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Zhang YY, Mao HM, Wei CG, Chen T, Zhao WL, Chen LY, Shen JK, Guo WL. Development and Validation of a Biparametric MRI Deep Learning Radiomics Model with Clinical Characteristics for Predicting Perineural Invasion in Patients with Prostate Cancer. Acad Radiol 2024:S1076-6332(24)00447-1. [PMID: 39043515 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Perineural invasion (PNI) is an important prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive model integrating biparametric MRI-based deep learning radiomics and clinical characteristics for the non-invasive prediction of PNI in patients with PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective study, 557 PCa patients who underwent preoperative MRI and radical prostatectomy were recruited and randomly divided into the training and the validation cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. Clinical model for predicting PNI was constructed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses on various clinical indicators, followed by logistic regression. Radiomics and deep learning methods were used to develop different MRI-based radiomics and deep learning models. Subsequently, the clinical, radiomics, and deep learning signatures were combined to develop the integrated deep learning-radiomics-clinical model (DLRC). The performance of the models was assessed by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and precision-recall (PR) curves, as well as calculating the area under the ROC and PR curves (ROC-AUC and PR-AUC). The calibration curve and decision curve were used to evaluate the model's goodness of fit and clinical benefit. RESULTS The DLRC model demonstrated the highest performance in both the training and the validation cohorts, with ROC-AUCs of 0.914 and 0.848, respectively, and PR-AUCs of 0.948 and 0.926, respectively. The DLRC model showed good calibration and clinical benefit in both cohorts. CONCLUSION The DLRC model, which integrated clinical, radiomics, and deep learning signatures, can serve as a robust tool for predicting PNI in patients with PCa, thus aiding in developing effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China; Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Hui-Min Mao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China
| | - Chao-Gang Wei
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Wen-Lu Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Liang-Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Jun-Kang Shen
- Department of Radiology, Second Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Wan-Liang Guo
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215025, China.
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Zhang B, Wang S, Fu Z, Gao Q, Yang L, Lei Z, Shi Y, Le K, Xiong J, Liu S, Zhang J, Su J, Chen J, Liu M, Niu B. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intratumoral heterogeneity and potential mechanisms of malignant progression in prostate cancer with perineural invasion. Front Genet 2023; 13:1073232. [PMID: 36712886 PMCID: PMC9875799 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1073232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer among men worldwide. Perineural invasion (PNI) was a prominent characteristic of PCa, which was recognized as a key factor in promoting PCa progression. As a complex and heterogeneous disease, its true condition is difficult to explain thoroughly with conventional bulk RNA sequencing. Thus, an improved understanding of PNI-PCa progression at the single-cell level is needed. Methods: In this study, we performed scRNAseq on tumor tissues of three PNI-PCa patients. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) were used to reduce dimensionality and visualize the cellular composition of tumor tissues. The differently expressed genes among each cluster were identified by EdgeR. GO enrichment analysis was used to understand the roles of genes within the clusters. Pseudotime cell trajectory was used to reveal the molecular pathways underlying cell fate decisions and identify genes whose expression changed as the cells underwent transition. We applied CellPhoneDB to identify cell-cell interactions among the epithelial and neural cells in PNI-PCa. Results: Analysis of the ∼17,000 single-cell transcriptomes in three PNI prostate cancer tissues, we identified 12 major cell clusters, including neural cells and two epithelial subtypes with different expression profiles. We found that basal/intermediate epithelial cell subtypes highly expressed PCa progression-related genes, including PIGR, MMP7, and AGR2. Pseudotime trajectory analysis showed that luminal epithelial cells could be the initiating cells and transition to based/intermediate cells. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that pathways related to cancer progressions, such as lipid catabolic and fatty acid metabolic processes, were significantly enriched in basal/intermediate cells. Our analysis also suggested that basal/intermediate cells communicate closely with neural cells played a potential role in PNI-PCa progression. Conclusion: These results provide our understanding of PNI-PCa cellular heterogeneity and characterize the potential role of basal/intermediate cells in the PNI-PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Bao Zhang, ; Beifang Niu,
| | - Shenghan Wang
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhichao Fu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentao Lei
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiang Shi
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Le
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Su
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China,Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beifang Niu
- ChosenMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China,Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Bao Zhang, ; Beifang Niu,
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Zhang W, Zhang W, Li X, Cao X, Yang G, Zhang H. Predicting Tumor Perineural Invasion Status in High-Grade Prostate Cancer Based on a Clinical-Radiomics Model Incorporating T2-Weighted and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010086. [PMID: 36612083 PMCID: PMC9817925 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the role of bi-parametric MRI radiomics features in identifying PNI in high-grade PCa and to further develop a combined nomogram with clinical information. METHODS 183 high-grade PCa patients were included in this retrospective study. Tumor regions of interest (ROIs) were manually delineated on T2WI and DWI images. Radiomics features were extracted from lesion area segmented images obtained. Univariate logistic regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method were used for feature selection. A clinical model, a radiomics model, and a combined model were developed to predict PNI positive. Predictive performance was estimated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curves. RESULTS The differential diagnostic efficiency of the clinical model had no statistical difference compared with the radiomics model (area under the curve (AUC) values were 0.766 and 0.823 in the train and test group, respectively). The radiomics model showed better discrimination in both the train cohort and test cohort (train AUC: 0.879 and test AUC: 0.908) than each subcategory image (T2WI train AUC: 0.813 and test AUC: 0.827; DWI train AUC: 0.749 and test AUC: 0.734). The discrimination efficiency improved when combining the radiomics and clinical models (train AUC: 0.906 and test AUC: 0.947). CONCLUSION The model including radiomics signatures and clinical factors can accurately predict PNI positive in high-grade PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Weiting Zhang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaoming Cao
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Intelligent Imaging Big Data and Functional Nano-Imaging Engineering Research Center of Shanxi Province, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-18734198876 (G.Y.); +86-18635580000 (H.Z.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Intelligent Imaging Big Data and Functional Nano-Imaging Engineering Research Center of Shanxi Province, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
- Correspondence: (G.Y.); (H.Z.); Tel.: +86-18734198876 (G.Y.); +86-18635580000 (H.Z.)
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Liu Q, Ma Z, Cao Q, Zhao H, Guo Y, Liu T, Li J. Perineural invasion-associated biomarkers for tumor development. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113691. [PMID: 36095958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is the process of neoplastic invasion of peripheral nerves and is considered to be the fifth mode of cancer metastasis. PNI has been detected in head and neck tumors and pancreatic, prostate, bile duct, gastric, and colorectal cancers. It leads to poor prognostic outcomes and high local recurrence rates. Despite the increasing number of studies on PNI, targeted therapeutic modalities have not been proposed. The identification of PNI-related biomarkers would facilitate the non-invasive and early diagnosis of cancers, the establishment of prognostic panels, and the development of targeted therapeutic approaches. In this review, we compile information on the molecular mediators involved in PNI-associated cancers. The expression and prognostic significance of molecular mediators and their receptors in PNI-associated cancers are analyzed, and the possible mechanisms of action of these mediators in PNI are explored, as well as the association of cells in the microenvironment where PNI occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Education, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Gastroenterology and Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Tongjun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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The Role of Perineural Invasion in Prostate Cancer and Its Prognostic Significance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174065. [PMID: 36077602 PMCID: PMC9454778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men worldwide. Perineural invasion (PNI), the movement of cancer cells along nerves, is a commonly observed approach to tumor spread and is important in both research and clinical practice of prostate cancer. However, despite many studies reporting on molecules and pathways involved in PNI, understanding its clinical relevance remains insufficient. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge of mechanisms and prognostic significance of PNI in prostate cancer, which may provide new perspectives for future studies and improved treatment. Abstract Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common indication of tumor metastasis that can be detected in multiple malignancies, including prostate cancer. In the development of PNI, tumor cells closely interact with the nerve components in the tumor microenvironment and create the perineural niche, which provides a supportive surrounding for their survival and invasion and benefits the nerve cells. Various transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, and their related signaling pathways have been reported to be important in the progress of PNI. Nevertheless, the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of PNI is still very limited. Clinically, PNI is commonly associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters and poor outcomes for prostate cancer patients. However, whether PNI could act as an independent prognostic predictor remains controversial among studies due to inconsistent research aim and endpoint, sample type, statistical methods, and, most importantly, the definition and inclusion criteria. In this review, we provide a summary and comparison of the prognostic significance of PNI in prostate cancer based on existing literature and propose that a more standardized description of PNI would be helpful for a better understanding of its clinical relevance.
