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Maslyukova IE, Kurochkin DV, Martynova EV, Bakhtina VI, Subbotina TN. Comparison of fragment analysis and PCR electrophoresis methods for the detection of FLT3‑ITD mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. ONCOHEMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.17650/1818-8346-2022-17-4-118-125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background. The presence of the FLT3-ITD mutations in patients with AML serves as a marker of poor prognosis, which is included in the ELN 2017 risk stratification guideline. The main criterion for dividing patients into groups according to the predicted outcomes was the allelic ratio (AR) with a cutoff of 0.5: an AR value <0.5 is considered low, and ≥0.5 is considered high. At the same time, if the importance of AR determination is beyond doubt, the value of information about the length of the repeat and localization is still controversial. There are two common approaches for FLT3-ITD screening. The first, more accessible and cheaper method is the method of pCR electrophoresis and the second, more expensive and requiring special equipment, is the fragment analysis method, which allows not only to detect a mutation and determine the repeat length, but also to quantify or calculate AR.Aim. To compare fragment analysis and pCR electrophoresis in the search for the FLT3-ITD mutations in dNA samples from AML patients.Materials and methods. for the period of 2020–2022 fragment analysis and pCR electrophoresis were used to analyze blood and/or bone marrow samples taken from 45 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of AML who were treated at the Regional Clinical Hospital (Krasnoyarsk). Confirmation and identification of the FLT3-ITD mutations was performed by means of Sanger sequencing.Results. both methods revealed the FLT3-ITD mutations in 11 (24.45 %) patients among the 45 patients studied. According to the results of fragment analysis, the median repeat length was 42.70 base pairs (range 26.01–99.84 base pairs), AR was 0.532 (0.027–3.328), and the allelic frequency (Af) was 34.71 (2.67–76.90) %. Three different ITds were identified in one sample. Sanger sequencing identified mutations in 9 of 11 patients.Conclusion. fragment analysis and pCR electrophoresis showed similar results when analyzing samples with different ITd lengths and with different allelic ratios. but it can be assumed that in the case of a small ITd and low AR and Af values, when using pCR electrophoresis, the mutant allele will not be visualized, which can lead to a false negative result. The disadvantage of using the pCR electrophoresis method is also that without the use of special programs that allow determining the size and intensity of the band corresponding to the mutant allele, it is impossible to determine the AR value, which is important for AML risk stratification. Thus, for detection of the FLT3-ITD we recommend using the fragment analysis method.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. E. Maslyukova
- Siberian Federal University; Federal Siberian Research and Clinical Center, Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | - D. V. Kurochkin
- Siberian Federal University; Federal Siberian Research and Clinical Center, Federal Medical and Biological Agency
| | | | - V. I. Bakhtina
- Regional Clinical Hospital; Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T. N. Subbotina
- Siberian Federal University; Federal Siberian Research and Clinical Center, Federal Medical and Biological Agency
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Kongta R, Panyasit N, Jansaento W, Duangmano S. Development of E-ice-COLD-PCR assay combined with HRM analysis for Nucleophosmin1 gene mutation detection in acute myelogenous leukemia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274034. [PMID: 36103476 PMCID: PMC9473412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) gene represent the most frequent molecular alteration in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), especially in patients with AML who have a normal karyotype. These alterations have been shown to carry favorable prognostic significance in patients with AML. Several methods have been developed for detection of NPM1 gene mutations. However, their ability to detect low levels of mutations in a wild-type background is limited. In this study, the Enhance improved and complete enrichment Co-amplification at Lower Denaturation temperature Polymerase Chain Reaction (E-ice-COLD-PCR) assay combined with High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis was developed and validated for highly specific and sensitive screening for NPM1 gene mutations. A total of 83 blood samples from patients with AML were collected, and their DNA was extracted. For mutational analysis, the E-ice-COLD-PCR assay for the detection of NPM1 gene mutations was developed. PCR products were analyzed by HRM analysis. All positive samples were confirmed by direct sequencing. This assay enabled detection specificity and sensitivity of NPM1 mutations in 9/83 patients with AML. Direct sequencing results were 100% concordant with this method. In addition, the limit of detection was 12.5% mutant in the final concentration of 5 ng genomic DNA. The E-ice-COLD-PCR assay with HRM analysis is a highly specific and sensitive screening method for enrichment of detecting NPM1 gene mutations. This method has both a short turn around time and easier interpretation compared to those of other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattana Kongta
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Noppamas Panyasit
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Suwit Duangmano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cancer Research Unit of Associated Medical Sciences (AMS-CRU), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Masoud Eslami M, Soufizomorrod M, Ahmadvand M. High expression of long noncoding RNA NORAD is associated with poor clinical outcomes in non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia patients. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2021:S1658-3876(21)00065-0. [PMID: 34419481 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Dysregulation of long noncoding RNA NORAD has been identified in human solid tumors. However, the expression profile of NORAD and its clinical implications in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is unclear. The current study aimed to explore the NORAD expression status and its clinical significance in non-M3 AML patients. METHODS NORAD expression was evaluated in 60 de novo non-M3 AML patients and 49 healthy individuals using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. The correlation between NORAD transcription levels and clinicopathologic characteristics was statistically studied. