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da Rocha Silva FB, Miguel DC, Minori K, Grazzia N, Machado VE, de Oliveira CM, Tosta CD, Pinto MC. Attractiveness of Golden Hamster infected with Leishmania amazonensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) to laboratory-reared Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae). Acta Trop 2024; 255:107238. [PMID: 38710262 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Lutzomyia longipalpis is the primary vector of Leishmania infantum in the Americas and a permissive vector for Leishmania amazonensis. Previous studies showed that Leishmania infantum-infected hosts can release different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) compared with uninfected hosts, presenting a higher attractiveness to vectors. In this study, we aimed to evaluate a possible effect of L. amazonensis infection of golden hamsters in three parameters: attractiveness to Lu. longipalpis females; blood volume ingested by sand fly females; and VOCs released by the animals.. Attractiveness was measured indirectly by the number of Lu. longipalpis females that blood fed in each L. amazonensis-infected and uninfected animal. For VOCs extraction, solid phase micro extraction fibers were used, which were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Behavioral trials did not show any effect of L. amazonensis infection on the attraction of sand flies nor difference on blood meal rates of Lu. longipalpis fed in both goups of hamsters. Additionally, there was no difference between the VOCs profiles of L. amazonensis-infected or uninfected hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Benini da Rocha Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Karen Minori
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Nathália Grazzia
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vicente Estevam Machado
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Cíntia Marcelo de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Christiann Davis Tosta
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Câmpus Matão, Matão, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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Bezerra-Santos MA, Benelli G, Germinara GS, Volf P, Otranto D. Smelly interactions: host-borne volatile organic compounds triggering behavioural responses in mosquitoes, sand flies, and ticks. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:227. [PMID: 38755646 PMCID: PMC11100076 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are chemicals emitted as products of cell metabolism, which reflects the physiological and pathological conditions of any living organisms. These compounds play a key role as olfactory cues for arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, sand flies, and ticks, which act in the transmission of pathogens to many animal species, including humans. Some VOCs may influence arthropod behaviour, e.g., host preference and oviposition site selection for gravid females. Furthermore, deadly vector-borne pathogens such as Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania infantum are suggested to manipulate the VOCs profile of the host to make them more attractive to mosquitoes and sand fly vectors, respectively. Under the above circumstances, studies on these compounds have demonstrated their potential usefulness for investigating the behavioural response of mosquitoes, sand flies, and ticks toward their vertebrate hosts, as well as potential tools for diagnosis of vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Herein, we provide an account for scientific data available on VOCs to study the host seeking behaviour of arthropod vectors, and their usefulness as attractants, repellents, or tools for an early diagnosis of VBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Bueno AC, Machado VE, da Rocha Silva FB, Boni FI, Cury BSF, Gremião MPD, Pinto MC. Semiochemical delivery systems based on natural polymers to attract sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:303. [PMID: 37644584 PMCID: PMC10464299 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful use of semiochemicals to attract insects to traps is based on research on the most suitable compounds and their release profiles over time. Based on the group's promising results, matrices with a more adequate release profile and more eco-friendly properties for the release of 1-hexanol were developed. To use a more suitable prototype in the field, the most promising systems were added to a capsule and evaluated in a wind tunnel. Behavioral experiments were performed using the sand fly species, Lutzomyia longipalpis, to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed system. METHODS Different delivery systems were developed by varying the polymer (gellan gum and pectin) ratio, crosslinker (aluminum chloride) concentration, and glutaraldehyde removal.The delivery systems were loaded with 1-hexanol, and their release profiles were evaluated using gravimetric analysis under ambient and high-humidity conditions. When the matrix system was placed inside a plastic container, modulations in the active release profile were observed and the system could be reused. Actid attraction behaviors of the sand fly species, Lu. longipalpis, were evaluated in a wind tunnel when exposed to 1-hexanol-loaded release systems at different times. RESULTS Among the four formulations evaluated, System 2 (gellan gum and pectin in a 1:1 ratio with 5% aluminum chloride) exhibited the most promising release profile, with greater uniformity and longer compound release time. The maximum 1-hexanol release uniformity was achieved over a longer time, mainly every 24 h, under both ambient and high-humidity conditions. System 2 can be reused at least once with the same structure. The wind tunnel trials exhibited efficient activation and attraction of Lu. longipalpis to 1-hexanol after 24, 48, and 72 h in System 2 placed inside the capsules. CONCLUSIONS The polymeric matrix supplemented with 1-hexanol and introduced in plastic capsules showed promising results in attracting sand flies. This system can be used as a solution for other attractive compounds as well as in other applications where their release needs to be controlled or prolonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Bueno
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Vicente Estevam Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Flávia Benini da Rocha Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Isadora Boni
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Stringhetti Ferreira Cury
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Maria Palmira Daflon Gremião
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, km 1, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil.