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Exosomes Derived from RM-1 Cells Promote the Recruitment of MDSCs into Tumor Microenvironment by Upregulating CXCR4 via TLR2/NF- κB Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:5584406. [PMID: 34659412 PMCID: PMC8519695 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5584406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a critical role in tumor immune escape because of its remarkable immunosuppressive effect. However, the mechanism of MDSCs migrated into tumor microenvironment remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the recruitment of MDSCs can be promoted by exosomes derived from prostate cancer cells, which could upregulate chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) via the TLR2/NF-κB signalling pathway. Flow cytometry detected that the percentage of MDSCs in the mice spleen and tumor tissue was significantly increased after injection with exosomes via mouse tail vein. Transwell chemotaxis assay showed the recruitment of MDSCs toward the lower chamber was enhanced after stimulation with exosomes, and the migration ability could be inhibited by AMD3100 (a CXCR4 specific inhibitor) both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, Western blot and flow cytometry verified a remarkably increase of CXCR4 in MDSCs after incubation with exosomes; meanwhile, the protein level of TLR2 and activation of NF-κB were also strengthened obviously. Nevertheless, after blocking TLR2 by C29 (a TLR2-specific inhibitor), the expression of p-p65 and CXCR4, which were hypothesized as the downstream target of TLR2, was prominently reduced. In conclusion, prostate cancer-derived exosomes could reinforce CXCR4 expression in MDSCs through the TLR2/NF-κB signalling pathway, eventually promoting migration of MDSCs into tumor microenvironment in a CXCR4-CXCL12 axis-dependent manner.
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The Role of the Metzincin Superfamily in Prostate Cancer Progression: A Systematic-Like Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073608. [PMID: 33808504 PMCID: PMC8036576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity in men. Potentially important regulators of prostate cancer progression are members of the metzincin superfamily of proteases, principally through their regulation of the extracellular matrix. It is therefore timely to review the role of the metzincin superfamily in prostate cancer and its progression to better understand their involvement in this disease. A systematic-like search strategy was conducted. Articles that investigated the roles of members of the metzincin superfamily and their key regulators in prostate cancer were included. The extracted articles were synthesized and data presented in tabular and narrative forms. Two hundred and five studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 138 investigated the role of the Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) subgroup, 34 the Membrane-Tethered Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) subgroup, 22 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM) subgroup, 8 the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTS) subgroup and 53 the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases (TIMP) family of regulators, noting that several studies investigated multiple family members. There was clear evidence that specific members of the metzincin superfamily are involved in prostate cancer progression, which can be either in a positive or negative manner. However, further understanding of their mechanisms of action and how they may be used as prognostic indicators or molecular targets is required.
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Maurya RP, Prajapat MK, Singh VP, Roy M, Todi R, Bosak S, Singh SK, Chaudhary S, Kumar A, Morekar SR. Serum Malondialdehyde as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Primary Ocular Carcinoma: Impact on Response to Chemotherapy. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:871-879. [PMID: 33664564 PMCID: PMC7924123 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s287747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of oxidative stress before and after chemotherapy in various ocular malignancies and to correlate its significance with clinicopathological parameters. Methods Thirty two histopathologically confirmed cases of primary ocular malignancies were included in this longitudinal cohort study. Detailed clinicopathological assessment was done. Analysis of serum MDA level in the patient before and after chemotherapy was measured and its prognostic significance was analyzed. Results Maximum cases were of eyelid malignancy (n=18, 56.2%) followed by retinoblastoma (18.8%) and OSSN (6, 18.8%). About 43.75% patients were in the advanced-stage. The tumor was histopathologically well-differentiated in 20 (62.5%) cases. Most common malignancy was sebaceous gland carcinoma of the eyelid (n=10,31.25%). Serum MDA level in patients were significantly higher than controls [5.5712±0.32779 vs 2.5531±0.08056 nmol/mL, p<0.001]. Level was significantly reduced after chemotherapy (4.5146±0.23209 nmol/mL). Serum MDA was maximum in cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (5.9450±0.23335 nmol/mL) and retinoblastoma (5.7433±0.14334 nmol/mL). It was minimum in basal cell carcinoma (5.3775±0.17746 nmol/mL). Pre chemotherapy serum MDA level was significantly higher in patients having larger tumor (>20mm, p< 0.001) and having lymph node metastasis than those without lymph node metastasis [5.8350±0.17113 vs 5.4833± 0.32193 nmol/mL, p<0.006]. No significant difference was observed in post chemotherapy serum MDA level as for as size of tumor (p=0.947) and histopathological differentiation (p=0.109) was concerned. Conclusion The serum MDA level is a potential biomarker in primary ocular carcinoma to assess oxidative stress and its impact on response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prakash Maurya
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Virendra Pratap Singh
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Meghna Roy
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravina Todi
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Bosak
- Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunit Kumar Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sunil Chaudhary
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang W, Li L, Chen N, Niu C, Li Z, Hu J, Cui J. Nerves in the Tumor Microenvironment: Origin and Effects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:601738. [PMID: 33392191 PMCID: PMC7773823 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.601738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have reported the vital role of nerves in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Nerves infiltrate the tumor microenvironment thereby enhancing cancer growth and metastasis. Perineural invasion, a process by which cancer cells invade the surrounding nerves, provides an alternative route for metastasis and generation of tumor-related pain. Moreover, central and sympathetic nervous system dysfunctions and psychological stress-induced hormone network disorders may influence the malignant progression of cancer through multiple mechanisms. This reciprocal interaction between nerves and cancer cells provides novel insights into the cellular and molecular bases of tumorigenesis. In addition, they point to the potential utility of anti-neurogenic therapies. This review describes the evolving cross-talk between nerves and cancer cells, thus uncovers potential therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jifan Hu
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hunt PJ, Kabotyanski KE, Calin GA, Xie T, Myers JN, Amit M. Interrupting Neuron-Tumor Interactions to Overcome Treatment Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3741. [PMID: 33322770 PMCID: PMC7762969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the tumor microenvironment release neurotransmitters, neuroligins, chemokines, soluble growth factors, and membrane-bound growth factors that solid tumors leverage to drive their own survival and spread. Tumors express nerve-specific growth factors and microRNAs that support local neurons and guide neuronal growth into tumors. The development of feed-forward relationships between tumors and neurons allows tumors to use the perineural space as a sanctuary from therapy. Tumor denervation slows tumor growth in animal models, demonstrating the innervation dependence of growing tumors. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments have identified many of the secreted signaling molecules (e.g., acetylcholine, nerve growth factor) that are passed between neurons and cancer cells, as well as the major signaling pathways (e.g., MAPK/EGFR) involved in these trophic interactions. The molecules involved in these signaling pathways serve as potential biomarkers of disease. Additionally, new treatment strategies focus on using small molecules, receptor agonists, nerve-specific toxins, and surgical interventions to target tumors, neurons, and immune cells of the tumor microenvironment, thereby severing the interactions between tumors and surrounding neurons. This article discusses the mechanisms underlying the trophic relationships formed between neurons and tumors and explores the emerging therapies stemming from this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Hunt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.J.H.); (K.E.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katherine E. Kabotyanski
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.J.H.); (K.E.K.)
| | - George A. Calin
- Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Tongxin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.X.); (J.N.M.)
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.X.); (J.N.M.)
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (T.X.); (J.N.M.)
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Shi Y, Riese DJ, Shen J. The Role of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 Chemokine Axis in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:574667. [PMID: 33363463 PMCID: PMC7753359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.574667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small, secreted cytokines which regulate a variety of cell functions. The C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) binds to C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7). The interaction of CXCL12 and its receptors subsequently induces downstream signaling pathways with broad effects on chemotaxis, cell proliferation, migration, and gene expression. Accumulating evidence suggests that the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis plays a pivotal role in tumor development, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. In addition, this chemokine axis promotes chemoresistance in cancer therapy via complex crosstalk with other pathways. Multiple small molecules targeting CXCR4/CXCR7 have been developed and used for preclinical and clinical cancer treatment. In this review, we describe the roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in cancer progression and summarize strategies to develop novel targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Gregory E, Dugan R, David G, Song YH. The biology and engineered modeling strategies of cancer-nerve crosstalk. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188406. [PMID: 32827578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A recent finding critical to cancer aggravation is the interaction between cancer cells and nerves. There exist two main modes of cancer-nerve interaction: perineural invasion (PNI) and tumor innervation. PNI occurs when cancer cells infiltrate the adjacent nerves, and its relative opposite, tumor innervation, occurs when axons extend into tumor bodies. Like most cancer studies, these crosstalk interactions have mostly been observed in patient samples and animal models at this point, making it difficult to understand the mechanisms in a controlled manner. As such, in recent years in vitro studies have emerged that have helped identify various microenvironmental factors responsible for cancer-nerve crosstalk, including but not limited to neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, chemokines, cancer-derived exosomes, and Schwann cells. The versatility of in vitro systems warrants continuous development to increase physiological relevance to study PNI and tumor innervation, for example by utilizing biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Despite the wealth of 3D in vitro cancer models, comparatively there exists a lack of 3D in vitro models of nerve, PNI, and tumor innervation. Native-like 3D in vitro models of cancer-nerve interactions may further help develop therapeutic strategies to curb nerve-mediated cancer aggravation. As such, we provide an overview of the key players of cancer-nerve crosstalk and current in vitro models of the crosstalk, as well as cancer and nerve models. We also discuss a few future directions in cancer-nerve crosstalk research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emory Gregory
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America.
| | - Reagan Dugan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America.
| | - Gabriel David
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America.
| | - Young Hye Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States of America.
