with intraparenchymal hematoma. We here with present a case of rete MCA with a ruptured aneurysm and discuss its pathophysiology and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Srivastava R, Singh DK, Thomas PA, Raza H, Sangamesh NC, Bagde HS. Comparative Analysis of Tissue Copper Levels in Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) Patients. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2024; 16:S629-S631. [PMID: 38595535 PMCID: PMC11001069 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_904_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a recognized potentially malignant oral condition linked to the consumption of areca nut. Chewing areca nut has been shown to elevate soluble copper levels in mouth fluids. Materials and Methods Participants: The study included a panel of 30 patients with OSMF from Rama Dental College, Kanpur, India, and 30 nonareca chewing individuals serving as controls. Tissue Sample Collection and Analysis: Buccal mucosal biopsies were obtained from both OSMF patients and controls. The tissue copper concentrations were quantified using mass absorption spectrometry (MAS). Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) was employed to identify the presence and distribution of copper in the tissue. Statistical Analysis Statistical comparisons were performed using appropriate methods, with a P-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results MAS analysis revealed that the mean tissue copper level was 6.2 ± 3.1 micrograms per gram (μg/g) in OSMF specimens (n = 30), slightly higher than the 4.5 ± 2.0 μg/g in the nonareca chewing controls (n = 30) (P = 0.1). EDX analysis showed distinct copper peaks in both the epithelium (22/23) and connective tissue (18/23) of OSMF specimens compared to control biopsies. These findings were corroborated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in a subset of samples. Conclusion The study revealed higher copper concentrations in buccal mucosal tissue of OSMF patients from Rama Dental College, Kanpur, suggesting a potential connection between copper and the initiation of OSMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Srivastava
- Department of Oral medicine and Radiology, Rama Dental College Hospital and Research Center, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Department of Periodontology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pallavi A. Thomas
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Tagore Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hadi Raza
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Mithila Minority Dental College and Hospital, Darbhanga, Bihar, India
| | - N. C. Sangamesh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT DU, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Hiroj S. Bagde
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, CDCRI, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, India
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Pant AD, Ruhela R, Pilllai AS, Singh DK, Tomar BS. Rapid and reliable assaying of Tc-99 in sediment samples with novel MTPN polymeric resin. J Environ Radioact 2023; 270:107297. [PMID: 37738760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes a new method for the rapid determination of Technetium (Tc) in sediment samples using solid-phase extraction chromatography (SPEC) with a novel methyl triphenyl phosphoniumnitrate (MTPN) resin. The effectiveness of the resin in selectively recovering Tc was evaluated in both batch and column mode and exploited for rapid analysis of 'Tc'. The procedure involves the acid digestion of samples, pre-concentration of fission products in supernatant and co-precipitation of actinides with Fe(OH)3, followed by selective recovery of Tc by SPEC using a column filled with MTPN resin. The recovered Tc was then radiometrically assayed using beta counting. The method was validated using IAEA certified reference materials and was found to provide reliable and reproducible results for the activity concentration of Tc-99 in sediment samples within 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar D Pant
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - R Ruhela
- Material Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | | | - D K Singh
- Material Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division, India
| | - B S Tomar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
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Guo J, Ghosh P, Hill D, Chen Y, Stingaciu L, Zolnierczuk P, Ullrich CA, Singh DK. Persistent dynamic magnetic state in artificial honeycomb spin ice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5212. [PMID: 37626129 PMCID: PMC10457338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Topological magnetic charges, arising due to the non-vanishing magnetic flux on spin ice vertices, serve as the origin of magnetic monopoles that traverse the underlying lattice effortlessly. Unlike spin ice materials of atomic origin, the dynamic state in artificial honeycomb spin ice is conventionally described in terms of finite size domain wall kinetics that require magnetic field or current application. Contrary to this common understanding, here we show that a thermally tunable artificial permalloy honeycomb lattice exhibits a perpetual dynamic state due to self-propelled magnetic charge defect relaxation in the absence of any external tuning agent. Quantitative investigation of magnetic charge defect dynamics using neutron spin echo spectroscopy reveals sub-ns relaxation times that are comparable to the relaxation of monopoles in bulk spin ices. Most importantly, the kinetic process remains unabated at low temperature where thermal fluctuation is negligible. This suggests that dynamic phenomena in honeycomb spin ice are mediated by quasi-particle type entities, also confirmed by dynamic Monte-Carlo simulations that replicate the kinetic behavior. Our research unveils a macroscopic magnetic particle that shares many known traits of quantum particles, namely magnetic monopole and magnon.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - P Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - D Hill
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - L Stingaciu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - P Zolnierczuk
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - C A Ullrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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Jatav MS, Sarangi A, Singh DK, Sahoo RN, Varghese C. Advanced machine learning-based kharif maize evapotranspiration estimation in semi-arid climate. Water Sci Technol 2023; 88:991-1014. [PMID: 37651334 PMCID: wst_2023_253 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Accurate Crop Evapotranspiration (ETc) estimation is crucial for understanding hydrological and agrometeorological processes, yet it's challenged by multiple parameters, data variations, and lack of continuity. These limitations restrict numerical methods application. To address this, the study aims to develop and assess ML models for daily maize ETc in semi-arid areas, utilizing varied weather inputs. Five ML models viz., Category Boosting (CB), Linear Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) were developed and validated for the ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, Research Station. Penman-Monteith (PM) model estimated ETc values are used as the standard for comparing the performance of the ML model values. Results revealed that the SVM model achieved the highest coefficient of determination (R2) among all models, with a value of 0.987. Furthermore, the SVM model exhibited the lowest model errors (MAE = 0.121 mm day-1, RMSE = 0.172 mm day-1, and MAPE = 4.37%) compared to other models. The ANN model also demonstrated promising results, comparable to the SVM model. Notably, the wind speed parameter was found most influential input parameter. In conclusion, SVM or ANN could be considered reliable alternative methods for the accurate estimation of kharif maize crop ETc in the semi-arid climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malkhan Singh Jatav
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India E-mail:
| | - A Sarangi
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - D K Singh
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - R N Sahoo
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Cini Varghese
- Division of Agricultural Statistics, ICAR-IASRI, New Delhi 110012, India
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Frazer LC, Yamaguchi Y, Jania CM, Lanik WE, Gong Q, Singh DK, Mackay S, Akopyants NS, Good M. Microfluidic Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Incorporating Human Neonatal Intestinal Enteroids and a Dysbiotic Microbiome. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65605. [PMID: 37590536 PMCID: PMC11003451 DOI: 10.3791/65605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe and potentially fatal intestinal disease that has been difficult to study due to its complex pathogenesis, which remains incompletely understood. The pathophysiology of NEC includes disruption of intestinal tight junctions, increased gut barrier permeability, epithelial cell death, microbial dysbiosis, and dysregulated inflammation. Traditional tools to study NEC include animal models, cell lines, and human or mouse intestinal organoids. While studies using those model systems have improved the field's understanding of disease pathophysiology, their ability to recapitulate the complexity of human NEC is limited. An improved in vitro model of NEC using microfluidic technology, named NEC-on-a-chip, has now been developed. The NEC-on-a-chip model consists of a microfluidic device seeded with intestinal enteroids derived from a preterm neonate, co-cultured with human endothelial cells and the microbiome from an infant with severe NEC. This model is a valuable tool for mechanistic studies into the pathophysiology of NEC and a new resource for drug discovery testing for neonatal intestinal diseases. In this manuscript, a detailed description of the NEC-on-a-chip model will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Frazer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Yukihiro Yamaguchi
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Corey M Jania
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Qingqing Gong
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Dhirendra K Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Stephen Mackay
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Natalia S Akopyants
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
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Bajoria AA, Chinnannavar SN, Mishra S, Singh DK, Pathi J, Jha VK. Comparative Evaluation of Pimecrolimus Cream 1% and Triamcinolone Aceonide Paste in Treatment of Atrophic-Erosive Oral Lichen Planus. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S1274-S1276. [PMID: 37694075 PMCID: PMC10485432 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_127_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was done to assess the effects of pimecrolimus cream 1% and triamcinolone aceonide paste in the treatment of atrophic-erosive oral lichen planus. Materials and Methods A total of 100 patients diagnosed both clinically and histopathologically as lichen planus were considered in the present study. Subjects were classified into two groups. Group I: Patients in this group were treated with 1% pimecrolimus cream and Group II: Patients falling under this group were treated with triamcinolone acetonide in 0.1% concentration. Results None of the patients reported worsening clinical signs and symptoms. No significant difference in efficacy and reduction in burning sensation of either pimecrolimus or trimcinolone acetonide was present. Conclusion Present study found no significant difference in the efficacy of both the agents studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Anand Bajoria
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sangamesh Ningappa Chinnannavar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Silpiranjan Mishra
