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Buzza A, Tapas K, Anders J, Jenkins M, Moffitt M. Photobiomodulation for pain relief: Model-based estimates of effective doses of light at the neural target. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 256:112929. [PMID: 38759478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been studied since the 1960s as a clinical tool. More recently, PBM has been observed to reduce compound action potential components and hypersensitivities associated with neuropathic pains. However, no definitive description of efficacious light parameters has been determined. Some reasons may be that previous meta-analyses and reviews have focused on emitter output rather than the light at the target tissue and have included data sets that are large but with notable variability (e.g., combining data from various disease etiologies, and data from PBM at various wavelengths). This fact has made it difficult to successfully define the range of effective parameters. METHODS In this study, photon propagation software was used to estimate irradiance at a target nerve using several published data sets chosen for their narrow criteria to minimize variability. Utilizing these estimates, effective and ineffective light irradiances at the nerve of interest for wavelengths of 633 nm or 808-830 nm were examined and estimated. These estimates are focused on the amount of light required to achieve a reduction in pain or a surrogate measure via a hypothesized nerve block mechanism. RESULTS Accounting for irradiance at the target nerve yielded a clear separation of PBM doses that achieved small-fiber nerve block from those that did not. For both the 633 nm group and the 808-830 group, the irradiance separation threshold followed a nonlinear path with respect to PBM application duration, where shorter durations required higher irradiances, and longer durations required lower irradiances. Using the same modeling methods, irradiance was estimated as a function of depth from a transcutaneous source (distance from skin surface) for emitter output power using small or large emitter sizes. CONCLUSION Taken together, the results of this study can be used to estimate effective PBM dosing schemes to achieve small-fiber inhibition for various anatomical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Buzza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Kalista Tapas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Juanita Anders
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michael Moffitt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Role of Caspases and Gasdermin A during HSV-1 Infection in Mice. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092034. [PMID: 36146839 PMCID: PMC9504851 DOI: 10.3390/v14092034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection can manifest locally as mucocutaneous lesions or keratitis and can also spread to the central nervous system to cause encephalitis. HSV-1 establishes a lifelong latent infection and neither cure nor vaccine is currently available. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against infection. Caspases and gasdermins are important components of innate immunity. Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases, most of which mediate regulated cell death. Gasdermins are a family of pore-forming proteins that trigger lytic cell death. To determine whether caspases or gasdermins contribute to innate immune defenses against HSV-1, we screened mice deficient in specific cell death genes. Our results indicate a modest role for caspase-6 in defense against HSV-1. Further, Asc–/–Casp1/11–/– mice also had a modest increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection. Caspase-7, -8, and -14 did not have a notable role in controlling HSV-1 infection. We generated Gsdma1-Gsdma2-Gsdma3 triple knockout mice, which also had normal susceptibility to HSV-1. We confirmed that the previously published importance of RIPK3 during systemic HSV-1 infection also holds true during skin infection. Overall, our data highlight that as a successful pathogen, HSV-1 has multiple ways to evade host innate immune responses.
