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Che B, Zhang W, Li W, Tang K, Yin J, Liu M, Xu S, Huang T, Yu Y, Huang K, Peng Z, Zha C. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-related genes are involved in the invasion and recurrence of prostate cancer and are related to immune escape based on bioinformatics analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141191. [PMID: 37188204 PMCID: PMC10175693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The composition of the tumor microbial microenvironment participates in the whole process of tumor disease. However, due to the limitations of the current technical level, the depth and breadth of the impact of microorganisms on tumors have not been fully recognized, especially in prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the role and mechanism of the prostate microbiome in PCa based on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-related genes by means of bioinformatics. Methods The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used to find bacterial LPS- related genes. PCa expression profile data and clinical data were acquired from TCGA, GTEx, and GEO. The differentially expressed LPS-related hub genes (LRHG) were obtained by Venn diagram, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to investigate the putative molecular mechanism of LRHG. The immune infiltration score of malignancies was investigated using single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, a prognostic risk score model and nomogram were developed. Results 6 LRHG were screened. LRHG were involved in functional phenotypes such as tumor invasion, fat metabolism, sex hormone response, DNA repair, apoptosis, and immunoregulation. And it can regulate the immune microenvironment in the tumor by influencing the antigen presentation of immune cells in the tumor. And a prognostic risk score and the nomogram, which were based on LRHG, showed that the low-risk score has a protective effect on patients. Conclusion Microorganisms in the PCa microenvironment may use complex mechanism and networks to regulate the occurrence and development of PCa. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-related genes can help build a reliable prognostic model and predict progression-free survival in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangwei Che
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Kaifa Tang,
| | - Jingju Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shenghan Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunyuan Huang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Zha
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Feng D, Zhu W, Shi X, Wei W, Han P, Wei Q, Yang L. Leucine zipper protein 2 serves as a prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer correlating with immune infiltration and epigenetic regulation. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10750. [PMID: 36217461 PMCID: PMC9547219 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to determine whether leucine zipper protein 2 (LUZP2) could benefit men with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radical radiotherapy (RT) or prostatectomy (RP). Methods Analysis was done on differentiating expression, clinical prognosis, co-expressed genes, immune infiltration, and epigenetic changes. All of our analyses were done using the R software (version 3.6.3) and the appropriate packages. Results In terms of PCa, tumor samples expressed LUZP2 more than normal samples did. In the TCGA database and GSE116918, we found that LUZP2 was the only independent risk factor for PCa. The shared enriched pathways for patients undergoing RP or RT were cell-cell adhesion, regulation of filopodium assembly, and extracellular matrix containing collagen. With the exception of TNFRSF14, we discovered that LUZP2 was negatively correlated with 21 immune checkpoints in PCa patients receiving RT. We found a significant inverse relationship between LUZP2 expression and the tumor immune environment, which included B cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, stromal score, immune score, and estimate score, in patients receiving RP or RT. Additionally, tumor purity was positively correlated with LUZP2. We found that the drug bortezomib may be susceptible to the LUZP2. DNA methylation was significantly associated with the mRNA expression of LUZP2 in PCa patients from the TCGA database, and LUZP2 methylation was positively correlated with immune cells. The proliferative activity of various PCa cells, which correlated to different stages of this disease, was also found to be significantly reduced by LUZP2 reduction, according to the results of our experimental work. Conclusions We proposed a relatively comprehensive understanding of the roles of LUZP2 on PCa from the fresh perspective of senescence.
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An Integrative Multi-Omics Analysis Based on Nomogram for Predicting Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Incidence. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:8213723. [PMID: 36245556 PMCID: PMC9537037 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8213723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common site of prostate cancer metastasis is bone tissue with many recent studies having conducted genomic and clinical research regarding bone metastatic prostate cancer. However, further work is needed to better define those patients that are at an elevated risk of such metastasis. Methods SEER and TCGA databases were searched to develop a nomogram for predicting prostate cancer bone metastasis. Results Herein, we leveraged the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to construct a predictive nomogram capable of readily and accurately predicted the odds of bone metastasis in prostate cancer patients. This nomogram was utilized to assign patients with prostate cancer included in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to cohorts at a high or low risk of bone metastasis (HRBM and LRBM, respectively). Comparisons of these LRBM and HRBM cohorts revealed marked differences in mutational landscapes between these patient cohorts, with increased frequencies of gene fusions, somatic copy number variations (CNVs), and single nucleotide variations (SNVs), particularly in the P53 gene, being evident in the HRBM cohort. We additionally identified lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs that were differentially expressed between these two patient cohorts and used them to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Moreover, three weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) modules were constructed from the results of these analyses, with KIF14, MYH7, and COL10A1 being identified as hub genes within these modules. We further found immune response activity levels in the HRBM cohort to be elevated relative to that in the LRBM cohort, with single sample gene enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) scores for the immune checkpoint signature being increased in HRBM patient samples relative to those from LRBM patients. Conclusion We successfully developed a nomogram capable of readily detecting patients with prostate cancer at an elevated risk of bone metastasis.
