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Machín C, Corripio-Miyar Y, Hernández JN, Pérez-Hernández T, Hayward AD, Wright HW, Price DRG, Matthews JB, McNeilly TN, Nisbet AJ, González JF. Cellular and humoral immune responses associated with protection in sheep vaccinated against Teladorsagia circumcincta. Vet Res 2021; 52:89. [PMID: 34134748 PMCID: PMC8207578 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increased anthelmintic resistance, complementary methods to drugs are necessary to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Vaccines are an environmentally-friendly and promising option. In a previous study, a Teladorsagia circumcincta recombinant sub-unit vaccine was administered to two sheep breeds with different levels of resistance against GIN. In the susceptible Canaria Sheep (CS) breed, vaccinates harboured smaller worms with fewer eggs in utero than the control group. Here, we extend this work, by investigating the cellular and humoral immune responses of these two sheep breeds following vaccination and experimental infection with T. circumcincta. In the vaccinated CS group, negative associations between antigen-specific IgA, IgG2 and Globule Leukocytes (GLs) with several parasitological parameters were established as well as a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio than in control CS animals, suggesting a key role in the protection induced by the vaccine. In the more resistant Canaria Hair Breed (CHB) sheep the vaccine did not significantly impact on the parasitological parameters studied and none of these humoral associations were observed in vaccinated CHB lambs, although CHB had higher proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within the abomasal lymph nodes, suggesting higher mucosal T cell activation. Each of the component proteins in the vaccine induced an increase in immunoglobulin levels in vaccinated groups of each breed. However, levels of immunoglobulins to only three of the antigens (Tci-MEP-1, Tci-SAA-1, Tci-ASP-1) were negatively correlated with parasitological parameters in the CS breed and they may be, at least partially, responsible for the protective effect of the vaccine in this breed. These data could be useful for improving the current vaccine prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Machín
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | | | - Julia N Hernández
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain.
| | - Tara Pérez-Hernández
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge F González
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Universitario Sanidad Animal y Seguridad Alimentaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Spain
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Nunn F, Bartley K, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Innocent GT, Turnbull F, Wright HW, Nisbet AJ. A novel, high-welfare methodology for evaluating poultry red mite interventions in vivo. Vet Parasitol 2019; 267:42-46. [PMID: 30878084 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Optimisation and use of a device for the on-hen in vivo feeding of all hematophagous stages of Dermanyssus gallinae is described. The sealed mesh device contains the mites and is applied to the skin of the hen's thigh where mites can feed on the bird through a mesh which has apertures large enough to allow the mites' mouth-parts to access to the bird but small enough to contain the mites. By optimising the depth and width of the mesh aperture size we have produced a device which will lead to both reduction and refinement in the use of animals in research, allowing the pre-screening of new vaccines and systemic acaricides/insecticides which have been developed for the control of these blood-feeding parasites before progressing to large field trials. For optimal use, the device should be constructed from 105 μm aperture width, 63 μm depth, polyester mesh and the mites (irrespective of life stage) should be conditioned with no access to food for 3 weeks at 4 °C for optimal feeding and post-feeding survival.
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Kaab H, Bain MM, Bartley K, Turnbull F, Wright HW, Nisbet AJ, Birchmore R, Eckersall PD. Serum and acute phase protein changes in laying hens, infested with poultry red mite. Poult Sci 2019; 98:679-687. [PMID: 30239853 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The poultry red mite (PRM) is one of the most economically important ectoparasites of laying hens globally. This mite can have significant deleterious effects on its fowl host including distress, anemia, reduced egg production, and reduced egg quality. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of PRM on the serum protein profile in laying hens and its effect on the acute phase proteins (APPs) to assess their potential as biomarkers for mite infestation. Three APPs: alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), serum amyloid-A (SAA), and ceruloplasmin (CP) were measured in serum samples collected from laying hens at 12 and 17 wk of age, and then for up to 4 mo after a challenge with PRM (starting at 18.5 wk of age). The serum protein profile (SDS-PAGE/nanoflow HPLC electrospray tandem mass spectrometry) and concentration of individual serum proteins (SDS-PAGE-band densitometry) were also compared. Post challenge there was a positive correlation (r = 0.489; P < 0.004) between the levels of SAA and the PRM numbers. The levels of SAA steadily increased after the PRM challenge and were significantly different than the pre-challenge levels at 28, 32, and 36 wk of age (P < 0.01). The PRM numbers also peaked around 31-33 wk of age. The results for AGP and CP in comparison were inconsistent. Proteomics revealed the presence of 2 high molecular weight proteins in the serum between 12 and 17 wk of age. These were identified as Apolipoprotein-B and Vitellogenin-2, and their increase was commensurate with the onset of lay. No other major differences were detected in the protein profiles of blood sera collected pre and post challenge. We conclude that SAA could be used as a useful biomarker to monitor PRM infestation in commercial poultry flocks and that PRM infestation does not disrupt the production of the major proteins in the serum that are associated with egg formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Kaab
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK G12 8QQ
| | - Maureen M Bain