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Department of Periodontics, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jugajyoti Pathi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Vikash K. Jha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Sahoo SK, Mishra S, Chinnannavar SN, Bajoria AA, Das A, Singh DK. Assessment of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Receiving Corticobasal Dental Implants. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S1036-S1039. [PMID: 37694072 PMCID: PMC10485463 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_236_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Among various treatment modalities for tooth replacement, dental implants are considered the best one. This study assessed the effects of smoking, periodontitis, and diabetes on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients receiving corticobasal dental implants. Materials and Methods One hundred twenty patients of either gender who received corticobasal dental implants were enrolled. All were subjected to Oral Health Impact Profile-20 (OHIP-20) for dental implant patients (OHRQoL questionnaire). The patient satisfaction level was measured on a scale with points ranging from 0 to 5. The value 0 indicates no satisfaction, whereas the value 5 shows highly satisfied. Results Of 120 patients, males were 70 and females were 50. The overall satisfaction level was 4.92, articulation speech was 4.12, implants were 4.80, and construction was 4.88. The overall satisfaction, articulation speech, implants, and construction values in patients with and without diabetes were 4.90 vs 4.93, 4.56 vs 4.86, 4.76 vs 4.92, and 4.94 vs 4.83, respectively. The overall satisfaction, articulation speech, implants, and construction values in patients with and without smoking were 4.83 vs 4.91, 4.52 vs 4.88, 4.70 vs 4.82, and 4.12 vs 4.84, respectively. The overall satisfaction, articulation speech, implants, and construction values in patients with and without periodontitis were 4.72 vs 4.96, 4.52 vs 4.88, 4.73 vs 4.98, and 4.81 vs 4.95, respectively. The overall satisfaction, articulation speech, implants, and construction values in patients with one to three risk factors and control were 4.85 vs 4.96, 4.82 vs 4.94, 4.88 vs 4.97, and 4.76 vs 4.86, respectively. There was a significant difference in pain, infections and/or swelling, sleeping problems, problems with self-confidence, taste, chewing discomfort and/or difficulties, and influence on food choice before and after in patients treated with corticobasal dental implants (P < 0.05). Conclusion The satisfaction level is higher after obtaining corticobasal dental implants in patients with diabetes, smoking, and periodontitis as compared to control. Thus, corticobasal dental implants may be considered alternate treatment options for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K. Sahoo
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Silpiranjan Mishra
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sangamesh Ningappa Chinnannavar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Atul A. Bajoria
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Asutosh Das
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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11
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Srivastava R, Bagde H, Thomas PA, Ahmed SB, Singh DK, Tiwari MK. Evaluation of Hearing Performance in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Relation to Different Grades. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S1101-S1103. [PMID: 37693991 PMCID: PMC10485522 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_206_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background OSMF is now recognized worldwide as an Indian disease. Blanching and rigidity of the oral mucosa, impaired mobility of the soft palate and tongue, difficulty opening the mouth, burning sensation, lack of gustatory sensation, and mild deafness due to Eustachian tube dysfunction. Soft palatal muscles often affect Eustachian tube function. Materials and Methods Rama Dental College Hospital and research center Kanpur conducted a cross-sectional study. 60 OSMF patients were randomly selected for this study. Visible light was used for a detailed case history and clinical examination. OSMF was diagnosed by difficulty opening the mouth, blanched oral mucosa, and palpable fibrous bands. Burning, salivation, tongue protrusion, habits, and malignant changes were also diagnostic. ENT specialists used pure tone audiometry to examine the ear (PTA). Results Out of 60 patients 59 were males and 1 female. The participants who took part in this study ranged in age from 18 to 65. Pure tone audiometry of 120 years, 84 (70%) revealed normal hearing, 10 (8.33%) revealed minimal hearing loss, 14 (11.67%) revealed mild hearing loss and 12 (10%) revealed moderate hearing loss. Conclusion In order to improve the success rate of treatment, the protocol for managing OSMF patients should therefore include ENT consultation and hearing impairment treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Srivastava
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rama Dental College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Hiroj Bagde
- Department of Periodontology, Rama Dental College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi A. Thomas
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Al-Azhar Dental College, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Syed B. Ahmed
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Department of Periodontology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
| | - Manish K. Tiwari
- Department of Periodontology Maharana Pratap Dental College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sami AS, Frazer LC, Miller CM, Singh DK, Clodfelter LG, Orgel KA, Good M. The role of human milk nutrients in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1188050. [PMID: 37334221 PMCID: PMC10272619 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1188050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that primarily impacts preterm infants. The pathophysiology of NEC involves a complex interplay of factors that result in a deleterious immune response, injury to the intestinal mucosa, and in its most severe form, irreversible intestinal necrosis. Treatments for NEC remain limited, but one of the most effective preventative strategies for NEC is the provision of breast milk feeds. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which bioactive nutrients in breast milk impact neonatal intestinal physiology and the development of NEC. We also review experimental models of NEC that have been used to study the role of breast milk components in disease pathophysiology. These models are necessary to accelerate mechanistic research and improve outcomes for neonates with NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S. Sami
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren C. Frazer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire M. Miller
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lynda G. Clodfelter
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kelly A. Orgel
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Mackay S, Frazer LC, Bailey GK, Miller CM, Gong Q, Dewitt ON, Singh DK, Good M. Identification of serum biomarkers for necrotizing enterocolitis using aptamer-based proteomics. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1184940. [PMID: 37325361 PMCID: PMC10264655 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1184940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially fatal intestinal disease primarily affecting preterm infants. Early diagnosis of neonates with NEC is crucial to improving outcomes; however, traditional diagnostic tools remain inadequate. Biomarkers represent an opportunity to improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis, but they are not routinely used in clinical practice. Methods In this study, we utilized an aptamer-based proteomic discovery assay to identify new serum biomarkers of NEC. We compared levels of serum proteins in neonates with and without NEC and identified ten differentially expressed serum proteins between these groups. Results We detected two proteins, C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16) and immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 and 2 heterodimer (IGHA1 IGHA2), that were significantly increased during NEC and eight that were significantly decreased. Generation of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that alpha-fetoprotein (AUC = 0.926), glucagon (AUC = 0.860), and IGHA1 IGHA2 (AUC = 0.826) were the proteins that best differentiated patients with and without NEC. Discussion These findings indicate that further investigation into these serum proteins as a biomarker for NEC is warranted. In the future, laboratory tests incorporating these differentially expressed proteins may improve the ability of clinicians to diagnose infants with NEC rapidly and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mackay
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren C. Frazer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Grace K. Bailey
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire M. Miller
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Olivia N. Dewitt
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Ghosh P, Guo J, Ye F, Heitmann T, Kelley S, Ernst A, Dugaev V, Singh DK. NiSi: New Venue for Antiferromagnetic Spintronics. Adv Mater 2023:e2302120. [PMID: 37080560 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Envisaging antiferromagnetic spintronics pivots on two key criteria of high transition temperature and tuning of underlying magnetic order using straightforward application of magnetic field or electric current. Here, we show that NiSi metal can provide suitable new platform in this quest. First, our study unveils high temperature antiferromagnetism in single crystal NiSi with TN ⩾ 700 K. Antiferromagnetic order in NiSi is accompanied by the non-centrosymmetric magnetic character with small ferromagnetic component in a-c plane. Second, we find that NiSi manifests distinct magnetic and electronic hysteresis responses to field applications due to the disparity in two moment directions. While magnetic hysteresis is characterized by one-step switching between ferromagnetic states of uncompensated moment, electronic behavior is ascribed to metamagnetic switching phenomena between non-collinear spin configurations. Importantly, the switching behaviors persist to high temperature. The properties underscore the importance of NiSi in the pursuit of antiferromagnetic spintronics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - J Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - F Ye
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - T Heitmann
- University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - S Kelley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - A Ernst
- Institut for Theoretical Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - V Dugaev
- Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- MU Materials Science and Engineering Institute, Columbia, MO, USA
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15
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Guo J, Sarikhani A, Ghosh P, Heitmann T, Hor YS, Singh DK. Chemically induced ferromagnetism near room temperature in single crystal (Zn 1-x Cr x )Te half-metal. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8551-8556. [PMID: 36936828 PMCID: PMC10015435 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic semiconductors are at the core of recent spintronics research endeavors. Chemically doped II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductors, such as (Zn1-x Cr x )Te, provide a promising platform in this quest. However, a detailed knowledge of the microscopic nature of magnetic ground state is necessary for any practical application. Here, we report on the synergistic study of (Zn1-x Cr x )Te single crystals using elastic neutron scattering measurements and density functional calculations. For the first time, our research unveils the intrinsic properties of ferromagnetic state in a macroscopic specimen of (Zn0.8Cr0.2)Te. The ferromagnetism is onset at T C ∼ 290 K and remains somewhat independent to modest change in the substitution coefficient x. We show that magnetic moments on Zn/Cr sites develop ferromagnetic correlation in the a-c plane with a large ordered moment of μ = 3.08 μ B. Magnetic moment across the lattice is induced via the mediation of Te sites, uncoupled to the number of dopant carriers as inferred from the density functional calculation. Additionally, the ab initio calculations also reveal half-metallicity in x = 0.2 composition. These properties are highly desirable for future spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | - A Sarikhani
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA
| | - P Ghosh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | - T Heitmann
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Columbia MO USA
| | - Y S Hor
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla MO USA
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
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16