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Khoo A, Liu LY, Nyalwidhe JO, Semmes OJ, Vesprini D, Downes MR, Boutros PC, Liu SK, Kislinger T. Proteomic discovery of non-invasive biomarkers of localized prostate cancer using mass spectrometry. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:707-724. [PMID: 34453155 PMCID: PMC8639658 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed non-skin cancer in men worldwide. Patient outcomes are remarkably heterogeneous and the best existing clinical prognostic tools such as International Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group, pretreatment serum PSA concentration and T-category, do not accurately predict disease outcome for individual patients. Thus, patients newly diagnosed with prostate cancer are often overtreated or undertreated, reducing quality of life and increasing disease-specific mortality. Biomarkers that can improve the risk stratification of these patients are, therefore, urgently needed. The ideal biomarker in this setting will be non-invasive and affordable, enabling longitudinal evaluation of disease status. Prostatic secretions, urine and blood can be sources of biomarker discovery, validation and clinical implementation, and mass spectrometry can be used to detect and quantify proteins in these fluids. Protein biomarkers currently in use for diagnosis, prognosis and relapse-monitoring of localized prostate cancer in fluids remain centred around PSA and its variants, and opportunities exist for clinically validating novel and complimentary candidate protein biomarkers and deploying them into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Khoo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lydia Y Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julius O Nyalwidhe
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - O John Semmes
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Danny Vesprini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michelle R Downes
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Stanley K Liu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Odette Cancer Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
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LINC01342 silencing upregulates microRNA-508-5p to inhibit progression of lung cancer by reducing cysteine-rich secretory protein 3. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:238. [PMID: 34504061 PMCID: PMC8429695 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical players during cancer progression. Nevertheless, the effect of most lncRNAs in lung cancer (LC) remains unclear. We aimed to explore the role of LINC01342 in LC development through the microRNA-508-5p (miR-508-5p)/cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) axis. LINC01342, miR-508-5p, and CRISP3 expression in clinical samples and cell lines were determined, and their correlations in LC were analyzed. The prognostic role of LINC01342 in LC patients was evaluated. LC cells were screened and, respectively, transfected to alter the expression of LINC01342, miR-508-5p, and CRISP3. Then, proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of transfected LC cells were determined, and the in vivo tumor growth was observed as well. Binding relationships between LINC01342 and miR-508-5p, and between miR-508-5p and CRISP3 were identified. LINC01342 and CRISP3 were upregulated and miR-508-5p was downregulated in LC tissues and cells. High LINC01342 expression indicated a poor prognosis of LC patients. The LINC01342/CRISP3 silencing or miR-508-5p elevation inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of LC cells and promoted LC cell apoptosis, and also suppressed the in vivo tumor growth. LINC01342 bound to miR-508-5p and miR-508-5p targeted CRISP3. LINC01342 plays a prognostic role in LC and LINC01342 silencing upregulates miR-508-5p to inhibit the progression of LC by reducing CRISP3.
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Decreased ATM Protein Expression Is Substantiated with PTEN Loss in Defining Aggressive Phenotype of Prostate Cancer Associated with Lethal Disease. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021; 29:93-101. [PMID: 34337539 PMCID: PMC8317877 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) serine/threonine protein kinase is a known tumor suppressor, involved in DNA damage repair. It has prognostic and predictive therapeutic implications and is associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Objective To investigate the prognostic value of ATM protein expression in PCa patients and assessed the combined value of ATM, ERG, and PTEN status. Design, setting, and participants This study consisted of 303 patients with incidental, locally advanced, and castrate-resistant PCa by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis TURP samples from 303 PCa patients were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC for ATM, ERG, and PTEN. Individual and combined marker status were correlated with International Society of Urological Pathology Gleason grade group, overall survival (OS), and PCa-specific mortality (PCSM). Results and limitations Decreased ATM expression (negative/weak intensity) occurred in 164/303 (54.1%) patients, and was associated with shorter OS and higher PCSM (p = 0.015 and p = 0.001, respectively). Negative/weak ATM expression was significantly associated with PCSM with a hazard ratio of 2.09 (95% confidence interval 1.34–3.27, p = 0.001). Assessment of Combined ATM/PTEN expression showed improved prognostic power to predict OS and PCSM, independent of Gleason grade groups. Conclusions Decreased ATM protein expression is associated with poor outcomes in advanced PCa patients. Patients with combined low ATM/PTEN negative expression are at the highest risk for reduced OS and PCSM. Assessing the combined status of ATM/PTEN by IHC in PCa patients may aid in risk stratification relative to OS and PCSM. Moreover, since ATM plays an integral role in DNA damage response pathways, future studies will enhance our understanding of how outcomes of patients with altered ATM and PTEN expression can be improved further with poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), combinations of PARPi and androgen receptor–targeted therapies, as well as platinum-based chemotherapies. Patient summary Lower ATM intensity is associated with increased cancer-specific mortality in prostate cancer patients. Patients with lower ATM and PTEN negative expression showed decreased overall survival and increased cancer mortality compared with controls.