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13
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Zhang J, Fu X, Liu D, Yang M, Yang J, Huo Y, Liu W, Hua R, Sun Y, Wang J. Molecular markers associated with perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:5. [PMID: 32774479 PMCID: PMC7405440 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is a prominent characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PNI is associated with tumor progression, local recurrence and neuropathic pain; therefore, the identification of biomarkers associated with PNI may be beneficial in assessing the prognosis for patients with PDAC. Using an in vivo model of PNI, five pancreatic cancer cell lines (PANC-1, CFPAC-1, CAPAN-2, SW1990 and ASPC-1) were divided into two groups: High-(comprising PANC-1, CFPAC-1 and CAPAN-2) and low PNI (comprising SW1990 and ASPC-1). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified using the GSE26088 dataset, and were regarded as PNI-associated genes. A total of 445 DEGs associated with PNI (fold change >1.5 or <0.66; P<0.05) were identified, which included 176 up- and 269 downregulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis and function annotation were performed, and the NetworkAnalyst database was used for protein-protein interaction network analysis to identify hub genes. A total of 20 hub genes (gene degree, ≥6) were identified. PNI was associated with the function ‘chemokine signaling pathway’. The DEGs and hub genes were validated using the GSE102238 dataset and clinical tissue microarrays. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and catenin α 2 were demonstrated to be associated with PNI using the GSE102238 dataset. Furthermore, clinical tissue microarray analysis demonstrated that FGF2 was associated with PNI and poor prognosis. The present study provided a potential method for the reliable identification of PNI-associated genes, although further investigation is required to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Xueliang Fu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Dejun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Minwei Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jianyu Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yanmiao Huo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Yongwei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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14
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Hao Q, Vadgama JV, Wang P. CCL2/CCR2 signaling in cancer pathogenesis. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:82. [PMID: 32471499 PMCID: PMC7257158 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small cytokines, which guide a variety of immune/inflammatory cells to the site of tumor in tumorigenesis. A dysregulated expression of chemokines is implicated in different types of cancer including prostate cancer. The progression and metastasis of prostate cancer involve a complex network of chemokines that regulate the recruitment and trafficking of immune cells. The chemokine CCL2 and its main receptor CCR2 have been receiving particular interest on their roles in cancer pathogenesis. The up-regulation of CCL2/CCR2 and varied immune conditions in prostate cancer, are associated with cancer advancement, metastasis, and relapse. Here we reviewed recent findings, which link CCL2/CCR2 to the inflammation and cancer pathogenesis, and discussed the therapeutic potential of CCL2/CCR2 axis in cancer treatment based on results from our group and other investigators, with a major focus on prostate cancer. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Hao
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jaydutt V Vadgama
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Piwen Wang
- Division of Cancer Research and Training, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Center for Human Nutrition, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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15
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March B, Faulkner S, Jobling P, Steigler A, Blatt A, Denham J, Hondermarck H. Tumour innervation and neurosignalling in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:119-130. [PMID: 31937919 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-019-0274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer progression has been shown to be dependent on the development of autonomic nerves into the tumour microenvironment. Sympathetic nerves activate adrenergic neurosignalling that is necessary in early stages of tumour progression and for initiating an angiogenic switch, whereas parasympathetic nerves activate cholinergic neurosignalling resulting in tumour dissemination and metastasis. The innervation of prostate cancer seems to be initiated by neurotrophic growth factors, such as the precursor to nerve growth factor secreted by tumour cells, and the contribution of brain-derived neural progenitor cells has also been reported. Current experimental, epidemiological and clinical evidence shows the stimulatory effect of tumour innervation and neurosignalling in prostate cancer. Using nerves and neurosignalling could have value in the management of prostate cancer by predicting aggressive disease, treating localized disease through denervation and relieving cancer-associated pain in bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayden March
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam Faulkner
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip Jobling
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Allison Steigler
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Newcastle Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Blatt
- Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Denham
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Newcastle Calvary Mater Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, NSW, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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16
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Wang J, Chen D, Song W, Liu Z, Ma W, Li X, Zhang C, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Cao W, Qi L. ATP6L promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:477-488. [PMID: 31840304 PMCID: PMC7004526 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP6L, the C subunit of the V-ATPase V0 domain, is involved in regulating the acidic tumor micro-environment and may promote tumor progression. However, the expression and functional role of ATP6L in tumors have not yet been well explored. In this study, we found that ATP6L protein overexpression was related to colorectal cancer histological differentiation (P < 0.001), presence of metastasis (P < 0.001) and recurrence (P = 0.02). ATP6L expression in the liver metastatic foci was higher than in the primary foci (P = 0.04). ATP6L expression was notably concomitant with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) immunohistochemical features, such as reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin (P = 0.021) and increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin (P = 0.004). Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ATP6L expression could alter cell morphology, regulate EMT-associated protein expression, and enhance migration and invasion. The effect of ATP6L on metastasis was further demonstrated in a tail vein injection mice model. In addition, the mouse xenograft model showed that ATP6L-overexpressing HCT116 cells grew into larger tumor masses, showed less necrosis and formed more micro-vessels than the control cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ATP6L promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by inducing EMT and angiogenesis, and is a potential target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wangzhao Song
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- Department of Breast Imaging, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenfeng Cao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy,Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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17
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Kam JH, Weinrich TW, Shinhmar H, Powner MB, Roberts NW, Aboelnour A, Jeffery G. Fundamental differences in patterns of retinal ageing between primates and mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12574. [PMID: 31467395 PMCID: PMC6715671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptors have high metabolic demands and age rapidly, undermining visual function. We base our understanding mainly on ageing mice where elevated inflammation, extracellular deposition, including that of amyloid beta, and rod and cone photoreceptor loss occur, but cones are not lost in ageing primate although their function declines, revealing that primate and mouse age differently. We examine ageing primate retinae and show elevated stress but low inflammation. However, aged primates have a >70% reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and a decrease in cytochrome c oxidase. There is a shift in cone mitochondrial positioning and glycolytic activity increases. Bruch’s membrane thickens but unlike in mice, amyloid beta is absent. Hence, reduced ATP may explain cone functional decline in ageing but their retained presence offers the possibility of functional restoration if they can be fuelled appropriately to restore cellular function. This is important because as humans we largely depend on cone function to see and are rarely fully dark adapted. Presence of limited aged inflammation and amyloid beta deposition question some of the therapeutic approaches taken to resolve problems of retinal ageing in humans and the possible lack of success in clinical trials in macular degeneration that have targeted inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Hoh Kam
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V9EL, London, UK
| | - Tobias W Weinrich
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V9EL, London, UK
| | - Harpreet Shinhmar
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V9EL, London, UK
| | - Michael B Powner
- City, University of London, Centre of Applied Vision Research, EC1V0HB, London, UK
| | - Nicholas W Roberts
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, BS8 1TQ, Bristol, UK
| | - Asmaa Aboelnour
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Glen Jeffery
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology, EC1V9EL, London, UK.