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Behavioral responses of sand fly Nyssomyia neivai (Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) to 1-hexanol and light. Acta Trop 2022; 236:106680. [PMID: 36087769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for attractive baits that may facilitate the capture of haematophagous insects has been epidemiologically relevant. Sand flies use chemical cues in different phases of their life cycles to find carbohydrate meals, mates, blood meals and oviposition sites. Few studies have related the behaviours of sand flies with volatile compounds that can influence their life cycles. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that 1-hexanol released on filter paper is a good attractant for the sand fly Nyssomyia neivai, which is suspected in the transmission of the aetiologic agent of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS In this study, we developed two release systems to modulated 1-hexanol release: system 1 contained gellan gum and pectin (4:1 ratio), 3% aluminium chloride and 1% glutaraldehyde; system 2 contained: gellan gum and pectin (4:1 ratio) and 3% aluminium chloride. After addition of 1-hexanol to each release system, trials were performed in a wind tunnel with Ny. neivai males and females (unfed, blood-fed and gravid) to evaluate activation and attraction responses. RESULTS Males and unfed females showed the same response pattern to the systems. For both systems, the males and unfed females of the sand flies showed an activation response up to 24 h. The number of responsive gravid females was lower than unfed females for both systems. The blood-fed females showed no responses in any of the release systems. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the state of the females (unfed, fed and gravid) can interfere with the sand fly responses to volatile compounds. Additionally, both systems evaluated with the compound showed effectiveness for sand fly attraction.
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Hassaballa IB, Matoke-Muhia D, Masiga DK, Sole CL, Torto B, Tchouassi DP. Behavioural responses of Phlebotomus duboscqi to plant-derived volatile organic compounds. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 35:625-632. [PMID: 34309051 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of Leishmania parasites that cause leishmaniases. Both sexes of sand flies feed on plants primarily for sugars, although the chemical cues that mediate attraction to host plants remain largely unknown. Previously, using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, the authors identified several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) common to preferred host plants for selected Afrotropical sand flies from the Fabaceae family. Of the identified volatiles, the significance of the monoterpenes linalool oxide, ocimene and p-cymene and the benzenoid m-cresol, p-cresol in sand fly behaviour is unknown. In olfactometer assays, the authors tested these compounds singly and in blends for their attractiveness to Phlebotomus duboscqi, cutaneous leishmaniasis vector in Kenya. In dose-response assays, single compounds increased the responses of males and females over controls, but their optimum attractive doses varied between the sexes. Two five-component blends, referred to as Blend-f and Blend-m for females and males respectively, were formulated and tested in dose-response assays against 1-octen-3-ol (positive control). The results of the present study showed that males and females were significantly attracted to varying levels of the two blends. In pairwise assays, the authors evaluated the most attractive of these blends to each sex (i.e., Blend Am for male against Blend Bf for female), revealing that males were attracted to both blends at varying levels, whereas females were indifferent. The study's results demonstrate that plant-derived VOCs can be exploited for sand fly management.
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Affiliation(s)
- I B Hassaballa
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D Matoke-Muhia
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - D K Masiga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - C L Sole
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - B Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - D P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
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Owino EA. Human and plant volatiles; lures for mosquito, vectors of dengue virus and malaria. J Vector Borne Dis 2021; 58:1-11. [PMID: 34818857 DOI: 10.4103/0972-9062.318313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased outbreaks of mosquito borne diseases like the deadly parasitic disease, malaria and arboviruses like Zika, yellow fever and dengue viruses around the world have led to increased interest in traps that could effectively be used against mosquitoes. For example, a Google search at the time of this writing, asking, 'which is the best way of trapping mosquitoes?' produced 35.5 million search results. Regardless of the interest in the subject, scientists have yet to find a definitive answer to these questions. One area that has been exploited as a potential source of efficient traps for mosquitoes is host odour baits. Since mosquitoes are attracted to their hosts through odours produced by the hosts, it's highly likely that synthetic chemical blends based on host odours could provide a solution. Most mosquito species have 2 hosts: vertebrate animals and vascular plants. Amongst the vertebrates, most diseases spread by mosquitoes are to humans. Considerable research has therefore been conducted on human odours that elicit attraction in mosquitoes, with emphasis on compounds from sweat and skin. Interest on plant volatiles is currently gathering pace because unlike human odours that only attract host seeking female mosquitoes, plant odours can attract both male and female mosquitoes of all gonotrophic stages. This review article concentrates on some of the chemical compounds in human and plant host odours that have shown a potential as attractants to mosquitoes especially Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae s.l.
