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Yan J, Ding Y, Peng Z, Qin L, Gu J, Wan C. Systematic Proteomics Study on the Embryonic Development of Danio rerio. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2814-2826. [PMID: 37500539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a complex and dynamic physiological process involving cell division, differentiation, and movement. Currently, the genome and transcriptome techniques have been widely used to study the embryonic development of zebrafish. However, the research of proteomics based on proteins that directly execute functions is relatively vacant. In this work, we apply label-free quantitative proteomics to explore protein profiling during zebrafish's embryogenesis, and a total of 5961 proteins were identified at 10 stages of zebrafish's early development. The identified proteins were divided into 11 modules according to weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the characteristics between modules were significantly different. For example, mitochondria-related functions enriched the early development of zebrafish. Primordial germ cell-related proteins were identified at the 4-cell stage, while the eye development event is dominated at 5 days post fertilization (dpf). By combining with published transcriptomics data, we discovered some proteins that may be involved in activating zygotic genes. Meanwhile, 137 novel proteins were identified. This study comprehensively analyzed the dynamic processes in the embryonic development of zebrafish from the perspective of proteomics. It provided solid data support for further understanding of the molecular mechanism of its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Yan
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhe Ding
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Peng
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Qin
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Gu
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuihong Wan
- School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, People's Republic of China
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2
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Hanly JJ, Francescutti CM, Loh LS, Corning OBWH, Long DJ, Nakatani MA, Porter AH, Martin A. Genetics of yellow-orange color variation in a pair of sympatric sulphur butterflies. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112820. [PMID: 37481719 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Continuous color polymorphisms can serve as a tractable model for the genetic and developmental architecture of traits. Here we investigated continuous color variation in Colias eurytheme and Colias philodice, two species of sulphur butterflies that hybridize in sympatry. Using quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and high-throughput color quantification, we found two interacting large-effect loci affecting orange-to-yellow chromaticity. Knockouts of red Malpighian tubules (red), likely involved in endosomal maturation, result in depigmented wing scales. Additionally, the transcription factor bric-a-brac can act as a modulator of orange pigmentation. We also describe the QTL architecture of other continuously varying traits, together supporting a large-X effect model where the genetic control of species-defining traits is enriched on sex chromosomes. This study sheds light on the range of possible genetic architectures that can underpin a continuously varying trait and illustrates the power of using automated measurement to score phenotypes that are not always conspicuous to the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Hanly
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama.
| | | | - Ling S Loh
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olaf B W H Corning
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Derek J Long
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marshall A Nakatani
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam H Porter
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
| | - Arnaud Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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3
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Lu Q, Luo X, Yang X, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Lan Y, Zhang D, Zheng L, Li Y, Li L, Zhang S, Liu Y. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of vacuolar ATPase subunit d mediates phytohormone biosynthesis and virus resistance in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1122978. [PMID: 36818855 PMCID: PMC9929465 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1122978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) are proton pumps for proton translocation across membranes that utilize energy derived from ATP hydrolysis; OsV-ATPase subunit d (OsV-ATPase d) is part of an integral, membrane-embedded V0 complex in the V-ATPase complex. Whether OsV-ATPase d is involved in phytohormone biosynthesis and resistance in rice remains unknown. The knockout mutants of OsV-ATPase d in rice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and mutation of OsV-ATPase d did not show any detrimental effect on plant growth or yield productivity. Transcriptomic results showed that OsV-ATPase d is probably involved in mediating the biosynthesis of plant hormones and resistance in rice. Compared to wild type, mutation of OsV-ATPase d significantly increased JA and ABA biosynthesis and resistance against Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), but it decreased resistance against Rice stripe virus (RSV) in rice. The data presented in this study reveal that OsV-ATPase d mediates phytohormone biosynthesis and virus resistance in rice and can be selected as a potential target for resistance breeding in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Lu
- Longping Branch of Biology College, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangwen Luo
- Longping Branch of Biology College, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybird Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Longping Branch of Biology College, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybird Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Lan
- Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Longping Branch of Biology College, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybird Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Limin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybird Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Longping Branch of Biology College, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybird Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Longping Branch of Biology College, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybird Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Longping Branch of Biology College, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybird Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Longping Branch of Biology College, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybird Rice, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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4
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Phagosomal Acidification Is Required to Kill Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Zebrafish Model. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/9429516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen causing invasive disease, including community-acquired bacteraemia, and remains a leading cause of global mortality. Understanding the role of phagocytes in killing bacteria is still limited, especially in vivo. In this study, we established a zebrafish model to study the interaction between intravenously administered pneumococci and professional phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils, to unravel bacterial killing mechanisms employed by these immune cells. Our model confirmed the key role of polysaccharide capsule in promoting pneumococcal virulence through inhibition of phagocytosis. Conversely, we show pneumococci lacking a capsule are rapidly internalised by macrophages. Low doses of encapsulated S. pneumoniae cause near 100% mortality within 48 hours postinfection (hpi), while 50 times higher doses of unencapsulated pneumococci are easily cleared. Time course analysis of in vivo bacterial numbers reveals that while encapsulated pneumococcus proliferates to levels exceeding 105 CFU at the time of host death, unencapsulated bacteria are unable to grow and are cleared within 20 hpi. Using genetically induced macrophage depletion, we confirmed an essential role for macrophages in bacterial clearance. Additionally, we show that upon phagocytosis by macrophages, phagosomes undergo rapid acidification. Genetic and chemical inhibition of vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase) prevents intracellular bacterial killing and induces host death indicating a key role of phagosomal acidification in immunity to invading pneumococci. We also show that our model can be used to study the efficacy of antimicrobials against pneumococci in vivo. Collectively, our data confirm that larval zebrafish can be used to dissect killing mechanisms during pneumococcal infection in vivo and highlight key roles for phagosomal acidification in macrophages for pathogen clearance.