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LMTK2 as Potential Biomarker for Stratification between Clinically Insignificant and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:8820366. [PMID: 33488712 PMCID: PMC7803409 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8820366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A set of prostate tumors tend to grow slowly and do not require active treatment. Therefore, stratification between patients with clinically significant and clinically insignificant prostate cancer (PC) remains a vital issue to avoid overtreatment. Fast development of genetic technologies accelerated development of next-generation molecular tools for reliable PC diagnosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of molecular biomarkers (CRISP3, LMTK2, and MSMB) for separation of PC cases from benign prostatic changes and more specifically for identification of clinically significant PC from all pool of PC cases in patients with rising PSA levels. Patients (n = 200) who had rising PSA (PSA II) after negative transrectal systematic prostate biopsy due to elevated PSA (PSA I) were eligible to the study. In addition to PSA concentration, PSA density was calculated for each patient. Gene expression level was measured in peripheral blood samples of cases applying RT-PCR, while MSMB (−57 C/T) polymorphism was identified by pyrosequencing. LMTK2 and MSMB significantly differentiated control group from both BPD and PC groups. MSMB expression tended to increase from the major alleles of the CC genotype to the minor alleles of the TT genotype. PSA density was the only clinical characteristic that significantly differentiated clinically significant PC from clinically insignificant PC. Therefore, LMTK2 expression and PSA density were significantly distinguished between clinically significant PC and clinically insignificant PC. PSA density rather than PSA can differentiate PC from the benign prostate disease and, in combination with LMTK2, assist in stratification between clinically insignificant and clinically significant PC.
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Abou-Ouf H, Assem H, Ghosh S, Karnes RJ, Stoletov K, Palanisamy N, Lewis JD, Bismar TA. High Serine-arginine Protein Kinase 1 Expression with PTEN Loss Defines Aggressive Phenotype of Prostate Cancer Associated with Lethal Outcome and Decreased Overall Survival. EUR UROL SUPPL 2020; 23:1-8. [PMID: 34337483 PMCID: PMC8317848 DOI: 10.1016/j.euros.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) has been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) progression. However, its prognostic value and association with ERG and PTEN expression, two of the most common genetic alterations, have not been explored fully. Objective We assessed the prognostic value of SRPK1 in association with ERG and PTEN in a cohort of patients managed nonsurgically by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for advanced disease. Design, setting, and participants The study cohort consisted of men diagnosed with PCa by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP; n = 480). The patients were divided into three main groups: incidental (patients with Gleason score [GS] ≤7 with no prior ADT), advanced (patients with GS ≥8 with no prior ADT), and castrate-resistant PCa (patients with prior ADT). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis A total of 480 TURP samples were assessed by immunohistochemistry for SRPK1, ERG, and PTEN, and results were correlated with Gleason grade group (GG), overall survival (OS), and PCa-specific mortality (PCSM). Results and limitations High SRPK1 expression was noted in 105/455 (23%) available patient cores. Expression of SRPK1 was associated with Gleason grade grouping (p < 0.0001) with high expression detected in 22/74 (33%) with GG 5. High SRPK1 was not associated with ERG positivity (p = 0.18) but was significantly associated with PTEN intensity (p = 0.001). High SRPK1 was associated with OS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.99; confidence interval [CI]: 1.57–2.54, p < 0.0001) and PCSM (HR 1.64; CI: 1.19–2.26, p < 0.002). Adjusting for Gleason score, patients with high SRPK1 and negative PTEN had the worst clinical outcome for both OS and PCSM compared with other patients (p < 0.0001, HR: 3.02; CI: 1.87–4.88 and HR: 6.40, CI: 3.19–12.85, respectively). Conclusions High SRPK1 is associated with worse OS and PCSM. Moreover, patients with high SRPK1 expression and loss of PTEN had the worst clinical outcome for OS and cancer-specific mortality. Combined status of SRPK1 and PTEN may provide added value in stratifying patients into various prognostic groups. Patient summary The expression of serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1) combined with PTEN has a significant prognostic role in prostate cancer patients. Patients with high SRPK1 expression and negative PTEN had the worst clinical outcome for overall survival and cancer-specific mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Abou-Ouf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Public Laboratories, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hisham Assem
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Public Laboratories, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Health Services-Cancer Control, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Konstantin Stoletov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nallasivam Palanisamy
- Department of Urology, Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Health System Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John D Lewis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tarek A Bismar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine and Alberta Public Laboratories, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Tom Baker Cancer Center and Alberta Public Laboratories, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Kwon OK, Ha YS, Na AY, Chun SY, Kwon TG, Lee JN, Lee S. Identification of Novel Prognosis and Prediction Markers in Advanced Prostate Cancer Tissues Based on Quantitative Proteomics. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:195-208. [PMID: 32108042 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent cancer found in males worldwide, and its mortality rate is increasing every year. However, there are no known molecular markers for advanced or aggressive PCa, and there is an urgent clinical need for biomarkers that can be used for prognosis and prediction of PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mass spectrometry-based proteomics was used to identify new biomarkers in tissues obtained from patients with PCa who were diagnosed with T2, T3, or metastatic PCa in regional lymph nodes. RESULTS Among 1,904 proteins identified in the prostate tissues, 344 differentially expressed proteins were defined, of which 124 were up-regulated and 216 were down-regulated. Subsequently, based on the results of partial least squares discriminant analysis and Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses, we proposed that spermidine synthase (SRM), nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1 (NOLC1), and prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) represent new protein biomarkers for diagnosis of advanced PCa. These proteomics results were verified by immunoblot assays in metastatic PCa cell lines and by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in prostate specimens. CONCLUSION SRM was significantly increased depending on the cancer stage, confirming the possibility of using SRM as a biomarker for prognosis and prediction of advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Kwang Kwon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sok Ha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ann-Yae Na
