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Shen N, Wei W, Chen Y, Liu S, Xiong L, Xiao J, Gu X, Xie Y, Xu J, Jing B, Peng X, Yang G. Vaccination with a cocktail vaccine elicits significant protection against Sarcoptes scabiei in rabbits, whereas the multi-epitope vaccine offers limited protection. Exp Parasitol 2023; 245:108442. [PMID: 36509170 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoptes scabiei cause scabies in humans or sarcoptic mange in animals. Currently, information regarding vaccines against S. scabiei is limited and no commercial vaccine is available. In present study, we expressed and mixed recombinant S. scabiei serpin (rSs-serpin), recombinant S. scabiei chitinase-like protein-5 [rSs-CLP5] and -12 [rSs-CLP12] as a cocktail vaccine (three proteins mixed), and also a multi-epitope protein derived from these three S. scabiei genes was expressed as a vaccine candidate to evaluate the effects of two vaccine strategies. Four test groups (n = 12 per group) and a control group (n = 12 per group) were involved in this vaccination trial. The results showed that 91.67% (11/12) and 83.33% (10/12) of rabbits exhibited no detectable skin lesions from S. scabiei infestation in cocktail vaccine groups, whereas two multi-epitope groups produced only a few rabbits (5/12, 6/12) having no detectable skin lesions. Four test groups displayed significant increases in specific IgG antibodies (Abs) and total IgE Abs after immunized with recombinant proteins. Taken together, our data demonstrated a mixture of rSs-serpin, rSs-CLP5 and rSs-CLP12 was a promising vaccine candidate that induced robust immune protection and could significantly decrease mite populations to reduce the direct transmission between rabbits. However, vaccination with the multi-epitope protein showed limited protection in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Wenrui Wei
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China; Mianyang Animal Disease Control Center, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Lang Xiong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
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Mange in Rabbits: An Ectoparasitic Disease with a Zoonotic Potential. Vet Med Int 2022; 2022:5506272. [PMID: 35880196 PMCID: PMC9308540 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5506272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mange in rabbits is a very important parasitic disease causing high losses. The disease is caused mainly by Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes cuniculi, Cheyletiella parasitovorax, and Notoedres cati. Body mange and ear mange are the most common forms of this disease in rabbits. Animals can get mite infestation through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated fomites. This infestation is characterized by zoonotic nature and public health burden. The skin affection is characterized by pruritus, alopecia, severe cachexia, and sometimes death. Infestation is diagnosed mainly by skin scraping and microscopic examination. Control measures mainly depend on the use of different types of systemic and topical acaricides and the use of natural products and supportive elements. Vaccine is not commercially available and is still under investigation. Accordingly, this review article was designed to shed the light on the mange disease in rabbits in terms of mite's infestation and susceptibility, clinical manifestations, zoonosis, diagnosis, and control strategies.
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Van H. Chemical constituents and biological activities of essential oils of Amomum genus (Zingiberaceae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.331267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Shen N, Wei W, Chen Y, Ren Y, Xiong L, Tao Y, Gu X, Xie Y, Peng X, Yang G. An Antibody Persistent and Protective Two rSsCLP-Based Subunit Cocktail Vaccine against Sarcoptes scabiei in a Rabbit Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010129. [PMID: 32187979 PMCID: PMC7157647 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a highly contagious disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei which burrows into stratum corneum of host's skin. In this study, after optimizing vaccination schedule, a vaccination trial is comprised of three test groups of rabbits (n = 10/group) by immunization with (1) rSsCLP5; (2) rSsCLP12; or (3) a mixture of rSsCLP5 and rSsCLP12, three biological replicates groups (n = 10/group) and three control groups (n = 10/group). Levels of specific IgG, total IgE and cytokines in sera were detected and histopathologically analyzed as indicators of vaccine effects. The results showed that 85% (17/20) of rabbits exhibited no detectable skin lesions of S. scabiei infestation in mixed protein groups compared to single protein groups with 75% (15/20) and 70% (14/20), respectively. Moreover, the deworming rates of mixed groups are increased by 10%-20% compared with that of single groups. Each of six groups immunized with rSsCLP displayed significant increases of specific IgG, total IgE, IL-10, and TNF-α. The degree of skin damage in test groups also significantly lower than that of control groups. Thus, purified rSsCLP5 and rSsCLP12 subunit cocktail vaccine induced robust immune protection and could significantly decrease mite populations to reduce the direct transmission between rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (N.S.); (W.W.); (Y.C.); (L.X.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Wenrui Wei
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (N.S.); (W.W.); (Y.C.); (L.X.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (N.S.); (W.W.); (Y.C.); (L.X.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China;
| | - Lang Xiong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (N.S.); (W.W.); (Y.C.); (L.X.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuanyuan Tao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (N.S.); (W.W.); (Y.C.); (L.X.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (N.S.); (W.W.); (Y.C.); (L.X.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (N.S.); (W.W.); (Y.C.); (L.X.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China;