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Richner M, Gonçalves NP, Jensen PH, Nyengaard JR, Vægter CB, Jan A. Recombinant adeno-associated virus mediated gene delivery in the extracranial nervous system of adult mice by direct nerve immersion. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101181. [PMID: 35243373 PMCID: PMC8861814 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This protocol outlines a minimally invasive and quickly performed approach for transgene delivery in the extracranial nervous system of adult mice using recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV). The technique, named Sciatic Nerve Direct Immersion (SciNDi), relies on the direct bilateral immersion of the exposed sciatic nerve with AAV. We show that in comparison with intramuscular AAV delivery, SciNDi results in widespread transduction in connected neuroanatomical tracts both in the sciatic nerve trunk and the lumbar spinal cord. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jan et al. (2019) and Richner et al. (2011, 2017). A facile approach for AAV delivery in the peripheral nervous system of adult mice Transduction of sciatic nerve and modestly in spinal cord ventral horn neurons Avoids tissue trauma associated with direct intraparenchymal injection of AAV
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Richner
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Corresponding author
| | - Nádia Pereira Gonçalves
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Christian Bjerggaard Vægter
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE), Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Asad Jan
- DANDRITE, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Corresponding author
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Gavini CK, Elshareif N, Aubert G, Germanwala AV, Calcutt NA, Mansuy-Aubert V. LXR agonist improves peripheral neuropathy and modifies PNS immune cells in aged mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:57. [PMID: 35219337 PMCID: PMC8882298 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral neuropathy is a common and progressive disorder in the elderly that interferes with daily activities. It is of importance to find efficient treatments to treat or delay this age-related neurodegeneration. Silencing macrophages by reducing foamy macrophages showed significant improvement of age-related degenerative changes in peripheral nerves of aged mice. We previously demonstrated that activation of the cholesterol sensor Liver X receptor (LXR) with the potent agonist, GW3965, alleviates pain in a diet-induced obesity model. We sought to test whether LXR activation may improve neuropathy in aged mice. Methods 21-month-old mice were treated with GW3965 (25 mg/Kg body weight) for 3 months while testing for mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. At termination, flow cytometry was used to profile dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve cells. Immune cells were sorted and analyzed for cholesterol and gene expression. Nerve fibers of the skin from the paws were analyzed. Some human sural nerves were also evaluated. Comparisons were made using either t test or one-way ANOVA. Results Treatment with GW3965 prevented the development of mechanical hypersensitivity and thermal hyperalgesia over time in aged mice. We also observed change in polarization and cholesterol content of sciatic nerve macrophages accompanied by a significant increase in nerve fibers of the skin. Conclusions These results suggest that activation of the LXR may delay the PNS aging by modifying nerve-immune cell lipid content. Our study provides new potential targets to treat or delay neuropathy during aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02423-z.
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Hwang D, Vinod N, Skoczen SL, Ramsey JD, Snapp KS, Montgomery SA, Wang M, Lim C, Frank JE, Sokolsky-Papkov M, Li Z, Yuan H, Stern ST, Kabanov AV. Bioequivalence assessment of high-capacity polymeric micelle nanoformulation of paclitaxel and Abraxane® in rodent and non-human primate models using a stable isotope tracer assay. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121140. [PMID: 34634661 PMCID: PMC10726948 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo fate of nanoformulated drugs is governed by the physicochemical properties of the drug and the functionality of nanocarriers. Nanoformulations such as polymeric micelles, which physically encapsulate poorly soluble drugs, release their payload into the bloodstream during systemic circulation. This results in three distinct fractions of the drug-nanomedicine: encapsulated, protein-bound, and free drug. Having a thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of each fraction is essential to elucidate mechanisms of nanomedicine-driven changes in drug exposure and PK/PD relationships pharmacodynamic activity. Here, we present a comprehensive preclinical assessment of the poly (2-oxazoline)-based polymeric micelle of paclitaxel (PTX) (POXOL hl-PM), including bioequivalence comparison to the clinically approved paclitaxel nanomedicine, Abraxane®. Physicochemical characterization and toxicity analysis of POXOL hl-PM was conducted using standardized protocols by the Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory (NCL). The bioequivalence of POXOL hl-PM to Abraxane® was evaluated in rats and rhesus macaques using the NCL's established stable isotope tracer ultrafiltration assay (SITUA) to delineate the plasma PK of each PTX fraction. The SITUA study revealed that POXOL hl-PM and Abraxane® had comparable PK profiles not only for total PTX but also for the distinct drug fractions, suggesting bioequivalence in given animal models. The comprehensive preclinical evaluation of POXOL hl-PM in this study showcases a series of widely applicable standardized studies by NCL for assessing nanoformulations prior to clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duhyeong Hwang