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Chun
- Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kwon
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Joint Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Nyung Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Al Bashir S, Alzoubi A, Alfaqih MA, Kheirallah K, Smairat A, Haddad H, Al-Dwairy A, Fawwaz BAB, Alzoubi M, Trpkov K. PTEN Loss in a Prostate Cancer Cohort From Jordan. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 28:389-394. [PMID: 30614821 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Deletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in prostate cancer has been associated with early biochemical recurrence, increased metastatic potential, and androgen independence. We evaluated the status of PTEN loss in a cohort of prostate cancer patients from Jordan. We investigated 71 patients with prostate cancer and 52 control subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PTEN status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. PTEN mutations on exons 1, 2, 5, and 8 were also evaluated by polymerase chain reaction single-stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). We found PTEN loss in 42 of 71 (59.2%) evaluated prostate cancer cases by immunohistochemistry. In contrast, 51 of 52 BPH (98.1%) cases had an intact PTEN. In a subset of 24 prostate cancer cases evaluated by PCR-SSCP, we found PTEN mutations in 15 (62.5%) cases, whereas 22 (91.7%) of BPH controls lacked PTEN mutations. Exon 5 was the most frequently mutated exon (37.5%). Although the loss of PTEN was not significantly correlated with the Gleason Score (GS) or the World Health Organization (WHO)-International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group (GG), we found higher frequency of PTEN loss (64%) in patients with GS≥4+3/GG≥3, compared with patients with GS≤3+4/GG≤2 (47.6%). In this first study to address the question of PTEN loss in a predominantly Arab population, we documented the frequency of PTEN loss in prostate cancer patients from Jordan, which was found to be higher than in comparable cohorts from East Asia, and was at the higher end of the range of reported frequency of PTEN loss in respective cohorts from North America and Western Europe. Although there was more frequent PTEN loss in cancers with higher GS/GG, this was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Khalid Kheirallah
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology
| | | | | | | | | | - Mazhar Alzoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Kiril Trpkov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Wang Y, Sheng N, Xie Y, Chen S, Lu J, Zhang Z, Shan Q, Wu D, Zheng G, Li M, Zheng Y, Fan S. Low expression of CRISP3 predicts a favorable prognosis in patients with mammary carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13629-13638. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Ning Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Xie
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Zifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Qun Shan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Dongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Guihong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Mengqiu Li
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yuanlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Shaohua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
- College of Health Science, Jiangsu Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu China
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12
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Belardin L, Camargo M, Intasqui P, Antoniassi M, Fraietta R, Bertolla R. Cysteine‐rich secretory protein 3: inflammation role in adult varicocoele. Andrology 2018; 7:53-61. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Belardin
- Department of Surgery Division of Urology Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Camargo
- Department of Surgery Division of Urology Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - P. Intasqui
- Department of Surgery Division of Urology Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - M. Antoniassi
- Department of Surgery Division of Urology Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. Fraietta
- Department of Surgery Division of Urology Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - R. Bertolla
- Department of Surgery Division of Urology Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
- Hospital São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
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13
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Leng D, Miao R, Huang X, Wang Y. In silico analysis identifies CRISP3 as a potential peripheral blood biomarker for multiple myeloma: From data modeling to validation with RT-PCR. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5167-5174. [PMID: 29552153 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Octamer-binding protein 2 (Oct2) binds to the ATGCAAAT octamer on the IgH enhancer and stimulates IgH expression in human multiple myeloma (MM). Cysteine-rich secreted protein 3 (CRISP3) possesses the ATGCAAAT sequence and thus is activated by Oct2 in mouse B cells, suggesting that CRISP3 may be activated in and be a potential biomarker for MM. The present study involved a meta-analysis of the gene expression profiling data of human MM peripheral blood. Significantly expressed genes were analyzed on merged super array microarray data and selected sample data with significantly expressed genes were additionally analyzed by principal component analysis and Bayesian probit regression. CRISP3, Oct2, Apha-1B-glycoprotein (A1GB) and Cyclin D2 (CCND2) were validated in clinical MM peripheral blood samples using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In the gene expression profiling data, CRISP3 was significantly upregulated and had certain proportions on the discriminated principal component of significantly expressed gene sample data. RT-qPCR analysis revealed CRISP3 was significantly upregulated in MM. Therefore, CRISP3 is a potential peripheral blood biomarker for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Leng
