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Morphological Aspects and Viremia Analysis of BALB/c Murine Model Experimentally Infected with Dengue Virus Serotype 4. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101954. [PMID: 34696384 PMCID: PMC8538460 DOI: 10.3390/v13101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since its brief introduction in the Brazilian territory in 1981, dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV-4) remained absent from the national epidemiological scenario for almost 25 years. The emergence of DENV-4 in 2010 resulted in epidemics in most Brazilian states. DENV-4, however, remains one of the least studied among the four DENV serotypes. Despite being known as a mild serotype, DENV-4 is associated with severe cases and deaths and deserves to be investigated; however, the lack of suitable experimental animal models is a limiting factor for pathogenesis studies. Here, we aimed to investigate the susceptibility and potential tropism of DENV-4 for liver, lung and heart of an immunocompetent mice model, and to evaluate and investigate the resulting morphological and ultrastructural alterations upon viral infection. BALB/c mice were inoculated intravenously with non-neuroadapted doses of DENV-4 isolated from a human case. The histopathological analysis of liver revealed typical alterations of DENV, such as microsteatosis, edema and vascular congestion, while in lung, widespread areas of hemorrhage and interstitial pneumonia were observed. While milder alterations were present in heart, characterized by limited hemorrhage and discrete presence of inflammatory infiltrate, the disorganization of the structure of the intercalated disc is of particular interest. DENV-4 RNA was detected in liver, lung, heart and serum of BALB/c mice through qRT-PCR, while the NS3 viral protein was observed in all of the aforementioned organs through immunohistochemistry. These findings indicate the susceptibility of the model to the serotype and further reinforce the usefulness of BALB/c mice in studying the many alterations caused by DENV.
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Runtuwene LR, Kawashima S, Pijoh VD, Tuda JSB, Hayashida K, Yamagishi J, Sugimoto C, Nishiyama S, Sasaki M, Orba Y, Sawa H, Takasaki T, James AA, Kobayashi T, Eshita Y. The Lethal(2)-Essential-for-Life [ L(2)EFL] Gene Family Modulates Dengue Virus Infection in Aedes aegypti. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207520. [PMID: 33053895 PMCID: PMC7593908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to determine the mosquito genes that affect dengue virus replication have identified a number of candidates that positively or negatively modify amplification in the invertebrate host. We used deep sequencing to compare the differential transcript abundances in Aedes aegypti 14 days post dengue infection to those of uninfected A. aegypti. The gene lethal(2)-essential-for-life [l(2)efl], which encodes a member of the heat shock 20 protein (HSP20) family, was upregulated following dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) infection in vivo. The transcripts of this gene did not exhibit differential accumulation in mosquitoes exposed to insecticides or pollutants. The induction and overexpression of l(2)efl gene products using poly(I:C) resulted in decreased DENV-2 replication in the cell line. In contrast, the RNAi-mediated suppression of l(2)efl gene products resulted in enhanced DENV-2 replication, but this enhancement occurred only if multiple l(2)efl genes were suppressed. l(2)efl homologs induce the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and we confirmed this finding in the cell line. However, the mechanism by which l(2)efl phosphorylates eIF2α remains unclear. We conclude that l(2)efl encodes a potential anti-dengue protein in the vector mosquito.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky R. Runtuwene
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan;
- Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
- AIDS Research Centre, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Correspondence: (L.R.R.); (Y.E.)
| | - Shuichi Kawashima
- Database Center for Life Science, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, 178-4-4 Wakashiba, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan;
| | - Victor D. Pijoh
- Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Unsrat, Bahu Manado 95-115, Indonesia; (V.D.P.); (J.S.B.T.)
| | - Josef S. B. Tuda
- Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Unsrat, Bahu Manado 95-115, Indonesia; (V.D.P.); (J.S.B.T.)
| | - Kyoko Hayashida
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; (K.H.); (J.Y.); (C.S.)
| | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; (K.H.); (J.Y.); (C.S.)
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; (K.H.); (J.Y.); (C.S.)
| | - Shoko Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu-shi, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Michihito Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.O.); (H.S.)
| | - Yasuko Orba
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.O.); (H.S.)
| | - Hirofumi Sawa
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan; (M.S.); (Y.O.); (H.S.)
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa 253-0087, Japan
| | - Anthony A. James
- Departments of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan;
| | - Yuki Eshita
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita 879-5593, Japan;
- Departments of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Rajathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
- Correspondence: (L.R.R.); (Y.E.)
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