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Natasha Vinod
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States; Joint UNC/NC State Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Sarah L Skoczen
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Jacob D Ramsey
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Kelsie S Snapp
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Stephanie A Montgomery
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Mengzhe Wang
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Chaemin Lim
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Jonathan E Frank
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Marina Sokolsky-Papkov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Zibo Li
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Hong Yuan
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Stephan T Stern
- Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, 21702, United States
| | - Alexander V Kabanov
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States; Laboratory of Chemical Design of Bionanomaterials, Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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Yaghootfam C, Gehrig B, Sylvester M, Gieselmann V, Matzner U. Deletion of fatty acid amide hydrolase reduces lyso-sulfatide levels but exacerbates metachromatic leukodystrophy in mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101064. [PMID: 34375644 PMCID: PMC8435702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An inherited deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA) causes the lysosomal storage disease metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) characterized by massive intralysosomal storage of the acidic glycosphingolipid sulfatide and progressive demyelination. Lyso-sulfatide, which differs from sulfatide by the lack of the N-linked fatty acid also accumulates in MLD and is considered a key driver of pathology although its concentrations are far below sulfatide levels. However, the metabolic origin of lyso-sulfatide is unknown. We show here that ASA-deficient murine macrophages and microglial cells express an endo-N-deacylase that cleaves the N-linked fatty acid from sulfatide. An ASA-deficient astrocytoma cell line devoid of this activity was used to identify the enzyme by overexpressing 13 deacylases with potentially matching substrate specificities. Hydrolysis of sulfatide was detected only in cells overexpressing the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). A cell-free assay with recombinant FAAH confirmed the novel role of this enzyme in sulfatide hydrolysis. Consistent with the in vitro data, deletion of FAAH lowered lyso-sulfatide levels in a mouse model of MLD. Regardless of the established cytotoxicity of lyso-sulfatide and the anti-inflammatory effects of FAAH inhibition seen in mouse models of several neurological diseases, genetic inactivation of FAAH did not mitigate, but rather exacerbated the disease phenotype of MLD mice. This unexpected finding was reflected by worsening of rotarod performance, increase of anxiety-related exploratory activity, aggravation of peripheral neuropathy and reduced life expectancy. Thus, we conclude that FAAH has a protective function in MLD and may represent a novel therapeutic target for treatment of this fatal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Yaghootfam
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Gehrig
- Medical Faculty, Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Sylvester
- Medical Faculty, Core Facility Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Volkmar Gieselmann
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Matzner