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, NORAD was consistently higher in non-M3 AML patients (p = .01). Furthermore, initial NORAD upregulation occurred more frequently in patients with unfavorable cytogenetic risk (p = .02). The non-M3 AML patients were divided into NORAD high-expressing (NORADhigh) and NORAD low-expressing (NORADlow) groups based on the median NORAD expression level. Univariate analyses revealed that patients with high expression levels of NORAD had relatively poor overall survival (p = .03) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = .01). Additionally, multivariate analysis highlighted that NORAD upregulation was an independent risk factor for RFS. CONCLUSION Our observations indicate the fact that high expression of NORAD could be an unfavorable risk factor in non-M3 AML patients, and NORAD might be a novel therapeutic candidate for future treatments targeting AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Masoud Eslami
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufizomorrod
- Department of Hematology Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Salah M, Zawam H, Fouad NB, Soliman N, Maksoud FAWA. Study of HOTAIR LncRNA in AML patients in context to FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations status. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have recently been considered promising biomarkers for oncogenesis due to their epigenetic regulatory effects. HOTAIR is one of the oncogenic LncRNAs that was previously studied in different non-hematological malignancies. The current study set out to detect the expression level of HOTAIR LncRNA in AML patients concerning their clinical characteristics, laboratory data, FLT3-ITD, and NPM1 mutations, as well as treatment outcome. This study included quantitative detection of HOTAIR gene expression in 47 cases of AML using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, as well as NPM1 and FLT3-ITD genotyping.
Results
The HOTAIR expression was significantly higher in AML patients 6.87 (0.001) than in normal controls 1.66 (0.004–6.82) (p 0.007). The HOTAIR expression level was affected by chemotherapy, and it was correlated to hemoglobin level (p 0.001), age, total leukocytic count (p 0.022), and NPM1 mutation (p 0.017). HOTAIR gene expression level showed a correlation to relapse-free survival in the study group (p 0.04).
Conclusion
HOTAIR is overexpressed in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). HOTAIR pre-treatment and post-chemotherapy gene expression levels can predict chemosensitivity and relapse.
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Othman GO, Mohammad NS, Saeed CH. Molecular study of Nucleophosmin 1(NPM1) gene in acute myeloid leukemia in Kurdish population. Afr Health Sci 2021; 21:687-692. [PMID: 34795724 PMCID: PMC8568245 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v21i2.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) the most frequent acquired molecular abnormalities and important prognostic indicators is nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) mutations. Our study aims was molecular study of Nucleophosmin -1 gene in Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Kurdish population. PATIENTS &METHODS A total of 50 patients with AML, (36) of them attended Nanakaly Hospital and (14) attended Hiwa Hospital and 30 healthy subjects as control were selected randomly, all were matched of age and gender. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of NPM1 gene mutation. Three samples of PCR product for NPM1 gene mutations were sequenced, and mutations were determined by comparison with the normal NPM1 sequence NCBI (GenBank accession number NM_002520). RESULTS Out of 50 patients with AML, 5 (10%) of them were NPM1 gene mutation positive, and 45 (90%) were negative. The mutation were a base substitution (C to A), (G to C), (G to T), transversion mutation in addition of frame shift mutation and all mutated cases were heterozygous and retained a wild type allele. CONCLUSION Identification of NPM1 mutations in AML are important for prognostication, treatment decision and optimization of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nawsherwan Sadiq Mohammad
- Hawler Medical University, College of Medicine. Nanakaly Teaching Hospital for Blood Diseases. Erbil- Iraq
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6
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El-Gamal RAER, Hashem AES, Habashy DM, Abou Elwafa MAZ, Boshnak NH. Flow cytometry in detection of Nucleophosmin 1 mutation in acute myeloid leukemia patients: A reproducible tertiary hospital experience. Int J Lab Hematol 2020; 43:68-75. [PMID: 32856429 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutation is one of the most frequent gene mutations in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML), being detected in 35% of all cases and in up to 60% of patients with normal karyotype AML. AML with mutated NPM1 has distinct pathology, immunophenotyping, and confirmed favorable prognostic significance. Hence, AML with mutated NPM1 is a separate entity in the revised 2016 World Health Organization classification. This study aimed to evaluate the use of a reproducible flow cytometry approach in the assay of mutant NPM1 protein in AML patients and to correlate flow cytometric results with the NPM1 gene mutation. METHODS Eighty-nine newly diagnosed AML patients were evaluated for the expression of mutant NPM1 using flow cytometry and for the presence of NPM1 exon 12 mutations using high-resolution melting polymerase chain reaction (HRM PCR). RESULTS The NPM1 mutation was found in 35 (39.3%) patients by HRM PCR. These patients showed a significantly higher level of percentage of positive-stained cells (% positive cells) and normalized median fluorescence intensity (MFI) for mutant NPM1 by flow cytometry than the negative mutation group. CONCLUSION Flow cytometric detection of mutant NPM1 offers a possible tool to indicate NPM1 mutational status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azza El-Sayed Hashem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hematology Unit, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deena Mohamed Habashy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hematology Unit, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Hussein Boshnak