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, China; (N.S.); (W.W.); (Y.C.); (L.X.); (Y.T.); (X.G.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Ehsan M, Haseeb M, Hu R, Ali H, Memon MA, Yan R, Xu L, Song X, Zhu X, Li X. Tropomyosin: An Excretory/Secretory Protein from Haemonchus contortus Mediates the Immuno-Suppressive Potential of Goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vitro. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010109. [PMID: 32121527 PMCID: PMC7157511 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During host-parasite interactions, binding of excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs) on the host immune cells is considered the fundamental phase for regulation of immune responses. In this study, gene encoding Haemonchus contortus tropomyosin (Hc-TpMy), was successfully cloned and expressed, and the recombinant protein after host cell surface attachment was evaluated for immune functional analysis with goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. The isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-induced recombinant protein was successfully recognized by the sera of rat experimentally infected with rHc-TpMy. The immunofluorescence assay detected attachment of rHc-TpMy on the surface of host PBMCs. Furthermore, immunoregulatory roles of rHc-TpMy on cytokines expression, PBMC proliferation, migration, nitric oxide (NO) production, apoptosis and monocytes phagocytosis were observed. The results showed that expression of IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines, cell proliferation, NO production and PBMC migration were significantly suppressed by goat PBMCs after co-incubation with rHc-TpMy protein. However, the productions of IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-β1 cytokines, PBMCs apoptosis and monocytes phagocytosis were elevated at dose dependent manner. Our findings indicated that rHc-TpMy is an important ES binding protein exhibit distinct immuno-suppressive roles on goat PBMCs which might be a potential molecular target to control haemonchosis in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ehsan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Haseeb
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Ruisi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Haider Ali
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Memon
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Ruofeng Yan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Lixin Xu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaokai Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
| | - Xingquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China; (R.H.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiangrui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; (M.E.); (M.H.); (H.A.); (M.A.M.); (R.Y.); (L.X.); (X.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-9000; Fax: +86-25-8439-9000
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Lastuti NDR, Ma’ruf A, Yuniarti WM. Characterization of mitochondrial COX-1 gene of Sarcoptes scabiei from rabbits in East Java, Indonesia. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:445-450. [PMID: 31819870 PMCID: PMC6882725 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize the mitochondrial COX-1 gene of Sarcoptes scabiei in rabbits from three districts of Malang, Nganjuk, and Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. The gene was aligned with a DNA isolated from S. scabiei of Chong'qing rabbit (accession number: EU256388.1) to construct a molecular analysis of phylogenetic in S. scabiei COX-1 gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study has been verified by the Committee Ethics (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga). The mites were collected and identified from rabbits that have an indication of scabies infection. DNA was extracted with QIAamp DNA mini kit and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was done. The PCR products were purified with the protocol of the BigDye XTerminator™ Purification Kit (Thermo Scientific) and were double-sequenced with the forward and reverse PCR primers of ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer. The sequence product was confirmed with Clone Manager Professional 9 (Sci-Ed Software) and the Neighbor-Joining method was done with MEGA6 to build a phylogenetic tree. RESULTS The target product of DNA amplification in this PCR was around 290-bp. The amplicon was visualized in 2% of agarose gel electrophoresis. The homology analysis of these sequences showed that it had more than 99% similarity. CONCLUSION COX-1 gene sequences of S. scabiei from rabbits in Malang, Nganjuk, and Kediri were very similar to COX-1 gene sequences in S. scabiei acquired from several hosts according to NCBI data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti
- Postgraduate School and Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Anwar Ma’ruf
- Postgraduate School and Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Wiwik Misaco Yuniarti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Lastuti NDR, Rohman A, Handiyatno D, Chrismanto D, Desiandura K. Sequence analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of Sarcoptes scabiei isolated from goats and rabbits in East Java, Indonesia. Vet World 2019; 12:959-964. [PMID: 31528018 PMCID: PMC6702558 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.959-964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to sequence the Cytochrome c oxidase (COX-1) gene sequence from mitochondrial DNA of Sarcoptes scabiei isolated from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits, align it with DNA isolated from Zi'gong rabbit (GenBank accession No. EU256389.1), and produce a phylogenetic analysis of S. scabiei COX-1 gene. Materials and Methods S. scabiei mites were obtained from goats and rabbits, and