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18
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Liu N, Wan Q, Cheng Z, Chen Y. Radionuclide-Labeled Peptides for Imaging and Treatment of CXCR4- Overexpressing Malignant Tumors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:17-32. [PMID: 30706786 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190201094952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors are a major cause of death. The lack of methods that provide an early diagnosis and adequate treatment of cancers is the main obstacle to precision medicine. The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed in various tumors and plays a key role in tumor pathogenesis. Therefore, CXCR4-targeted molecular imaging can quickly and accurately detect and quantify CXCR4 abnormalities in real time. The expression level and activation status of CXCR4 are very important for screening susceptible populations and providing an accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. In view of the fact that radionuclide-labeled peptides have become widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, this manuscript reviews the potential of different radionuclide-labeled peptide inhibitors for the targeted imaging of CXCR4- positive tumors and targeted treatment. The article also discusses the specificity and in vivo distribution of radionuclide-labeled peptide inhibitors, and translation of these inhibitors to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, 1201 Welch Road, Lucas Expansion, P095 Stanford University, California, United States
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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19
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Tian ZH, Yuan C, Yang K, Gao XL. Systematic identification of key genes and pathways in clear cell renal cell carcinoma on bioinformatics analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:89. [PMID: 31019939 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common subtype of adult renal neoplasm and has a poor prognosis owing to a limited understanding of the disease mechanisms. The aim of this study was to explore and identify the key genes and signaling pathways in ccRCC. Methods The GSE36895 gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then screened using software packages in R. After Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed with Cytoscape software, and submodules were subsequently analyzed using the MCODE plug-in. Results Twenty-nine ccRCC samples and 23 normal samples were incorporated into this study, and a total of 468 DEGs were filtered, consisting of 180 upregulated genes and 288 downregulated genes. The upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the immune response, response to wounding, inflammatory response, and response to hypoxia, whereas downregulated genes were mainly enriched in ion transport, anion transport, and monovalent inorganic cation transport biological processes (BPs). According to Molecular Complex Detection analysis in PPI, C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CCND1 and EGF had higher degrees of connectivity and could participate in the majority of important pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, the chemokine signaling pathway, and the complement and coagulation cascade pathways. Conclusions Our study suggests that C1QA, C1QB, C1QC, CCND1 and EGF may play key roles in the progression of ccRCC, which will be useful for future studies on the underlying mechanisms of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Tian
- Medical Department, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Cheng Yuan
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xing-Liang Gao
- Department of Lung Disease and Diabetes, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, Enshi 445000, China.,Enshi Prefecture Central Hospital Affiliated to Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
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20
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Ayla Ş, Öktem G, Parlayan C. ZNF304 gen ifadesinde artış ve CXCR4’de azalma ile prostat kanserinde anoikis değişebilir. EGE TIP DERGISI 2019. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.418162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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21
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Tupurani MA, Padala C, Puranam K, Galimudi RK, Kupsal K, Shyamala N, Gantala S, Kummari R, Chinta SK, Hanumanth SR. Association of CYBA gene (-930 A/G and 242 C/T) polymorphisms with oxidative stress in breast cancer: a case-control study. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5509. [PMID: 30310735 PMCID: PMC6174867 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress (OS) is a key characteristic feature in cancer initiation and progression. Among multiple cancers, NADPH oxidase (NOX) dependent free radical production is implicated in oxidative stress. P22phox, a subunit of NADPH oxidase encoded by the CYBA gene has functional polymorphisms associated with various complex diseases. The present study was aimed to examine the importance and association of the functional polymorphisms of CYBA gene (-930 A/G and 242 C/T) with the oxidative stress in breast cancer (BC) development and progression. Materials and Methods We have performed a case-control study on 300 breast cancer patients and 300 healthy individuals as controls to examine the role of CYBA gene -930 A/G and 242 C/T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using As-PCR and PCR-RFLP assays and its association with OS as measured by plasma MDA levels. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) plots were generated using Haploviewtool and Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was applied to assess high-order interactions between the SNPs. The Insilco analysis has been performed to predict the effect of SNPs on the gene regulation using online tools. Results We have found that genotype frequencies of CYBA gene -930 A/G and 242C/T polymorphism were significantly different between controls and BC patients (p < 0.05). The haplotype combination -930G/242C and -930G/242T were associated with 1.44 & 1.56 folds increased risk for breast cancer respectively. Further, the MDA levels were higher in the patients carrying -930G/242C and -930G/242T haplotype (p < 0.001). Our results have been substantiated by Insilco analysis. Conclusion Results of the present study suggest that GG genotype of -930 A/G polymorphism, -930G/242C and -930G/242T haplotypes of CYBA gene polymorphisms have shown association with higher MDA levels in breast cancer patients, signify that elevated oxidative stress might aid in increased risk for breast cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini A Tupurani
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chiranjeevi Padala
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kaushik Puranam
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajesh K Galimudi
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Keerthi Kupsal
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nivas Shyamala
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srilatha Gantala
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramanjaneyulu Kummari
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sanjeeva K Chinta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MNJ Institute of Oncology Regional Cancer Center, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Surekha R Hanumanth
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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22
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Paudyal P, Xie Q, Vaddi PK, Henry MD, Chen S. Inhibiting G protein βγ signaling blocks prostate cancer progression and enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36067-36081. [PMID: 28415604 PMCID: PMC5482639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is implicated in prostate cancer progression, but targeting them has been challenging because multiple GPCRs are involved in cancer progression. In this study, we tested the effect of blocking signaling via a hub through which multiple GPCRs converge — the G-protein Gβγ subunits. Inhibiting Gβγ signaling in several castration-resistant prostate cancer cell lines (i.e. PC3, DU145 and 22Rv1), impaired cell growth and migration in vitro, and halted tumor growth and metastasis in nude mice. The blockade of Gβγ signaling also diminished prostate cancer stem cell-like activities, by reducing tumorsphere formation in vitro and tumor formation in a limiting dilution assay in nude mice. Furthermore, Gβγ blockade enhanced the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to paclitaxel treatment, both in vitro and in vivo. Together, our results identify a novel function of Gβγ in regulating prostate cancer stem-cell-like activities, and demonstrate that targeting Gβγ signaling is an effective approach in blocking prostate cancer progression and augmenting response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Paudyal
- The Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qing Xie
- The Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Prasanna Kuma Vaddi
- The Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael D Henry
- The Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Department of Urology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Songhai Chen
- The Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.,The Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Zhang M, Zhu ZL, Gao XL, Wu JS, Liang XH, Tang YL. Functions of chemokines in the perineural invasion of tumors (Review). Int J Oncol 2018. [PMID: 29532850 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The perineural invasion (PNI) of malignant tumors is a form of tumor progression in which cancer cells encroach along nerves. PNI hinders curative resection. Residual tumor cells in or around nerves can bring about local recurrence, infiltration and metastasis. This behavior is usually associated with a poor clinical prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate novel ligand-receptor crosstalk between nerves and tumor cells that promote the process of PNI. Chemokines are regarded as one of pivotal factors involved in the process of PNI. The present review collates information provided by previous studies with regard to the role of chemokines in PNI. The study presents a definition of PNI in cancer, generalizes the biological characteristics and the expression of chemokines and their receptors in cancer types associated with PNI, and discusses the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemokines, the reciprocal interactions between chemokines and other factors in PNI, and the interconnectivity of the microenvironment and chemokines. The aim of the review is to thoroughly illustrate the molecular cues of chemokines in cancer with PNI and to identify novel antitumor targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Shun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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24
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Chang HC, Huang PH, Syu FS, Hsieh CH, Chang SLY, Lu J, Chen HC. Critical involvement of atypical chemokine receptor CXCR7 in allergic airway inflammation. Immunology 2018; 154:274-284. [PMID: 29250768 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trafficking and recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation with spatial and temporal synchronization is crucial for the development of allergic airway inflammation. Particularly, chemokines are known to be key players in these processes. Previous studies revealed that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in regulating allergic airway inflammation. However, the role of CXCR7, a recently discovered second receptor for CXCL12, in regulating airway inflammation has not been explored. Initially, CXCR7 was considered as a decoy receptor; however, numerous subsequent studies revealed that engagement of CXCR7 triggered its own signalling or modulated CXCR4-mediated signalling. In the present study, we detected the expression of CXCR7 in airway epithelial cells. Use of a lentiviral delivery system to knock down the expression of CXCR7 in the lung of sensitized mice abrogated the cardinal features of asthma, indicating that CXCR7 plays a role in regulating allergic airway inflammation. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling in response to CXCL12 in the mouse epithelial cell line MLE-12 was reduced when CXCR7 expression was knocked down. However, either knockdown or overexpression of CXCR7 in MLE-12 did not affect CXCL12-mediated calcium influx, indicating that CXCR7 does not modulate CXCR4-mediated signalling, and that it functions as a signalling receptor rather than a decoy receptor. Finally, we found that the expression of chemokine CCL2 is regulated by CXCR7/CXCL12-mediated signalling through β-arrestin in airway epithelial cells. Hence, regulating the expression of CCL2 in airway epithelial cells may be one mechanism by which CXCR7 participates in regulating allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sheng Syu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sunny Li-Yun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jean Lu
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Genomics Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Programme, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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25
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Nazari A, Khorramdelazad H, Hassanshahi G. Biological/pathological functions of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axes in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 22:991-1000. [PMID: 29022185 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) is an important member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines, and has been extensively studied in various human body organs and systems, both in physiological and clinical states. Ligation of CXCL12 to CXCR4 and CXCR7 as its receptors on peripheral immune cells gives rise to pleiotropic activities. CXCL12 itself is a highly effective chemoattractant which conservatively attracts lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas there exists no evidence to show attraction for neutrophils. CXCL12 regulates inflammation, neo-vascularization, metastasis, and tumor growth, phenomena which are all pivotally involved in cancer development and further metastasis. Generation and secretion of CXCL12 by stromal cells facilitate attraction of cancer cells, acting through its cognate receptor, CXCR4, which is expressed by both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic tumor cells. CXCR4 stimulates tumor progression by different mechanisms and is required for metastatic spread to organs where CXCL12 is expressed, thereby allowing tumor cells to access cellular niches, such as the marrow, which favor tumor cell survival and proliferation. It has also been demonstrated that CXCL12 binds to another seven-transmembrane G-protein receptor or G-protein-coupled receptor, namely CXCR7. These studies indicated critical roles for CXCR4 and CXCR7 mediation of tumor metastasis in several types of cancers, suggesting their contributions as biomarkers of tumor behavior as well as potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, CXCL12 itself has the capability to stimulate survival and growth of neoplastic cells in a paracrine fashion. CXCL12 is a supportive chemokine for tumor neovascularization via attracting endothelial cells to the tumor microenvironment. It has been suggested that elevated protein and mRNA levels of CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 are associated with human bladder cancer (BC). Taken together, mounting evidence suggests a role for CXCR4, CXCR7, and their ligand CXCL12 during the genesis of BC and its further development. However, a better understanding is still required before exploring CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 targeting in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nazari
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Hassanshahi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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26
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Baspinar S, Bircan S, Ciris M, Karahan N, Bozkurt KK. Expression of NGF, GDNF and MMP-9 in prostate carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:483-489. [PMID: 28237042 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of NGF, GDNF and MMP-9 in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer (PC), and to analyse their association with the clinicopathological parameters in PC cases. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue microarray (TMA) sections of 30 BPH, 40 HGPIN and 121 primary PC tissues. There was a significant difference regarding the expression of NGF and GDNF between PC and HGPIN (p<0.0001; p<0.0001), and PC and BPH (p=0.001; p<0.0001), but not between HGPIN and BPH (p>0.05). Furthermore MMP-9 expression was significantly different among all groups (PC vs. HGPIN, p<0.0001; PC vs. BPH, p<0.0001; HGPIN vs. BPH, p=0.001). NGF, GDNF and MMP-9 expression was significantly stronger in cases with high Gleason score (p<0.0001, p=0.004, p<0.0001 respectively) and pT stage (p=0.046, p=0.004, p=0.001, respectively) in PC cases. All these markers were also associated with perineural, lymphovascular and extraprostatic invasion (p <0.05). In addition, a positive correlation was found between NGF and MMP-9 (p<0.0001, r=0.435), NGF and GDNF (p<0.0001, r=0.634), and GDNF and MMP-9 (p<0.0001, r=0.670) in PC cases. According to our results we suggest an interaction between NGF, GDNF and MMP-9 during the transition to malignancy in PC. Also this interaction may involve in regulating PC cell differentiation, tumor invasion, progression, and the agressiveness of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirin Baspinar
- Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Sema Bircan
- Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Metin Ciris
- Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nermin Karahan
- Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Kemal Kursat Bozkurt
- Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Isparta, Turkey
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27
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Frydenlund NF, Mahalingam M. Neurotrophin Receptors and Perineural Invasion: Analyses in Select Lineage-Unrelated Cutaneous Malignancies With a Propensity for Perineural Invasion. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 104:497-531. [PMID: 28215306 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we parse the literature on neurotrophins that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of perineural invasion (PNI) in select lineage-unrelated malignancies. We also detail evidence linking neurotrophins and their receptors (TrkA, RET, p75NGFR, and NCAM) to the pathogenesis of PNI in desmoplastic melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma-both malignancies with an established propensity for PNI. Lastly, the clinical potential of neurotrophins as receptors for targeted therapies is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- N F Frydenlund
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - M Mahalingam
- VA Consolidated Laboratories, West Roxbury, MA, United States.