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Waghaye AM, Singh DK, Sarangi A, Sena DR, Sahoo RN, Sarkar SK. Identification of suitable zones and sites for rainwater harvesting using GIS and multicriteria decision analysis. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:279. [PMID: 36609939 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Identifying suitable zones for surface water storage and groundwater recharge is needed to enhance irrigation water availability. This study was undertaken to map rainwater harvesting (RWH) potential zones using geospatial tools and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The suitable locations for RWH were also mapped using the Boolean logic concept. The surface runoff is a vital factor to demarcate the appropriate zones for RWH. The curve number approach was used to estimate the surface runoff potential. The runoff coefficient (RC) map was generated based on rainfall and surface runoff depth. Weights have been allocated to selected themes of RC, drainage density, and slope. The themes were integrated using geographic information system (GIS) and AHP to demarcate the suitable zones for RWH. The derived RWH potential map was categorized into zones like "very good," "good," "moderate," "poor," and "very poor" with an aerial extent of 14.3%, 24.7%, 28.3%, 20.2%, and 12.6%, respectively. The area suitable for farm ponds was found to be about 9% (408 km2), 13% (329 km2), and 4% (244 km2) in Mirzapur, Chandauli, and Sonbhadra districts, respectively. Furthermore, 22, 15, and 21 locations were found suitable for check dams in Mirzapur, Chandauli, and Sonbhadra districts, respectively. At a large scale, effective planning of water management strategies based on multicriteria decision analysis and GIS offers increased availability of surface and groundwater resources and may help for enhancing the agricultural land use options. The higher resolution maps may be further utilized to plan RWH strategies at village level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Waghaye
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - D K Singh
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A Sarangi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - D R Sena
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - R N Sahoo
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Sarkar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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17
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Roy S, Singh DK, Manohar B. Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain and tissue response in patients undergoing conventional flap surgeries with or without 940 nm diode laser exposure - A randomized clinical study. J Educ Health Promot 2022; 11:417. [PMID: 36824074 PMCID: PMC9942145 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_568_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past few years, a growing body of evidence has allowed us to ascertain that the initiation of periodontitis stems from the existence of oral microbial biofilm and that this requires definitive treatment. Owing to its exceptional usability, affordability, and antibacterial activity, the "diode laser" (DL) has increasingly become a popular and important tool in a dentist's armamentarium. However, there is a scarcity of scientific evidence on the utility and advantages of using "diode laser" in periodontal flap surgery. The study aimed to determine the efficacy of 940 nm diode laser exposure in combination with conventional periodontal flap surgery for the treatment of chronic periodontitis to evaluate postoperative discomfort and clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 subjects (7 males and 3 females) with generalized chronic periodontitis were recruited and completed the study without any dropouts. For this split-mouth study, 40 sample sites with pocket probing depth (PPD) 5-7 mm post periodontal Phase I therapy were selected. The quadrants were randomly allocated to Groups A, B, C, and D using the fish bowl lottery method. Kirkland flap surgery with laser and modified Widman flap (MWF) with laser were performed in Group A and C, respectively, while Kirkland flap surgery and MWF surgery were performed in Group B and Group D. Clinical parameters including visual analog scale (VAS) score and gingival inflammation were determined at 3rd and 7th day postoperatively while PPD, clinical attachment level (CAL), and sulcus bleeding index (SBI) were recorded at baseline and 6 months following treatment. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for intra-group and inter-group comparison of parameters, respectively. RESULTS Statistically significant difference was attained with postoperative discomfort in laser-assisted groups on 1st and 3rd day postoperatively (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the proportion of subjects with gingival inflammation. A statistically significant reduction in mean PPD at 6 months postoperatively was seen among all study groups (P < 0.05) but the inter-group difference was not statistically significant. SBI score reduced significantly from baseline to 6 months follow-up among all four groups (P < 0.05). However, we did not find the inter-group difference to be statistically non-significant. CONCLUSION Diode laser as an adjunct to the surgical procedure can demonstrate appreciable benefits by increasing the CAL and minimizing the postoperative pain and the probing pocket, but such additional effects were not observed with gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences- KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences- KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Balaji Manohar
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences- KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Kumar PS, Gupta SK, Singh DK, Raina S. Study to Determine Role of Fungus in Cases of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with or without Nasal Polyps in Indian Population. BJOHNS 2022. [DOI: 10.47210/bjohns.2022.v30i1.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with or without nasal polyps is a significant public health burden worldwide and owing to its multifactorial etiology, it is often encountered across various medical and surgical specialities. Role of fungus in etiology of CRS has been debated for decades altogether and there is plethora of researches on cellular, molecular and biochemical aspects of fungal presence in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and how it affects. Although, there is denial at large on fungal effects on development of CRS, but the question, that whether concomitant and demonstrable presence of fungus in cases of CRS aggravates classic symptoms and signs, largely remains unanswered.
Material and Methods
This cohort study includes 121 subjects, which were divided in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) on basis of rigid nasal endoscopic findings. Severity of disease symptoms, among these groups was corelated with Lund – Mackay (LM) symptom scores and extent of disease with LM endoscopic staging scores and LM radiology scores. Histopathology samples for demonstrating presence of fungus were taken and cohort was further subdivided into Fungi positive CRS and Fungi negative CRS, and, LM scores were compared.
Results
In fungi positive CRS group, mean LM symptoms score was 7.09 with standard deviation (SD) ±1.07; mean LM endoscopy score was 6.64 with SD ±1.94 and LM radiological score was 14.58 with SD ±2.96. In Fungi negative group, mean LM symptoms score was 3.58 with
SD ±1.30; mean LM endoscopy score was 4.47 with SD ±1.57 and LM radiological score was 12.20 with SD ±2.98.
Conclusion
Results of this study were statistically significant that fungi positive group was found to have more severe symptoms and larger extent of disease as compared to fungi negative group which indicate that fungal presence may have a role in escalation of symptoms, signs and radiological scores and it may aggravate pre-existing CRS.
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19
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Dash M, Pathi J, Singh DK, Sangamesh NC. Intraosseous Hemangioma with unusual presentation. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5662-5666. [PMID: 36505628 PMCID: PMC9730978 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1673_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrabony vascular lesions are extremely rare conditions. The lesions include 0.5% to 1% of all intraosseous tumors. Females are more predilected than males with a female: male ratio of 2:1, usually affecting the second decade of life. Most common sites of occurrence of these lesions are in the vertebral column and skull, jaws are the rare location with the mandible being the quite rare location. The origin of hemangiomas is still doubtful. Many of the authors believe it as hamartoma but as per World Health Organization, it as a true benign neoplasm of vascular origin. The clinical presentation of hemangiomas is variable with atypical radiographic presentations. Due to the varied presentations of this lesion, the diagnosis becomes very difficult. But diagnosing central hemangiomas early is essential for preventing uncontrollable hemorrhage and even death during any surgical intervention. We present a case of intraosseous cavernous hemangioma which presented as periapical radiolucency with specks of calcification, quiet a rare presentation. The case was managed by embolization followed by surgical resection of the body of the mandible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Dash
- Paediatric Pathogy, Seth GS and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jugajyoti Pathi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT DU, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT DU, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - NC Sangamesh
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT DU, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sangamesh NC, Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT DU, Bhubaneswar, India. E-mail:
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20
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Rai R, Singh DK, Bhakhri BK. Hypothyroxinemia in sick term neonates and its risk factors in an extramural neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective cohort study. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2022; 66:466-471. [PMID: 35657132 PMCID: PMC10697644 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective Thyroid functions in the sick newborns may be altered in the first week of life. Transient hypothyroxinemia has been reported in these babies, which could be due to the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis or to acute illness. We conducted this study to estimate the incidence of hypothyroxinemia and determine its risk factors in sick term newborns. Materials and methods We analyzed free T4 (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in sick term neonates (≤7 days of life) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. FT4 and TSH levels were estimated in the first week of life in all the enrolled neonates (N = 98) and then repeated at 14-21 days of life in 46 babies. Risk analysis was conducted using univariate and multivariate logistic regression, and numerical data was compared using the Mann-Whitney U test and t-test. Results Hypothyroxinemia was seen in 10 (10.2%) of the admitted term babies. Male gender, vaginal delivery, presence of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, and need for mechanical ventilation (>24 hours) were identified as risk factors. There was a significant negative linear correlation between FT4 level in the first week of life and duration of hospital stay. Conclusion Hypothyroxinemia is common in sick term neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Rai
- Department of Neonatology (Maternal Reproductive Health), Super Speciality Pediatric Hospital and Postgraduate Teaching Institute, Noida, UP, India,
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Super Speciality Pediatric Hospital and Postgraduate Teaching Institute, Noida, UP, India
| | - Bhanu Kiran Bhakhri
- Department of Pediatrics, Super Speciality Pediatric Hospital and Postgraduate Teaching Institute, Noida, UP, India
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21
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Baral S, Singh DK, Kumar SP. Assessing the Knowledge, Anxiety and Fear of Patients Visiting Dental Hospital during COVID-19 Pandemic in Bhubaneswar City, Odisha. A Questionnaire Cross-sectional Survey. JPRI 2022. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i10b35521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Ease of transmission of COVID-19 makes people scared of getting infected with COVID-19 hence making them reluctant to visit dental health care providers, which delays dental care during COVID-19.
