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Hepp C, Shiaelis N, Robb NC, Vaughan A, Matthews PC, Stoesser N, Crook D, Kapanidis AN. Viral detection and identification in 20 min by rapid single-particle fluorescence in-situ hybridization of viral RNA. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19579. [PMID: 34599242 PMCID: PMC8486776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing risk from viral outbreaks such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates the need for rapid, affordable and sensitive methods for virus detection, identification and quantification; however, existing methods for detecting virus particles in biological samples usually depend on multistep protocols that take considerable time to yield a result. Here, we introduce a rapid fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) protocol capable of detecting influenza virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus and SARS-CoV-2 specifically and quantitatively in approximately 20 min, in virus cultures, combined nasal and throat swabs with added virus and likely patient samples without previous purification. This fast and facile workflow can be adapted both as a lab technique and a future diagnostic tool in enveloped viruses with an accessible genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christof Hepp
- Biological Physics Research Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
| | - Nicolas Shiaelis
- Biological Physics Research Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Nicole C Robb
- Biological Physics Research Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Alison Vaughan
- Nuffield Department for Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Nicole Stoesser
- Nuffield Department for Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford in Partnership With Public Health England, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Crook
- Nuffield Department for Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford in Partnership With Public Health England, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Achillefs N Kapanidis
- Biological Physics Research Group, Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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2
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Facile Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots from Palm Kernel Shell Precursor. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11041630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a nanomaterial synthesized from organic precursors rich in carbon content with excellent fluorescent property, are in high demand for many purposes, including sensing and biosensing applications. This research focused on preparing CDs from natural and abundant waste, palm kernel shells (PKS) obtained from palm oil biomass, aiming for sensing and biosensing applications. Ethylenediamine and L-phenylalanine doped CDs were produced via the hydrothermal and solvothermal methods using one-pot synthesis techniques in an autoclave batch reactor. The as-prepared N-CDs shows excellent photoluminescence (PL) property and a quantum yield (QY) of 13.7% for ethylenediamine (EDA) doped N-CDs (CDs-EDA) and 8.6% for L-phenylalanine (L-Ph) doped N-CDs (CDs-LPh) with an excitation/emission wavelength of 360 nm/450 nm. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the N-CDs have an average particle size of 2 nm for both CDs. UV-Visible spectrophotometric results showed C=C and C=O transition. FTIR results show and confirm the presence of functional groups, such as -OH, -C=O, -NH2 on the N-CDs, and the X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the N-CDs were crystalline, depicted with sharp peaks. This research work demonstrated that palm kernel shell biomass often thrown away as waste can produce CDs with excellent physicochemical properties.
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3
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The Genetic Basis for Salivary Gland Barriers to Arboviral Transmission. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12010073. [PMID: 33467430 PMCID: PMC7830681 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) infect mosquito salivary glands and then escape to saliva prior to virus transmission. Arbovirus transmission from mosquitoes can be modulated by salivary gland infection barriers (SGIBs) and salivary gland escape barriers (SGEBs). We determined the influence of SGIBs and SGEBs by estimating the quantitative genetic contributions of Aedes aegypti half-sib families (Mapastepec, Mexico) infected with three dengue 2 (DENV2), two chikungunya (CHIKV), and two Zika (ZIKV) genotypes. We determined virus titer per salivary gland and saliva at seven days post-infection and virus prevalence in the half-sib population. CHIKV or ZIKV genotypes did not present SGIB, whereas DENV2 genotypes showed low rates of SGIB. However, virus titer and prevalence due to additive genetic factors in the half-sib family displayed a significant narrow-sense heritability (h2) for SGIB in two of the three DENV2 genotypes and one CHIKV and one ZIKV genotype. SGEBs were detected in all seven virus strains: 60-88% of DENV2 and 48-62% of CHIKV or ZIKV genotype infections. SGEB h2 was significant for all CHIKV or ZIKV genotypes but not for any of the DENV2 genotypes. SGIBs and SGEBs exhibited classical gene-by-gene interaction dynamics and are influenced by genetic factors in the mosquito and the virus.