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Sirés-Campos J, Lambertos A, Delevoye C, Raposo G, Bennett DC, Sviderskaya E, Jiménez-Cervantes C, Olivares C, García-Borrón JC. Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 regulates pigmentation by controlling the pH of melanosomes in melanocytes and melanoma cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:47. [PMID: 34921635 PMCID: PMC8738503 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 (MGRN1) is an E3-ubiquitin ligase absent in dark-furred mahoganoid mice. We investigated the mechanisms of hyperpigmentation in Mgrn1-null melan-md1 melanocytes, Mgrn1-KO cells obtained by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockdown of Mgrn1 in melan-a6 melanocytes, and melan-a6 cells depleted of MGRN1 by siRNA treatment. Mgrn1-deficient melanocytes showed higher melanin content associated with increased melanosome abundance and higher fraction of melanosomes in highly melanized maturation stages III-IV. Expression, post-translational processing and enzymatic activity of the rate-limiting melanogenic enzyme tyrosinase measured in cell-free extracts were comparable in control and MGRN1-depleted cells. However, tyrosinase activity measured in situ in live cells and expression of genes associated with regulation of pH increased upon MGRN1 repression. Using pH-sensitive fluorescent probes, we found that downregulation of MGRN1 expression in melanocytes and melanoma cells increased the pH of acidic organelles, including melanosomes, strongly suggesting a previously unknown role of MGRN1 in the regulation of melanosomal pH. Among the pH regulatory genes upregulated by Mgrn1 knockdown, we identified those encoding several subunits of the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase V-ATPase (mostly Atp6v0d2) and a calcium channel of the transient receptor potential channel family, Mucolipin 3 (Mcoln3). Manipulation of expression of the Mcoln3 gene showed that overexpression of Mcoln3 played a significant role in neutralization of the pH of acidic organelles and activation of tyrosinase in MGRN1-depleted cells. Therefore, lack of MGRN1 led to cell-autonomous stimulation of pigment production in melanocytes mostly by increasing tyrosinase specific activity through neutralization of the melanosomal pH in a MCOLN3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sirés-Campos
- University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institut Curie, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, PSL Research University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Cédric Delevoye
- Institut Curie, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, PSL Research University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), PSL Research University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Graça Raposo
- Institut Curie, UMR144, Structure and Membrane Compartments, PSL Research University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut Curie, UMR144, Cell and Tissue Imaging Facility (PICT-IBiSA), PSL Research University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Dorothy C Bennett
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elena Sviderskaya
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
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Hsu CH, Liou GG, Jiang YJ. Nicastrin Deficiency Induces Tyrosinase-Dependent Depigmentation and Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 140:404-414.e13. [PMID: 31437444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skin depigmentation diseases, such as vitiligo, are pigmentation disorders that often destroy melanocytes. However, their pathological mechanisms remain unclear, and therefore, promising treatments or prevention has been lacking. Here, we demonstrate that a zebrafish insertional mutant showing a significant reduction of nicastrin transcript possesses melanosome maturation defect, Tyrosinase-dependent mitochondrial swelling, and melanophore cell death. The depigmentation phenotypes are proven to be a result of γ-secretase inactivation. Furthermore, live imaging demonstrates that macrophages are recruited to and can phagocytose melanophore debris. Thus, we characterize a potential zebrafish depigmentation disease model, a nicastrinhi1384 mutant, which can be used for further treatment or drug development of diseases related to skin depigmentation and/or inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Hsu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Gunn-Guang Liou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Jin Jiang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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Duan X, Yang S, Zhang L, Yang T. V-ATPases and osteoclasts: ambiguous future of V-ATPases inhibitors in osteoporosis. Theranostics 2018; 8:5379-5399. [PMID: 30555553 PMCID: PMC6276090 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) play a critical role in regulating extracellular acidification of osteoclasts and bone resorption. The deficiencies of subunit a3 and d2 of V-ATPases result in increased bone density in humans and mice. One of the traditional drug design strategies in treating osteoporosis is the use of subunit a3 inhibitor. Recent findings connect subunits H and G1 with decreased bone density. Given the controversial effects of ATPase subunits on bone density, there is a critical need to review the subunits of V-ATPase in osteoclasts and their functions in regulating osteoclasts and bone remodeling. In this review, we comprehensively address the following areas: information about all V-ATPase subunits and their isoforms; summary of V-ATPase subunits associated with human genetic diseases; V-ATPase subunits and osteopetrosis/osteoporosis; screening of all V-ATPase subunits variants in GEFOS data and in-house data; spectrum of V-ATPase subunits during osteoclastogenesis; direct and indirect roles of subunits of V-ATPases in osteoclasts; V-ATPase-associated signaling pathways in osteoclasts; interactions among V-ATPase subunits in osteoclasts; osteoclast-specific V-ATPase inhibitors; perspective of future inhibitors or activators targeting V-ATPase subunits in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tielin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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8