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Rêgo FD, Soares RP. Lutzomyia longipalpis: an update on this sand fly vector. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20200254. [PMID: 33950136 DOI: 10.1590/0001-37652021xxxx] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lutzomyia longipalpis is the most important vector of Leishmania infantum, the etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the New World. It is a permissive vector susceptible to infection with several Leishmania species. One of the advantages that favors the study of this sand fly is the possibility of colonization in the laboratory. For this reason, several researchers around the world use this species as a model for different subjects including biology, insecticides testing, host-parasite interaction, physiology, genetics, proteomics, molecular biology, and saliva among others. In 2003, we published our first review (Soares & Turco 2003) on this vector covering several aspects of Lu. longipalpis. This current review summarizes what has been published between 2003-2020. During this period, modern approaches were incorporated following the development of more advanced and sensitive techniques to assess this sand fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe D Rêgo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/MG), Instituto René Rachou, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, 30180-104 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pedro Soares
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/MG), Instituto René Rachou, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, 30180-104 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Hassaballa IB, Sole CL, Cheseto X, Torto B, Tchouassi DP. Afrotropical sand fly-host plant relationships in a leishmaniasis endemic area, Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009041. [PMID: 33556068 PMCID: PMC7895382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioecology of phlebotomine sand flies is intimately linked to the utilization of environmental resources including plant feeding. However, plant feeding behavior of sand flies remains largely understudied for Afrotropical species. Here, using a combination of biochemical, molecular, and chemical approaches, we decipher specific plant-feeding associations in field-collected sand flies from a dry ecology endemic for leishmaniasis in Kenya. Cold-anthrone test indicative of recent plant feeding showed that fructose positivity rates were similar in both sand fly sexes and between those sampled indoors and outdoors. Analysis of derived sequences of the ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene (rbcL) from fructose-positive specimens implicated mainly Acacia plants in the family Fabaceae (73%) as those readily foraged on by both sexes of Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia. Chemical analysis by high performance liquid chromatography detected fructose as the most common sugar in sand flies and leaves of selected plant species in the Fabaceae family. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) of the headspace volatile profiles of selected Fabaceae plants identified benzyl alcohol, (Z)-linalool oxide, (E)-β-ocimene, p-cymene, p-cresol, and m-cresol, as discriminating compounds between the plant volatiles. These results indicate selective sand fly plant feeding and suggest that the discriminating volatile organic compounds could be exploited in attractive toxic sugar- and odor- bait technologies control strategies. Plant feeding as an essential resource of sand flies, primary vectors of Leishmania parasites, is largely understudied for Afrotropical species. Here, we combined field ecology, biochemical, molecular and chemical approaches, to decipher plant feeding associations in field-collected sand flies from a dry ecology endemic for leishmaniasis in Kenya revealing i) similar rates of plant feeding among sand fly sexes sampled from indoor and outdoor environments, ii) Acacia plants in the family Fabaceae as those readily foraged on by sand fly species in Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, iii) fructose as the common sugar in sand flies and leaves of selected plant species in the Fabaceae family, iv) compounds namely benzyl alcohol, (Z)-linalool oxide, (E)-β-ocimene, p-cymene, p-cresol, and m-cresol, as discriminating volatile organic compounds between volatiles of selected Fabaceae plants. The findings indicate selective sand fly plant feeding and suggest that the discriminating volatile organic compounds could be exploited in attractive toxic sugar- and odor-bait technologies for sand fly control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman B. Hassaballa
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Catherine L. Sole
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Xavier Cheseto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - David P. Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
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RÊGO FELIPED, SOARES RODRIGOPEDRO. Lutzomyia longipalpis: an update on this sand fly vector. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Magalhães-Junior JT, Oliva-Filho ADA, Novais HO, Mesquita PRR, M Rodrigues F, Pinto MC, Barrouin-Melo SM. Attraction of the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis to possible biomarker compounds from dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 33:322-325. [PMID: 30652325 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the primary vector of Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the Americas. Studies have been carried out to identify new alternatives for monitoring and controlling this sandfly species, particularly with the use of chemical baits. The attractiveness of odours emitted by foxes and alcohols found in some plants has already been demonstrated in laboratory tests with Lu. longipalpis. However, no studies have evaluated the responses of these insects to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by dogs. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects on Lu. longipalpis of individual and blends of VOCs identified in hair from dogs infected with L. infantum. Effects in male and female Lu. longipalpis were assessed using wind tunnel methodology. Individual compounds including octanal, nonanal, decanal and heptadecane showed capacity for activating and/or attracting male Lu. longipalpis. Only decanal and nonanal showed effects on females. The combination of octanal, decanal and heptadecane increased activation and attraction behaviour in male sandflies, as did the blend of octanal and decanal. These findings indicate that VOCs emitted by dogs may be an interesting source of new attractants of sandflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Magalhães-Junior