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Hematology Unit, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Mat Yusoff Y, Abu Seman Z, Othman N, Kamaluddin NR, Esa E, Zulkiply NA, Abdullah J, Zakaria Z. Identification of FLT3 and NPM1 Mutations in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1749-1755. [PMID: 31244296 PMCID: PMC7021611 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.6.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The most frequent acquired molecular abnormalities and important prognostic indicators in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) are fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 gene (FLT3) and nucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) mutations. Our study aims to develop a cost effective and comprehensive in-house conventional PCR method for detection of FLT3-ITD, FLT3-D835 and NPM1 mutations and to evaluate the frequency of these mutations in patients with cytogenetically normal (CN) AML in our population. Methods: A total of 199 samples from AML patients (95 women, 104 men) were included in the study. Mutation analyses were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing. Result: Sixty-eight patients were positive for the mutations. FLT3-ITD mutations were detected in 32 patients (16.1%), followed by FLT3-D835 in 5 (2.5%) and NPM1 in 54 (27.1%). Double mutations of NPM1 and FLT3-ITD were detected in 23 cases (11.6%). Assays validation were performed using Sanger sequencing and showed 100% concordance with in house method. Conclusion: The optimized in-house PCR assays for the detection of FLT3-ITD, FLT3-D835 and NPM1 mutations in AML patients were robust, less labour intensive and cost effective. These assays can be used as diagnostic tools for mutation detection in AML patients since identification of these mutations are important for prognostication and optimization of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuslina Mat Yusoff
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zahidah Abu Seman
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Norodiyah Othman
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Rizan Kamaluddin
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Ezalia Esa
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Amalina Zulkiply
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Julia Abdullah
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Mizuta S, Yamane N, Komai T, Koba Y, Kawata T, Ukyo N, Tamekane A, Watanabe M. Investigation of screening method for
DNMT3A
mutations by high‐resolution melting analysis in acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2019; 41:593-600. [DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Mizuta
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
- Laboratory of Hematology, Division of Medical Biophysics Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Hyogo Japan
| | - Noriko Yamane
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
| | - Takao Komai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
| | - Yusuke Koba
- Department of Hematology Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
| | - Takahito Kawata
- Department of Hematology Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Naoya Ukyo
- Department of Hematology Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
| | - Akira Tamekane
- Department of Hematology Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Watanabe
- Department of Hematology Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center Hyogo Japan
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9
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Pashaiefar H, Yaghmaie M, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Ghaffari SH, Alimoghaddam K, Momeny M, Izadi P, Izadifard M, Kasaeian A, Ghavamzadeh A. PARP-1 Overexpression as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Adult Non-M3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:343-349. [PMID: 29812960 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays an important role in the repair of damaged DNA and has prognostic significance in a variety of human malignancies. However, little is known about its expression levels and clinical implication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MATERIALS AND METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was done to evaluate PARP-1 expression levels in the bone marrow of 65 patients with non-M3 AML and 54 healthy counterparts. The correlation of PARP-1 expression with clinicopathological features of non-M3 AML patients was also analyzed. RESULTS Non-M3 AML patients have higher PARP-1 expression than the healthy controls (p < 0.01). Patients with adverse cytogenetic risk have higher PARP-1 expression than other cytogenetic risk groups (p = 0.004). The PARP-1 median expression level divided AML patients into PARP-1 low-expressed and PARP-1 high-expressed groups. High expression levels of PARP-1 were associated with worse overall survival (OS) (p = 0.01) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.005). Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that high PARP-1 expression was an independent risk factor for both OS and RFS. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PARP-1 overexpression may define an important risk factor in non-M3 AML patients and PARP-1 is a potential therapeutic target for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Pashaiefar
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 2 Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 3 Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 2 Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 3 Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- 4 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Ghaffari
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 2 Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 3 Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 2 Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 3 Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 2 Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 3 Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Pantea Izadi
- 4 Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzie Izadifard
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 2 Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 3 Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 2 Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 3 Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 2 Cell Therapy and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
- 3 Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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10