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Kumar A, Srivastava P, Sirisena P, Dubey SK, Kumar R, Shrinet J, Sunil S. Mosquito Innate Immunity. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9030095. [PMID: 30096752 PMCID: PMC6165528 DOI: 10.3390/insects9030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes live under the endless threat of infections from different kinds of pathogens such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses. The mosquito defends itself by employing both physical and physiological barriers that resist the entry of the pathogen and the subsequent establishment of the pathogen within the mosquito. However, if the pathogen does gain entry into the insect, the insect mounts a vigorous innate cellular and humoral immune response against the pathogen, thereby limiting the pathogen's propagation to nonpathogenic levels. This happens through three major mechanisms: phagocytosis, melanization, and lysis. During these processes, various signaling pathways that engage intense mosquito⁻pathogen interactions are activated. A critical overview of the mosquito immune system and latest information about the interaction between mosquitoes and pathogens are provided in this review. The conserved, innate immune pathways and specific anti-pathogenic strategies in mosquito midgut, hemolymph, salivary gland, and neural tissues for the control of pathogen propagation are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Priyanshu Srivastava
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Pdnn Sirisena
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Jatin Shrinet
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi-110067, India.
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi-110067, India.
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5
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Dengue virus replicates and accumulates in Aedes aegypti salivary glands. Virology 2017; 507:75-81. [PMID: 28431281 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an RNA virus transmitted among humans by mosquito vectors, mainly Aedes aegypti. DENV transmission requires viral dissemination from the mosquito midgut to the salivary glands. During this process the virus undergoes several population bottlenecks, which are stochastic reductions in population size that restrict intra-host viral genetic diversity and limit the efficiency of natural selection. Despite the implications for virus transmission and evolution, DENV replication in salivary glands has not been directly demonstrated. Here, we used a strand-specific quantitative RT-PCR assay to demonstrate that negative-strand DENV RNA is produced in Ae. aegypti salivary glands, providing conclusive evidence that viral replication occurs in this tissue. Furthermore, we showed that the concentration of DENV genomic RNA in salivary glands increases significantly over time, indicating that active replication likely replenishes DENV genetic diversity prior to transmission. These findings improve our understanding of the biological determinants of DENV fitness and evolution.
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Kuleš J, Potocnakova L, Bhide K, Tomassone L, Fuehrer HP, Horvatić A, Galan A, Guillemin N, Nižić P, Mrljak V, Bhide M. The Challenges and Advances in Diagnosis of Vector-Borne Diseases: Where Do We Stand? Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 17:285-296. [PMID: 28346867 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases (VBD) are of major importance to human and animal health. In recent years, VBD have been emerging or re-emerging in many geographical areas, alarming new disease threats and economic losses. The precise diagnosis of many of these diseases still remains a major challenge because of the lack of comprehensive data available on accurate and reliable diagnostic methods. Here, we conducted a systematic and in-depth review of the former, current, and upcoming techniques employed for the diagnosis of VBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Kuleš
- 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lenka Potocnakova
- 2 Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology of University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Bhide
- 2 Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology of University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Laura Tomassone
- 3 Department of Veterinary Science, University of Torino , Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- 4 Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna, Austria
| | - Anita Horvatić
- 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Asier Galan
- 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nicolas Guillemin
- 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Nižić
- 5 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Internal Diseases Clinic, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- 5 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Internal Diseases Clinic, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- 1 ERA Chair Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb , Zagreb, Croatia .,2 Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology of University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy , Kosice, Slovakia .,6 Institute of Neuroimmunology , Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Frickmann H, Zautner AE, Moter A, Kikhney J, Hagen RM, Stender H, Poppert S. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the microbiological diagnostic routine laboratory: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:263-293. [PMID: 28129707 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2016.1169990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of microbial pathogens is essential for rational and conservative antibiotic use especially in the case of known regional resistance patterns. Here, we describe fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) as one of the rapid methods for easy identification of microbial pathogens, and its advantages and disadvantages for the diagnosis of pathogens in human infections in the laboratory diagnostic routine. Binding of short fluorescence-labeled DNA or nucleic acid-mimicking PNA probes to ribosomes of infectious agents with consecutive analysis by fluorescence microscopy allows identification of bacterial and eukaryotic pathogens at genus or species level. FISH analysis leads to immediate differentiation of infectious agents without delay due to the need for microbial culture. As a microscopic technique, FISH has the unique potential to provide information about spatial resolution, morphology and identification of key pathogens in mixed species samples. On-going automation and commercialization of the FISH procedure has led to significant shortening of the time-to-result and increased test reliability. FISH is a useful tool for the rapid initial identification of microbial pathogens, even from primary materials. Among the rapidly developing alternative techniques, FISH serves as a bridging technology between microscopy, microbial culture, biochemical identification and molecular diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagen Frickmann
- a German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute , Hamburg , Germany
| | - Andreas Erich Zautner
- b Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- c University Medical Center Berlin, Biofilmcenter at the German Heart Institute Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Judith Kikhney
- c University Medical Center Berlin, Biofilmcenter at the German Heart Institute Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Ralf Matthias Hagen
- a German Armed Forces Hospital of Hamburg, Department of Tropical Medicine at the Bernhard Nocht Institute , Hamburg , Germany
| | | | - Sven Poppert
- e Institute for Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Giessen , Germany
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Lim EK, Guk K, Kim H, Chung BH, Jung J. Simple, rapid detection of influenza A (H1N1) viruses using a highly sensitive peptide-based molecular beacon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:175-8. [PMID: 26509476 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc05684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A peptide-based molecular beacon (PEP-MB) was prepared for the simple, rapid, and specific detection of H1N1 viruses using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system. The PEP-MB exhibited minimal fluorescence in its "closed" hairpin structure. However, in the presence of H1N1 viruses, the specific recognition of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of H1 strains by the PEP-MB causes the beacon to assume an "open" structure that emits strong fluorescence. The PEP-MB could detect H1N1 viruses within 15 min or even 5 min and can exhibit strong fluorescence even at low viral concentrations, with a detection limit of 4 copies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Lim
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. and BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghye Guk
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. and Nanobiotechnology Major, School of Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeran Kim
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Hyun Chung
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. and BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Jung
- BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. and BioNano Health Guard Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 305-806, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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9
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Kliot A, Ghanim M. Fluorescent in situ hybridization for the localization of viruses, bacteria and other microorganisms in insect and plant tissues. Methods 2016; 98:74-81. [PMID: 26678796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for the localization of cellular components such as nucleic acids, proteins, cellular vesicles and more, and the localization of microorganisms including viruses, bacteria and fungi have become an important part of any research program in biological sciences that enable the visualization of these components in fixed and live tissues without the need for complex processing steps. The rapid development of microscopy tools and technologies as well as related fluorescent markers and fluorophores for many cellular components, and the ability to design DNA and RNA sequence-based molecular probes and antibodies which can be visualized fluorescently, have rapidly advanced this field. This review will focus on some of the localizations methods which have been used in plants and insect pests in agriculture, and other microorganisms, which are rapidly advancing the research in agriculture-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Kliot
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Franz AWE, Kantor AM, Passarelli AL, Clem RJ. Tissue Barriers to Arbovirus Infection in Mosquitoes. Viruses 2015; 7:3741-67. [PMID: 26184281 PMCID: PMC4517124 DOI: 10.3390/v7072795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) circulate in nature between arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. Arboviruses often cause devastating diseases in vertebrate hosts, but they typically do not cause significant pathology in their arthropod vectors. Following oral acquisition of a viremic bloodmeal from a vertebrate host, the arbovirus disease cycle requires replication in the cellular environment of the arthropod vector. Once the vector has become systemically and persistently infected, the vector is able to transmit the virus to an uninfected vertebrate host. In order to systemically infect the vector, the virus must cope with innate immune responses and overcome several tissue barriers associated with the midgut and the salivary glands. In this review we describe, in detail, the typical arbovirus infection route in competent mosquito vectors. Based on what is known from the literature, we explain the nature of the tissue barriers that arboviruses are confronted with in a mosquito vector and how arboviruses might surmount these barriers. We also point out controversial findings to highlight particular areas that are not well understood and require further research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W E Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Asher M Kantor