DNA was extracted using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit. The forward and reverse primer sequences were designed based on the DNA sequence of an S. scabiei COX-1 gene isolated from the Zi'gong rabbit (5'-TCTTAGGGGCTGGATTTAGTATG-3' and 5'-AGTTCCTCTACCAGTTCCAC-3', respectively). To confirm sequencing output, the sequence resulting from the reverse primer was inverted and aligned to the sequence from the forward primer using Clone Manager Professional Version 9 for Windows (Scientific & Educational Software; http://www.scied.com). This alignment was subsequently used to build a phylogenetic tree, using the Neighbor-Joining method, in the MEGA6 program (https://www.megasoftware.net/). Results Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from S. scabiei isolates from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits produced bands of around 290 bp with 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Comparing the DNA sequences of the S. scabiei COX-1 gene with those isolated from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits showed 99% homology. Conclusion PCR products of the S. scabiei COX-1 gene isolated from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits were around 290 bp long. The sequences had more than 99% homology. The sequences of the COX-1 gene of S. scabiei from Lamongan goats and Mojokerto rabbits were relatively close to the sequence of the gene in S. scabiei obtained from various hosts according to National Center for Biotechnology Information data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunuk Dyah Retno Lastuti
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Ali Rohman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Didik Handiyatno
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dony Chrismanto
- Study Program of Animal Health, Faculty of Vocational, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Kurnia Desiandura
- Master Program Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Shen N, Zhang H, Ren Y, He R, Xu J, Li C, Lai W, Gu X, Xie Y, Peng X, Yang G. A chitinase-like protein from Sarcoptes scabiei as a candidate anti-mite vaccine that contributes to immune protection in rabbits. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:599. [PMID: 30454025 PMCID: PMC6245717 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies is caused by Sarcoptes scabiei burrowing into the stratum corneum of the host's skin and is detrimental to the health of humans and animals. Vaccines are an attractive alternative to replace the acaricides currently used in their control. METHODS In the present study, the S. scabiei chitinase-like protein 5 (SsCLP5) was characterized and recombinant SsCLP5 (rSsCLP5) was evaluated as a candidate vaccine protein for anti-mite protection in rabbits. The expression, characterization and immunolocalization of SsCLP5 were examined. Vaccination experiments were performed on three test groups (n = 12 per group) immunized with purified rSsCLP5. Control groups (n = 12 per group) were immunized with PBS, QuilA saponin or empty vector protein. After challenge, the inflammatory reaction and skin lesions were graded and rSsCLP5 indirect ELISA was used to detect antibody IgG levels in serum samples at the time of vaccination and post-challenge. RESULTS The results showed that rSsCLP5 had high immunoreactivity and immunogenicity. In S. scabiei, SsCLP5 had a wide distribution in the chewing mouthpart, legs and exoskeleton, especially the outer layer of the exoskeleton. Vaccination with rSsCLP5 resulted in 74.3% (26/35) of rabbits showing no detectable lesions after challenge with S. scabiei. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that rSsCLP5 is a promising candidate for a recombinant protein-based vaccine against S. scabiei. This study also provides a method for studying scabies vaccine using rabbit as an animal model and a basis for screening more effective candidate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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Manjunathachar HV, Kumar B, Saravanan BC, Choudhary S, Mohanty AK, Nagar G, Chigure G, Ravi Kumar GVPPS, de la Fuente J, Ghosh S. Identification and characterization of vaccine candidates against Hyalomma anatolicum-Vector of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:422-434. [PMID: 30300470 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick borne viral disease reported from different parts of the world. The distribution of the CCHF cases are linked with the distribution of the principal vector, Hyalomma anatolicum in the ecosystem. Presently, vector control is mainly dependent on repeated application of acaricides, results in partial efficacy and generated acaricide resistant tick strains. Amongst the different components of integrated management programme, immunization of hosts is considered as one of the sustainable component. To restrict CCHF virus spreading, use of anti-Hyalomma vaccines appears as a viable solution. Accordingly, present study was under taken to characterize and evaluate vaccine potential of two conserved molecules, ferritin2 (FER2) and tropomyosin (TPM). Silencing of the genes conferred a cumulative reduction (rejection + unable to engorge) of 61.3% in FER2 and 70.2% in TPM respectively. Furthermore, 44.2% and 72.7% reduction in engorgement weight, 63.6% and 94.9% reduction in egg masses in FER2 and TPM silenced ticks in comparison to LUC-control group was recorded. The recombinant protein, rHaFER2 was characterized as 35 kDa protein with pI of 5.84 and possesses iron binding domains. While rHaTPM is a 51kDa protein with pI of 4.94 having calcium binding domains. Immunization of cross-bred calves by rHaFER2 conferred 51.7% and 51.2% protection against larvae and adults of H. anatolicum challenge infestations. While rHaTPM conferred 63.7% and 66.4% protection against larvae and adults infestations, respectively. The results were comparable with the data generated by RNAi and it clearly showed the possibility for the development of anti-hyalomma vaccine to manage CCHF virus and Theileria annulata infection in human and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Binod Kumar
- Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI)-Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | | | - Suman Choudhary
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok K Mohanty
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Gaurav Nagar
- Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI)-Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Gajanan Chigure
- Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI)-Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | | | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Srikant Ghosh
- Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI)-Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Gopinath H, Aishwarya M, Karthikeyan K. Tackling scabies: novel agents for a neglected disease. Int J Dermatol 2018; 57:1293-1298. [PMID: 29663338 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei var hominis, is an obligate ectoparasite of humans. It has been a source of distress for humanity since antiquity. The troublesome mite is emerging triumphant over current acaricidal agents with reports of emerging resistance and treatment failures. Scabies in endemic areas and crusted scabies offer additional management challenges. Exploration of indigenous plants and better understanding of mite biology and pathogenesis provide opportunities for the development of novel agents for this common pest. We review the recent diverse approaches to scabies, including the use of novel plant products with a better safety profile, translating the use of moxidectin from veterinary practice to human scabies, vaccination, immunotherapy, and development of drugs that directly target mite molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima Gopinath
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Manju Aishwarya
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Kaliaperumal Karthikeyan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Pondicherry, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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11
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Xu J, Huang X, Dong X, Ren Y, Wu M, Shen N, Xie Y, Gu X, Lai W, Jing B, Peng X, Yang G. Serodiagnostic Potential of Alpha-Enolase From Sarcoptes scabiei and Its Possible Role in Host-Mite Interactions. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1024. [PMID: 29887838 PMCID: PMC5981165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infestation of the epidermis with the highly contagious ectoparasite, Sarcoptes scabiei, causes scabies, which is characterized by intense itching, pruritus, and secondary infection. This condition affects humans, livestock, and wildlife worldwide, incurring large economic losses and reducing the quality of human life. In the present study, we cloned the alpha-enolase, a key enzyme in the glycolytic and gluconeogenesis pathways, from S. scabiei var. cuniculi, characterized it and produced soluble recombinant enolase protein (rSsc-eno). We determined the localization of Ssc-eno in isolated mites and mites in lesioned skin. The results showed that native enolase was intensely localized in the tegument of the mouthparts, the entire legs, and the whole mites' body, as well as in the gut and reproduction system. Interestingly, we found that native enolase was widely distributed in mites in lesioned skin, with obvious high protein intensity compared with isolated mites. Building on good immunoreactivity, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on rSsc-eno showed 92% sensitivity and 95.8% specificity, compared with other indirect ELISA in this study, rSsc-eno based ELISA is better in detecting scabies in rabbits. Besides, this method can detect S. scabiei infection as early as 1 week post infection. Compared with other detection methods, such as traditional microscopic examination and recently published universal conventional PCR, rSsc-eno ELISA was more effective to detect early infection in rabbits. Additionally, in vitro incubation experiments demonstrated the concentration-dependent acaricidal activity of rabbit anti-rSsc-eno sera against larval mites, suggested its potential as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Maodi Wu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Exploration of Sarcoptes scabiei Antigenic Protein Which Play Roles in Scabies Pathogenesis in Goats and Rabbits. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2018; 13:466-472. [PMID: 30483339 PMCID: PMC6243176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies or mange is an infectious skin disease caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. This skin disease affects various livestock such as goats, sheep, swine, cattle, other animals like dogs, cats, wild animals and also affect human. This research aimed to explore the protein in mites S. scabiei which has antigenic character and play roles in scabies pathogenesis in goats and rabbits. METHODS S.scabiei mites were isolated from goats and rabbits, and characterized using SDS-PAGE. In addition the protein was also analysed using Western Blot assay. The isolation and identification were carried out in 2015 at the Parasitology Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. RESULTS The identification results using SDS-PAGE of mites S. scabiei var. caprae expressed 12 protein bands between 26,7 kDa and 205,8 kDa, continued by Western Blot showed 3 protein bands, after being reacted with blood serum from scabies infected goat, it could be identified antigenic protein with molecule weight 205.8 kDa, 57.3 kDa, and 43 kDa. While protein in mites S. scabiei var. cuniculi identified 9 protein bands between 24 kDa and 75 kDa by SDS-PAGE, and the Western Blot assay identified antigenic protein with molecule weight 62 kDa and 51 kDa. CONCLUSION The antigenic protein of S. scabiei var. caprae and S. scabiei var. cuniculi showed that they are probably involved in the scabies pathogenesis in goats and rabbits.