Aim & Objectives of the Study: To analyze the knowledge, anxiety and fear of subjects visiting dental hospital during COVID-19 pandemic in Bhubaneswar city, Odisha State, India, using a questionnaire form.
Materials and Methods: A total of 111 subjects visiting the outpatient of Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences (KIDS), Bhubaneswar who were indicated for any dental treatment were selected for the study. Fear and anxiety of the subjects was assessed before and after the required dental treatment using a questionnaire consisting. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 23 software.
Results: The result shows that majority of the subjects lack proper knowledge and were anxious to receive the treatment. Upon proper consultation and treatment, fear and anxiety reduced to a significant level.
Conclusion: Assessing pre-treatment anxiety using a questionnaire helps in modification in the treatment approach as well as the in the ambience of the dental clinic or hospital during COVID-19.
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22
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Singh DK, Miller CM, Orgel KA, Dave M, Mackay S, Good M. Necrotizing enterocolitis: Bench to bedside approaches and advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1107404. [PMID: 36714655 PMCID: PMC9874231 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1107404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating, multifactorial disease mainly affecting the intestine of premature infants. Recent discoveries have significantly enhanced our understanding of risk factors, as well as, cellular and genetic mechanisms of this complex disease. Despite these advancements, no essential, single risk factor, nor the mechanism by which each risk factor affects NEC has been elucidated. Nonetheless, recent research indicates that maternal factors, antibiotic exposure, feeding, hypoxia, and altered gut microbiota pose a threat to the underdeveloped immunity of preterm infants. Here we review predisposing factors, status of unwarranted immune responses, and microbial pathogenesis in NEC based on currently available scientific evidence. We additionally discuss novel techniques and models used to study NEC and how this research translates from the bench to the bedside into potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra K Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire M Miller
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kelly A Orgel
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mili Dave
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen Mackay
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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23
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Yadav MS, Singh VK, Singh DK. Efficacy of Gentamicin versus Chlorhexidine as a Sole Prophylactic Oral Decontaminant in Reducing the Incidence of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: A Randomised Clinical Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2022. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2022/58684.17095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection. Aspiration of bacteria from the upper digestive tract is important in the pathogenesis of this infection. Oral decontamination using antiseptic like chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of VAP but not mortality. There is conflicting results about oral decontamination with antibiotics in preventing VAP, some suggesting benefit and others showing no benefit. Aim: To use two different prophylactic oral decontaminant, gentamicin and chlorhexidine, to compare the incidence of VAP, prevalence of bacterial flora, duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay, and mortality. Materials and Methods: The present study was a randomised, clinical study conducted at Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2017 to December 2018. Patients intubated within 24 hours of admission and who needed mechanical ventilation with an expected duration of more than 48 hours were included. All the adult patients between age group 18-50 years were included in study. Patients were randomised to receive either Topical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis (TAP) with 2% gentamicin (Group G) or to 2% chlorhexidine (Group C). Patients were followed until extubation or death. Sequential cultures from endotracheal tube were sent on days 3,7,14, and 21, and for oropharyngeal swab culture were sent on days 0, 3,7,14 and 21. VAP was diagnosed with the help of Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS). Results: Out of 151 patients, 82 patients were placed in group G (2% gentamicin) and 69 in group C (2% chlorhexidine). On follow-up of various interval among both the groups, CPIS increased with ICU stay but incidence of VAP was comparable between the groups (50% vs 71%, p=0.009). Pseudomonas was found to be most prevalent bacteria among both the groups. Discharge rate from ICU was higher in group G (54.9%) than group C (52.2%) (p-value=0.744). The mortality rate was higher in the group C (43.9%) than group G (44.9%) (p-value=0.744). Conclusion: Prophylactic oral-decontamination with gentamicin or chlorhexidine does not reduce incidence of VAP and outcome among ICU patients. Gentamicin could be a better option for patients on ventilator because it may lead to less colonisation of Pseudomonas in oral cavity along with lower CPIS in the later stages of VAP.
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Singh R, Singh A, Singh DK, Nazeer J, Singh S. Comparative evaluation of 2D miniplates and 3D miniplates fixation in mandibular angle fracture - A clinical study. Indian J Dent Res 2020; 31:134-137. [PMID: 32246696 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_885_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mandibular angle fracture is common in road traffic accidents. This study was conducted to compare 3D miniplate system with 2D plates for treatment of mandibular angle fractures. Materials and Methods The study was conducted on 120 patients with mandibular angle fracture of both genders. After selecting patients, patients were divided into 2 groups of 60 each. In group I, patients were treated with 3D, 2.0-mm titanium plates, and in group II, patients were treated with 2D, 2.0-mm titanium miniplate in mandibular angle fracture. Patients were evaluated regularly after 1, 3, and 6 months for outcome of treatment. Results In group I, males were 22 and females were 38. In group II, males were 40 and females were 20. Right angle fracture was seen in 32 patients in group I and 26 in group II. Left angle fracture was seen in 24 in group I and 28 in group II. Right angle and left parasymphysis fracture was seen in 3 in group I and 4 in group II. Left angle and right parasymphysis fracture was seen in 1 in group I and 2 in group II. [Table 3], [Graph 1] shows that in group I, after 1 month sensory deficit was present in 5 patients and in group II in 12 patients. After 3 months, there were no patients with sensory deficit in group I and 2 in group II. Preoperatively in group I, mouth opening was 24 mm and in group II patients was 25.80 mm, which increased to 31.20 mm in group I and 28.20 mm in group II at 1 month, 32 mm in group I and 30 mm in group II at 3 months, and 37.20 and 32.12 mm in groups I and II, respectively, at 6 months. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion 3D miniplate system is reliable and effective treatment modality for mandibular angle fractures as compared with traditional 2D miniplates.[INLINE:1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown Bridge and Implantology, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
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- Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Anju Singh
- Department of Dentistry, NMCH, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - D K Singh
- Prosthodontics and Crown Bridge and Implantology, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Jazib Nazeer
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Patna Dental College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Supriya Singh
- Private Practitioner, Multispecialty Dental Clinic Patna, Bihar, India
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Soni N, Singh VK, Singh DK. HPLC characterization of molluscicidal component of Tamarindus indica and its mode of action on nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 11:131-139. [PMID: 30120053 PMCID: PMC7329724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fasciolosis is a water-borne disease with gastropods snail (Lymnaea acuminata) act as key-link is still burden for mankind especially in developing countries. Snail control is one of the important tools to trim down the frequency of fasciolosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the toxic effect and inhibitory potential of plant Tamarindus indica and their active constituent on the key enzyme of nervous tissue of snail L. acuminata. METHOD The present study deals with the chromatographic isolation and identification of molluscicidal component from Tamarindus indica bark and its effects on enzymes activities of vector snail L. acuminata. RESULT The toxicity study reveals that among all organic extract ethanol extract of T. indica bark (96 h LC50:127.4 mgL-1) was more effective than other organic extracts. The 96 h LC50 of column purified fraction of T. indica bark was 13.78 mgL-1 respectively. Saponin was isolated, characterized and identified as active molluscicidal component in the bark of T. indica by column chromatography, TLC and HPLC chromatographic methods. The in vivo and in vitro treatment of column purified fraction and saponin has significant inhibition in enzyme AChE, ACP and ALP activities. The study of inhibition kinetics indicates that inhibition of AChE and ALP is competitive, while ACP is uncompetitive in both the treatments. CONCLUSION Thus inhibition of these enzyme activities by T. indica bark column purified fraction and saponin in the snail L. acuminata may be the cause of its molluscicidal activity which leads snail death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Soni
- Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273 009, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273 009, India.