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28
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Abstract
The local extension of cancer cells along nerves is a frequent clinical finding for various tumours. Traditionally, nerve invasion was assumed to occur via the path of least resistance; however, recent animal models and human studies have revealed that cancer cells have an innate ability to actively migrate along axons in a mechanism called neural tracking. The tendency of cancer cells to track along nerves is supported by various cell types in the perineural niche that secrete multiple growth factors and chemokines. We propose that the perineural niche should be considered part of the tumour microenvironment, describe the molecular cues that facilitate neural tracking and suggest methods for its inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Amit
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haalia Street No. 8, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shorook Na'ara
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haalia Street No. 8, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ziv Gil
- Laboratory for Applied Cancer Research, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Center, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rappaport Institute of Medicine and Research, The Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haalia Street No. 8, Haifa, Israel
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29
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Laurent V, Guérard A, Mazerolles C, Le Gonidec S, Toulet A, Nieto L, Zaidi F, Majed B, Garandeau D, Socrier Y, Golzio M, Cadoudal T, Chaoui K, Dray C, Monsarrat B, Schiltz O, Wang YY, Couderc B, Valet P, Malavaud B, Muller C. Periprostatic adipocytes act as a driving force for prostate cancer progression in obesity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10230. [PMID: 26756352 PMCID: PMC4729927 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity favours the occurrence of locally disseminated prostate cancer in the periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) surrounding the prostate gland. Here we show that adipocytes from PPAT support the directed migration of prostate cancer cells and that this event is strongly promoted by obesity. This process is dependent on the secretion of the chemokine CCL7 by adipocytes, which diffuses from PPAT to the peripheral zone of the prostate, stimulating the migration of CCR3 expressing tumour cells. In obesity, higher secretion of CCL7 by adipocytes facilitates extraprostatic extension. The observed increase in migration associated with obesity is totally abrogated when the CCR3/CCL7 axis is inhibited. In human prostate cancer tumours, expression of the CCR3 receptor is associated with the occurrence of aggressive disease with extended local dissemination and a higher risk of biochemical recurrence, highlighting the potential benefit of CCR3 antagonists in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Laurent
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Adrien Guérard
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Catherine Mazerolles
- Département d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse cedex 9 31059, France
| | - Sophie Le Gonidec
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Tissu Adipeux, Obésité et Diabète”, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Aurélie Toulet
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Laurence Nieto
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Falek Zaidi
- Département d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse cedex 9 31059, France
| | - Bilal Majed
- Centre Hospitalier de la Région de Saint-Omer (CHRSO), Route de Blendecques, BP 60357, Saint-Omer Cedex 62505, France
| | - David Garandeau
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Youri Socrier
- Département d'Anatomo-Pathologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse cedex 9 31059, France
| | - Muriel Golzio
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Thomas Cadoudal
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Tissu Adipeux, Obésité et Diabète”, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Karima Chaoui
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Cedric Dray
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Tissu Adipeux, Obésité et Diabète”, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Bernard Monsarrat
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Odile Schiltz
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Yuan Yuan Wang
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
| | - Bettina Couderc
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Tumeur et Environnement”, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse Cedex 1 F-31037, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Tissu Adipeux, Obésité et Diabète”, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1048, Toulouse F-31432, France
| | - Bernard Malavaud
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département d'Urologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer, Toulouse cedex 9 31059, France
| | - Catherine Muller
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse F-31077, France
- Département “Biologie du Cancer” et “Biologie Structurale et Biophysique”, CNRS; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse F-31077, France
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Tang J, Chen Y, Cui R, Li D, Xiao L, Lin P, Du Y, Sun H, Yu X, Zheng X. Upregulation of fractalkine contributes to the proliferative response of prostate cancer cells to hypoxia via promoting the G1/S phase transition. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7907-14. [PMID: 26496926 PMCID: PMC4758273 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in prostate cancer, which leads to cell proliferation and tumor growth. Fractalkine (FKN) is a membrane-bound chemokine, which is implicated in the progression of human prostate cancer and skeletal metastasis. However, the association between FKN and hypoxia-induced prostate cancer cell proliferation remains to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that hypoxia induced the expression and secretion of FKN in the DU145 prostate cancer cell line. Furthermore, inhibiting the activity of FKN with the anti-FKN FKN-specific antibody markedly inhibited hypoxia-induced DU145 cell proliferation. Under normoxic conditions, DU145 cell proliferation markedly increased following exogenous administration of human recombinant FKN protein, and the increase was significantly alleviated by anti-FKN, indicating the importance of FKN in DU145 cell proliferation. In addition, subsequent determination of cell cycle distribution and expression levels of two core cell cycle regulators, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, suggested that FKN promoted the G1/S phase transition by upregulating the expression levels of cyclin E and CDK2. The results of the present study demonstrated that hypoxia led to the upregulation of the secretion and expression of FKN, which enhanced cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle progression in the prostate cancer cells. These findings provide evidence of a novel function for FKN, and suggest that FKN may serve as a potential target for treating androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebing Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Rongjun Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yandan Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia 022150, P.R. China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoguang Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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31
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Zhang H, Teng X, Liu Z, Zhang L, Liu Z. Gene expression profile analyze the molecular mechanism of CXCR7 regulating papillary thyroid carcinoma growth and metastasis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:16. [PMID: 25887589 PMCID: PMC4349308 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background To detect genetic expression profile alterations after papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells transfected with chemokine receptor CXCR7 gene by gene microarray, and gain insights into molecular mechanisms of how CXCR7 regulating PTC growth and metastasis. Methods The Human OneArray microarray was used for a complete genome-wide transcript profiling of CXCR7 transfected PTCs (K1-CXCR7 cells), defined as experimental group. Non CXCR7 transfected PTCs (K1 cells) were used as control group. Differential analysis for per gene was performed with a random variance model and t test, p values were adjusted to control the false discovery rate. Gene ontology (GO) on differentially expressed genes to identify the biological processes in modulating the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Pathway analysis was used to evaluate the signaling pathway that differentially expressed genes were involved in. In addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and Western blot were used to verify the top differentially expression genes. Results Comparative analysis revealed that the expression level of 1149 genes was changed in response to CXCR7 transfection. After unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis, 270 differentially expressed genes were filtered, of them 156 genes were up-regulated whereas 114 genes were down-regulated in K1-CXCR7 cells. GO enrichment analysis revealed the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in biopolymer metabolic process, signal transduction and protein metabolism. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in ECM-receptor interaction, Focal adhesion, MAPK signaling pathway and Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. More importantly, the expression level of genes closely associated with tumor growth and metastasis was altered significantly in K1-CXCR7 cells, including up-regulated genes FN1, COL1A1, COL4A1, PDGFRB, LTB, CXCL12, MMP-11, MT1-MMP and down-regulated genes ITGA7, and Notch-1. Conclusions Gene expression profiling analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma can further delineate the mechanistic insights on how CXCR7 regulating papillary thyroid carcinoma growth and metastasis. CXCR7 may regulate growth and metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma via the activation of PI3K/AKT pathway and its downstream NF-κB signaling, as well as the down-regulation of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengwei Zhang
- Department General Surgery, Affiliated Shenjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Xuyong Teng
- Department General Surgery, Affiliated Shenjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Zhangyi Liu
- Department General Surgery, Affiliated Shenjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department General Surgery, Affiliated Shenjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department General Surgery, Affiliated Shenjing Hospital, China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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32
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CXCL12 Modulates Prostate Cancer Cell Adhesion by Altering the Levels or Activities of β1-Containing Integrins. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:981750. [PMID: 25580125 PMCID: PMC4279265 DOI: 10.1155/2014/981750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which prostate cancer (PCa) cell adhesion and migration are controlled during metastasis are not well understood. Here, we studied the effect of CXCL12 in PCa cell adhesion and spreading in DU145 and PC3 cell lines using as substrates collagen I, fibronectin (FN), and their recombinant fragments. CXCL12 treatment increased β1 integrin-dependent PC3 cell adhesion on FN which correlated with increased focal adhesion kinase activation. However neither α5β1 nor α4β1 subunits were involved in this adhesion. By contrast, CXCL12 decreased DU145 adhesion and spreading on FN by downregulating α5 and β1 integrin expression. To demonstrate the clinical relevance of CXCL12 in PCa, we measured CXCL12 levels in plasma by using ELISA and found that the chemokine is elevated in PCa patients when compared to controls. The high concentration of CXCL12 in patients suffering from PCa in comparison to those with benign disease or healthy individuals implicates CXCL12 as a potential biomarker for PCa. In addition these data show that CXCL12 may be crucial in controlling PCa cell adhesion on fibronectin and collagen I, possibly via crosstalk with integrin receptors and/or altering the expression levels of integrin subunits.