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Desiandura K, Lastuti NDR, Suwanti LT, Handijatno D. MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF SARCOPTES SCABIEI VAR. CUNICULI FROM SURABAYA AND MALANG REGIONS OF EAST JAVA. INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE 2017. [DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v6i6.5436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a zoonotic skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei mites. As an emerging/re-emerging parasitic disease, scabies represents a significant global threat to both human and animal health. Numerous cases of scabies in Indonesia have been reported, which support research on the prevalence of S. scabiei. However, most such studies have involved conventional morphological studies, with limited molecular diagnostic studies. The purpose of the present study was the genetic characterization of S. scabiei var. cuniculi in domestic rabbits to generate baseline genotypic data. S. scabiei var. cuniculi was isolated and identified from scabies-infected rabbits from the Surabaya and Malang regions of East Java. Molecular identification was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using specific primers targeting the COX1 gene. We performed COX1 PCR using rabbit isolates of S. scabiei from Indonesia. To the best of our knowledge, no such study had been reported previously. This study was performed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Tropical Disease Diagnostic Center Laboratory, Universitas Airlangga. The results with agarose gel electrophoresis revealed a 289 bp PCR product amplified from the DNA of S. scabiei isolates from both Surabaya and Malang in accordance with the expected COX1 amplicon size, that indicated a single band 289 bp in length, demonstrating specific detection of S. scabiei var. cuniculi from Surabaya and Malang using COX1 primers. The results were consistent with the calculated amplicon size based on primer positions within the COX1 locus, with the forward primer spanning nucleotides 61–94, and the reverse primer spanning nucleotides 331–350 ( 350 − 61 = 289 bp). PCR genotyping of the isolates yielded an identical nucleotide length of 289 bp. Further studies are required to sequence the amplified fragments for homology assessment.
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Naz S, Desclozeaux M, Mounsey KE, Chaudhry FR, Walton SF. Characterization of Sarcoptes scabiei Tropomyosin and Paramyosin: Immunoreactive Allergens in Scabies. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:851-860. [PMID: 28722633 PMCID: PMC5590589 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a human skin disease due to the burrowing ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis resulting in intense itching and inflammation and manifesting as a skin allergy. Because of insufficient mite material and lack of in vitro propagation system for antigen preparation, scabies is a challenging disease to develop serological diagnostics. For allergen characterization, full-length S. scabiei tropomyosin (Sar s 10) was cloned, expressed in pET-15b, and assessed for reactivity with IgE antibodies from human sera. IgE binding was observed to Sar s 10 with sera collected from subjects with ordinary scabies, house dust mite (HDM)-positive and naive subjects and a diagnostic sensitivity of < 30% was observed. S. scabiei paramyosin (Sar s 11) was cloned, and expressed in pET-28a in three overlapping fragments designated Sspara1, Sspara2, and Sspara3. IgE and IgG binding was observed to Sspara2 and Sspara3 antigens with sera collected from ordinary scabies, and HDM-positive subjects, but no binding was observed with sera collected from naive subjects. Sspara2 displayed excellent diagnostic potential with 98% sensitivity and 90% specificity observed for IgE binding and 70% sensitivity for IgG. In contrast, the diagnostic sensitivity of Sspara3 was 84% for IgE binding and 40% for IgG binding. In combination, Sspara2 and Sspara3 provided an IgE sensitivity of 94%. This study shows that IgE binding to Sspara2 and Sspara3 is a highly sensitive method for diagnosis of scabies infestation in clinical practice. The developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay helps direct future development of a specific diagnostic tool for scabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Naz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Marion Desclozeaux
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate E. Mounsey
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Farhana Riaz Chaudhry
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Shelley F. Walton
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Shen N, He R, Liang Y, Xu J, He M, Ren Y, Gu X, Lai W, Xie Y, Peng X, Yang G. Expression and characterisation of a Sarcoptes scabiei protein tyrosine kinase as a potential antigen for scabies diagnosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9639. [PMID: 28852108 PMCID: PMC5575040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a disease that harms humans and other animals that is caused by the itch mite Sarcoptes scabiei burrowing into the stratum corneum of the skin. In the early stages of scabies, symptoms are often subclinical and there are no effective diagnostic methods. Herein, we cloned, expressed and characterised an S. scabiei protein tyrosine kinase (SsPTK) and evaluated its diagnostic value as a recombinant antigen in rabbit during the early stages of Sarcoptes infestation. The SsPTK protein is ~30 kDa, lacks a signal peptide, and shares high homology with a PTK from the rabbit ear mite Psoroptes ovis cuniculi. The protein was widely distributed at the front end of mites, particularly in the chewing mouthparts and legs. Indirect ELISA using recombinant SsPTK showed good diagnostic value, with 95.2% (40/42) sensitivity and 94.1% (48/51) specificity for detecting anti-PTK antibody in serum samples from naturally-infested rabbits. More importantly, PTK ELISA could diagnose infection in the early stages (infestation for 1 week) with an accuracy of 100% (24/24). SsPTK therefore shows potential as a sensitive antigen for the early diagnosis of parasitic mite infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Manli He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy, Sichuan Chengdu, 610066, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