| | - D K Singh
- Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273 009, India
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Tyagi N, Singh DK, Dash D, Singh R. Curcumin Modulates Paraquat-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition by Regulating Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) in A549 Cells. Inflammation 2020; 42:1441-1455. [PMID: 31028577 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), a widely used potent herbicide, generates superoxide anions and other free radicals, leading to severe toxicity and acute lung injury. PQ induces pulmonary fibrosis through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) characterized by increased number of myofibroblasts. Time-dependent PQ-induced EMT has been evaluated in present investigation where intracellular ROS levels were significantly enhanced after 24 h of PQ intoxication. Anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin have been studied where alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) were incubated with curcumin (30 μΜ) for 1 and 3 h before PQ intoxication (700 μM). Western blot and immunocytochemistry studies revealed that pretreatment of A549 cells with curcumin for 3 h before PQ exposure has maintained E-cadherin expression and inhibited PQ induced α-smooth-muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) that seems to be involved in PQ-induced EMT was enhanced after PQ intoxication, but curcumin pretreatment has effectively inhibited its expression. Immunostaining studies have shown that curcumin pretreatment has significantly reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expressions, which were elevated after PQ intoxication. These results demonstrate that curcumin can regulate PQ-induced EMT by regulating the expression of TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namitosh Tyagi
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Physics, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - D Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Singh DK, Kumar G. Comparison of the subgingival temperature of smokers and nonsmokers in healthy and diseased sites of gingiva in association with sublingual body temperature. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3166-3172. [PMID: 31742137 PMCID: PMC6857422 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_516_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To compare the subgingival temperature in healthy and diseased sites of gingiva in smokers and non-smokers using a modified digital thermometer. To also find whether subgingival temperature measurements can be used as reliable indicator of periodontal disease activity. Materials and Methods: Participants for this study comprised 50 males, 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers with mild to moderate periodontitis, aged 25-40 years and had four maxillary incisor teeth (12, 11, 21, 22) intact. For each participant, six sites around each tooth were examined. Hence, a total of 24 sites for each participant were examined. The clinical parameters used were probing pocket depth and gingival bleeding index. Results: Sublingual and subgingival temperature was found to be warmer in smokers compared to non-smokers. Subgingival temperature was more in diseased sites than healthy sites in both smokers and non-smokers. The mean temperature differential of diseased sites in smokers was more compared to non-smokers. Mean probing pocket depth was higher in smokers, but bleeding sites were less. Conclusion: Subgingival temperature measurement was found to be a good indicator of periodontal disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra K Singh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Gunjan Kumar
- Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Mukhia S, Mandal P, Singh DK, Singh D. The abundance of epiphytic liverworts on the bark of Cryptomeria japonica in relation to different physical and biochemical attributes, found in Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary, Darjeeling, Eastern Himalaya. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:37. [PMID: 31510990 PMCID: PMC6739907 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintenance of biodiversity is an integral part of sustainable forest management. Epiphytic bryophytes are an important element of biodiversity. Thus, this work aims to study the role of different physical and biochemical factors in affecting the growth and proliferation of epiphytic liverworts. Fifty trees in three different plots, distributed in Senchal wildlife sanctuary, Darjeeling, were surveyed. Factors such as light intensity, moisture, and diameter at breast height (DBH) of the tree were studied to evaluate their possible role in affecting epiphytic liverworts. The effect of bark biochemical characteristics on the abundance of epiphytic liverworts was also studied by undertaking a quantitative test of pH, phenol, flavonoid, ortho-dihydric phenol, terpene, total sugar, and tannin. Multiple regression analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were carried out to test the effects of these parameters. RESULTS Light intensity, moisture, and DBH highly influenced the abundance of liverworts. Old trees had higher epiphytic liverwort cover than younger ones. Bark biochemical properties like pH, phenol, flavonoid, ortho-dihydric phenol, tannin and sugar did not have a significant effect on the epiphytic liverwort cover, while the terpenoid content of the bark reduced liverworts cover. CONCLUSION To sustain the occurrence of epiphytic liverworts in ecosystems, forest management should ensure the presence of old trees. Light intensity and moisture had a large effect on the distribution and abundance of liverworts, so it is important to maintain tree cover, shrub layer, and tree density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Mukhia
- Plant Physiology and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District, P.O: NBU, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Plant Physiology and Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, North Bengal University, Raja Rammohunpur, District, P.O: NBU, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734 013, India.
| | - D K Singh
- Botanical Survey of India, CGO Complex, 3rd MSO Building, Salt Lake Sector I, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 064, India
| | - Devendra Singh
- Botanical Survey of India, CGO Complex, 3rd MSO Building, Salt Lake Sector I, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700 064, India
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Jeet P, Singh DK, Sarangi A. Development of a Composite Hydrologic Index for Semi-Arid Region of India. Ground Water 2019; 57:749-755. [PMID: 30740694 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rainfall is the major source for groundwater recharge in basins areas of central region of India. Now a day, the river basins are experiencing acute shortage of water which has resulted in lowering of groundwater level and drying up of water bodies. In order to maintain water sustainability; a composite hydrologic index was developed in the Betwa basin of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh states, India. The index was developed using principal component analysis through hydrologic, topographic as well as geographic parameters derived from the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and MODFLOW model. The geomorphological parameters were categorized, on the basis of groundwater recharge potential and weight ranged from 1 to 4. The geomorphologic parameters, that is, soil type (T), slope (S), runoff ratio (R), and evapotranspiration (ET) were integrated into a single indicator of composite hydrologic index. Soil type and ET were the major factors that directly affected the groundwater recharge. These two parameters together explained 86% of total variability in the data. Based on the analysis of the four parameters that affected groundwater recharge, composite hydrologic index (CHI) was classified into very good, good, moderate, and low grade. The CHI was statistically validated using standardization methods. The index was developed as a water management tool to measure a sustainability state relative to a groundwater recharge potential, which allows for spatial and temporal comparison. This index will be helpful in natural resource management and will improve socioeconomic status of human population inhibiting in the semi-arid region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D K Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A Sarangi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Pareek P, Singh DK, Rai R, Srivastava A, Maurya M. Abacavir-based Regimen for HIV-infected Children and Adolescents. Indian Pediatr 2019; 56:685-686. [PMID: 31477651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied 48 children receiving abacavir-based HAART regimen, over a period of one-year for side effects and failure rates. None of the children developed hypersensitivity reaction. The CD4 count significantly improved from the time of enrolment till 12 months of therapy while the failure rate was 14.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Pareek
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ruchi Rai
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anubha Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Maurya
- Department of Pediatrics, MLN Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Ramakrishnan N, Singh JK, Gupta SK, Bhalla V, Singh DK, Raina S, Kumari A. Tracheostomy: Open Surgical or Percutaneous? An Effort to Solve the Continued Dilemma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 71:320-326. [PMID: 31559198 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to lack of globally standardized guidelines and clarity on indications, patient selection, intra-operative preparations, technique, complications, postoperative care and decannulation protocols, percutaneous tracheostomy (PT) has come in vogue as compared to standard open surgical tracheostomy (OST). PercuTwist and guide wire dilatational method (GWDF), techniques of PT, offer lesser operative time and ease of surgery being a bedside procedure. There seems to be paucity of Indian literature on rising trend of increasing indications, post-operative care, management of complications and outcomes of tracheostomy. And thus, there arises a felt need to envisage a study in tertiary care setup targeting these issues and to question the so far unchallenged acceptance of new techniques and technology. Our aim is to study the recent trend of indications, complications, and outcomes of both OST and PT in a cohort of Indian patients who underwent tracheostomy. 80 patients with mean age of 59.0 ± 15 years underwent tracheostomy (OST: 48 (60%), PT: 32 (40%), and among PT, PercuTwist: 16 (50%), GWDF: 16 (50%)) for various indications with objectives to compare operative time, complications and decannulation rates of tracheostomy surgery, within the follow up period of 3 months. Most common indication of elective tracheostomy was prolonged ventilation, and for emergency ones, upper airway obstruction. Mean operative time taken by all the three techniques was comparable, i.e., 16.3 v/s 15 v/s 15.3 min (Open v/s PT GWDF v/s PT PercuTwist). Most common intra-operative complication of OST was haemorrhage (16.3%) and that of PT was false passage (8.8%). Early post-operative complications were haemorrhage (OST: 3.75%, PT: 1.25%) and tube blockage and dislodgement (equal distribution among OST and PT). Late post-operative complications were stomal granulations in PT: 7.5%. Outcomes of tracheostomy were significantly better with OST (36 (45%)) than PT (14 (17.5%)). In PT group, PercuTwist fared better than GWDF in terms of lesser complications (PercuTwist: 10%, GWDF: 18.6%) and better decannulation rates (PercuTwist: 13.6%, GWDF: 3.75%). Most common indication for tracheostomy remains prolonged intubation; complication of OST is intra and early post-operative haemorrhage and that of PT being tube dislodgement and blockage. Outcomes in form of successful decannulation are with OST.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ramakrishnan