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Qi L, Sun B, Liu Z, Cheng R, Li Y, Zhao X. Wnt3a expression is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes colon cancer progression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:107. [PMID: 25499541 PMCID: PMC4269867 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the progression and metastasis of cancer cells and is associated with a more invasive phenotype of cancer. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is one of the major pathways involved in EMT regulation. Many studies provide evidence that β-catenin, the key regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, is important in regulating EMT in cancer. However, the roles of Wnt3a, the representative canonical Wnt ligand, in EMT and colon cancer progression have not yet been fully explored. Methods The expression levels of Wnt3a and EMT-associated proteins (E-cadherin, vimentin, and β-catenin) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in human colon cancer tissues to evaluate the clinicopathological significance of Wnt3a, as well as the correlation between Wnt3a and EMT. We then upregulated Wnt3a expression in HCT116 colon cancer cells, established a nude mouse xenograft model, detected the expression of EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling-associated proteins, and observed invasion and clone-initiating abilities. Results In 203 human colon cancer tissue samples, Wnt3a protein overexpression was related to colon cancer histological differentiation (P = 0.004), clinical stage (P = 0.008), presence of metastasis and recurrence (P = 0.036), and survival time (P = 0.007) of colon cancer patients. Wnt3a expression was notably concomitant with EMT immunohistochemical features, such as reduced expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin (P = 0.012), increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin (P = 0.002), and cytoplasmic distribution of β-catenin (P = 0.021). Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that Wnt3a overexpression could alter cell morphology, regulate EMT-associated protein expression, and enhance clone-initiation and invasion. Dkk1 (antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin signaling) could also partially reverse the expression of EMT-associated proteins in Wnt3a-overexpressing cells. Conclusions Wnt3a expression was associated with EMT and promoted colon cancer progression. The EMT-inducing effect was partially due to the stimulative effect of Wnt3a on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Runfen Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Tianjin Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
| | - Yixian Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Didžiapetrienė J, Bublevič J, Smailytė G, Kazbarienė B, Stukas R. Significance of blood serum catalase activity and malondialdehyde level for survival prognosis of ovarian cancer patients. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2014; 50:204-8. [PMID: 25458956 DOI: 10.1016/j.medici.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Several markers were found to be potential prognostic factors in ovarian cancer. Among markers resembling systemic changes in the host's organism are markers of the oxidative stress. In this study we attempted to analyze the oxidant and antioxidant parameters of ovarian cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 42 patients with newly diagnosed stages I-IV primary ovary cancer were examined. Level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalytic activity catalase (CAT) were determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Significantly lower CAT (28.2±15.5 vs. 36.1±14.6nmol/L/min, P=0.019) activity and higher MDA levels (8.7±3.0 vs. 6.7±2.7nmol/L, P=0.002) were observed in cancer patients compared with healthy volunteers. Both variables were not confirmed as prognostic factors according to Kaplan-Meier survival estimates. CONCLUSIONS MDA and CAT demonstrate oxidative stress in cancer patients: CAT activity was significantly lower and MDA levels higher in cancer patients compared to healthy controls. These variables were not confirmed to be prognostic factors in ovarian cancer, possibly due to small size of the study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Didžiapetrienė
- Scientific Research Centre, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jaroslav Bublevič
- Scientific Research Centre, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Smailytė
- Scientific Research Centre, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Kazbarienė
- Scientific Research Centre, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Jeong WJ, Choi IJ, Park MW, An SY, Jeon EH, Paik JH, Sung MW, Ahn SH. CXCR4 antagonist inhibits perineural invasion of adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:992-8. [PMID: 25118295 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Perineural invasion and expression of CXCR4 is characteristic of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Herein, we aimed to demonstrate CXCR4 expression in ACC, identify its association with perineural invasion and investigate the impact of CXCR4 inhibitor in vitro and in a murine perineural invasion model. METHODS Expression of CXCR4 was assessed in ACC cell lines and in human tissue. The effects of gene knockdown using siRNA and specific blocker of CXCR4 (AMD3100) were evaluated in vitro. A preclinical perineural invasion model was developed using BALB/c nude mouse. The effect of AMD3100 was evaluated in vivo. RESULTS CXCR4 was highly expressed in aggressive strains of ACC in vitro, in the tumour in the animal model and in the tumour of human tissue. SDF-1 expression was also demonstrated in the nerve of murine and human tissue. Gene knockdown by siRNA and inhibition by a CXCR4-specific inhibitor AMD3100 effectively abrogated invasion but not proliferation of ACC in vitro. The rate of perineural invasion was significantly decreased with AMD3100 treatment in the animal model. CONCLUSIONS CXCR4 is associated with perineural invasion in ACC. AMD3100, which can effectively diminish perineural invasion of ACC, may have an adjuvant role in the management of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ik Joon Choi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Woo Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Youn An
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hui Jeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Paik
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Myung-Whun Sung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Hyun Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
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Jiang YM, Li G, Sun BC, Zhao XL, Zhou ZK. Study on the Relationship Between CXCR4 Expression and Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:4893-6. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Farina AR, Mackay AR. Gelatinase B/MMP-9 in Tumour Pathogenesis and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:240-96. [PMID: 24473089 PMCID: PMC3980597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its original identification as a leukocyte gelatinase/type V collagenase and tumour type IV collagenase, gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is now recognised as playing a central role in many aspects of tumour progression. In this review, we relate current concepts concerning the many ways in which gelatinase B/MMP-9 influences tumour biology. Following a brief outline of the gelatinase B/MMP-9 gene and protein, we analyse the role(s) of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in different phases of the tumorigenic process, and compare the importance of gelatinase B/MMP-9 source in the carcinogenic process. What becomes apparent is the importance of inflammatory cell-derived gelatinase B/MMP-9 in tumour promotion, early progression and triggering of the "angiogenic switch", the integral relationship between inflammatory, stromal and tumour components with respect to gelatinase B/MMP-9 production and activation, and the fundamental role for gelatinase B/MMP-9 in the formation and maintenance of tumour stem cell and metastatic niches. It is also apparent that gelatinase B/MMP-9 plays important tumour suppressing functions, producing endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors, promoting inflammatory anti-tumour activity, and inducing apoptosis. The fundamental roles of gelatinase B/MMP-9 in cancer biology underpins the need for specific therapeutic inhibitors of gelatinase B/MMP-9 function, the use of which must take into account and substitute for tumour-suppressing gelatinase B/MMP-9 activity and also limit inhibition of physiological gelatinase B/MMP-9 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito 2, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
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Walentowicz-Sadlecka M, Sadlecki P, Bodnar M, Marszalek A, Walentowicz P, Sokup A, Wilińska-Jankowska A, Grabiec M. Stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 in endometrial cancer patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84629. [PMID: 24416254 PMCID: PMC3887002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the most important function of stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptors, is regulating the process of metastasis formation. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between SDF-1, CXCR4 and CXCR7 protein levels measured by immunohistochemistry with the clinicopathological features and the survival of endometrial cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 92 patients aged 37-84 (mean 65.1±9.5) were enrolled to our study between January 2000 and December 2007. After the diagnosis of endometrial cancer, all women underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, with bilateral salpingoophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection. In all patients clinical stage (according to FIGO classification), histologic grade, myometrial invasion, lymph node and distant metastases were determined.Furthermore, the survival time was assessed. Immunohistochemical analyses of SDF-1, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were performed on archive formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections. RESULTS Statistically significant correlations (p<0.01) were reported between SDF-1 and the clinical stage of disease, lymph node metastases, distant metastases, deep myometrial invasion (≥50%), cervical involvement, involvement of adnexa. Statistically significant correlation (p<0.01) was found between SDF-1 expression and the risk of the recurrence. Higher SDF-1 expression was associated with a higher risk of recurrence (p = 0.0001). The results of CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression didn't reveal any significant differences(p>0.05) between the proteins expression in the primary tumor cells and the clinicopathological features. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated a stepwise impairment of cancer overall survival (OS) with increasing SDF-1 expression. CONCLUSION The important role of SDF-1 as a predictor of negative clinicopathological characteristics of a tumor suggests that the expression of this stromal factor should be included in the panel of accessory pathomorphological tests and could be helpful in establishing a more accurate prognosis in endometrial cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Walentowicz-Sadlecka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, the Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Pawel Sadlecki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, the Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, the Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszalek
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, the Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Pawel Walentowicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, the Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alina Sokup