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Ran Miao
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Huang
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
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14
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Pérard-Viret J, Quteishat L, Alsalim R, Royer J, Dumas F. Cephalotaxus Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2017; 78:205-352. [PMID: 28838429 PMCID: PMC7110560 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cephalotaxus alkaloids represent a family of plant secondary metabolites known for 60 years. Significant activity against leukemia in mice was demonstrated for extracts of Cephalotaxus. Cephalotaxine (CET) (1), the major alkaloid of this series was isolated from Cephalotaxus drupacea species by Paudler in 1963. The subsequent discovery of promising antitumor activity among new Cephalotaxus derivatives reported by Chinese, Japanese, and American teams triggered extensive structure elucidation and biological studies in this family. The structural feature of this cephalotaxane family relies mainly on its tetracyclic alkaloid backbone, which comprises an azaspiranic 1-azaspiro[4.4]nonane unit (rings C and D) and a benzazepine ring system (rings A and B), which is linked by its C3 alcohol function to a chiral oxygenated side chain by a carboxylic function alpha to a tetrasubstituted carbon center. The botanical distribution of these alkaloids is limited to the Cephalotaxus genus (Cephalotaxaceae). The scope of biological activities of the Cephalotaxus alkaloids is mainly centered on the antileukemic activity of homoharringtonine (HHT) (2), which in particular demonstrated marked benefits in the treatment of orphan myeloid leukemia and was approved as soon as 2009 by European Medicine Agency and by US Food and Drug Administration in 2012. Its exact mechanism of action was partly elucidated and it was early recognized that HHT (2) inhibited protein synthesis at the level of the ribosome machinery. Interestingly, after a latency period of two decades, the topic of Cephalotaxus alkaloids reemerged as a prolific source of new natural structures. To date, more than 70 compounds have been identified and characterized. Synthetic studies also regained attention during the past two decades, and numerous methodologies were developed to access the first semisynthetic HHT (2) of high purity suitable for clinical studies, and then high grade enantiomerically pure CET (1), HHT (2), and analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Pérard-Viret
- Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laith Quteishat
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rana Alsalim
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jacques Royer
- Université Paris Descartes, CNRS, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Dumas
- Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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15
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Chen Z, Gerke T, Bird V, Prosperi M. Trends in Gene Expression Profiling for Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review. Biomed Hub 2017; 2:1-15. [PMID: 31988908 PMCID: PMC6945900 DOI: 10.1159/000472146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study is to review biotechnology advances in gene expression profiling on prostate cancer (PCa), focusing on experimental platform development and gene discovery, in relation to different study designs and outcomes in order to understand how they can be exploited to improve PCa diagnosis and clinical management. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review on gene expression profiling studies through PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science between 2000 and 2016. Tissue biopsy and clinical gene profiling studies with different outcomes (e.g., recurrence, survival) were included. Results Over 3,000 papers were screened and 137 full-text articles were selected. In terms of technology used, microarray is still the most popular technique, increasing from 50 to 70% between 2010 and 2015, but there has been a rise in the number of studies using RNA sequencing (13% in 2015). Sample sizes have increased, as well as the number of genes that can be screened all at once, but we have also observed more focused targeting in more recent studies. Qualitative analysis on the specific genes found associated with PCa risk or clinical outcomes revealed a large variety of gene candidates, with a few consistent cross-studies. Conclusions The last 15 years of research in gene expression in PCa have brought a large volume of data and information that has been decoded only in part, but advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology are increasing the amount of data that can be generated. The variety of findings warrants the execution of both validation studies and meta-analyses. Genetic biomarkers have tremendous potential for early diagnosis of PCa and, if coupled with other diagnostics (e.g., imaging), can effectively be used to concretize less-invasive, personalized prediction of PCa risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyi Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Victoria Bird
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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16
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Silva MP, Barros-Silva JD, Ersvær E, Kildal W, Hveem TS, Pradhan M, Vieira J, Teixeira MR, Danielsen HE. Cancer Prognosis Defined by the Combined Analysis of 8q, PTEN and ERG. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:575-582. [PMID: 27916292 PMCID: PMC5143339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Overtreatment is a major concern in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined prognostic role of three frequent molecular alterations in prostate cancer, namely relative 8q gain, ERG overexpression, and loss of PTEN expression, in a series of 136 patients with prostate cancer treated with prostatectomy and with a long follow-up. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to detect the relative copy number of 8q and immunohistochemistry was used for quantitative assessment of ERG and PTEN expression. During a median follow-up period of 117.8 months, 66 (49%) patients had disease recurrence. Relative 8q gain, ERG overexpression, and loss of PTEN expression were observed in 18%, 56%, and 33% of the cases, respectively. No association with patient recurrence-free survival was found for relative 8q gain or ERG overexpression on their own, whereas loss of PTEN expression was associated with worse recurrence-free survival (P=.006). Interestingly, in the subgroup of patients with normal PTEN expression, we found that the combined relative 8q gain/ERG overexpression is associated with high risk of recurrence (P=.008), suggesting that alternative mechanisms exist for progression into clinically aggressive disease. Additionally, in intermediate-risk patients with normal PTEN expression in their tumors, the combination of 8q gain/ERG overexpression was associated with a poor recurrence-free survival (P<.001), thus indicating independent prognostic value. This study shows that the combined analysis of 8q, ERG and PTEN contributes to an improved clinical outcome stratification of prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - João D Barros-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Elin Ersvær