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK G12 8QQ
| | - Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK EH26 0PZ
| | - Frank Turnbull
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK EH26 0PZ
| | - Harry W Wright
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK EH26 0PZ
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh, UK EH26 0PZ
| | - Richard Birchmore
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK G61 1QH
| | - P David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK G12 8QQ
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Marr EJ, Wright HW, Sargison ND, Nisbet AJ, Burgess STG. Gene silencing by RNA interference in the ectoparasitic mite, Psoroptes ovis. Vet Res 2018; 49:112. [PMID: 30382906 PMCID: PMC6211577 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of components of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway in Psoroptes ovis, an ectoparasitic mite responsible for psoroptic mange, was investigated through interrogation of the P. ovis genome. Homologues of transcripts representing critical elements for achieving effective RNAi in the mite, Tetranychus urticae and the model organisms Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster were identified and, following the development of a non-invasive immersion method of double stranded RNA delivery, gene silencing by RNAi was successfully demonstrated in P. ovis. Significant reductions in transcript levels were achieved for three target genes which encode the Group 2 allergen (Pso o 2), mu-class glutathione S-transferase (PoGST-mu1) and beta-tubulin (Poβtub). This is the first demonstration of RNAi in P. ovis and provides a mechanism for mining transcriptomic and genomic datasets for novel control targets against this economically important ectoparasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Marr
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.,Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, The King's Buildings, Ashworth Laboratories, Charlotte Auerbach Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FL, Scotland, UK
| | - Harry W Wright
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil D Sargison
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, Scotland, UK
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Stewart T G Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
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Bartley K, Turnbull F, Wright HW, Huntley JF, Palarea-Albaladejo J, Nath M, Nisbet AJ. Field evaluation of poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) native and recombinant prototype vaccines. Vet Parasitol 2017; 244:25-34. [PMID: 28917313 PMCID: PMC5613835 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Field trial testing of a native and recombinant poultry red mite vaccines. Vaccination with a soluble mite extract (SME) resulted in a 78% reduction in mite numbers. Poor antibody persistence may relate to lack of effect of a recombinant cocktail vaccine. A semi-protective naturally acquired immunity may develop.
Vaccination is a desirable emerging strategy to combat poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae. We performed trials, in laying hens in a commercial-style cage facility, to test the vaccine efficacy of a native preparation of soluble mite extract (SME) and of a recombinant antigen cocktail vaccine containing bacterially-expressed versions of the immunogenic SME proteins Deg-SRP-1, Deg-VIT-1 and Deg-PUF-1. Hens (n = 384 per group) were injected with either vaccine or adjuvant only (control group) at 12 and 17 weeks of age and then challenged with PRM 10 days later. PRM counts were monitored and, at the termination of the challenge period (17 weeks post challenge), average PRM counts in cages containing birds vaccinated with SME were reduced by 78% (p < 0.001), compared with those in the adjuvant-only control group. When the trial was repeated using the recombinant antigen cocktail vaccine, no statistically significant differences in mean PRM numbers were observed in cages containing vaccinated or adjuvant-only immunised birds. The roles of antigen-specific antibody levels and duration in providing vaccine-induced and exposure-related protective immunity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Frank Turnbull
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Harry W Wright
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - John F Huntley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Javier Palarea-Albaladejo
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Mintu Nath
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
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Wright HW, Bartley K, Huntley JF, Nisbet AJ. Characterisation of tropomyosin and paramyosin as vaccine candidate molecules for the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:544. [PMID: 27733192 PMCID: PMC5059928 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dermanyssus gallinae is the most economically important haematophagous ectoparasite in commercial egg laying flocks worldwide. It infests the hens during the night where it causes irritation leading to restlessness, pecking and in extreme cases anaemia and increased cannibalism. Due to an increase in the occurrence of acaricide-resistant D. gallinae populations, new control strategies are required and vaccination may offer a sustainable alternative to acaricides. In this study, recombinant forms of D. gallinae tropomyosin (Der g 10) and paramyosin (Der g 11) were produced, characterised and tested as vaccine candidate molecules. Methods The D. gallinae paramyosin (Der g 11) coding sequence was characterised and recombinant versions of Der g 11 and D. gallinae tropomyosin (Der g 10) were produced. Hens were immunised with the recombinant proteins and the resulting antibodies were fed to D. gallinae and mite mortality evaluated. Sections of mites were probed with anti- Der g 11 and Der g 10 antibodies to identify the tissue distribution of these protein in D. gallinae. Results The entire coding sequence of Der g 11 was 2,622 bp encoding 874 amino acid residues. Immunohistochemical staining of mite sections revealed that Der g 10 and Der g 11 were located throughout D. gallinae tissues. In phylogenetic analyses of these proteins both clustered with orthologues from tick species rather than with orthologues from astigmatid mites. Antibodies raised in hens against recombinant forms of these proteins significantly increased D. gallinae mortality, by 19 % for Der g 10 (P < 0.001) and by 23 % for Der g 11 (P = 0.009) when fed to the mites using an in vitro feeding device. Conclusions This study has shown that Der g 10 and Der g 11 were located ubiquitously throughout D. gallinae and that antibodies raised against recombinant versions of these proteins can be used to significantly increase D. gallinae mortality in an in vitro feeding assay. When comparing archived data for all recombinant and native proteins assessed as vaccines using this in vitro feeding assay, Der g 10 and Der g 11 ranked highly and performed better than some of the pools of native proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry W Wright