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Almeida CGM, Costa-Higuchi K, Piovesan AR, Moro CF, Venturin GT, Greggio S, Costa-Ferro ZS, Salamoni SD, Peigneur S, Tytgat J, de Lima ME, Silva CND, Vinadé L, Rowan EG, DaCosta JC, Dal Belo CA, Carlini CR. Neurotoxic and convulsant effects induced by jack bean ureases on the mammalian nervous system. Toxicology 2021; 454:152737. [PMID: 33631299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ureases are microbial virulence factors either because of the enzymatic release of ammonia or due to many other non-enzymatic effects. Here we studied two neurotoxic urease isoforms, Canatoxin (CNTX) and Jack Bean Urease (JBU), produced by the plant Canavalia ensiformis, whose mechanisms of action remain elusive. The neurotoxins provoke convulsions in rodents (LD50 ∼2 mg/kg) and stimulate exocytosis in cell models, affecting intracellular calcium levels. Here, electrophysiological and brain imaging techniques were applied to elucidate their mode of action. While systemic administration of the toxins causes tonic-clonic seizures in rodents, JBU injected into rat hippocampus induced spike-wave discharges similar to absence-like seizures. JBU reduced the amplitude of compound action potential from mouse sciatic nerve in a tetrodotoxin-insensitive manner. Hippocampal slices from CNTX-injected animals or slices treated in vitro with JBU failed to induce long term potentiation upon tetanic stimulation. Rat cortical synaptosomes treated with JBU released L-glutamate. JBU increased the intracellular calcium levels and spontaneous firing rate in rat hippocampus neurons. MicroPET scans of CNTX-injected rats revealed increased [18]Fluoro-deoxyglucose uptake in epileptogenesis-related areas like hippocampus and thalamus. Curiously, CNTX did not affect voltage-gated sodium, calcium or potassium channels currents, neither did it interfere on cholinergic receptors, suggesting an indirect mode of action that could be related to the ureases' membrane-disturbing properties. Understanding the neurotoxic mode of action of C. ensiformis ureases could help to unveil the so far underappreciated relevance of these toxins in diseases caused by urease-producing microorganisms, in which the human central nervous system is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gabriel Moreira Almeida
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kiyo Costa-Higuchi
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Materials Technology and Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angela Regina Piovesan
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Celular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlo Frederico Moro
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gianina Teribele Venturin
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel Greggio
- Preclinical Research Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Zaquer Susana Costa-Ferro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Simone Denise Salamoni
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Laboratory of Toxicology & Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Elena de Lima
- Institute of Teaching and Research, Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Vinadé
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Toxinology (Lanetox), Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Edward G Rowan
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jaderson Costa DaCosta
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cháriston André Dal Belo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Toxinology (Lanetox), Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
| | - Celia Regina Carlini
- Laboratory of Neurotoxins, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Scholl of Medicine, Pontificía Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Gupta S, Ghatak S, Hery T, Khanna S, El Masry M, Sundaresan VB, Sen CK. Ad hoc hybrid synaptic junctions to detect nerve stimulation and its application to detect onset of diabetic polyneuropathy. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 169:112618. [PMID: 33007616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a minimally invasive, synaptic transistor-based construct to monitor in vivo neuronal activity via a longitudinal study in mice and use depolarization time from measured data to predict the onset of polyneuropathy. The synaptic transistor is a three-terminal device in which ionic coupling between pre- and post-synaptic electrodes provides a framework for sensing low-power (sub μW) and high-bandwidth (0.1-0.5 kHz) ionic currents. A validated first principles-based approach is discussed to demonstrate the significance of this sensing framework and we introduce a metric, referred to as synaptic efficiency to quantify structural and functional properties of the electrodes in sensing. The application of this framework for in vivo neuronal sensing requires a post-synaptic electrode and its reference electrode and the tissue becomes the pre-synaptic signal. The ionic coupling resembles axo-axonic junction and hence we refer to this framework as an ad hoc synaptic junction. We demonstrate that this arrangement can be applied to measure excitability of sciatic nerves due to a stimulation of the footpad in cohorts of m+/db and db/db mice for detecting loss in sensitivity and onset of polyneuropathy. The signal attributes were subsequently integrated with machine learning-based framework to identify the probability of polyneuropathy and to detect the onset of diabetic polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujasha Gupta
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Travis Hery
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA
| | - Savita Khanna
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Mohamed El Masry
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Zagazig University, 44519, Egypt
| | - Vishnu Baba Sundaresan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA.
