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Jiang Y, Chen X, Wang Z, Deng H, Qin X, Huang L, Shen P. Potential application of a newly isolated microalga Desmodesmus sp. GXU-A4 for recycling Molasses vinasse. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138616. [PMID: 37028718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective and energy-efficient technologies for the stabilization of organic wastewater by microalgae has been essential and sought after. In the current study, GXU-A4 was isolated from an aerobic tank treating molasses vinasse (MV) and identified as Desmodesmus sp. based on its morphology, rbcL, and ITS sequences. It exhibited good growth with a high lipid content and chemical oxygen demand (COD) when grown using MV and the anaerobic digestate of MV (ADMV) as the growth medium. Three distinct COD concentrations for wastewater were established. Accordingly, GXU-A4 removed more than 90% of the COD from molasses vinasse (MV1, MV2, and MV3) with initial COD concentrations of 1193 mgL-1, 2100 mgL-1, and 3180 mgL-1, respectively. MV1 attained the highest COD and color removal rates of 92.48% and 64.63%, respectively, and accumulated 47.32% DW (dry weight) of lipids and 32.62% DW of carbohydrates, respectively. Moreover, GXU-A4 grew rapidly in anaerobic digestate of MV (ADMV1, ADMV2, and ADMV3) with initial COD concentrations of 1433 mgL-1, 2567 mgL-1, and 3293 mgL-1, respectively. Under ADMV3 conditions, the highest biomass reached 13.81 g L-1 and accumulated 27.43% DW of lipids and 38.70% DW of carbohydrates, respectively. Meanwhile, the removal rates of NH4-N and chroma in ADMV3 reached 91.10% and 47.89%, respectively, significantly reducing the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and color in ADMV. Thus, the results demonstrate that GXU-A4 has a high fouling tolerance, a rapid growth rate in MV and ADMV, the ability to achieve biomass accumulation and nutrient removal from wastewater, and a high potential for MV recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinqiang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongyu Deng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Xinhua Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China
| | - Luodong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
| | - Peihong Shen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzyme Engineering Technology, Nanning, 530005, Guangxi, China.
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Carvalhido V, Bessa da Silva M, Santos M, Tamagnini P, Melo P, Pereira R. Development of an ecotoxicological test procedure for soil microalgae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:147006. [PMID: 33872898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the 80s, ISO and OECD organizations have been developing guidelines for assessing the toxicity of new and existing chemical substances to soil biota. Up to now, any of these guidelines had soil algae as test organisms. Nevertheless, microalgae are relevant components of soil microbial communities and soil biological crusts (BSC) with a great contribution to different soil functions and ecosystem services. In an attempt to bridge the gap, the present work aimed to develop, describe and validate a standard operating procedure for an ecotoxicological test with soil microalgae. Three phases were performed, each one with specific objectives. First, soil microalgae and cyanobacteria were isolated from BSC and then genetically and morphologically characterized. The green microalga Micractinium inermum was selected because it is a species with a wide geographic distribution. Secondly, M. inermum growth curves were obtained in liquid (BG11 and Woods-Hole MBL) and solid media (OECD artificial soil) to determine test duration. The growth curves were also used to analyze the reproducibility of the test's endpoint and to propose a validation criterion. Ultimately, a range of concentrations of two reference substances (glyphosate and copper) were tested, both in soil and liquid media, to assess procedure's reproducibility. The tests made in liquid medium followed the standard guideline for ecotoxicological tests with freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria (OECD 201:2011). The results obtained prove that when the artificial soil is used, as a test substrate, the sensitivity of M. inermum increases. The tests performed with both reference substances demonstrate that the procedure described for testing in soil was reproducible. Additionally, it will be relevant to test with other reference substances and adjust the procedure for natural soils. It will be also interesting to validate the test procedure with soil cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Carvalhido
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia Bessa da Silva
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Tamagnini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde & IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Melo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua da Agrária 747, 4485-646 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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Maltsev Y, Maltseva I, Maltseva S, Kociolek JP, Kulikovskiy M. A New Species of Freshwater Algae Nephrochlamys yushanlensis sp. nov. (Selenastraceae, Sphaeropleales) and Its Lipid Accumulation during Nitrogen and Phosphorus Starvation. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:606-618. [PMID: 33296071 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The new species Nephrochlamys yushanlensis sp. nov. is described from a freshwater plankton sample. A comparison of morphology, 18S rDNA gene and ITS2 sequences, and fatty acid profiles showed that the novel strain represents a new lineage within the genus Nephrochlamys. For the first time with a member of the Selenastraceae, experiments with phosphate and nitrate deprivation were conducted to evaluate changes in biomass, lipid and triacylglycerol (TAGs) accumulation, and composition of fatty acids. Biomass dry weight under simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus depletion was 1.73 g · L-1 , which is significantly lower than the 2.41 g · L-1 observed in the control. All conditions of nutrient restriction significantly increased the lipid content in comparison with the control. The largest increase in the total lipid content, reaching 58.64% DW per cell at the end of cultivation, occurred with nitrogen deficiency. Significant increases in TAGs content (to 23.69% and 21.74%, respectively) occurred in phosphorus- and nitrogen-depleted conditions in comparison to the control (16.90%). Oleic (49.8-64.1%), palmitic (21.1-22.7%), and linoleic (8.6-10.3%) acids were the dominant fatty acids when cultured on standard BBM medium, as well as with the shortage of nutrients. Phosphorus deprivation as well as absence of both nitrogen and phosphorus led to the appearance of FAMEs α-linolenic (1.5-4.1%) and stearidonic (1.0-1.8%) acids. In general, FAME profiles revealed that the relative percentage of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids increased (88.9% of total fatty acids) in nitrogen-depletion conditions, suggesting this strain may be suitable for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen Maltsev
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - Irina Maltseva
- Bohdan Khmelnytskyi Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 72312, Melitopol, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana Maltseva
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
| | - John Patrick Kociolek
- Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA
| | - Maxim Kulikovskiy
- К.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, IPP RAS, Moscow, 127276, Russia
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Hoshina R, Tsukii Y, Harumoto T, Suzaki T. Characterization of a green Stentor with symbiotic algae growing in an extremely oligotrophic environment and storing large amounts of starch granules in its cytoplasm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2865. [PMID: 33536497 PMCID: PMC7859197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Stentor is a relatively well-known ciliate owing to its lucid trumpet shape. Stentor pyriformis represents a green, short, and fat Stentor, but it is a little-known species. We investigated 124 ponds and wetlands in Japan and confirmed the presence of S. pyriformis at 23 locations. All these ponds were noticeably oligotrophic. With the improvement of oligotrophic culture conditions, we succeeded in long-term cultivation of three strains of S. pyriformis. The cytoplasm of S. piriformis contains a large number of 1-3 μm refractive granules that turn brown by Lugol's staining. The granules also show a typical Maltese-cross pattern by polarization microscopy, strongly suggesting that the granules are made of amylopectin-rich starch. By analyzing the algal rDNA, it was found that all S. pyriformis symbionts investigated in this study were Chlorella variabilis. This species is known as the symbiont of Paramecium bursaria and is physiologically specialized for endosymbiosis. Genetic discrepancies between C. variabilis of S. pyriformis and P. bursaria may indicate that algal sharing was an old incident. Having symbiotic algae and storing carbohydrate granules in the cytoplasm is considered a powerful strategy for this ciliate to withstand oligotrophic and cold winter environments in highland bogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hoshina
- grid.419056.f0000 0004 1793 2541Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Tamura 1266, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Yuuji Tsukii
- grid.257114.40000 0004 1762 1436Laboratory of Biological Science, Hosei University, 2-17-1 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8160 Japan
| | - Terue Harumoto
- grid.174568.90000 0001 0059 3836Research Group of Biological Sciences, Division of Natural Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506 Japan
| | - Toshinobu Suzaki
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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Isolation and Characterization of Two Microalgal Isolates from Vietnam with Potential for Food, Feed, and Biodiesel Production. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are promising feedstock for the production of biodiesel and diverse medium- and high-value products such as pigments and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The importance of strain selection adapted to specific environments is important for economical purposes. We characterize here two microalgal strains, isolated from wastewater of shrimp cultivation ponds in Vietnam. Based on the 18S rDNA-ITS region, one strain belongs to the Eustigmatophyceae class and is identical to the Nannochloropsis salina isolate D12 (JX185299.1), while the other is a Chlorophyceae belonging to the Desmodesmus genus, which possesses a S516 group I intron in its 18S rDNA gene. The N. salina strain is a marine and oleaginous microalga (40% of dry weight (DW) at stationary phase) whole oil is rich in saturated fatty acids (around 45% of C16:0) suitable for biodiesel and contains a few percent of eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5). The Desmodesmus isolate can assimilate acetate and ammonium and is rich in lutein. Its oil contains around 40%–50% α-linolenic acid (C18:3), an essential fatty acid. Since they tolerate various salinities (10% to 35‰), both strains are thus interesting for biodiesel or aquaculture valorization in coastal and tropical climate where water, nutrient, and salinity availability vary greatly depending on the season.