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | | | - Rollie J Clem
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Raquin V, Valiente Moro C, Saucereau Y, Tran FH, Potier P, Mavingui P. Native Wolbachia from Aedes albopictus Blocks Chikungunya Virus Infection In Cellulo. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125066. [PMID: 25923352 PMCID: PMC4414612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolbachia, a widespread endosymbiont of terrestrial arthropods, can protect its host against viral and parasitic infections, a phenotype called "pathogen blocking". However, in some cases Wolbachia may have no effect or even enhance pathogen infection, depending on the host-Wolbachia-pathogen combination. The tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is naturally infected by two strains of Wolbachia, wAlbA and wAlbB, and is a competent vector for different arboviruses such as dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Interestingly, it was shown in some cases that Ae. albopictus native Wolbachia strains are able to inhibit DENV transmission by limiting viral replication in salivary glands, but no such impact was measured on CHIKV replication in vivo. To better understand the Wolbachia/CHIKV/Ae. albopictus interaction, we generated a cellular model using Ae. albopictus derived C6/36 cells that we infected with the wAlbB strain. Our results indicate that CHIKV infection is negatively impacted at both RNA replication and virus assembly/secretion steps in presence of wAlbB. Using FISH, we observed CHIKV and wAlbB in the same mosquito cells, indicating that the virus is still able to enter the cell in the presence of the bacterium. Further work is needed to decipher molecular pathways involved in Wolbachia-CHIKV interaction at the cellular level, but this cellular model can be a useful tool to study the mechanism behind virus blocking phenotype induced by Wolbachia. More broadly, this underlines that despite Wolbachia antiviral potential other complex interactions occur in vivo to determine mosquito vector competence in Ae. albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Raquin
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, USC1190 INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- * E-mail: (VR); (PM)
| | - Claire Valiente Moro
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, USC1190 INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yoann Saucereau
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, USC1190 INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Florence-Hélène Tran
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, USC1190 INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patrick Potier
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, USC1190 INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- Université de Lyon, UMR 5557 Ecologie Microbienne, CNRS, USC1190 INRA, VetAgro Sup, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT, INSERM U1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
- * E-mail: (VR); (PM)
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12
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Pozo-Aguilar JO, Monroy-Martínez V, Díaz D, Barrios-Palacios J, Ramos C, Ulloa-García A, García-Pillado J, Ruiz-Ordaz BH. Evaluation of host and viral factors associated with severe dengue based on the 2009 WHO classification. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:590. [PMID: 25500154 PMCID: PMC4274692 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever (DF) is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease affecting humans. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a revised classification in 2009 to enable the more effective identification of cases of severe dengue (SD). This was designed primarily as a clinical tool, but it also enables cases of SD to be differentiated into three specific subcategories (severe vascular leakage, severe bleeding, and severe organ dysfunction). However, no study has addressed whether this classification has advantage in estimating factors associated with the progression of disease severity or dengue pathogenesis. We evaluate in a dengue outbreak associated risk factors that could contribute to the development of SD according to the 2009 WHO classification. METHODS A prospective cross-sectional study was performed during an epidemic of dengue in 2009 in Chiapas, Mexico. Data were analyzed for host and viral factors associated with dengue cases, using the 1997 and 2009 WHO classifications. The cost-benefit ratio (CBR) was also estimated. RESULTS The sensitivity in the 1997 WHO classification for determining SD was 75%, and the specificity was 97.7%. For the 2009 scheme, these were 100% and 81.1%, respectively. The 2009 classification showed a higher benefit (537%) with a lower cost (10.2%) than the 1997 WHO scheme. A secondary antibody response was strongly associated with SD. Early viral load was higher in cases of SD than in those with DF. Logistic regression analysis identified predictive SD factors (secondary infection, disease phase, viral load) within the 2009 classification. However, within the 1997 scheme it was not possible to differentiate risk factors between DF and dengue hemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome. The critical clinical stage for determining SD progression was the transition from fever to defervescence in which plasma leakage can occur. CONCLUSIONS The clinical phenotype of SD is influenced by the host (secondary response) and viral factors (viral load). The 2009 WHO classification showed greater sensitivity to identify SD in real time. Timely identification of SD enables accurate early decisions, allowing proper management of health resources for the benefit of patients at risk for SD. This is possible based on the 2009 WHO classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge O Pozo-Aguilar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Código Postal 04510, México, DF, México.