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Pashaiefar H, Izadifard M, Yaghmaie M, Montazeri M, Gheisari E, Ahmadvand M, Momeny M, Ghaffari SH, Kasaeian A, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A. Low Expression of Long Noncoding RNA IRAIN Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Non-M3 Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:288-294. [PMID: 29634410 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Deregulation of the long noncoding RNA IRAIN has been identified in several cancers. However, the expression pattern of IRAIN and its clinical implication in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression status of IRAIN and its clinical significance in non-M3 AML patients. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine IRAIN transcript levels in 64 de novo non-M3 AML patients and 51 healthy controls. The association of IRAIN expression with clinicopathological factors was statistically analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the controls, IRAIN was significantly downregulated in non-M3 AML patients (p < 0.001). The median of IRAIN expression divided the non-M3 AML patients into IRAIN low-expressing (IRAINlow) and IRAIN high-expressing (IRAINhigh) groups. The IRAINlow group tended to have higher white blood cell count and blast counts and had markedly shorter overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.044 and 0.009, respectively). In addition, patients with refractory response to chemotherapies and those with subsequent relapse had lower initial IRAIN expression. Multivariate analysis further identified IRAIN transcript levels as an independent prognostic factor for both RFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS Our finding suggests that IRAIN transcript levels may be a useful biomarker for the prognosis of non-M3 AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Pashaiefar
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Izadifard
- 2 Department of Genetics, Payame Noor University of Rey , Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Montazeri
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Gheisari
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Ghaffari
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
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11
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Akin DF, Oner DA, Mumcuoglu M, Ezer U, Bahce M, Kurekci E, Akar N. Detection of TET2, KRAS and CBL variants by Next Generation Sequencing and analysis of their correlation with JAK2 and FLT3 in childhood AML. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Hussaini M. Biomarkers in Hematological Malignancies: A Review of Molecular Testing in Hematopathology. Cancer Control 2016; 22:158-66. [PMID: 26068760 DOI: 10.1177/107327481502200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular interrogation of genetic information has transformed our understanding of disease and is now routinely integrated into the workup and monitoring of hematological malignancies. In this article, a brief but comprehensive review is presented of state-of-the-art testing in hematological disease. METHODS The primary medical literature and standard textbooks in the field were queried and reviewed to assess current practices and trends for molecular testing in hematopathology by disease. RESULTS Pertinent materials were summarized under appropriate disease categories. CONCLUSION Molecular testing is well entrenched in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for hematological malignancies, with rapid growth and insights emerging following the integration of next-generation sequencing into the clinical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hussaini
- Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Kawaguchi-Ihara N, Itoh M, Murohashi I, Tohda S. Establishment of a quenching probe method for detection of NPM1 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2429-2432. [PMID: 27073492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations, generally consisting of a four base-pair insertion, are present in ~60% of all cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. The mutation is clinically significant as an important prognostic factor. Direct sequencing is the current standard method of mutation detection, however, it is quite costly and time consuming. The present study aimed to establish a highly sensitive quenching probe (QP) method to detect NPM1 mutations efficiently. Melting curve analysis was performed using a QP, following polymerase chain reaction for amplification of the involved region of the gene. The curve derived from the fluorescent intensity with respect to the temperature of OCI/AML3, a heterozygous NPM1 mutant AML cell line, was W-shaped with melting peaks at 61°C and 68°C. That of M-07e, the homozygous wild type cell line, was V-shaped with a melting peak at 68°C. Thus, the curve derived from the mutant allele was easily discriminated from that of the wild-type allele. The mutant allele was detected in concentrations as low as 3% as determined by a subsequent sensitivity study. With a short testing time and a high sensitivity, this assay was applicable for NPM1-mutated AML patient samples and is appropriate for screening NPM1 mutations. It does require further examination as to whether it would be useful as a detection method for other mutant alleles since NPM1 mutations may consist of 61 known types of mutant sequences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the QP method for the detection of NPM1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kawaguchi-Ihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8540, Japan
| | - Mai Itoh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Ikuo Murohashi
- Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8540, Japan
| | - Shuji Tohda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Marcinkowska-Swojak M, Handschuh L, Wojciechowski P, Goralski M, Tomaszewski K, Kazmierczak M, Lewandowski K, Komarnicki M, Blazewicz J, Figlerowicz M, Kozlowski P. Simultaneous detection of mutations and copy number variation of NPM1 in the acute myeloid leukemia using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Mutat Res 2016; 786:14-26. [PMID: 26894557 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The NPM1 gene encodes nucleophosmin, a protein involved in multiple cell functions and carcinogenesis. Mutation of the NPM1 gene, causing delocalization of the protein, is the most frequent genetic lesion in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); it is considered a founder event in AML pathogenesis and serves as a favorable prognostic marker. Moreover, in solid tumors and some leukemia cell lines, overexpression of the NPM1 gene is commonly observed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a new method for the detection of NPM1 mutations and the simultaneous analysis of copy number alterations (CNAs), which may underlie NPM1 gene expression deregulation. To address both of the issues, we applied a strategy based on multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). A designed NPM1mut+ assay enables the detection of three of the most frequent NPM1 mutations: A, B and D. The accuracy of the assay was tested using a group of 83 samples from Polish patients with AML and other blood-proliferative disorders. To verify the results, we employed traditional Sanger sequencing and next-generation transcriptome sequencing. With the use of the NPM1mut+ assay, we detected mutations A, D and B in 14, 1 and 0 of the analyzed samples, respectively. All of these mutations were confirmed by complementary sequencing approaches, proving the 100% specificity and sensitivity of the proposed test. The performed sequencing analysis allowed the identification of two additional rare mutations (I and ZE). All of the mutations were identified exclusively in AML cases, accounting for 25% of those cases. We did not observe any CNAs (amplifications) of the NPM1 gene in the studied samples, either with or without the mutation. The presented method is simple, reliable and cost-effective. It can be easily introduced into clinical practice or developed to target both less-frequent mutations in the NPM1 gene and other cancer-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Marcinkowska-Swojak
- European Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Luiza Handschuh
- European Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Pawel Wojciechowski
- European Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michal Goralski
- European Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Kamil Tomaszewski
- European Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kazmierczak
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Lewandowski
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Mieczyslaw Komarnicki
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 82/84, 60-569 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Jacek Blazewicz
- European Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Marek Figlerowicz
- European Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 2, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- European Center of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
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15
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Ziai JM, Siddon AJ. Pathology Consultation on Gene Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144:539-54. [PMID: 26386075 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp77zfpuqgygwy] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly fatal disease without the use of aggressive chemotherapy regimens. Cytogenetic and molecular studies are commonly used to classify types of AML based on prognosis, as well as to determine therapeutic regimens. METHODS Although there are several AML classifications determined by particular translocations, cytogenetically normal AML represents a molecularly, as well as clinically, heterogeneous group of diseases. Laboratory evaluation of AML will become increasingly important as new mutations with both prognostic and therapeutic implications are being recognized. Moreover, because many patients with AML are being treated more effectively, these mutations may become increasingly useful as markers of minimal residual disease, which can be interpreted in an individualized approach. RESULTS Current laboratory studies of gene mutations in AML include analysis of NPM1, FLT3, CEBPA, and KIT. In addition to these genes, many other genes are emerging as potentially useful in determining patients' prognosis, therapy, and disease course. CONCLUSIONS This article briefly reviews the current most clinically relevant gene mutations and their clinical and immunophenotypic features, prognostic information, and methods used for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexa J. Siddon
- Departments of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA Connecticut Healthcare, West Haven, CT
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Riahi A, Kharrat M, Lariani I, Chaabouni-Bouhamed H. High-resolution melting (HRM) assay for the detection of recurrent BRCA1/BRCA2 germline mutations in Tunisian breast/ovarian cancer families. Fam Cancer 2015; 13:603-9. [PMID: 25069718 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-014-9740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Germline deleterious mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk for the development of breast and ovarian cancer. Given the large size of these genes the detection of such mutations represents a considerable technical challenge. Therefore, the development of cost-effective and rapid methods to identify these mutations became a necessity. High resolution melting analysis (HRM) is a rapid and efficient technique extensively employed as high-throughput mutation scanning method. The purpose of our study was to assess the specificity and sensitivity of HRM for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes scanning. As a first step we estimate the ability of HRM for detection mutations in a set of 21 heterozygous samples harboring 8 different known BRCA1/BRCA2 variations, all samples had been preliminarily investigated by direct sequencing, and then we performed a blinded analysis by HRM in a set of 68 further sporadic samples of unknown genotype. All tested heterozygous BRCA1/BRCA2 variants were easily identified. However the HRM assay revealed further alteration that we initially had not searched (one unclassified variant). Furthermore, sequencing confirmed all the HRM detected mutations in the set of unknown samples, including homozygous changes, indicating that in this cohort, with the optimized assays, the mutations detections sensitivity and specificity were 100 %. HRM is a simple, rapid and efficient scanning method for known and unknown BRCA1/BRCA2 germline mutations. Consequently the method will allow for the economical screening of recurrent mutations in Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aouatef Riahi
- Laboratoire Génétique Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Shahab S, Shamsi TS, Ahmed N. Prognostic involvement of nucleophosmin mutations in acute myeloid leaukemia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:5615-20. [PMID: 24289551 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a protein of highly conserved nature which works as a molecular chaperone and is mostly found in nucleoli. NPM also involved in the maturation of preribosomes and duplication of centrosomes. Furthermore, it is also active in control and regulation of the ARF-p53 tumor suppressor pathway. A high rate of incidence and prognostic involvement is reported by various authors in AML patients. In AML it behaves as a favorable prognostic marker. NPM mutations are more frequently associated with normal-karyotype AML and are usually absent in patients having abnormal or poor cytogenetic. NPM mutations are not frequent in other hematopoietic tumors .Two main types of mutations have been described to date. Both of these cause abnormal cytoplasmic localization of NPM1. Their high incidence rate in normal karyoptype and their favorable nature make those mutations hot spot or front face mutations which should be checked before treatment starts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Shahab