- Base Hospital, Lucknow Cantt, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002 India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Singh
- 2Department of ENT & HNS, Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, West Bengal 700027 India
| | - Salil Kumar Gupta
- 2Department of ENT & HNS, Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, West Bengal 700027 India
| | - Vijay Bhalla
- 2Department of ENT & HNS, Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, West Bengal 700027 India
| | - D K Singh
- 2Department of ENT & HNS, Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, West Bengal 700027 India
| | - Sheetal Raina
- 2Department of ENT & HNS, Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, West Bengal 700027 India
| | - Abha Kumari
- 2Department of ENT & HNS, Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, West Bengal 700027 India
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Dash CJ, Sarangi A, Singh DK, Adhikary PP. Numerical simulation to assess potential groundwater recharge and net groundwater use in a semi-arid region. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:371. [PMID: 31102073 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Accurate assessment of deep percolation (potential groundwater recharge) under different field crops is essential for sustainable management of scarce water resources and proper planning of crop rotation in irrigated, semi-arid regions of the world. The potential recharge from commonly grown field crops in semi-arid Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India was estimated using HYDRUS-1D model, where, irrigation, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture dynamics were simulated. Simultaneously, net groundwater use by different cropping patterns was also calculated. Among the hydraulic parameters, n was found most sensitive for water percolation. During rainy season, 293.8 and 159.1 mm water was percolated below the root zone of cotton and soybean, respectively, which accounted for 39.4 and 32.9% of the water input. During winter season, 66.8 and 30.3 mm water was percolated below the root zone of winter maize and mustard, respectively, accounting for 20.5 and 10.6% of added water. It was observed that net groundwater use was positive for cotton, soybean, and summer maize with the values of 168.8, 159.1, and 18.0 mm year-1, respectively, and negative for rice, wheat, winter maize, and mustard. For the eight most important cropping patterns of semi-arid IGP, the net groundwater use was negative and varied between - 4.4 mm year-1 for cotton-maize and -423 mm year-1 for rice-wheat. With these cropping patterns, the overall rate of decline of groundwater was 231 mm year-1. It was found that maize-wheat and soybean-wheat cropping patterns consume much less water than rice-wheat cropping pattern and therefore are suitable to arrest the declining trend of groundwater in semi-arid IGP of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch Jyotiprava Dash
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Sunabeda, Koraput, Odisha, 763002, India
| | - A Sarangi
- Water Technology Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - D K Singh
- Water Technology Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P P Adhikary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Sunabeda, Koraput, Odisha, 763002, India.
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Singh DK, Gupta SK, Bhalla V, Raina S, Kumari A. Clinical Study to Determine Occult Vestibular Dysfunction in Patients of Chronic Otitis Media using Computerized Static Posturography. BJOHNS 2019. [DOI: 10.47210/bjohns.2019.v27i1.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Various studies have shown high incidence of subjective vestibular dysfunction in cases of chronic otitis media (COM). Evaluation of vestibular dysfunction in chronic otitis media patients is becoming an integral part of comprehensive management of COM. In our study, we have evaluated vestibular dysfunction in patients with COM, using computerized static posturography, an objective technique in contrast to other subjective tests of vestibular dysfunction.
Materials and Methods
In this prospective case control study done over a period of 1.5 years, 50 cases of COM and 50 healthy controls were included and they underwent Computerized Static Posturography. Parameters taken were Somaesthetic, visual and vestibular scores in both antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) axis; and in combined axis (Antero-posterior +Medio-lateral) and these scores were compared with those of healthy controls.
Results
Total 50 cases of COM (average disease period - 5.7 years), of both sexes, with age range of 15-60 years and mean age of 31.58 years were taken. On analyzing above mentioned parameters using SPSS software, we found no significant difference in vestibular function in cases of COM as compared with healthy individuals.
Discussion
The outcome of computerized static posturography can be quantified with respect to changes in center-of-force sway amplitude, distance, or velocity, which, by virtue of not being burdened by subjective interpretation, its results can be, documented both graphically and numerically.
Conclusion
This study, further solidified with objective evidence, raises a question on COM without complications being directly responsible for vestibular dysfunction.
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Chauhan PS, Singh DK, Dash D, Singh R. Intranasal curcumin regulates chronic asthma in mice by modulating NF-ĸB activation and MAPK signaling. Phytomedicine 2018; 51:29-38. [PMID: 30466625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, a natural product found in the plant Curcuma longa, has been reported to have diverse range of molecular targets that influence numerous biochemical and molecular cascades including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of intranasal curcumin on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced chronic asthma and to elucidate underlying molecular mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN/METHOD Mice were sensitized and exposed to 2% OVA aerosol for 2 times in a week for five consecutive weeks to study effect of intranasal curcumin on various MAPK pathway enzymes involved in chronic asthma and its effect on the activation of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB). RESULTS Curcumin treatment decreased the ROS level in BALF and nitrite level in blood serum of chronic asthmatic mice. Curcumin treatment had significantly decreased the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 and COX-2 expression thereby nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation and expression in lung tissues. CONCLUSION These results suggest that intranasal curcumin protects against asthma via action on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti S Chauhan
- Department of Zoology, MMV Unit, Banaras Hindu University, India
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Physics, Udai Pratap Autonomous College, Varanasi, India
| | - D Dash
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Zoology, MMV Unit, Banaras Hindu University, India.
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Stock C, Rodriguez-Rivera JA, Schmalzl K, Demmel F, Singh DK, Ronning F, Thompson JD, Bauer ED. From Ising Resonant Fluctuations to Static Uniaxial Order in Antiferromagnetic and Weakly Superconducting CeCo(In_{1-x}Hg_{x})_{5}(x=0.01). Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:037003. [PMID: 30085774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.037003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CeCo(In_{0.990}Hg_{0.010})_{5} is a charge doped variant of the d-wave CoCoIn_{5} superconductor with coexistent antiferromagnetic and superconducting transitions occurring at T_{N}=3.4 and T_{c}=1.4 K, respectively. We use neutron diffraction and spectroscopy to show that the magnetic resonant fluctuations present in the parent superconducting phase are replaced by collinear c-axis magnetic order with three-dimensional Ising critical fluctuations. No low-energy transverse spin fluctuations are observable in this doping-induced antiferromagnetic phase and the dynamic resonant spectral weight predominately shifts to the elastic channel. Static (τ>0.2 ns) collinear Ising order is proximate to superconductivity in CeCoIn_{5} and is stabilized through hole doping with Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Stock
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Rodriguez-Rivera
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Department of Materials Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K Schmalzl
- Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich Centre for Neutron Science at ILL, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F Demmel
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Labs, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Missouri 65211, USA
| | - F Ronning
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Thompson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E D Bauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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Singh DK, Kumar B, Shrinet G, Singh RP, Das A, Mantur BG, Pandey A, Mondal P, Sajjanar BK, Doimari S, Singh V, Kumari R, Tiwari AK, Gandham RK. Draft genome sequence of field isolate Brucella melitensis strain 2007BM/1 from India. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:152-153. [PMID: 29684575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Brucellosis is among one of the most widespread important global zoonotic diseases that is endemic in many parts of India. Brucella melitensis is supposed to be the most pathogenic species for humans. Here we report the draft genome sequence of B. melitensis strain 2007BM/1 isolated from a human in India. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from Brucella culture and was sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq platform. The generated reads were assembled using three de novo assemblers and the draft genome was annotated. RESULTS This monoisolate, with a genome length of 3268756bp, was found to be resistant to azithromycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole but susceptible to tetracycline, ofloxacin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline. The presence of virulence genes in the strain was identified. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained will help in understanding drug resistance mechanisms and virulence factors in highly zoonotic B. melitensis and suggest the need for judicious use of antibiotics in livestock health and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Singh
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Bablu Kumar
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Garima Shrinet
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R P Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aparajita Das
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B G Mantur
- Department of Microbiology, Belgaum Institute of Medical Sciences, District Hospital Campus, Belgaum 590 001, Karnataka, India
| | - Aruna Pandey
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyali Mondal
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B K Sajjanar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soni Doimari
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayata Singh
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Reena Kumari