| | - Verónica Monroy-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Código Postal 04510, México, DF, México.
| | - Daniel Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Sede del tercer Circuito Exterior, México, DF, México.
| | - Jacqueline Barrios-Palacios
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Código Postal 04510, México, DF, México.
| | - Celso Ramos
- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Av. Universidad 655, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán 62508, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
| | - Armando Ulloa-García
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, INSP. 4ª. Norte esquina con 19 Poniente, Código Postal 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México.
| | - Janet García-Pillado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Código Postal 04510, México, DF, México.
| | - Blanca H Ruiz-Ordaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Código Postal 04510, México, DF, México.
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Mousson L, Zouache K, Arias-Goeta C, Raquin V, Mavingui P, Failloux AB. The native Wolbachia symbionts limit transmission of dengue virus in Aedes albopictus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1989. [PMID: 23301109 PMCID: PMC3531523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The chikungunya (CHIK) outbreak that struck La Reunion Island in 2005 was preceded by few human cases of Dengue (DEN), but which surprisingly did not lead to an epidemic as might have been expected in a non-immune population. Both arboviral diseases are transmitted to humans by two main mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In the absence of the former, Ae. albopictus was the only species responsible for viral transmission on La Reunion Island. This mosquito is naturally super-infected with two Wolbachia strains, wAlbA and wAlbB. While Wolbachia does not affect replication of CHIK virus (CHIKV) in Ae. albopictus, a similar effect was not observed with DEN virus (DENV). Methods/Principal Findings To understand the weak vectorial status of Ae. albopictus towards DENV, we used experimental oral infections of mosquitoes from La Reunion Island to characterize the impact of Wolbachia on DENV infection. Viral loads and Wolbachia densities were measured by quantitative PCR in different organs of Ae. albopictus where DENV replication takes place after ingestion. We found that: (i) Wolbachia does not affect viral replication, (ii) Wolbachia restricts viral density in salivary glands, and (iii) Wolbachia limits transmission of DENV, as infectious viral particles were only detected in the saliva of Wolbachia-uninfected Ae. albopictus, 14 days after the infectious blood-meal. Conclusions We show that Wolbachia does not affect the replication of DENV in Ae. albopictus. However, Wolbachia is able to reduce viral infection of salivary glands and limit transmission, suggesting a role of Wolbachia in naturally restricting the transmission of DENV in Ae. albopictus from La Reunion Island. The extension of this conclusion to other Ae. albopictus populations should be investigated. Aedes albopictus is an invasive species that is expanding its natural range of geographic distribution. While it was previously considered a secondary vector of different arboviruses, this mosquito species is involved in the most recent outbreaks of chikungunya but contributes weakly to dengue outbreaks. Ae. albopictus naturally carries two strains of the bacterium Wolbachia, wAlbA and wAlbB. Present in 20% of insect species, Wolbachia is an obligate intracellular symbiont mainly transmitted through females. When inoculated into some mosquito hosts, Wolbachia is able to shorten the adult life span and to block arbovirus transmission. We have previously shown that Wolbachia is not capable of limiting chikungunya replication in the mosquito vector. In this study, we show that the native Wolbachia is able to limit dengue transmission by restricting the delivery of infectious viral particles from the mosquito saliva when biting. Therefore, our results might explain the low vector competence of Ae. albopictus for dengue, and thus its weak contribution as an epidemic dengue vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Mousson
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Karima Zouache
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Camilo Arias-Goeta
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Raquin
- UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1193, VetAgro Sup, Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Patrick Mavingui
- UMR CNRS 5557, USC INRA 1193, VetAgro Sup, Ecologie Microbienne, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Department of Virology, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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