- Molecular Biology, Pure and Applied Research, National Institute Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan E-mail :
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18
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Liu Y, Tang J, Wakamatsu P, Xue H, Chen J, Gaynon PS, Shen S, Sun W. High-resolution melting curve analysis, a rapid and affordable method for mutation analysis in childhood acute myeloid leukemia. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:96. [PMID: 25250304 PMCID: PMC4158872 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular genetic alterations with prognostic significance have been described in childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The aim of this study was to establish cost-effective techniques to detect mutations of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), and a partial tandem duplication within the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL-PTD) genes in childhood AML. PROCEDURE Ninety-nine children with newly diagnosed AML were included in this study. We developed a fluorescent dye SYTO-82 based high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis to detect FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD), FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD), and NPM1 mutations. MLL-PTD was screened by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS The HRM methodology correlated well with gold standard Sanger sequencing with less cost. Among the 99 patients studied, the FLT3-ITD mutation was associated with significantly worse event-free survival (EFS). Patients with the NPM1 mutation had significantly better EFS and overall survival. However, HRM was not sensitive enough for minimal residual disease monitoring. CONCLUSION High-resolution melting was a rapid and efficient method for screening of FLT3 and NPM1 gene mutations. It was both affordable and accurate, especially in resource underprivileged regions. Our results indicated that HRM could be a useful clinical tool for rapid and cost-effective screening of the FLT3 and NPM1 mutations in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jingyan Tang
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Peter Wakamatsu
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disease, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Huiliang Xue
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Paul S Gaynon
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disease, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Shuhong Shen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Weili Sun
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Disease, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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19
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Zidan MAA, Kamal Shaaban HM, Elghannam DM. Prognostic impact of Wilms tumor gene mutations in Egyptian patients with acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:267-74. [PMID: 24074521 DOI: 10.1179/1607845413y.0000000129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor (WT1) gene mutations were detected in patients with most forms of acute leukemia. However, the biological significance and the prognostic impact of WT1 mutation in Egyptian patients with acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype (AML-NK) are still uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical relevance of WT1 gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype (AML-NK). Exons 7 and 9 of WT1 were screened in samples from 216 adult NK-AML using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism techniques. Twenty-three patients (10.6%) harbored WT1 mutations. Younger ages and higher marrow blasts were significantly associated with WT1 mutations (P = 0.006 and 0.003 respectively). Complete remission rates were significantly lower in patients with WT1 mutations than those with WT1 wild-type (P = 0.015). Resistance, relapse, and mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with WT1 mutations than those without (P = 0.041, 0.016, and 0.008 respectively). WT1 mutations were inversely associated with NPM1 mutations (P = 0.007). Patients with WT1 mutations had worse disease-free survival (P < 0.001) and overall survival (P < 0.001) than patients with WT1 wild-type. In multivariable analyses, WT1 mutations independently predicted worse DFS (P < 0.001; hazard ratio [HR] 0.036) and overall survival (P = 0.001; HR = 0.376) when controlling for age, total leukocytic count (TLC), and NPM1 mutational status. In conclusion, WT1 mutations are a negative prognostic indicator in intensively treated patients with AML-NK, may be a part of molecularly based risk assessment and risk-adapted treatment stratification of patients with AML-NK.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Case-Control Studies
- Egypt
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Frequency
- Genes, Wilms Tumor
- Humans
- Karyotype
- Karyotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nucleophosmin
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
- Prognosis
- Remission Induction
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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20
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Wertheim GBW, Hexner E, Bagg A. Molecular-based classification of acute myeloid leukemia and its role in directing rational therapy: personalized medicine for profoundly promiscuous proliferations. Mol Diagn Ther 2013. [PMID: 23184342 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-012-0009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is not a single pathologic entity but represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies. This heterogeneity is exemplified by the variable clinical outcomes that are observed in patients with AML, and it is largely the result of diverse mutations within the leukemic cells. These mutations range from relatively large genetic alterations, such as gains, losses, and translocations of chromosomes, to single nucleotide changes. Detection of many of these mutations is required for accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of patients with AML. As such, many testing modalities have been developed and