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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James A, Singh DK, Khankhane PJ. Enhanced atrazine removal by hydrophyte-bacterium associations and in vitro screening of the isolates for their plant growth-promoting potential. Int J Phytoremediation 2018; 20:89-97. [PMID: 28598215 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2017.1337068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Emergent hydrophytes Acorus calamus, Typha latifolia, and Phragmites karka and epiphytic root bacteria isolated from their rhizoplanes were exposed to atrazine (5 and 10 mg l-1) individually and in plant-bacterium combination for 15 days hydroponically. It was observed that A. calamus-Pseudomonas sp. strain, the ACB combination, was best in decontamination, showing 91% and 87% removal of 5 and 10 mg l-1 atrazine. Plant-bacterium association led to significant increase in atrazine decontamination as compared to decontamination by either plant or bacterium alone, indicating a synergistic action of the hydrophytes and isolates which led to enhanced atrazine removal. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on the potential of plant-bacterium combinations for atrazine decontamination. The isolates showed augmented growth in the presence of plants and were able to alleviate atrazine stress in them. These isolates exhibited plant growth-promoting traits such as auxin, siderophore, Poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)/succinogycan, ammonia, catalase production and solubilization of inorganic phosphate in vitro. The use of plant-bacterium mutualistic symbiosis for atrazine mitigation is a relatively simple, inexpensive, and clean technique and this phytoremediation-rhizoremediation combination is suggested to be tried on field to establish their potential for clean-up of contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina James
- a Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - D K Singh
- a Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , Delhi , India
| | - P J Khankhane
- b Directorate of Weed Research , Jabalpur , Madhya Pradesh , India
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Mahato MK, Singh DK, Rana HB, Acharya KP. Prevalence and risk factors associated with Giardia duodenalis infection in dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal. J Parasit Dis 2018; 42:122-126. [PMID: 29491570 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock farming has been an integral part of Nepalese agriculture systems since time immemorial. Giardia duodenalis is a cosmopolitan intestinal parasite present in a wide range of hosts. Very little or no information is reported on the prevalence of giardiasis in livestock of Nepal. This study was done during Jan 18 to July 19, 2014 to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Giardia duodenalis infection in dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal. A total of 96 fresh fecal samples were collected from various dairy pocket areas and were transferred to collection bottles with 10% formalin. Wet smears of the samples were prepared, stained with lugol's iodine and then viewed under microscope at 400× magnification. The overall prevalence was found to be 44.79% (43/96). Based on the risk factors assessment survey, age was found to be significantly associated with the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis. The prevalence was found significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 1-6 months age group compared to > 3 years. Similarly, higher prevalence was found in diarrheic animals compared to their counterparts (P < 0.05). Though higher prevalence was recorded in unhygienically housed animals, it was statistically non-significant (P < 0.05). Giardiasis should be considered as an important cause of diarrhea and further advanced diagnostic approaches should be employed for the confirmation of giardiasis in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Mahato
- 1Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - D K Singh
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - H B Rana
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - K P Acharya
- Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.,Regional Veterinary Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory (RVDDL), Pokhara, Nepal
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Bandi MM, Akella VS, Singh DK, Singh RS, Mandre S. Hydrodynamic Signatures of Stationary Marangoni-Driven Surfactant Transport. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:264501. [PMID: 29328684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.264501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study steady Marangoni-driven surfactant transport on the interface of a deep water layer. Using hydrodynamic measurements, and without using any knowledge of the surfactant physicochemical properties, we show that sodium dodecyl sulphate and Tergitol 15-S-9 introduced in low concentrations result in a flow driven by adsorbed surfactant. At higher surfactant concentration, the flow is dominated by the dissolved surfactant. Using camphoric acid, whose properties are a priori unknown, we demonstrate this method's efficacy by showing its spreading is adsorption dominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Bandi
- Collective Interactions Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - V S Akella
- Collective Interactions Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - D K Singh
- Collective Interactions Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - R S Singh
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - S Mandre
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Summers B, Chen Y, Dahal A, Singh DK. New Description of Evolution of Magnetic Phases in Artificial Honeycomb Lattice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16080. [PMID: 29167461 PMCID: PMC5700068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial magnetic honeycomb lattice provides a two-dimensional archetypal system to explore novel phenomena of geometrically frustrated magnets. According to theoretical reports, an artificial magnetic honeycomb lattice is expected to exhibit several phase transitions to unique magnetic states as a function of reducing temperature. Experimental investigations of permalloy artificial honeycomb lattice of connected ultra-small elements, [Formula: see text] 12 nm, reveal a more complicated behavior. First, upon cooling the sample to intermediate temperature, [Formula: see text] 175 K, the system manifests a non-unique state where the long range order co-exists with short-range magnetic charge order and weak spin ice state. Second, at much lower temperature, [Formula: see text] 6 K, the long-range spin solid state exhibits a re-entrant behavior. Both observations are in direct contrast to the present understanding of this system. New theoretical approaches are needed to develop a comprehensive formulation of this two dimensional magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Summers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - A Dahal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Jalaluddin M, Singh DK, Jayanti I, Kulkarni P, Faizuddin M, Tarannum F. Use of Platelet Rich Plasma in the Management of Periodontal Intra-Osseous Defects: A Clinical Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2017; 7:105-115. [PMID: 28462179 PMCID: PMC5390574 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_28_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Periodontal disease is characterized by the presence of gingival inflammation, periodontal pocket formation, loss of connective tissue attachment, and alveolar bone around the affected tooth. Alveolar bone support and attachment apparatus regeneration has been achieved through various processes and have given elusive results. An expedient and cost-effective approach to obtain autologous platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). PRP is obtained by sequestrating and concentrating platelets by gradient density centrifugation. Aims: The current study was aimed at evaluating the regenerative potential of platelet-rich plasma in comparison with open flap debridement. Settings and Designs: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, KIDS, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Materials and Methods: Twenty periodontal infrabony defects in 10 patients; 6 males and 4 females of age between 25–45 years were included in this study and were followed up for a period of 6 months. Statistical Analysis: Both the groups showed a mean plaque index of 2.10 and 2.50 at baseline, 1.75 and 2.05 at 3 months, and 1.28 and 1.53 at the end of 6 months. The mean reduction of 0.35 and 0.45 at three months and 0.82 and 0.97 at six months was achieved, which was statistically significant. (P < 0.001). When comparison was done between the two groups it was not found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). In each of the group there was definitive reduction in plaque score over a period of time. Results and Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference in the treatment outcome between open flap debridement and PRP alone. Platelet-rich plasma application holds promise and needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jalaluddin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dhirendra K Singh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ipsita Jayanti
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Prasad Kulkarni
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mohamed Faizuddin
- Department of Periodontics, V.S. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Fouzia Tarannum
- Department of Periodontics, MRADC, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Chakraborty P, Manchanda R, Singh P, Rai MK, Singh O, Singh DK, Paul S, Nayak C. Symptom prevalence in a cohort of 65 patients improved with the homoeopathic medicine Mangifera indica: A multicentric open observational clinical verification study. Indian J Res Homoeopathy 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/ijrh.ijrh_66_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Navarro-Arias MJ, Defosse TA, Dementhon K, Csonka K, Mellado-Mojica E, Dias Valério A, González-Hernández RJ, Courdavault V, Clastre M, Hernández NV, Pérez-García LA, Singh DK, Vizler C, Gácser A, Almeida RS, Noël T, López MG, Papon N, Mora-Montes HM. Disruption of Protein Mannosylation Affects Candida guilliermondii Cell Wall, Immune Sensing, and Virulence. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1951. [PMID: 27994582 PMCID: PMC5133257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal cell wall contains glycoproteins that interact with the host immune system. In the prominent pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, Pmr1 acts as a Golgi-resident ion pump that provides cofactors to mannosyltransferases, regulating the synthesis of mannans attached to glycoproteins. To gain insight into a putative conservation of such a crucial process within opportunistic yeasts, we were particularly interested in studying the role of the PMR1 homolog in a low-virulent species that rarely causes candidiasis, Candida guilliermondii. We disrupted C. guilliermondii PMR1 and found that loss of Pmr1 affected cell growth and morphology, biofilm formation, susceptibility to cell wall perturbing agents, mannan levels, and the wall composition and organization. Despite the significant increment in the amount of β1,3-glucan exposed at the wall surface, this positively influenced only the ability of the mutant to stimulate IL-10 production by human monocytes, suggesting that recognition of both mannan and β1,3-glucan, is required to stimulate strong levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Accordingly, our results indicate C. guilliermondii sensing by monocytes was critically dependent on the recognition of N-linked mannans and β1,3-glucan, as reported in other Candida species. In addition, chemical remotion of cell wall O-linked mannans was found to positively influence the recognition of C. guilliermondii by human monocytes, suggesting that O-linked mannans mask other cell wall components from immune cells. This observation contrasts with that reported in C. albicans. Finally, mice infected with C. guilliermondii pmr1Δ null mutant cells had significantly lower fungal burdens compared to animals challenged with the parental strain. Accordingly, the null mutant showed inability to kill larvae in the Galleria mellonella infection model. This study thus demonstrates that mannans are relevant for the C. guilliermondii-host interaction, with an atypical role for O-linked mannans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Navarro-Arias