- Multidisciplinary Center of Barra, Federal University of Western Bahia (UFOB), Barra, BA, Brazil
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - A De A Oliva-Filho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - H O Novais
- Agricultural Technological Center of the State of Bahia (CETAB), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - P R R Mesquita
- Agricultural Technological Center of the State of Bahia (CETAB), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Postgraduate Programme in Regional Development and Environment, Maria Milza College (FAMAM), Governador Mangabeira, BA, Brazil
| | - F M Rodrigues
- Agricultural Technological Center of the State of Bahia (CETAB), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Postgraduate Programme in Regional Development and Environment, Maria Milza College (FAMAM), Governador Mangabeira, BA, Brazil
| | - M C Pinto
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - S M Barrouin-Melo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, Teaching Hospital of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, UFBA, Salvador, BA, Brazil
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da Rocha Silva FB, Miguel DC, Machado VE, Oliveira WHC, Goulart TM, Tosta CD, Pinheiro HP, Pinto MC. Influence of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis infection on the attractiveness of BALB/c mice to Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214574. [PMID: 30934013 PMCID: PMC6443145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors for several pathogens, with Leishmania being the most important. In Brazil, the main aetiological agent of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, and Nyssomyia neivai is one of its main vectors in São Paulo state and other areas of South America. Similar to other haematophagous insects, sand flies use volatile compounds called kairomones to locate their hosts for blood meals. A possible increase in the attractiveness of hosts infected with Leishmania infantum to their vectors has been demonstrated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether L. braziliensis-infected hosts present higher attractiveness to Ny. neivai and to identify differences in the volatile compounds released by infected and uninfected mice. RESULTS Behavioural experiments in which sand fly females directly fed on infected or uninfected mice showed no significant differences in the attractiveness of the mice or the blood volume ingested. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays also revealed no significant differences in the attractiveness of these hosts to Ny. neivai. No differences were observed in the profiles of the volatile compounds released by the two groups of mice. However, PCA and cluster analysis were able to classify the 31 identified compounds into three clusters according to their abundances. This classification showed a possible role for individual variation in the absence of differences in volatile profiles and attractiveness between infected and uninfected mice. CONCLUSION In this first cross-sectional study with an aetiological agent of ACL, there were no statistically significant differences in the attractiveness of infected hosts to their vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Benini da Rocha Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Vicente Estevam Machado
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Wanderson Henrique Cruz Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Thais Marchi Goulart
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Christiann Davis Tosta
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus Matão, Matão, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Hildete Prisco Pinheiro
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Câmpus Araraquara, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil
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Tavares DDS, Salgado VR, Miranda JC, Mesquita PRR, Rodrigues FDM, Barral-Netto M, de Andrade JB, Barral A. Attraction of phlebotomine sandflies to volatiles from skin odors of individuals residing in an endemic area of tegumentary leishmaniasis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203989. [PMID: 30248113 PMCID: PMC6152958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated what could attract insects of medical importance and a crucial role has lately been attributed to human skin odors. Most of these researches have been concerned with mosquitoes, e.g., vectors of dengue and malaria. Little is known about volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from human skin odors and their effects on leishmania vectors. Objective The present study aimed to identify the VOCs from human skin that can be attractive to female anthropophilic phlebotomine sandflies. Results Forty-two VOCs were identified from skin odors of 33 male volunteers, seven of which were tested in wind tunnel assays employing field-captured phlebotomine sandflies (75.4% identified as Lutzomyia intermedia). Hexane and (E)-oct-3-en-1-ol (octenol) were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. 2-Phenylacetaldehyde (hereafter called phenylacetaldehyde), 6-methylhept-5-en-2-one (also known as sulcatone), nonadecane and icosane were found to activate female phlebotomine sandflies, but only phenylacetaldehyde, 6-methylhepten-5-en-2-one and icosane elicited attraction responses. Conclusions These results suggest that phenylacetaldehyde, 6-methylhepten-5-en-2-one and icosane may be suitable candidates for attractiveness experimentation in the field which can be an important tool to develop strategies concerning human beings protection against phlebotomine sandflies bites and consequently against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diva da Silva Tavares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz—Fiocruz–Salvador, Bahia—Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)–Salvador, Bahia–Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina do Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS)–Fortaleza, Ceará –Brazil