are currently employed in clinical laboratories to ascertain mutational status at prognostically and therapeutically critical loci. The assays include those that specifically identify large chromosomal alterations, such as conventional metaphase analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization, and methods that are geared more toward analysis of small mutations, such as PCR with allele-specific oligonucleotide primers. Furthermore, newer tests, including array analysis and next-generation sequencing, which can simultaneously probe numerous molecular aberrancies within tumor cells, are likely to become commonplace in AML diagnostics. Each testing method clearly has advantages and disadvantages, an understanding of which should influence the choice of test in various clinical circumstances. To aid such understanding, this review discusses both genetic mutations in AML and the clinical tests-including their pros and cons-that may be used to probe these abnormalities. Additionally, we highlight the significance of genetic testing by describing cases in which results of genetic testing significantly influence clinical management of patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B W Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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21
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New Quantitative Method to Identify NPM1 Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. LEUKEMIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2013; 2013:756703. [PMID: 23691328 PMCID: PMC3649360 DOI: 10.1155/2013/756703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the NPM1 gene, which encodes for nucleophosmin, have been reported to be the most frequent genetic abnormalities found in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Their identification and quantification remain crucial for the patients' residual disease monitoring. We investigated a new method that could represent a novel reliable alternative to sequencing for its identification. This method was based on high-resolution melting analysis in order to detect mutated patients and on an allele-specific oligonucleotide real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ASO-RQ-PCR) for the identification and quantification of the transcripts carrying NPM1 mutations (NPM1m). Few patients carrying known NPM1m enabled us to set up a table with the different primers' ΔCT values, identifying a profile for each mutation type. We then analysed a series of 337 AML patients' samples for NPM1 mutational status characterization and confirmed the ASO-RQ-PCR results by direct sequencing. We identified some mutations in 86 samples, and the results were fully correlated in 100% of the 36 sequenced samples. We also detected other rare NPM1m in two samples, that we confirmed by direct sequencing. This highly specific method provides a novel quick, useful, and costless tool, easy to use in routine practice.
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22
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Grimwade L, Gudgin E, Bloxham D, Bottley G, Vassiliou G, Huntly B, Scott MA, Erber WN. Detection of cytoplasmic nucleophosmin expression by imaging flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2012; 81:896-900. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Martínez-López J, Castro N, Rueda D, Canal A, Grande C, Ayala R. Use of Sorafenib as an effective treatment in an AML patient carrying a new point mutation affecting the Juxtamembrane domain of FLT3. Br J Haematol 2012; 158:555-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2012.09189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Martínez-López
- Hematology Division; Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Nerea Castro
- Hematology Division; Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Daniel Rueda
- Hematology Division; Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Alicia Canal
- Hematology Division; Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Carlos Grande
- Hematology Division; Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Rosa Ayala
- Hematology Division; Hospital Universitario Doce de Octubre; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid; Spain
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24
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Tan AYC, Wong SQ, Nyvold CG, Carney DA, Wei A, Seymour JF, Hokland P, Dobrovic A. Rapid detection of FLT3 exon 20 tyrosine kinase domain mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia by high-resolution melting analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:1225-9. [PMID: 22132874 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.645817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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25
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Li BS, Wang XY, Ma FL, Jiang B, Song XX, Xu AG. Is high resolution melting analysis (HRMA) accurate for detection of human disease-associated mutations? A meta analysis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28078. [PMID: 22194806 PMCID: PMC3237421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High Resolution Melting Analysis (HRMA) is becoming the preferred method for mutation detection. However, its accuracy in the individual clinical diagnostic setting is variable. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of HRMA for human mutations in comparison to DNA sequencing in different routine clinical settings, we have conducted a meta-analysis of published reports. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Out of 195 publications obtained from the initial search criteria, thirty-four studies assessing the accuracy of HRMA were included in the meta-analysis. We found that HRMA was a highly sensitive test for detecting disease-associated mutations in humans. Overall, the summary sensitivity was 97.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 96.8-98.5; I(2) = 27.0%). Subgroup analysis showed even higher sensitivity for non-HR-1 instruments (sensitivity 98.7% (95%CI: 97.7-99.3; I(2) = 0.0%)) and an eligible sample size subgroup (sensitivity 99.3% (95%CI: 98.1-99.8; I(2) = 0.0%)). HRMA specificity showed considerable heterogeneity between studies. Sensitivity of the techniques was influenced by sample size and instrument type but by not sample source or dye type. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings show that HRMA is a highly sensitive, simple and low-cost test to detect human disease-associated mutations, especially for samples with mutations of low incidence. The burden on DNA sequencing could be significantly reduced by the implementation of HRMA, but it should be recognized that its sensitivity varies according to the number of samples with/without mutations, and positive results require DNA sequencing for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Sheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Li Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Song