| | - Chandan K Sen
- Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Sun S, Delgado J, Behzadian N, Yeomans D, Anderson TA. Ex Vivo Whole Nerve Electrophysiology Setup, Action Potential Recording, and Data Analyses in a Rodent Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 93:e99. [PMID: 32663369 DOI: 10.1002/cpns.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo rodent whole nerves provide a model for assessing the effects of interventions on nerve impulse transmission and consequent sensory and/or motor function. Nerve impulse transmission can be measured through sciatic nerve compound action potential (CAP) recordings. However, de novo development and implementation of an ex vivo whole nerve resection protocol and an electrophysiology setup that retains nerve viability, that produces low noise CAP signals, and that allows for data analysis is challenging. Additionally, some of the existing literature lacks detail and accuracy and may be out of date. This article describes detailed protocols for rodent ex vivo sciatic nerve dissection and handling; importance of an optimal physiologic solution; computer-aided designs for 3D printing of readily adaptable ex vivo rodent whole nerve electrophysiology chambers; construction of low-cost, effective suction electrodes; setup and use of nerve stimulators and amplifiers; acquisition of low noise, small voltage CAP data and digital conversion; use of software for data analyses of CAP components; and tips for troubleshooting. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Electrophysiology wiring and hardware setup Support Protocol 1: 3D printing an electrophysiology chamber Support Protocol 2: Building suction electrodes Basic Protocol 2: Sciatic nerve dissection and compound action potential recording Basic Protocol 3: Data export and analysis Support Protocol 3: Preparation of HEPES-buffered physiologic solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sun
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jorge Delgado
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | | | - David Yeomans
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Thomas Anthony Anderson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Expression and regulation of FRMD6 in mouse DRG neurons and spinal cord after nerve injury. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1880. [PMID: 32024965 PMCID: PMC7002571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
FRMD6, a member of the group of FERM-domain proteins, is involved both in communication between cells, interactions with extracellular matrix, cellular apoptotic and regenerative mechanisms. FRMD6 was first discovered in the rodent sciatic nerve, and in the present immunohistochemical study we investigated the distribution of FRMD6 in the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), sciatic nerve and spinal cord following sciatic nerve injury. FRMD6-immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm, nucleus or both, and in a majority of DRG neurons. FRMD6-immunoreactivity co-existed with several well-known neuronal markers, including calcitonin gene-related peptide, isolectin B4 and neurofilament 200 in mouse DRGs. After peripheral nerve injury, the FRMD6 mRNA levels and the overall percentage of FRMD6-positive neuron profiles (NPs) were decreased in ipsilateral lumbar DRGs, the latter mainly affecting small size neurons with cytoplasmic localization. Conversely, the proportion of NPs with nuclear FRMD6-immunoreactivity was significantly increased. In the sciatic nerve, FRMD6-immunoreactivity was observed in non-neuronal cells and in axons, and accumulated proximally to a ligation of the nerve. In the spinal cord FRMD6-immunoreactivity was detected in neurons in both dorsal and ventral horns, and was upregulated in ipsilateral dorsal horn after peripheral nerve axotomy. Our results demonstrate that FRMD6 is strictly regulated by peripheral nerve injury at the spinal level.
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Sleigh JN, Tosolini AP, Schiavo G. In Vivo Imaging of Anterograde and Retrograde Axonal Transport in Rodent Peripheral Nerves. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2143:271-292. [PMID: 32524487 PMCID: PMC7116510 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0585-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Axonal transport, which is the process mediating the active shuttling of a variety cargoes from one end of an axon to the other, is essential for the development, function, and survival of neurons. Impairments in this dynamic process are linked to diverse nervous system diseases and advanced ageing. It is thus essential that we quantitatively study the kinetics of axonal transport to gain an improved understanding of neuropathology as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating cargo trafficking. One of the best ways to achieve this goal is by imaging individual, fluorescent cargoes in live systems and analyzing the kinetic properties of their progression along the axon. We have therefore developed an intravital technique to visualize different organelles, such as signaling endosomes and mitochondria, being actively transported in the axons of both motor and sensory neurons in live, anesthetized rodents. In this chapter, we provide step-by-step instructions on how to deliver specific organelle-targeting, fluorescent probes using several routes of administration to image individual cargoes being bidirectionally transported along axons within the exposed sciatic nerve. This method can provide detailed, physiologically relevant information on axonal transport, and is thus poised to elucidate mechanisms regulating this process in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N Sleigh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew P Tosolini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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12