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Abstract
The disease scabies is one of the earliest diseases of humans for which the cause was known. It is caused by the mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, that burrows in the epidermis of the skin of humans and many other mammals. This mite was previously known as Acarus scabiei DeGeer, 1778 before the genus Sarcoptes was established (Latreille 1802) and it became S. scabiei. Research during the last 40 years has tremendously increased insight into the mite’s biology, parasite-host interactions, and the mechanisms it uses to evade the host’s defenses. This review highlights some of the major advancements of our knowledge of the mite’s biology, genome, proteome, and immunomodulating abilities all of which provide a basis for control of the disease. Advances toward the development of a diagnostic blood test to detect a scabies infection and a vaccine to protect susceptible populations from becoming infected, or at least limiting the transmission of the disease, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry G Arlian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
| | - Marjorie S Morgan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
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17
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He R, Gu X, Lai W, Peng X, Yang G. Transcriptome-microRNA analysis of Sarcoptes scabiei and host immune response. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177733. [PMID: 28542251 PMCID: PMC5441584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Scabies is a parasitic disease, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, and is considered one of the top 50 epidemic diseases and one the most common human skin disease, worldwide. Allergic dermatitis, including an intense itch, is a common symptom, however diagnosis is difficult and there is currently no effective vaccine. The goal of this study was to examine the immune interaction mechanism of both S. scabiei and infected hosts. mRNA-seq and microRNA-seq were conducted on the S. scabiei mite and on infected and uninfected hosts. We focused on differential expression of unigenes and microRNAs, as well as the real targets of unigenes in enriched immune signaling pathways. S. scabiei enhanced host immune function and decreased metabolism after infection, while the immune response of the host inhibited S. scabiei proliferation and metabolism signaling pathways. Differentially expressed unigenes of S. scabiei were enriched in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The differential expression analysis indicated that microRNAs of S. scabiei and hosts have major roles in regulating immune interactions between parasites and hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
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Wright HW, Bartley K, Huntley JF, Nisbet AJ. Characterisation of tropomyosin and paramyosin as vaccine candidate molecules for the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:544. [PMID: 27733192 PMCID: PMC5059928 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dermanyssus gallinae is the most economically important haematophagous ectoparasite in commercial egg laying flocks worldwide. It infests the hens during the night where it causes irritation leading to restlessness, pecking and in extreme cases anaemia and increased cannibalism. Due to an increase in the occurrence of acaricide-resistant D. gallinae populations, new control strategies are required and vaccination may offer a sustainable alternative to acaricides. In this study, recombinant forms of D. gallinae tropomyosin (Der g 10) and paramyosin (Der g 11) were produced, characterised and tested as vaccine candidate molecules. Methods The D. gallinae paramyosin (Der g 11) coding sequence was characterised and recombinant versions of Der g 11 and D. gallinae tropomyosin (Der g 10) were produced. Hens were immunised with the recombinant proteins and the resulting antibodies were fed to D. gallinae and mite mortality evaluated. Sections of mites were probed with anti- Der g 11 and Der g 10 antibodies to identify the tissue distribution of these protein in D. gallinae. Results The entire coding sequence of Der g 11 was 2,622 bp encoding 874 amino acid residues. Immunohistochemical staining of mite sections revealed that Der g 10 and Der g 11 were located throughout D. gallinae tissues. In phylogenetic analyses of these proteins both clustered with orthologues from tick species rather than with orthologues from astigmatid mites. Antibodies raised in hens against recombinant forms of these proteins significantly increased D. gallinae mortality, by 19 % for Der g 10 (P < 0.001) and by 23 % for Der g 11 (P = 0.009) when fed to the mites using an in vitro feeding device. Conclusions This study has shown that Der g 10 and Der g 11 were located ubiquitously throughout D. gallinae and that antibodies raised against recombinant versions of these proteins can be used to significantly increase D. gallinae mortality in an in vitro feeding assay. When comparing archived data for all recombinant and native proteins assessed as vaccines using this in vitro feeding assay, Der g 10 and Der g 11 ranked highly and performed better than some of the pools of native proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry W Wright