- * E-mail: (DDST); (AB)
| | | | | | - Paulo R. R. Mesquita
- Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)–Salvador, Bahia–Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz—Fiocruz–Salvador, Bahia—Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)–Salvador, Bahia–Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia (iii-INCT)–Salvador, Bahia–Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- Instituto de Química da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)–Salvador, Bahia–Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente (INCT-EA)–Salvador, Bahia–Brazil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz—Fiocruz–Salvador, Bahia—Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)–Salvador, Bahia–Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia (iii-INCT)–Salvador, Bahia–Brazil
- * E-mail: (DDST); (AB)
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Dekel A, Pitts RJ, Yakir E, Bohbot JD. Evolutionarily conserved odorant receptor function questions ecological context of octenol role in mosquitoes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37330. [PMID: 27849027 PMCID: PMC5110965 DOI: 10.1038/srep37330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is a key insect adaptation to a wide range of habitats. In the last thirty years, the detection of octenol by blood-feeding insects has been primarily understood in the context of animal host-seeking. The recent discovery of a conserved octenol receptor gene in the strictly nectar-feeding elephant mosquito Toxorhynchites amboinensis (TaOr8) suggests a different biological role. Here, we show that TaOR8 is a functional ortholog of its counterparts in blood-feeding mosquitoes displaying selectivity towards the (R)-enantiomer of octenol and susceptibility to the insect repellent DEET. These findings suggest that while the function of OR8 has been maintained throughout mosquito evolution, the context in which this receptor is operating has diverged in blood and nectar-feeding mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Dekel
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ronald J. Pitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Esther Yakir
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jonathan D. Bohbot
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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DNA barcode for the identification of the sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis plant feeding preferences in a tropical urban environment. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29742. [PMID: 27435430 PMCID: PMC4951712 DOI: 10.1038/srep29742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the feeding behavior of hematophagous insects that require plant sugar to complete their life cycles. We studied plant feeding of Lutzomyia longipalpis sand flies, known vectors of Leishmania infantum/chagasi parasites, in a Brazilian city endemic with visceral leishmaniasis. The DNA barcode technique was applied to identify plant food source of wild-caught L. longipalpis using specific primers for a locus from the chloroplast genome, ribulose diphosphate carboxylase. DNA from all trees or shrubs within a 100-meter radius from the trap were collected to build a barcode reference library. While plants from the Anacardiaceae and Meliaceae families were the most abundant at the sampling site (25.4% and 12.7% of the local plant population, respectively), DNA from these plant families was found in few flies; in contrast, despite its low abundance (2.9%), DNA from the Fabaceae family was detected in 94.7% of the sand flies. The proportion of sand flies testing positive for DNA from a given plant family was not significantly associated with abundance, distance from the trap, or average crown expansion of plants from that family. The data suggest that there may indeed be a feeding preference of L. longipalpis for plants in the Fabaceae family.
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Machado VE, Corrêa AG, Goulart TM, Silva FBDR, Ortiz DGS, Pinto MC. Attraction of the sand fly Nyssomyia neivai (Diptera: Psychodidae) to chemical compounds in a wind tunnel. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:147. [PMID: 25889391 PMCID: PMC4354759 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Similar to other hematophagous insects, male and female sand flies must feed on plants to obtain sugar and, subsequently, energy to complete their life cycles. A large number of compounds emitted by plants may act as volatile signals to these insects. Primary alcohols have been detected in some plants, but in small amounts. In a previous report, the attractiveness of saturated primary alcohols with 7 to 9 carbons was evaluated for Lutzomyia longipalpis, the vector of American visceral leishmaniasis, with positive results. Methods In the present study, a wide range of primary alcohols, 3 to 10 carbons, were tested to investigate their attractiveness to another sand fly species, Nyssomyia neivai, a putative vector of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. The mixture of compounds that induced the best sand fly response was also evaluated. Results Of the eight compounds evaluated, hexanol and octanol elicited the best attractive responses for sand fly females. Conclusion Phytochemicals may be an interesting source of search for new sand fly attractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Estevam Machado
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Arlene Gonçalves Corrêa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thais Marchi Goulart
- Departamento de Zoologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Benini da Rocha Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Mara Cristina Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP, 14801-902, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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