- Department of Gastroenterology, Angiology and Internal Diseases, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, the Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Marek Grabiec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, the Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Zhang XX, Sun Z, Guo J, Wang Z, Wu C, Niu G, Ma Y, Kiesewetter DO, Chen X. Comparison of (18)F-labeled CXCR4 antagonist peptides for PET imaging of CXCR4 expression. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 15:758-67. [PMID: 23636490 PMCID: PMC3863618 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CXCR4 is overexpressed on tumor cells from many types of human cancers. A high level of CXCR4 expression often correlates with poor prognosis, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis. The development of CXCR4-specific radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging will allow in vivo evaluation of receptor expression level for diagnosis or therapeutic evaluation. PROCEDURES Two new (18)F-labeled radiotracers based on an Ac-TC14012 peptide, [(18)F]FP-Ac-TC14012 and [(18)F]FB-Ac-TC14012, were synthesized and characterized. The affinities of the 2-fluoropropionate (FP)-conjugated or 4-fluorobenzoate (FB)-conjugated peptides to CXCR4-transfected Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells were evaluated in a competitive binding assay with [(125)I]CXCL12 radioligand. The cell uptake and retention of [(18)F]FP-labeled and [(18)F]FB-labeled peptides were measured. The tumor targetability and pharmacokinetics of these two tracers were also evaluated by microPET imaging and biodistribution studies. RESULTS The labeled peptides retained high binding affinity to CXCR4 and showed much higher uptake in CXCR4-positive CHO cells than in CXCR4-negative cells in vitro. The smaller and more hydrophilic [(18)F]FP prosthetic group resulted in higher affinity and lower nonspecific cell uptake compared to the [(18)F]FB-labeled peptide. Both radiotracers showed much higher accumulation in CXCR4-positive than CXCR4-negative tumor xenografts in mice and allowed clear visualization of CXCR4 expression by PET. Among the two, [(18)F]FP-Ac-TC14012 showed higher tumor uptake and better tumor-to-background contrast. Unlike their N-terminal 4-F-benzoate analogs, these two tracers had minimal blood retention, likely due to reduced red blood cell binding. Metabolic organs, such as the liver and kidney, also showed high uptake. When blocked with low-dose cold peptide (10 μg), the tumor uptake was significantly increased, most likely due to the increased concentration in blood circulation, as evidenced by decreased liver uptake. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the [(18)F]FP-labeled Ac-TC14012 peptide with high tumor uptake, low nonspecific binding, and good tumor-to-background contrast promises [(18)F]FP-Ac-TC14012 as a PET tracer for in vivo PET imaging of CXCR4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhongchan Sun
- Department of Cardiology and Molecular Imaging Program, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jinxia Guo
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chenxi Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gang Niu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ying Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Dale O. Kiesewetter
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Pathobiology and management of prostate cancer-induced bone pain: recent insights and future treatments. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 21:339-63. [PMID: 23918298 PMCID: PMC3779011 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-013-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a high propensity for metastasis to bone. Despite the availability of multiple treatment options for relief of PCa-induced bone pain (PCIBP), satisfactory relief of intractable pain in patients with advanced bony metastases is challenging for the clinicians because currently available analgesic drugs are often limited by poor efficacy and/or dose-limiting side effects. Rodent models developed in the past decade show that the pathobiology of PCIBP comprises elements of inflammatory, neuropathic and ischemic pain arising from ectopic sprouting and sensitization of sensory nerve fibres within PCa-invaded bones. In addition, at the cellular level, PCIBP is underpinned by dynamic cross talk between metastatic PCa cells, cellular components of the bone matrix, factors associated with the bone microenvironment as well as peripheral components of the somatosensory system. These insights are aligned with the clinical management of PCIBP involving use of a multimodal treatment approach comprising analgesic agents (opioids, NSAIDs), radiotherapy, radioisotopes, cancer chemotherapy agents and bisphosphonates. However, a major drawback of most rodent models of PCIBP is their short-term applicability due to ethical concerns. Thus, it has been difficult to gain insight into the mal(adaptive) neuroplastic changes occurring at multiple levels of the somatosensory system that likely contribute to intractable pain at the advanced stages of metastatic disease. Specifically, the functional responsiveness of noxious circuitry as well as the neurochemical signature of a broad array of pro-hyperalgesic mediators in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of rodent models of PCIBP is relatively poorly characterized. Hence, recent work from our laboratory to develop a protocol for an optimized rat model of PCIBP will enable these knowledge gaps to be addressed as well as identification of novel targets for drug discovery programs aimed at producing new analgesics for the improved relief of intractable PCIBP.
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Wang R, Chen M, Li C, Li LP, Gan X, Huang J, Lei AY, Xu ZH, Liang WW. Identification of multiple genes and their expression profiles in four strains of Oreochromis spp. in response to Streptococcus iniae. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 82:492-504. [PMID: 23398064 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two subtractive complementary DNA libraries were constructed from Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus vaccinated with formalin-killed Streptococcus iniae cells, and a further two constructed from O. niloticus infected with S. iniae. Of the 68 distinct expressed sequence tag (EST) contigs and singletons, 45 and 13 EST shared high similarities with genes of known and unknown functions, respectively. Ten EST contigs and singletons had no significant similarity to any sequences. Five putative immune-relevant genes, β2m, α-ha, mmp9, pgrn and cxcr4, were selected for quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in four strains of Oreochromis spp.: genetically improved farmed tilapia (O. niloticus), Oreochromis aureus, O. niloticus and O. niloticus×O. aureus, with different disease resistance following infection with S. iniae. pgrn was up-regulated more significantly in disease-resistant strains than in the susceptible. α-ha was markedly down-regulated, and no significant differences in the expression level of β2m were detected. A negative correlation was observed between the expression of mmp9 and that of cxcr4. The results provide insight into the molecular response of O. niloticus to S. iniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Guangxi Institute of Fisheries, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Peng Y, Shi J, Du X, Wang L, Klocker H, Mo L, Mo Z, Zhang J. Prostaglandin E2 induces stromal cell-derived factor-1 expression in prostate stromal cells by activating protein kinase A and transcription factor Sp1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:521-30. [PMID: 23246486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports indicate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can modulate tumor environment and promote angiogenesis through induction of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) production. We investigated the mechanism of PGE2-induced SDF-1 regulation in human prostate stromal cell and analyzed the effects in a stromal-epithelial interaction model. PGE2 stimulation increased SDF-1 expression in the prostate stromal cell lines WPMY-1 and NAF. We revealed signaling through the PGE2 receptor EP3 and activation of protein kinase A (PKA) are required. The EP3 agonist sulprostone and the cAMP analog forskolin mimicked and the EP3 siRNA, antagonist L798106 and the PKA inhibitor H89 abrogated the effect of PGE2 on SDF-1 expression. SDF-1 promoter truncation experiments demonstrated a 254 bp (from nt -219 to nt +34) SDF-1 proximal promoter fragment containing 5 putative transcription factor Sp1 binding motifs is sufficient for PGE2 induction. CHIP assays confirmed binding and PGE2 induced recruitment of Sp1 to the SDF-1 promoter. Sp1 motif mutation identified Sp1 motifs -140/-133 and -9/+1 as the crucial elements responsible for PGE2 induction. Moreover, SDF-1 was up- or down-regulated by Sp1 over-expression or knock-down. We also demonstrate stimulation of migration of prostate cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145 with conditioned media collected from WPMY-1 or NAF cells stimulated with PGE2 and blockade of enhanced migration by a SDF-1 neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, we provide evidence for a paracrine prostate stromal-epithelial interaction induced by upregulation of expression of SDF-1 by PGE2. Our research provides new insights into the mechanism promoting metastasis of prostate carcinoma via stromal-epithelial interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Peng
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Xiao LJ, Chen YY, Lin P, Zou HF, Lin F, Zhao LN, Li D, Guo L, Tang JB, Zheng XL, Yu XG. Hypoxia increases CX3CR1 expression via HIF-1 and NF‑κB in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:1827-36. [PMID: 22941344 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique CX3C chemokine CX3CL1 and its cognate receptor CX3CR1 have been implicated in organ-specific metastasis of various types of tumors. Hypoxia, a common phenomenon in solid tumors, is associated with a malignant cancer phenotype. Previous studies have proved that hypoxia facilitates cancer cell metastasis through upregulation of specific chemokine receptors. We hypothesized that hypoxia could upregulate CX3CR1 expression and lead to an increased chemotactic response to CX3CL1 in prostate cancer cells. In the present study, we found that CX3CR1 expression was significantly increased in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, including DU145, PC-3 and PC-3M, following exposure to hypoxia. This upregulation of CX3CR1 corresponded to a significant increase in migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells under hypoxic conditions, which was attenuated after knocking down CX3CR1 expression. In addition, we examined the possible role of HIF-1 and NF-κB in the process of hypoxia-induced CX3CR1 expression and hypoxia-mediated metastasis. Attenuation of HIF-1 and NF-κB transcriptional activity by siRNAs or pharmacological inhibitors, abrogated hypoxia-induced upregulation of CX3CR1, and also prevented the migration and invasion of DU145 cells under a hypoxic environment. In summary, our study demonstrated that HIF-1 and NF-κB are essential for hypoxia-regulated CX3CR1 expression, which is associated with increased migratory and invasive potential of prostate cancer cells. CX3CR1 signaling is a potential therapeutic target in the adjuvant treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, PR China