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wanja Kildal
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tarjei Sveinsgjerd Hveem
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0310 Oslo, Norway
| | - Manohar Pradhan
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joana Vieira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Cancer Genetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal; Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Håvard E Danielsen
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Cancer Biomedicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0310 Oslo, Norway; Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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17
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Marriott AS, Vasieva O, Fang Y, Copeland NA, McLennan AG, Jones NJ. NUDT2 Disruption Elevates Diadenosine Tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and Down-Regulates Immune Response and Cancer Promotion Genes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154674. [PMID: 27144453 PMCID: PMC4856261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression is one of several roles proposed for the stress-induced nucleotide diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A). We have examined this directly by a comparative RNA-Seq analysis of KBM-7 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells and KBM-7 cells in which the NUDT2 Ap4A hydrolase gene had been disrupted (NuKO cells), causing a 175-fold increase in intracellular Ap4A. 6,288 differentially expressed genes were identified with P < 0.05. Of these, 980 were up-regulated and 705 down-regulated in NuKO cells with a fold-change ≥ 2. Ingenuity® Pathway Analysis (IPA®) was used to assign these genes to known canonical pathways and functional networks. Pathways associated with interferon responses, pattern recognition receptors and inflammation scored highly in the down-regulated set of genes while functions associated with MHC class II antigens were prominent among the up-regulated genes, which otherwise showed little organization into major functional gene sets. Tryptophan catabolism was also strongly down-regulated as were numerous genes known to be involved in tumor promotion in other systems, with roles in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Conversely, some pro-apoptotic genes were up-regulated. Major upstream factors predicted by IPA® for gene down-regulation included NFκB, STAT1/2, IRF3/4 and SP1 but no major factors controlling gene up-regulation were identified. Potential mechanisms for gene regulation mediated by Ap4A and/or NUDT2 disruption include binding of Ap4A to the HINT1 co-repressor, autocrine activation of purinoceptors by Ap4A, chromatin remodeling, effects of NUDT2 loss on transcript stability, and inhibition of ATP-dependent regulatory factors such as protein kinases by Ap4A. Existing evidence favors the last of these as the most probable mechanism. Regardless, our results suggest that the NUDT2 protein could be a novel cancer chemotherapeutic target, with its inhibition potentially exerting strong anti-tumor effects via multiple pathways involving metastasis, invasion, immunosuppression and apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dinucleoside Phosphates/metabolism
- Down-Regulation
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/deficiency
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S. Marriott
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Olga Vasieva
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Department of Functional and Comparative Genomics, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
| | - Nikki A. Copeland
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander G. McLennan
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AGM); (NJJ)
| | - Nigel J. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AGM); (NJJ)
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18
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Prognostic value of ERG, PTEN, CRISP3 and SPINK1 in predicting biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:3621-3630. [PMID: 27284364 PMCID: PMC4887942 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The established prognostic factors associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma are the Gleason score, pathological T staging and serum prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) level. However, these prognostic factors alone are not sufficient for predicting prognostic characteristics, including early stage or advanced prostate cancer, presence of metastasis or disease-related mortality. The purpose of the present study was to simultaneously evaluate the prognostic value and associations of four biomarkers, namely, transcriptional regulator ERG (ERG), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP3) and serine protease inhibitor Kazal type I (SPINK1), and to conduct risk stratification of prostate cancer for use in patient management. A total of 68 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, prostate cancer samples from radical prostatectomies were obtained in the Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) and were studied immunohistochemically for ERG, PTEN, CRISP3 and SPINK1 to determine the proportion and intensity of staining. SPINK1 expression was mutually exclusive of ERG expression (P=0.001). The loss of PTEN and high CRISP3 expression are unfavorable indicators for prostate cancer, as PTEN loss was associated with shorter biochemical recurrence (BCR) (P=0.039), and high CRISP3 expression was associated with increased BCR (P<0.001) and cancer-related mortalities (P=0.011). Using the combination of low PTEN and high CRISP3 expression enables attention to be focused on patients who exhibit a poor prognosis. Subgrouping of patients, into high-risk and low-risk categories, was correlated with BCR-free survival in prostate cancer upon multivariate analysis (P=0.030). Overall, low PTEN and high CRISP3 expression significantly characterize the subgroups of prostate cancer that have a poor prognosis for BCR.