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Tatiana A Defosse
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de ToursTours, France; Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Université d'AngersAngers, France
| | - Karine Dementhon
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université Bordeaux 2, UMR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5234 Bordeaux, France
| | - Katalin Csonka
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Mellado-Mojica
- Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Aline Dias Valério
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brazil
| | - Roberto J González-Hernández
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université François-Rabelais de Tours Tours, France
| | - Nahúm V Hernández
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Luis A Pérez-García
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Csaba Vizler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Gácser
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ricardo S Almeida
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thierry Noël
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, Université Bordeaux 2, UMR-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5234 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mercedes G López
- Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, Université d'Angers Angers, France
| | - Héctor M Mora-Montes
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato, Mexico
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Oraon T, Singh DK, Ghosh M, Kullu SS, Kumar R, Singh LB. Allelic and genotypic frequencies in polymorphic Booroola fecundity gene and their association with multiple birth and postnatal growth in Chhotanagpuri sheep. Vet World 2016; 9:1294-1299. [PMID: 27956784 PMCID: PMC5146313 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.1294-1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Chhotanagpuri breed of sheep reared for mutton in Jharkhand, India, having problem of low litter size and body weight. The response of genetic improvement for traits with low heritability through traditional selection method is time-consuming. Therefore, marker-assisted selection based on a polymorphism study of suitable candidate gene can response quickly. Thus, this study was aimed at identification of different allelic and genotypic frequencies of Booroola fecundity (FecB) gene and its association with multiple birth and postnatal growth in Chhotanagpuri sheep. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA isolation and gene-specific amplification of FecB gene was performed from blood samples of from 92 Chhotanagpuri lambs maintained under similar feeding and management conditions. Custom nucleotide sequencing and single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis were performed to identify different genotypes with respect to the target gene. Statistical analysis was performed for determination of allelic and genotypic frequencies of FecB gene polymorphisms and its association with multiple birth and postnatal growth of lambs from birth to 52 weeks age. RESULTS "AA," "AB," and "BB" genotypes were found at locus-1 as it is polymorphic for FecB gene while locus-2 was found to be monomorphic for FecB gene. Higher frequency of "A" allele at locus-1 was found in single born lambs, whereas "B" allele was predominant among multiple born lambs. The lambs having "BB" genotype weighed significantly (p≤0.01) heavier than those of "AB" and "AA" genotype at 52 weeks of age. CONCLUSION "BB" genotype has emerged as favored genotype for multiple births and better growth indicator. Therefore, homozygous lambs for "B" allele should be selected and utilized in breeding program for better growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanesh Oraon
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Mayukh Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - S S Kullu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College, Pookode, Lakkidi, Kerala, India
| | - L B Singh
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Ranchi Veterinary College, Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
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Ranjan R, Pathak R, Singh DK, Jalaluddin M, Kore SA, Kore AR. Awareness about biomedical waste management and knowledge of effective recycling of dental materials among dental students. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2016; 6:474-479. [PMID: 27891315 PMCID: PMC5109863 DOI: 10.4103/2231-0762.192941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Biomedical waste management has become a concern with increasing number of dental practitioners in India. Being health care professionals, dentists should be aware regarding safe disposal of biomedical waste and recycling of dental materials to minimize biohazards to the environment. The aim of the present study was to assess awareness regarding biomedical waste management as well as knowledge of effective recycling and reuse of dental materials among dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students belonging from all dental colleges of Bhubaneswar, Odisha (India) from February 2016 to April 2016. A total of 500 students (208 males and 292 females) participated in the study, which was conducted in two phases. A questionnaire was distributed to assess the awareness of biomedical waste management and knowledge of effective recycling of dental materials, and collected data was examined on a 5-point unipolar scale in percentages to assess the relative awareness regarding these two different categorizes. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to analyzed collected data. RESULTS Forty-four percent of the dental students were not at all aware about the management of biomedical waste, 22% were moderately aware, 21% slightly aware, 7% very aware, and 5% fell in extremely aware category. Similarly, a higher percentage of participants (61%) were completely unaware regarding recycling and reusing of biomedical waste. CONCLUSION There is lack of sufficient knowledge among dental students regarding management of biomedical waste and recycling or reusing of dental materials. Considering its impact on the environment, biomedical waste management requires immediate academic assessment to increase the awareness during training courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ranjan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ruchi Pathak
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Dhirendra K Singh
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Md Jalaluddin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shobha A Kore
- Department of Dentistry, Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mayani, Satara, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhijeet R Kore
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India
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Sharma PK, Singh DK. A Traditional NSAID Aspirin along with Clofazimine in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Reaction: Study of Six Cases. Indian J Lepr 2016; 87:249-253. [PMID: 29762954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Six male patients of lepromatous leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum reaction (ENL) reactions diagnosed clinically and by slit skin smear were treated with aspirin and clofazimine. Aspirin was given in the daily dosage of 75mg/kg body weight up to a maximum of 2.8 grams in four divided doses, along with daily 300mg clofazimine in three divided doses and dapsone 100mg daily with rifampicin 600mg once a month. Aspirin was continued in the same dosage for a month before being tapered and stopped at the end of third month when clofazimine was also reduced to 50 mg daily. All the six cases had an excellent response in 15 days.
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Rai R, Mishra N, Singh DK. Effect of Domperidone in 2nd week Postpartum on Milk Output in Mothers of Preterm Infants. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:894-5. [PMID: 27109392 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-016-2107-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Rai
- Department of Pediatrics, M. L. N. Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- S. N. Children Hospital, Church Lane, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211002, India.
| | - Namita Mishra
- Department of Pediatrics, M. L. N. Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D K Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, M. L. N. Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Singh DK, Bose S, Kumar S. Role of microRNA in regulating cell signaling pathways, cell cycle, and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer. Curr Mol Med 2016:IDDT-EPUB-72966. [PMID: 26743518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation in expression of miRNAs has been observed in various human cancers, including lung cancer. Recent studies have identified the role of a number of miRNAs in regulating key cellular processes and signaling pathways involved in lung tumourigenesis, including cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis. Due to their variable behavior and regulatory role in various nodal junctions in cellular pathways, miRNAs have also been used as potential therapeutic targets and clinical biomarkers in lung cancer. In this non-systematic review, we briefly focus on biogenesis and function of cytoplasmic miRNA and the role of methylation in the regulation of miRNA biogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Further, we elaborate on the role of differentially expressed miRNAs and their regulatory role on various signaling pathways, cell cycle, and apoptosis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Kumar
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida-201303, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Singh DJ, Singh DK. Phytotherapy of chlorophyllin exposed Lymnaea acuminata: A new biotechnological tool for fasciolosis control. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2016; 1:20-25. [PMID: 29988195 PMCID: PMC5991855 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytotherapy of chlorophyllin formulations against Fasciola gigantica infected Lymnaea acuminata under sunlight exposure was highly toxic against redia and cercaria larvae. Binary combinations (1:1 ratio) of chlorophyllin (CHL) + freeze dried cow urine (FCU) were more toxic against cercariae (8 h LC50: 9.6 mg L- 1) than single treatment with chlorophyllin (8 h LC50: 12.6 mg L- 1) in sunlight. The larvicidal activity of sunlight exposed CHL against rediae (8 h LC50: 13.5 mg L- 1) and cercariae (8 h LC50: 12.6 mg L- 1) was more pronounced than laboratory conditions CHL treatment (rediae- 8 h LC50: 305.9 mg L- 1; cercariae- 8 h LC50: 765.4 mg L- 1). Larvicidal activity of FCU was less than CHL and CHL + FCU against both redia and cercaria. Chlorophyllin and its formulations were more toxic against redia and cercaria larvae in sunlight than laboratory conditions. CHL and its different formulations may be used as potent larvicides against Fasciola gigantica larvae. Chlorophyllin formulations will be economical, ecologically sounder and their use in aquatic environment will be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Jyoti Singh
- Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, Pin: 273 009, India
| | - D K Singh
- Malacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, Pin: 273 009, India
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Singh DK. Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Crit Care 2016. [DOI: 10.5005/jp/books/12670_61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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