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - John F Huntley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
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Casais R, Granda V, Balseiro A, del Cerro A, Dalton KP, González R, Bravo P, Prieto JM, Montoya M. Vaccination of rabbits with immunodominant antigens from Sarcoptes scabiei induced high levels of humoral responses and pro-inflammatory cytokines but confers limited protection. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:435. [PMID: 27502394 PMCID: PMC4977775 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is an attractive ecological alternative to the use of acaricides for parasite control. However, effective anti-parasite vaccines against sarcoptic mange have not yet been developed. The purpose of this study was first to identify Sarcoptes scabiei immunodominant antigens and second to evaluate them as vaccine candidates in a rabbit/S. scabiei var. cuniculi model. METHODS The S. scabiei Ssλ15 immunodominant antigen was selected by immunoscreening of a S. scabiei var. hominis cDNA. The full-length cDNA was sequenced and cloned into the pGEX vector and the recombinant protein expressed in BL21 (DE3) cells and purified. A vaccination trial was performed consisting of a test group (n = 8) immunised with recAgs (a mix of two recombinant antigens, Ssλ15 and the previously described Ssλ20∆B3) and a control group (n = 8) immunised with PBS. All analyses were performed with R Statistical Environment with α set at 0.050. RESULTS The full-length open reading frame of the 1,821 nt cloned cDNA encodes a 64 kDa polypeptide, the sequence of which had 96 % identity with a hypothetical protein of S. scabiei. Ssλ15 was localised by immunostaining of skin sections in the tegument surrounding the mouthparts and the coxa in the legs of mites. Rabbit immunisation with recAgs induced high levels of specific IgG (P < 0.010) and increased levels of total IgEs. However, no significant clinical protection against S. scabiei challenge was detected. Unexpectedly, the group immunised with the recAgs mix had significantly higher lesion scores (P = 0.050) although lower mean mite densities than those observed in the control group. These results might indicate that the lesions in the recAgs group were due not only to the mites density but also to an exacerbated immunological response after challenge, which is in agreement with the specific high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNFα) detected after challenge in this group. CONCLUSIONS The selected antigens delivered as recombinant proteins had no clinical protective efficacy against S. scabiei infestation although immunisation reduced mite density. However, these results pave the way for future studies on alternative production systems, adjuvants, delivery methods and combinations of antigens in order to manage stimulation of clinical protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casais
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de, Biotecnología Animal, La Olla-Deva, 33394 Asturias, Spain
| | - Victor Granda
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Finca experimental La Mata, Programa de Investigación Forestal (PIF). Área de Cultivos Hortofrutícolas y Forestales, La Mata s/n, 33825 Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana Balseiro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de, Biotecnología Animal, La Olla-Deva, 33394 Asturias, Spain
| | - Ana del Cerro
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de, Biotecnología Animal, La Olla-Deva, 33394 Asturias, Spain
| | - Kevin P. Dalton
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Campus El Cristo, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Roxana González
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de, Biotecnología Animal, La Olla-Deva, 33394 Asturias, Spain
| | - Pablo Bravo
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Campus El Cristo, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- Clinical Research Centre (CRC), Barts Health NHS Trust, 2 Newark Street, Abernethy Building, Whitechapel, London, UK
| | - J. M. Prieto
- Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Centro de, Biotecnología Animal, La Olla-Deva, 33394 Asturias, Spain
| | - Maria Montoya
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
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Fraser TA, Charleston M, Martin A, Polkinghorne A, Carver S. The emergence of sarcoptic mange in Australian wildlife: an unresolved debate. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:316. [PMID: 27255333 PMCID: PMC4890250 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its suspected increase in host range and subsequent global diversification, Sarcoptes scabiei has important implications at a global scale for wildlife conservation and animal and human health. The introduction of this pathogen into new locations and hosts has been shown to produce high morbidity and mortality, a situation observed recently in Australian and North American wildlife. Of the seven native animal species in Australia known to be infested by S. scabiei, the bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus) suffers the greatest with significant population declines having been observed in New South Wales and Tasmania. The origins of sarcoptic mange in Australian native animals are poorly understood, with the most consistent conclusion being that mange was introduced by settlers and their dogs and subsequently becoming a major burden to native wildlife. Four studies exist addressing the origins of mange in Australia, but all Australian S. scabiei samples derive from only two of these studies. This review highlights this paucity of phylogenetic knowledge of S. scabiei within Australia, and suggests further research is needed to confidently determine the origin, or multiple origins, of this parasite. At the global scale, numerous genetic studies have