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19
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ERG expression in prostate cancer: biological relevance and clinical implication. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:1781-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 plays a role in prostate cancer cell invasion and affects expression of PSA and ANXA1. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:11-21. [PMID: 26369530 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2564-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) is upregulated in prostate cancer as compared to the normal prostate tissue. Higher expression of CRISP-3 has been linked to poor prognosis and hence it has been thought to act as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer. It is proposed to have a role in innate immunity but its role in prostate cancer is still unknown. In order to understand its function, its expression was stably knocked down in LNCaP cells. CRISP-3 knockdown did not affect cell viability but resulted in reduced invasiveness. Global gene expression changes upon CRISP-3 knockdown were identified by microarray analysis. Microarray data were quantitatively validated by evaluating the expression of seven candidate genes in three independent stable clones. Functional annotation of the differentially expressed genes identified cell adhesion, cell motility, and ion transport to be affected among other biological processes. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA, also known as Kallikrein 3) was the top most downregulated gene whose expression was also validated at protein level. Interestingly, expression of Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a known anti-inflammatory protein, was upregulated upon CRISP-3 knockdown. Re-introduction of CRISP-3 into the knockdown clone reversed the effect on invasiveness and also led to increased PSA expression. These results suggest that overexpression of CRISP-3 in prostate tumor may maintain higher PSA expression and lower ANXA1 expression. Our data also indicate that poor prognosis associated with higher CRISP-3 expression could be due to its role in cell invasion.
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21
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Brooks JD, Wei W, Hawley S, Auman H, Newcomb L, Boyer H, Fazli L, Simko J, Hurtado-Coll A, Troyer DA, Carroll PR, Gleave M, Lance R, Lin DW, Nelson PS, Thompson IM, True LD, Feng Z, McKenney JK. Evaluation of ERG and SPINK1 by Immunohistochemical Staining and Clinicopathological Outcomes in a Multi-Institutional Radical Prostatectomy Cohort of 1067 Patients. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132343. [PMID: 26172920 PMCID: PMC4501723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing between patients with early stage, screen detected prostate cancer who must be treated from those that can be safely watched has become a major issue in prostate cancer care. Identification of molecular subtypes of prostate cancer has opened the opportunity for testing whether biomarkers that characterize these subtypes can be used as biomarkers of prognosis. Two established molecular subtypes are identified by high expression of the ERG oncoprotein, due to structural DNA alterations that encode for fusion transcripts in approximately ½ of prostate cancers, and over-expression of SPINK1, which is purportedly found only in ERG-negative tumors. We used a multi-institutional prostate cancer tissue microarray constructed from radical prostatectomy samples with associated detailed clinical data and with rigorous selection of recurrent and non-recurrent cases to test the prognostic value of immunohistochemistry staining results for the ERG and SPINK1 proteins. In univariate analysis, ERG positive cases (419/1067; 39%) were associated with lower patient age, pre-operative serum PSA levels, lower Gleason scores (≤3+4=7) and improved recurrence free survival (RFS). On multivariate analysis, ERG status was not correlated with RFS, disease specific survival (DSS) or overall survival (OS). High-level SPINK1 protein expression (33/1067 cases; 3%) was associated with improved RFS on univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Over-expression of either protein was not associated with clinical outcome. While expression of ERG and SPINK1 proteins was inversely correlated, it was not mutually exclusive since 3 (0.28%) cases showed high expression of both. While ERG and SPINK1 appear to identify discrete molecular subtypes of prostate cancer, only high expression of SPINK1 was associated with improved clinical outcome. However, by themselves, neither ERG nor SPINK1 appear to be useful biomarkers for prognostication of early stage prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Wei Wei
- The Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah Hawley
- Canary Foundation, Canary Center at Stanford, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Heidi Auman
- Canary Foundation, Canary Center at Stanford, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Newcomb
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hilary Boyer
- The Prostate Center at Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Prostate Center at Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jeff Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Antonio Hurtado-Coll
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dean A. Troyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Pathology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Peter R. Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Martin Gleave
- The Prostate Center at Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Raymond Lance
- Department of Urology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lawrence D. True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ziding Feng
- The Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jesse K. McKenney
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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22