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Gao Xu
- Huizhou Medicine Institute, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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26
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Montgomery JL, Sanford LN, Wittwer CT. High-resolution DNA melting analysis in clinical research and diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010; 10:219-40. [PMID: 20214540 DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Among nucleic acid analytical methods, high-resolution melting analysis is gaining more and more attention. High-resolution melting provides simple, homogeneous solutions for variant scanning and genotyping, addressing the needs of today's overburdened laboratories with rapid turnaround times and minimal cost. The flexibility of the technique has allowed it to be adopted by a wide range of disciplines for a variety of applications. In this review we examine the broad use of high-resolution melting analysis, including gene scanning, genotyping (including small amplicon, unlabeled probe and snapback primers), sequence matching and methylation analysis. Four major application arenas are examined to demonstrate the methods and approaches commonly used in particular fields. The appropriate usage of high-resolution melting analysis is discussed in the context of known constraints, such as sample quality and quantity, with a particular focus placed on proper experimental design in order to produce successful results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Thye T, Ehmen C, Intemann CD, Chinbuah MA, Ziegler A, Horstmann RD, Meyer CG. Rare Human IFNG Variants. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2010; 30:219-22. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2009.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Thye
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- University at Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christa Ehmen
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher D. Intemann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- University at Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Ziegler
- University at Lübeck, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rolf D. Horstmann
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian G. Meyer
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Boyd EM, Bench AJ, Goday-Fernández A, Anand S, Vaghela KJ, Beer P, Scott MA, Bareford D, Green AR, Huntly B, Erber WN. Clinical utility of routineMPLexon 10 analysis in the diagnosis of essential thrombocythaemia and primary myelofibrosis. Br J Haematol 2010; 149:250-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ahmad F, Mandava S, Das BR. Analysis of FLT3-ITD and FLT3-Asp835 mutations in de novo acute myeloid leukemia: evaluation of incidence, distribution pattern, correlation with cytogenetics and characterization of internal tandem duplication from Indian population. Cancer Invest 2010; 28:63-73. [PMID: 19995225 DOI: 10.3109/07357900903095649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutation of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene in Indian population remains unclear till date. Here, we found FLT3-ITD mutations in 19.1%, FLT3-Asp835 mutations in 4.7%, and dual mutations in 4.2%, accounting for overall mutation in 28% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. FLT3 mutation was more prevalent in APL than non-APL patients (32.2% vs 26.3%), adults tend to show higher incidence than children (30.6% vs 18.2%, p = .1), and were significantly associated with normal karyotype, high WBCs, with no specific distribution in FAB subtypes. Notably, FLT3 mutation was present in 50% of patients with NPM1-Mt, when compared to only 22.6% of patients with NPM1-wt (p < .001). Sequence analyses of internal tandem duplications (ITDs) revealed that duplications were mostly restricted to JM domain (3 to 165 nucleotides). Interestingly, 92.3% cases showed duplication of at least one amino acid (AA) within the stretch Y589 to K602 that includes the two SH2-binding motifs. Analysis of frequency of single AA in the duplicated region revealed that E598 was the most frequently duplicated single AA in 72%, followed by R595 (69.2%), and Y599 (66.7%). Finally, three types of point mutations were identified, including D835Y, D835H, and D835A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoz Ahmad
- Research and Development Division, Super Religare Laboratories Ltd (Formerly SRL Ranbaxy Ltd), Plot No.124, 17th Street, MIDC, Andheri (E), Mumbai, India
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Rázga F, Dvoráková D, Jurcek T, Jezísková I, Krístková Z, Mayer J. CEBPA gene mutational status: a complete screening using high-resolution melt curve analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2009; 13:195-200. [PMID: 19650672 DOI: 10.2165/01250444-200913030-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several independent prognostic factors in cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) have been reported. Mutations or the expression levels of certain genes have been often used as molecular markers for prediction of a patient's outcome or for evaluation of treatment outcome. One of them, the gene encoding CCAAT/enhanced binding protein alpha (CEBPA), plays an important role in myeloid differentiation and, when mutated, confers a favorable prognosis for patients with CN-AML. Complete mutation screening of the CEBPA gene is therefore beneficial and requires fast, precise, and sensitive diagnostic tools. Thus, for routine diagnostics, we developed a screening method using high-resolution melt curve analysis prior to direct sequencing, where only positive samples (according to reference) are further sequenced. With this approach, all positive and negative patients were successfully distinguished, and the results obtained were in absolute concordance with the direct sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Rázga
- Center of Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine-Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital Brno and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Mutations ofNPM1gene inde novoacute myeloid leukaemia: determination of incidence, distribution pattern and identification of two novel mutations in Indian population. Hematol Oncol 2009; 27:90-7. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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