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - John F Huntley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK
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Bartley K, Wright HW, Huntley JF, Manson EDT, Inglis NF, McLean K, Nath M, Bartley Y, Nisbet AJ. Identification and evaluation of vaccine candidate antigens from the poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae). Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:819-30. [PMID: 26296690 PMCID: PMC4655837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ten poultry red mite vaccine candidate antigens were identified and recombinant versions produced. Mite mortality was monitored after feeding on the blood from vaccinated hens. A ⩾1.6-fold increased risk of mite death was observed with four of the vaccine candidates (P < 0.001). Best candidates include: a serpin, vitellogenin, hemelipoglycoprotein and a novel protein.
An aqueous extract of the haematophagous poultry ectoparasite, Dermanyssus gallinae, was subfractionated using anion exchange chromatography. Six of these subfractions were used to immunise hens and the blood from these hens was fed, in vitro, to poultry red mites. Mite mortality following these feeds was indicative of protective antigens in two of the subfractions, with the risks of mites dying being 3.1 and 3.7 times higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). A combination of two-dimensional immunoblotting and immunoaffinity chromatography, using IgY from hens immunised with these subfractions, was used in concert with proteomic analyses to identify the strongest immunogenic proteins in each of these subfractions. Ten of the immunoreactive proteins were selected for assessment as vaccine candidates using the following criteria: intensity of immune recognition; likelihood of exposure of the antigen to the antibodies in a blood meal; proposed function and known vaccine potential of orthologous molecules. Recombinant versions of each of these 10 proteins were produced in Escherichia coli and were used to immunise hens. Subsequent in vitro feeding of mites on blood from these birds indicated that immunisation with Deg-SRP-1 (serpin), Deg-VIT-1 (vitellogenin), Deg-HGP-1 (hemelipoglycoprotein) or Deg-PUF-1 (a protein of unknown function) resulted in significantly increased risk of mite death (1.7–2.8 times higher than in mites fed blood from control hens immunised with adjuvant only, P < 0.001). The potential for using these antigens in a recombinant vaccine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Harry W Wright
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - John F Huntley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Erin D T Manson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil F Inglis
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin McLean
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mintu Nath
- Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland (BioSS), The King's Buildings, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom
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Bartley K, Wright HW, Bull RS, Huntley JF, Nisbet AJ. Characterisation of Dermanyssus gallinae glutathione S-transferases and their potential as acaricide detoxification proteins. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:350. [PMID: 26112960 PMCID: PMC4491418 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) facilitate detoxification of drugs by catalysing the conjugation of the reduced glutathione (GSH) to electrophilic xenobiotic substrates and therefore have a function in multi-drug resistance. As a result, knowledge of GSTs can inform both drug resistance in, and novel interventions for, the control of endo- and ectoparasite species. Acaricide resistance and the need for novel control methods are both pressing needs for Dermanyssus gallinae, a highly economically important haematophagous ectoparasite of poultry. METHODS A transcriptomic database representing D. gallinae was examined and 11 contig sequences were identified with GST BlastX identities. The transcripts represented by 3 contigs, designated Deg-GST-1, -2 and -3, were fully sequenced and further characterized by phylogenetic analysis. Recombinant versions of Deg-GST-1, -2 and -3 (rDeg-GST) were enzymically active and acaricide-binding properties of the rDeg-GSTs were established by evaluating the ability of selected acaricides to inhibit the enzymatic activity of rDeg-GSTs. RESULTS 6 of the identified GSTs belonged to the mu class, followed by 3 kappa, 1 omega and 1 delta class molecules. Deg-GST-1 and -3 clearly partitioned with orthologous mu class GSTs and Deg-GST-2 partitioned with delta class GSTs. Phoxim, permethrin and abamectin significantly inhibited rDeg-GST-1 activity by 56, 35 and 17% respectively. Phoxim also inhibited rDeg-2-GST (14.8%) and rDeg-GST-3 (20.6%) activities. CONCLUSIONS Deg-GSTs may have important roles in the detoxification of pesticides and, with the increased occurrence of acaricide resistance in this species worldwide, Deg-GSTs are attractive targets for novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, International Research Centre, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Harry W Wright
- Moredun Research Institute, International Research Centre, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Robert S Bull
- Moredun Research Institute, International Research Centre, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - John F Huntley
- Moredun Research Institute, International Research Centre, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Alasdair J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, International Research Centre, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK.