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Pemov A, Sung H, Hyland PL, Sloan JL, Ruppert SL, Baldwin AM, Boland JF, Bass SE, Lee HJ, Jones KM, Zhang X, Mullikin JC, Widemann BC, Wilson AF, Stewart DR. Genetic modifiers of neurofibromatosis type 1-associated café-au-lait macule count identified using multi-platform analysis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004575. [PMID: 25329635 PMCID: PMC4199479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant, monogenic disorder of dysregulated neurocutaneous tissue growth. Pleiotropy, variable expressivity and few NF1 genotype-phenotype correlates limit clinical prognostication in NF1. Phenotype complexity in NF1 is hypothesized to derive in part from genetic modifiers unlinked to the NF1 locus. In this study, we hypothesized that normal variation in germline gene expression confers risk for certain phenotypes in NF1. In a set of 79 individuals with NF1, we examined the association between gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines with NF1-associated phenotypes and sequenced select genes with significant phenotype/expression correlations. In a discovery cohort of 89 self-reported European-Americans with NF1 we examined the association between germline sequence variants of these genes with café-au-lait macule (CALM) count, a tractable, tumor-like phenotype in NF1. Two correlated, common SNPs (rs4660761 and rs7161) between DPH2 and ATP6V0B were significantly associated with the CALM count. Analysis with tiled regression also identified SNP rs4660761 as significantly associated with CALM count. SNP rs1800934 and 12 rare variants in the mismatch repair gene MSH6 were also associated with CALM count. Both SNPs rs7161 and rs4660761 (DPH2 and ATP6V0B) were highly significant in a mega-analysis in a combined cohort of 180 self-reported European-Americans; SNP rs1800934 (MSH6) was near-significant in a meta-analysis assuming dominant effect of the minor allele. SNP rs4660761 is predicted to regulate ATP6V0B, a gene associated with melanosome biology. Individuals with homozygous mutations in MSH6 can develop an NF1-like phenotype, including multiple CALMs. Through a multi-platform approach, we identified variants that influence NF1 CALM count. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a relatively common genetic disease that increases the chance to develop a variety of benign and malignant tumors. People with NF1 also typically feature a large number of birthmarks called café-au-lait macules. It is difficult to predict severity or specific problems in NF1. We sought to identify genes (other than NF1, the gene that causes the disease) that influence severity in NF1. We determined the number of café-au-lait macules in two groups of people with NF1. We measured the gene expression of about 10,000 genes in the cultured white blood cells from one group of people. We then sequenced a group of genes whose expression level was increased in people with higher numbers of café-au-lait macules. In the first group, we found common variants in genes MSH6 and near DPH2 and ATP6V0B that were significantly associated with the number of café-au-lait macules. Some of these variants were close to significant in the second group of people. The two variants near DPH2 and ATP6V0B were very significant when analysed in both groups combined. Our work is among the first to identify genetic variants that influence the severity of NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pemov
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Heejong Sung
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paula L. Hyland
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Sloan
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarah L. Ruppert
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Baldwin
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph F. Boland
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sara E. Bass
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hyo Jung Lee
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kristine M. Jones
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xijun Zhang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - James C. Mullikin
- NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, National Human Genome Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexander F. Wilson
- Genometrics Section, Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Expression, purification and characterization of human vacuolar-type H+-ATPase subunit d1 and d2 in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 98:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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