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Li WY, Zhu GY, Yue WJ, Sun GD, Zhu XF, Wang Y. KLF7 overexpression in bone marrow stromal stem cells graft transplantation promotes sciatic nerve regeneration. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:056011. [PMID: 31296795 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous study demonstrated that the transcription factor, Krüppel-like Factor 7 (KLF7), stimulates axon regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. In the present study, we used a gene therapy approach to overexpress KLF7 in bone marrow-derived stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) as support cells, combined with acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) and determined the potential therapeutic efficacy of a KLF7-transfected BMSC nerve graft transplantation in a rodent model for sciatic nerve injury and repair. APPROACH We efficiently transfected BMSCs with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-KLF7, which were then seeded in ANAs for bridging sciatic nerve defects. MAIN RESULTS KLF7 overexpression promotes proliferation, survival, and Schwann-like cell differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. In vivo, KLF7 overexpression promotes transplanted BMSCs survival and myelinated fiber regeneration in regenerating ANAs; however, KLF7 did not improve Schwann-like cell differentiation of BMSCs within in the nerve grafts. KLF7-BMSCs significantly upregulated expression and secretion of neurotrophic factors by BMSCs, including nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in regenerating ANA. KLF7-BMSCs also improved motor axon regeneration, and subsequent neuromuscular innervation and prevention of muscle atrophy. These benefits were associated with increased motor functional recovery of regenerating ANAs. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that KLF7-BMSCs promoted peripheral nerve axon regeneration and myelination, and ultimately, motor functional recovery. The mechanism of KLF7 action may be related to its ability to enhance transplanted BMSCs survival and secrete neurotrophic factors rather than Schwann-like cell differentiation. This study provides novel foundational data connecting the benefits of KLF7 in neural injury and repair to BMSC biology and function, and demonstrates a potential combination approach for the treatment of injured peripheral nerve via nerve graft transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yuan Li
- Institute of Neural Tissue Engineering, Mudanjiang College of Medicine, Mudanjiang 157011, People's Republic of China
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13
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Pellegrini D, Del Grosso A, Angella L, Giordano N, Dilillo M, Tonazzini I, Caleo M, Cecchini M, McDonnell LA. Quantitative Microproteomics Based Characterization of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System of a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1227-1241. [PMID: 30926673 PMCID: PMC6553931 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease is a rare, childhood lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase (GALC). The major effect of GALC deficiency is the accumulation of psychosine in the nervous system and widespread degeneration of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, causing rapid demyelination. The molecular mechanisms of Krabbe disease are not yet fully elucidated and a definite cure is still missing. Here we report the first in-depth characterization of the proteome of the Twitcher mouse, a spontaneous mouse model of Krabbe disease, to investigate the proteome changes in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. We applied a TMT-based workflow to compare the proteomes of the corpus callosum, motor cortex and sciatic nerves of littermate homozygous Twitcher and wild-type mice. More than 400 protein groups exhibited differences in expression and included proteins involved in pathways that can be linked to Krabbe disease, such as inflammatory and defense response, lysosomal proteins accumulation, demyelination, reduced nervous system development and cell adhesion. These findings provide new insights on the molecular mechanisms of Krabbe disease, representing a starting point for future functional experiments to study the molecular pathogenesis of Krabbe disease. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010594.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pellegrini
- From ‡NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
- §Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, 56107 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ambra Del Grosso
- From ‡NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
- ¶NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marialaura Dilillo
- §Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, 56107 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Cecchini
- From ‡NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa 56127, Italy
- ¶NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Liam A McDonnell
- §Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza ONLUS, 56107 San Giuliano Terme, Pisa, Italy;
- **Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Merchán-Rubira J, Sebastián-Serrano Á, Díaz-Hernández M, Avila J, Hernández F. Peripheral nervous system effects in the PS19 tau transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:204-208. [PMID: 30677432 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that transgenic mice overexpressing human tau protein with P301S mutation driven by the mouse prion protein promoter show clasping and limb retraction, hunched back and paralysis, followed by inability to feed that results in death around 12 months of age. To understand these motor deficits, we have carried out rotarod tests on PS19 line and demonstrated how they worsened during aging. Then, we have analyzed if these phenotypic characteristics correlate with sciatic nerve degeneration. We first demonstrated by western blot and immunohistochemistry that the sciatic nerve expresses the transgenic tau protein; then, electron microscopy studies showed alterations in myelin, mainly a detachment of myelin lamellae at Schmidt-Lanterman clefts. Similar motor deficits and myelin alterations have been previously reported in tau knockout and overexpressing transgenic mice; taking into account that PS19 model is widely used to study tauopathies, we suggest that analyzing the expression of transgenic tau protein and myelin abnormalities in the sciatic nerve should be considered when studying some features as motor performance or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Álvaro Sebastián-Serrano
- CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Díaz-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Avila
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Spain
| | - Félix Hernández
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; CIBERNED, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Spain.