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Wright HW, Bartley K, Nisbet AJ, McDevitt RM, Sparks NHC, Brocklehurst S, Huntley JF. The testing of antibodies raised against poultry red mite antigens in an in vitro feeding assay; preliminary screen for vaccine candidates. Exp Appl Acarol 2009; 48:81-91. [PMID: 19184466 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-009-9243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer), the poultry red mite, is a blood-feeding ectoparasite that infests many bird species. We have used an in vitro feeding assay to allow the identification of protective D. gallinae antigens that may have potential as vaccine candidates. Homogenised mites were extracted sequentially with PBS, Tween 20, Triton X100 and urea giving four protein fractions. Five experimental groups of Lohmann Brown hens were used to generate antibodies; four groups were injected with one of each of the protein fractions in QuilA adjuvant and a control group was injected with adjuvant only. Booster injections were administered 2 and 4 weeks after initial immunisation. Eggs were collected throughout the experiment and soluble IgY antibodies were extracted from a pool of egg yolks collected at week six post-injection. Western blots, performed using post vaccination antibodies from test and control groups, revealed a strong antibody response against a range of injected proteins. Fresh chicken blood, supplemented with antibodies raised against these protein fractions, was fed to mites in an in vitro feeding assay in order to determine whether the antibodies had an anti-mite effect. Although there was variability in the numbers of feeding mites, it was found that the strongest anti-mite effect was seen with the PBS protein fraction, which had a cumulative average mortality of 34.8% 14 days after feeding compared with 27.3% for the control group (P = 0.043).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry W Wright
- Parasitology Division, Moredun Research Institute, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK.
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Bartley K, Nisbet AJ, Offer JE, Sparks NHC, Wright HW, Huntley JF. Histamine release factor from Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer): characterization and in vitro assessment as a protective antigen. Int J Parasitol 2008; 39:447-56. [PMID: 18938170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A cDNA encoding a 174-amino-acid orthologue of a tick histamine release factor (HRF) was identified from the haematophagous poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. The predicted D. gallinae HRF protein (Dg-HRF-1) sequence is highly conserved with the tick HRFs (identity 52-54%) and to a lesser degree with translationally controlled tumour proteins (TCTP) from mammals and other invertebrates (range 38-47%). Phylogenetically, Dg-HRF-1 partitions with the tick HRF clade suggesting a shared linage and potentially similar function(s). A recombinant Dg-HRF-1 protein (rDg-HRF-1) was produced and shown to induce degranulation of rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro, confirming conservation of the histamine-releasing function in D. gallinae. Polyclonal antibodies were generated in rabbits and hens to rDg-HRF-1. Western blotting demonstrated that native Dg-HRF is a soluble protein and immunohistochemical staining of mite sections revealed that the distribution of Dg-HRF, although ubiquitous, is more common in mite reproductive, digestive and synganglion tissues. A survey of hens housed continuously in a mite-infested commercial poultry unit failed to identify IgY specific for recombinant or native Dg-HRF, indicating that Dg-HRF is not exposed to the host during infestation/feeding and may therefore have potential as a vaccine using the concealed antigen approach. To test the protective capability of rDg-HRF-1, fresh heparinised chicken blood was enriched with yolk-derived anti-Dg-HRF IgY antibodies and fed to semi-starved mites using an in vitro feeding system. A statistically significant increase in mortality was shown (P=0.004) in mites fed with anti-Dg-HRF IgY after just one blood meal. The work presented here demonstrates, to our knowledge for the first time, the feasibility of vaccinating hens with recombinant D. gallinae antigens to control mite infestation and the potential of rDg-HRF-1 as a vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland, UK.