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Nassar D, Latil M, Boeckx B, Lambrechts D, Blanpain C. Genomic landscape of carcinogen-induced and genetically induced mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Med 2015; 21:946-54. [PMID: 26168291 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of cancers are routinely used to study cancer biology. However, it remains unclear whether carcinogenesis in mice is driven by the same spectrum of genomic alterations found in humans. Here we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer, the most commonly used skin cancer model, which appears as benign papillomas that progress into squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). We also studied genetically induced SCCs that expressed G12D mutant Kras (Kras G12D) but were deficient for p53. Using whole-exome sequencing, we uncovered a characteristic mutational signature of DMBA-induced SCCs. We found that the vast majority of DMBA-induced SCCs presented recurrent mutations in Hras, Kras or Rras2 and mutations in several additional putative oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Similar genes were recurrently mutated in mouse and human SCCs that were from different organs or had been exposed to different carcinogens. Invasive SCCs, but not papillomas, presented substantial chromosomal aberrations, especially in DMBA-induced and genetically induced Trp53-mutated SCCs. Metastasis occurred through sequential spreading, with relatively few additional genetic events. This study provides a framework for future functional cancer genomic studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Nassar
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Latil
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- 1] Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie VIB, Leuven, Belgium. [2] Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- 1] Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie VIB, Leuven, Belgium. [2] Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- 1] Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. [2] WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium
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Kim SH, Kim SH, Joung JY, Lee GK, Hong EK, Kang KM, Yu A, Nam BH, Chung J, Seo HK, Park WS, Lee KH. Overexpression of ERG and Wild-Type PTEN Are Associated with Favorable Clinical Prognosis and Low Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122498. [PMID: 25897494 PMCID: PMC4405492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of two commonly altered genes ERG and PTEN in prostate cancer (PC) and evaluate their prognostic significance. Despite conflicting published results, TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion and PTEN loss are generally considered unfavorable markers for PC progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of the 762 prostatic adenocarcinoma specimens obtained from radical prostatectomy, 613 without neoadjuvant hormone therapy were included in tissue microarrays for quantitatively assessment of ERG and PTEN expression via immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis of the association between such expression and clinicopathological parameters, including clinical prognosis, was performed with a p-value of <0.05 considered significant. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 44.0 months, 132 (21.5%) patients developed biochemical recurrence (BCR). ERG overexpression and PTEN loss were observed in 145 (23.7%) and 253 (41.3%) cases, respectively. BCR-free survival was significantly better in patients with ERG overexpression (p=0.005), but unfavorable among those with PTEN loss (p=0.142). Sub-group analysis revealed that patients with PTEN loss and negative ERG expression had the worst BCR-free survival outcome (p=0.021). Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified prostate-specific antigen level (≥10 ng/mL), Gleason score (>6), pathologic T stage (≥T3), positive surgical margin, and extraprostatic capsule extension as significant risk factors for BCR (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ERG overexpression was associated with favorable BCR-free survival after radical prostatectomy for PC, whereas PTEN loss was with unfavorable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Soo Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Severance Hospital, Seoul
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Geon Kook Lee
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Hong
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kang
- Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ami Yu
- Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Byung Ho Nam
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jinsoo Chung
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Seo
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Weon Seo Park
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Center for Prostate cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (KHL); (WSP)
| | - Kang Hyun Lee
- Department of Urology, Center for Prostate Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- * E-mail: (KHL); (WSP)
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Wang Y, Dai B. PTEN genomic deletion defines favorable prognostic biomarkers in localized prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:5430-5437. [PMID: 26131120 PMCID: PMC4483905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED PTEN (10q23.3) is a negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3)/Akt survival pathway and a tumor suppressor frequently deleted in prostate cancer. PTEN genomic deletion is among the most common genetic aberrations in human prostate cancer. At present, the prognostic value of PTEN genomic deletion is unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association between PTEN genomic deletion and a higher Gleason score or a higher possibility of capsular penetration. A comprehensive, computerized literature search of PubMed was carried out until May 27, 2014. Studies were included according to specific inclusion criteria. Pooled hazard ratio was estimated using the fixed effects model or random effects model according to heterogeneity between studies. Seven eligible studies meeting the specific inclusion criteria were selected for further analysis; all were retrospective studies. Overall meta-analysis demonstrated that PTEN genomic deletion was associated with a higher Gleason score (OR 0.319; 95% confidence interval: 0.153-0.666; P = 0.000) and a higher possibility of capsular penetration (OR 0.393; 95% confidence interval: 0.185-0.837; P = 0.015). None of the studies materially altered the original results and no evidence of publication bias was found. CONCLUSION PTEN genomic deletion in operable localized prostate cancer indicates a higher Gleason score and a higher probability of capsular penetration, indicating a worse prognosis. Further studies should be conducted in order to investigate the effect of PTEN genomic deletion on clinical outcomes in different histological types of prostate cancer or its function in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 20032, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 20032, China
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