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Yamamoto M, Motomura E, Yanagisawa R, Hoang VAT, Mogi M, Mori T, Nakamura M, Takeya M, Eto K. Evaluation of neurobehavioral impairment in methylmercury-treated KK-Ay mice by dynamic weight-bearing test. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:221-230. [PMID: 30175511 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is known to cause neurobehavioral impairment in human and experimental animals. We previously reported that MeHg (5 mg Hg/kg) induced severe neurobehavioral dysfunction in 4-week-old KK-Ay mice, although it is difficult to evaluate quantitatively the neurobehavioral impairment in MeHg-treated KK-Ay mice because of their obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate MeHg-induced neurobehavioral dysfunction in KK-Ay mice using the dynamic weight-bearing test, which analyzes the animal's weight distribution between the four limbs. Male 12-week-old KK-Ay mice were treated with MeHg (5 mg Hg/kg) three times per week for 5 weeks. Body weight loss began after approximately 2 weeks of MeHg treatment, and decreased significantly at 4 weeks. Seven of the nine MeHg-treated mice exhibited overt neurological symptoms such as ataxia and gait disturbance. The weight-bearing load was lower for the forelimb than for the hindlimb at baseline and until 1 week after MeHg treatment was initiated. In weeks 2-4, the dynamic weight-bearing loads on the forelimb and hindlimb were similar. The load on the forelimb exceeded the load on the hindlimb after 5 weeks of treatment. This finding indicates that the dynamic weight-bearing test is useful for semi-quantitative evaluation of neurobehavioral impairment in MeHg-treated rodents, and is less stressful for the animals. Infiltration of CD204-positive macrophages was observed in the sciatic nerve of MeHg-treated mice, suggesting that CD204 can serve as a useful marker of tissue injury in peripheral nerves and a possible target in regenerating peripheral nerves and controlling neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Yamamoto
- Integrated Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| | - Eriko Motomura
- Integrated Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| | - Rie Yanagisawa
- Center for Health and Environmental Risk Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Van Anh Thi Hoang
- Integrated Physiology Section, Department of Basic Medical Science, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan.,Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Science, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Masaki Mogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Mori
- Department of Pharmacology, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Medicine, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Komyo Eto
- Health and Nursing Facilities for the Aged, Jushindai, Shinwakai, 272 Ikurakitakata, Tamana, Kumamoto, 865-0041, Japan
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Krishnan VS, Shavlakadze T, Grounds MD, Hodgetts SI, Harvey AR. Age-related loss of VGLUT1 excitatory, but not VGAT inhibitory, immunoreactive terminals on motor neurons in spinal cords of old sarcopenic male mice. Biogerontology 2018; 19:385-399. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9765-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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SncRNA715 Inhibits Schwann Cell Myelin Basic Protein Synthesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136900. [PMID: 26317513 PMCID: PMC4552632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin basic proteins (MBP) are major constituents of the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the CNS Mbp translation occurs locally at the axon-glial contact site in a neuronal activity-dependent manner. Recently we identified the small non-coding RNA 715 (sncRNA715) as a key inhibitor of Mbp translation during transport in oligodendrocytes. Mbp mRNA localization in Schwann cells has been observed, but has not been investigated in much detail. Here we could confirm translational repression of Mbp mRNA in Schwann cells. We show that sncRNA715 is expressed and its levels correlate inversely with MBP in cultured Schwann cells and in the sciatic nerve in vivo. Furthermore we could reduce MBP protein levels in cultured Schwann cells by increasing the levels of the inhibitory sncRNA715. Our findings suggest similarities in sncRNA715-mediated translational repression of Mbp mRNA in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells.
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