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Xu X, Wang Y, Chen J, Ma H, Shao Z, Chen H, Jin G. High expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis predicts a poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2012; 16:1493-8. [PMID: 22639377 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-012-1921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CX3CL1 is a member of the chemokine family, and its receptor, CX3CR1, is expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. However, it is unclear whether there is a correlation between the expression of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry were used to study the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in 105 specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We analyzed a relationship between patients' clinicopathological parameters and overall survival to the expression level of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis using standard statistical analysis. RESULTS The expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 (77.1 and 66.7 %, respectively) was clearly increased in areas of malignancy compared with peritumoral areas. We did not find any correlation between CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression with clinical or pathological data. Patients' overall survival was clearly worse with the combined high expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1. Patients with a high CX3CL1 expression tumor had a significantly shorter overall survival. High CX3CR1 expression was an independent negative prognosis factor. CONCLUSION We propose that the expression level of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis could provide clinical prognostic value, and the next steps should be to further investigate the mechanism by which CX3CL1 and its receptor impact survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Chang Hai Hospital, The 2nd Millitary Medical University, Chang Hai Road No.168, Shanghai 200433, China
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Qi L, Sun B, Liu Z, Li H, Gao J, Leng X. Dickkopf-1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colon cancer cells and contributes to colon cancer suppression. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:828-35. [PMID: 22321022 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the expression pattern of dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), a potent inhibitor of Wnt signaling, in colon cancer and to assess the function and mechanism of Dkk1 in tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. We detected the protein expression of Dkk1 and some epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated markers (E-cadherin, vimentin and β-catenin) in 217 tissue samples of human colon cancer, upregulated Dkk1 expression in HCT116 colon cancer cells, and established a nude mouse xenograft model. Dkk1 protein overexpression was inversely related to tumor grade and the presence of metastasis and recurrence of colon cancer. Notably, the expression of Dkk1 was concomitant with reduced immunohistochemical features of EMT (e.g. increased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin, decreased expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin, and cytoplasmic distribution of β-catenin). Furthermore, Dkk1 overexpression resulted in restoration of the epithelial phenotype, decreased expression of EMT transcription factors Snail and Twist, and decreased expression of markers suggestive of intestinal stem cells (e.g. cluster of differentiation 133 [CD133] and leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 [Lgr5]). Functional analysis showed overexpression of Dkk1 reduced proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells. Moreover, upregulation of Dkk1 led to decreased tumor-initiating ability and suppressed colon tumor growth in nude mice. Our findings indicate that Dkk1 can suppress the progression of colon cancer, possibly through EMT inhibition, and could therefore serve as a target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Qi
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Chemokines and their receptors in the allergic airway inflammatory process. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2011; 41:76-88. [PMID: 20352527 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-010-8202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of the allergic airway disease conveys several cell types, such as T-cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and dendritic cells, which act in a special and temporal synchronization. Cellular mobilization and its complex interactions are coordinated by a broad range of bioactive mediators known as chemokines. These molecules are an increasing family of small proteins with common structural motifs and play an important role in the recruitment and cell activation of both leukocytes and resident cells at the allergic inflammatory site via their receptors. Trafficking and recruitment of cell populations with specific chemokines receptors assure the presence of reactive allergen-specific T-cells in the lung, and therefore the establishment of an allergic inflammatory process. Different approaches directed against chemokines receptors have been developed during the last decades with promising therapeutic results in the treatment of asthma. In this review we explore the role of the chemokines and chemokine receptors in allergy and asthma and discuss their potential as targets for therapy.
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Mimeault M, Batra SK. Frequent gene products and molecular pathways altered in prostate cancer- and metastasis-initiating cells and their progenies and novel promising multitargeted therapies. Mol Med 2011; 17:949-64. [PMID: 21607288 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent gene expression profiling analyses and gain- and loss-of-function studies performed with distinct prostate cancer (PC) cell models indicated that the alterations in specific gene products and molecular pathways often occur in PC stem/progenitor cells and their progenies during prostate carcinogenesis and metastases at distant sites, including bones. Particularly, the sustained activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hedgehog, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, hyaluronan (HA)/CD44 and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process may provide critical functions for PC progression to locally invasive, metastatic and androgen-independent disease states and treatment resistance. Moreover, an enhanced glycolytic metabolism in PC stem/progenitor cells and their progenies concomitant with the changes in their local microenvironment, including the induction of tumor hypoxia and release of diverse soluble factors by tumor myofibroblasts, also may promote the tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastases. More particularly, these molecular transforming events may cooperate to upregulate Akt, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and stemness gene products such as Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog and Bmi-1 in PC cells that contribute to their acquisition of high self-renewal, tumorigenic and invasive capacities and survival advantages during PC progression. Consequently, the molecular targeting of these deregulated gene products in the PC- and metastasis-initiating cells and their progenies represent new promising therapeutic strategies of great clinical interest for eradicating the total PC cell mass and improving current antihormonal treatments and docetaxel-based chemotherapies, thereby preventing disease relapse and the death of PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Mimeault
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Chetram MA, Odero-Marah V, Hinton CV. Loss of PTEN permits CXCR4-mediated tumorigenesis through ERK1/2 in prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 9:90-102. [PMID: 21076047 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss of PTEN is frequently observed in androgen-independent prostate cancer, resulting in the deregulation of metastatic events. SDF1α activation of CXCR4 induces signaling pathways that have been implicated in prostate metastasis and progression to an advanced disease. The pathways of CXCR4 and PTEN converge, leading to the promotion and regulation of tumorigenesis, respectively. However, loss of PTEN may permit CXCR4 to progress prostate cancer to an advanced disease. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of PTEN in CXCR4-mediated tumorigenesis. When screening advanced metastatic prostate cancer cell lines for PTEN, we observed a loss of expression in PC3 and LNCaP cells whereas Du145 expressed wild-type PTEN. All three cell lines were positive for surface expression of CXCR4. Reconsitution of PTEN induced a mesenchymal to epithelial like morphologic change and inhibited CXCR4-mediated migration and proliferation in PC3 cells. Downregulation of PTEN by siRNA enhanced the CXCR4-mediated migratory behavior of Du145 cells. By Western blot analysis, we observed that PTEN inhibited basal AKT phosphorylation but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation in PTEN-expressing cells. Upon CXCR4 stimulation, PTEN inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation but not phosphorylation of AKT. The CXCR4-mediated migration of PC3 cells was through the ERK1/2 pathway, as confirmed by chemical inhibitors. On the basis of these studies, we suggest that loss of PTEN permits CXCR4-mediated functions in prostate cancer cells through the ERK1/2 pathway. Antagonizing CXCR4 and downstream signaling cascades may provide an efficient approach for treating patients with advanced prostate cancer when hormone therapy fails to the stop the growth and containment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahandranauth A Chetram
- Clark Atlanta University, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, SW, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
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Addadi Y, Moskovits N, Granot D, Lozano G, Carmi Y, Apte RN, Neeman M, Oren M. p53 status in stromal fibroblasts modulates tumor growth in an SDF1-dependent manner. Cancer Res 2010; 70:9650-8. [PMID: 20952507 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor exerts a variety of cell-autonomous effects that are aimed to thwart tumor development. In addition, however, there is growing evidence for cell nonautonomous tumor suppressor effects of p53. In the present study, we investigated the impact of stromal p53 on tumor growth. Specifically, we found that ablation of p53 in fibroblasts enabled them to promote more efficiently the growth of tumors initiated by PC3 prostate cancer-derived cells. This stimulatory effect was dependent on the increased expression of the chemokine SDF-1 in the p53-deficient fibroblasts. Notably, fibroblasts harboring mutant p53 protein were more effective than p53-null fibroblasts in promoting tumor growth. The presence of either p53-null or p53-mutant fibroblasts led also to a markedly elevated rate of metastatic spread of the PC3 tumors. These findings implicate p53 in a cell nonautonomous tumor suppressor role within stromal fibroblasts, through suppressing the production of tumor stimulatory factors by these cells. Moreover, expression of mutant p53 by tumor stroma fibroblasts might exert a gain of function effect, further accelerating tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Addadi
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
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Sroka IC, Anderson TA, McDaniel KM, Nagle RB, Gretzer MB, Cress AE. The laminin binding integrin alpha6beta1 in prostate cancer perineural invasion. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:283-8. [PMID: 20432448 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasizing prostate tumor cells invade along nerves innervating the encapsulated human prostate gland in a process known as perineural invasion. The extracellular matrix laminin class of proteins line the neural route and tumor cells escaping from the gland express the laminin binding integrin alpha6beta1 as a prominent cell surface receptor. Integrin alpha6beta1 promotes aggressive disease and supports prostate tumor cell metastasis to bone. Laminins and their integrin receptors are necessary for the development and maintenance of the peripheral nervous system, indicating the potential role for integrin receptors in directing prostate tumor cell invasion on nerves during perineural invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis C Sroka
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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