attempted to reveal how the host species and host geographic location influence S. scabiei phylogenetics. This review includes an analysis of the global literature, revealing that inconsistent use of gene loci across studies significantly influences phylogenetic inference. Furthermore, by performing a contemporary analytical approach on existing data, it is apparent that (i) new S. scabiei samples, (ii) appropriate gene loci targets, and (iii) advanced phylogenetic approaches are necessary to more confidently comprehend the origins of mange in Australia. Advancing this field of research will aid in understanding the mechanisms of spillover for mange and other parasites globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamieka A Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, TAS, Australia. .,Centre for Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 91 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, QLD, Australia.
| | - Michael Charleston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, TAS, Australia.,School of Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alynn Martin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, TAS, Australia
| | - Adam Polkinghorne
- Centre for Animal Health Innovation, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, 91 Sippy Downs Drive, Sippy Downs, 4556, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott Carver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, TAS, Australia
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Ranjbar MM, Gupta SK, Ghorban K, Nabian S, Sazmand A, Taheri M, Esfandyari S, Taheri M. Designing and Modeling of Complex DNA Vaccine Based on Tropomyosin Protein of Boophilus Genus Tick. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:323-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fischer K, Walton S. Parasitic mites of medical and veterinary importance--is there a common research agenda? Int J Parasitol 2014; 44:955-67. [PMID: 25218570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There are an estimated 0.5-1 million mite species on earth. Among the many mites that are known to affect humans and animals, only a subset are parasitic but these can cause significant disease. We aim here to provide an overview of the most recent work in this field in order to identify common biological features of these parasites and to inform common strategies for future research. There is a critical need for diagnostic tools to allow for better surveillance and for drugs tailored specifically to the respective parasites. Multi-'omics' approaches represent a logical and timely strategy to identify the appropriate mite molecules. Recent advances in sequencing technology enable us to generate de novo genome sequence data, even from limited DNA resources. Consequently, the field of mite genomics has recently emerged and will now rapidly expand, which is a particular advantage for parasitic mites that cannot be cultured in vitro. Investigations of the microbiota associated with mites will elucidate the link between parasites and pathogens, and define the role of the mite in transmission and pathogenesis. The databases generated will provide the crucial knowledge essential to design novel diagnostic tools, control measures, prophylaxes, drugs and immunotherapies against the mites and associated secondary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Fischer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Infectious Diseases Program, Biology Department, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Shelley Walton
- Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.
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24
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Abstract
Scabies is an infectious disease that is endemic in poorly resourced communities, and also common in industrialized countries. Although the disease, which is caused by infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei, is generally mild, the need for a vaccine against S. scabiei is proposed. The immunological mechanisms that control S. scabiei infection are discussed and the current status of scabies vaccine development reviewed. Future directions for scabies vaccine development are also addressed.
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25
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26
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Zheng W, Tang Q, Zhang R, Jise Q, Ren Y, Nong X, Wu X, Gu X, Wang S, Peng X, Lai S, Yang G. Vaccination with recombinant actin from scab mites and evaluation of its protective efficacy againstPsoroptes cuniculiinfection. Parasite Immunol 2013; 35:91-8. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Zheng
- Department of Parasitology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - Q. Tang
- Department of Parasitology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - R. Zhang
- Department of Parasitology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - Q. Jise
- Department of Parasitology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - Y. Ren
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Husbandry Sciences; Chengdu; China
| | - X. Nong
- Department of Parasitology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - X. Wu
- Department of Parasitology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - X. Gu
- Department of Parasitology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - S. Wang
- Department of Parasitology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - X. Peng
- Department of Chemistry; College of Life and Basic Science; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - S. Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
| | - G. Yang
- Department of Parasitology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Sichuan Agricultural University; Ya'an; China
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