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Identity, ecology and ecophysiology of planktic green algae dominating in ice-covered lakes on James Ross Island (northeastern Antarctic Peninsula). Extremophiles 2016; 21:187-200. [PMID: 27888351 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the phylogenetic relationships, ecology and ecophysiological characteristics of the dominant planktic algae in ice-covered lakes on James Ross Island (northeastern Antarctic Peninsula). Phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA together with analysis of ITS2 rDNA secondary structure and cell morphology revealed that the two strains belong to one species of the genus Monoraphidium (Chlorophyta, Sphaeropleales, Selenastraceae) that should be described as new in future. Immotile green algae are thus apparently capable to become the dominant primary producer in the extreme environment of Antarctic lakes with extensive ice-cover. The strains grew in a wide temperature range, but the growth was inhibited at temperatures above 20 °C, indicating their adaptation to low temperature. Preferences for low irradiances reflected the light conditions in their original habitat. Together with relatively high growth rates (0.4-0.5 day-1) and unprecedently high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA, more than 70% of total fatty acids), it makes these isolates interesting candidates for biotechnological applications.
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Characterization and classification of highly productive microalgae strains discovered for biofuel and bioproduct generation. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hoshina R, Kusuoka Y. DNA Analysis of Algal Endosymbionts of Ciliates Reveals the State of Algal Integration and the Surprising Specificity of the Symbiosis. Protist 2016; 167:174-84. [PMID: 27011222 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Many freshwater protists harbor unicellular green algae within their cells, but little is known of their degree of integration and specificity. Using algae-targeted PCR of whole ciliate cells collected at irregular intervals over 15 months from Lake Biwa, Japan, we explored the SSU-ITS rDNA of the endosymbiotic algae and its changes over time, obtaining sequences of algal rDNA fragments from four ciliate species. A high proportion of clonal algae was evident within the ciliate cells. The differences observed in those sequences from the SSU through to the ITS region were less than 1%. The name 'Chlorb' is proposed for these algae, with the implication that they represent a single 'species.' The sequences of the algal DNA fragments were identical for any given host species throughout the collection period, thus we conclude that these four ciliates stably retain their algae over long term. In contrast, algal DNA fragments obtained from Didinium sp. were variable within each sample, which indicates that this ciliate only temporarily holds its algal cells. The ITS1 sequences of Chlorb populations are close (at intraspecific level) to those of algae isolated from ciliates in Austria, which raises the possibility that Chlorb algae are universally shared as symbionts among various ciliates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hoshina
- Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology Tamura 1266, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Kusuoka
- Lake Biwa Museum Oroshimo 1091, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0001, Japan
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Hadi SIIA, Santana H, Brunale PPM, Gomes TG, Oliveira MD, Matthiensen A, Oliveira MEC, Silva FCP, Brasil BSAF. DNA Barcoding Green Microalgae Isolated from Neotropical Inland Waters. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149284. [PMID: 26900844 PMCID: PMC4767179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the feasibility of using the Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase Large subunit gene (rbcL) and the Internal Transcribed Spacers 1 and 2 of the nuclear rDNA (nuITS1 and nuITS2) markers for identifying a very diverse, albeit poorly known group, of green microalgae from neotropical inland waters. Fifty-one freshwater green microalgae strains isolated from Brazil, the largest biodiversity reservoir in the neotropics, were submitted to DNA barcoding. Currently available universal primers for ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region amplification were sufficient to successfully amplify and sequence 47 (92%) of the samples. On the other hand, new sets of primers had to be designed for rbcL, which allowed 96% of the samples to be sequenced. Thirty-five percent of the strains could be unambiguously identified to the species level based either on nuITS1 or nuITS2 sequences' using barcode gap calculations. nuITS2 Compensatory Base Change (CBC) and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region phylogenetic analysis, together with morphological inspection, confirmed the identification accuracy. In contrast, only 6% of the strains could be assigned to the correct species based solely on rbcL sequences. In conclusion, the data presented here indicates that either nuITS1 or nuITS2 are useful markers for DNA barcoding of freshwater green microalgae, with advantage for nuITS2 due to the larger availability of analytical tools and reference barcodes deposited at databases for this marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sámed I. I. A. Hadi
- Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Gurupi, TO, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hugo Santana
- Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
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Heeg JS, Wolf M. ITS2 and 18S rDNA sequence-structure phylogeny of Chlorella and allies (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorellaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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