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Nisbet AJ, MacKellar A, Wright HW, Brennan GP, Chua KY, Cheong N, Thomas JE, Huntley JF. Molecular characterization, expression and localization of tropomyosin and paramyosin immunodominant allergens from sheep scab mites (Psoroptes ovis). Parasitology 2006; 133:515-23. [PMID: 16817997 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182006000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
cDNAs encoding the immunodominant allergens tropomyosin and paramyosin were amplified from RNA extracted from the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis. The tropomyosin cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 852 bp which encoded a predicted protein with 98% and 97% identity to the house dust mite allergens Der f 10 and Der p 10 respectively. The complete paramyosin ORF generated by RT-PCR was 2625 bp in length and encoded an 875aa predicted protein of 102.6 kDa with 97%, 95% and 89% identity to the paramyosins of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p 11), Sarcoptes scabiei and Blomia tropicalis (Blo t 11) respectively. Full length tropomyosin and truncated and full-length paramyosin were expressed as recombinant proteins. IgG and IgE in sera from sheep with a 6-week duration primary infestation of P. ovis did not detect either full-length or truncated recombinant paramyosin. IgG in both infested and naïve sheep sera detected recombinant tropomyosin, suggesting cross-reactivity to tropomyosin and to other invertebrate species to which the sheep may have been exposed. Staining with antibodies directed against tropomyosin and paramyosin was observed throughout sections of P. ovis. Staining was especially prevalent in the anterior sections of the mites, possibly associated with locomotory muscles in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Nisbet
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, Scotland.
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Wright HW. Subcapsular Fibroma of the Kidney. Proc R Soc Med 1941; 34:386. [PMID: 19992341 PMCID: PMC1998240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Wright HW. Tuberculosis in an Enlarged Prostate. Proc R Soc Med 1941; 34:386-387. [PMID: 19992343 PMCID: PMC1998241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Wright HW. Specimen of Carcinoma of the Urethra. Proc R Soc Med 1933; 26:481. [PMID: 19989157 PMCID: PMC2204494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Wright HW. An Abdomino-thoracic Incision for the Exposure of the Kidney. Proc R Soc Med 1933; 26:482-483. [PMID: 19989160 PMCID: PMC2204542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Wright HW. Hypernephroma of the Left Kidney. Proc R Soc Med 1933; 26:481-482. [PMID: 19989156 PMCID: PMC2204561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Wright HW. Adenoma of the Kidney giving rise to a large Hæmorrhage. Proc R Soc Med 1931; 24:471. [PMID: 20912369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Wright HW. Adenoma of the Kidney giving rise to a large Hæmorrhage. Proc R Soc Med 1931; 24:471. [PMID: 19987972 PMCID: PMC2182749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Wright HW. THE INFERIORITY COMPLEX AND ITS PSYCHIATRIC SIGNIFICANCE. Cal West Med 1925; 23:867-869. [PMID: 18739693 PMCID: PMC1654798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Wright HW. THE PSYCHOSES OF PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERAL STATE. Cal State J Med 1923; 21:170-173. [PMID: 18738977 PMCID: PMC1517561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Wright HW. MISCELLANEOUS: ADDITIONS TO EXTENSION LECTURES. Cal State J Med 1922; 20:111. [PMID: 18738684 PMCID: PMC1517267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Wright HW. THE SERVICE OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY TO INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE. Cal State J Med 1921; 19:464-468. [PMID: 18738617 PMCID: PMC1517098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Wright HW. REMOTE EFFECTS OF BRAIN TRAUMA: SYMPTOMS, COURSE AND PROGNOSIS. Cal State J Med 1917; 15:462-464. [PMID: 18737456 PMCID: PMC1593194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Wright HW. A CONSIDERATION OF SOME NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN. Cal State J Med 1916; 14:243-246. [PMID: 18737002 PMCID: PMC1642245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Wright HW. THE NEED OF PSYCHOPATHIC HOSPITALS IN LARGE CITIES: With Illustrative Cases. Cal State J Med 1916; 14:17-20. [PMID: 18736830 PMCID: PMC1642004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Wright HW. Functional Defects of the Thyroid in Relation to Neurotic Conditions. Cal State J Med 1915; 13:184-185. [PMID: 18736592 PMCID: PMC1641567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Wright HW. The Function of the General Practitioner in Relation to the Study and Prevention of Nervous and Mental Diseases. Cal State J Med 1914; 12:417-421. [PMID: 18736396 PMCID: PMC1641269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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Wright HW. The Intimate Relation of Orthopedic Surgery to Neurology. Cal State J Med 1914; 12:359-361. [PMID: 18736364 PMCID: PMC1641216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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