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Cai A, Xia P, Zhou X, He Y, Lv J. MiR-1275 Targeting SPARC Promotes Gambogic Acid-Induced Inhibition of Gastric Cancer. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:2481-2495. [PMID: 37118619 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Gambogic acid (GA) has been observed to effectively impede the progression of numerous types of cancers. In this study, we investigated the effects of miR-1275 and Secreted Protein Acidic and Cysteine Rich (SPARC) on GA in gastric cancer (GC). miR-1275 and SPARC expression were determined in GC cell lines and tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The correlation between miR-1275 and SPARC expression was ascertained using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Cell proliferation was assessed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The Transwell assay was conducted to examine cell migration. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the regulatory relationship between miR-1275 and SPARC. The levels of SPARC, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins were estimated using western blotting. To verify the effects of GA on the growth of GC cells in vivo, a tumorigenesis experiment was performed in nude mice. GA suppressed GC cell viability and migration, facilitated apoptosis, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo and in vitro. Low levels of miR-1275 been observed in GC cell lines and tissues. GA-treated GC cells manifested high miR-1275 levels. In functional experiments, miR-1275 enhanced the influence of GA on cell apoptosis, migration, and proliferation. Furthermore, GA treatment suppressed SPARC upregulation in GC cell lines and tissues. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed that miR-1275 expression negatively correlated with SPARC expression. Mechanistically, miR-1275 promoted growth inhibition in GA-treated GC cells by targeting SPARC. Our study indicates that miR-1275 enhances the suppressive effect of GA on GC progression by inhibiting SPARC expression. Through this study, we contribute to the knowledge of a new mechanism by which GA suppresses GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Cai
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 49, Lihuangpi Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Xia
- Department of Gastric Diseases and Liver-Gallbladder (Department of Gastroenterology), Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 49, Lihuangpi Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao He
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 49, Lihuangpi Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 49, Lihuangpi Road, Jiang'an District, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Li A, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang M, Zhang H, Chen F. Identification and validation of key genes associated with pathogenesis and prognosis of gastric cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16243. [PMID: 37868053 PMCID: PMC10586292 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, the precise mechanisms and specific biomarkers of GC have not been fully elucidated. We therefore sought to identify and validate the genes associated with GC. Methods RNA sequencing was performed on gastric tissue specimens from 10 cases each of non-atrophic gastritis (NAG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), and GC. Validation of gene expression was conducted through immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter database was utilized to screen genes associated with prognosis, while protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted to identify hub genes. Results In GC-IM, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly enriched in pathways related to ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt pathway, and pathways in cancer. Conversely, in IM-NAG, the DEGs were primarily enriched in pathways associated with fat digestion and absorption, pancreatic secretion, and retinol metabolism. IHC staining revealed elevated expression levels of KLK7 and KLK10 in GC. Specifically, KLK7 expression was found to be correlated with differentiation (P = 0.025) and depth of invasion (P = 0.007) in GC, while both KLK7 and KLK10 were associated with the overall survival (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a total of ten hub genes from DEGs in GC-NAG (COL6A2, COL1A1, COL4A1, COL1A2, SPARC, COL4A2, FN1, PCOLCE, SERPINH1, LAMB1) and five hub genes in IM-NAG (SI, DPP4, CLCA1, MEP1A, OLFM4) were demonstrated to have a significant correlation with the prognosis of GC. Conclusions The present study successfully identified and validated crucial genes associated with GC, providing valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of this disease. The findings of this study have the potential to inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feixue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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3
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Jiang S, Sun HF, Li S, Zhang N, Chen JS, Liu JX. SPARC: a potential target for functional nanomaterials and drugs. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1235428. [PMID: 37577749 PMCID: PMC10419254 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1235428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also termed osteonectin or BM-40, is a matricellular protein which regulates cell adhesion, extracellular matrix production, growth factor activity, and cell cycle. Although SPARC does not perform a structural function, it, however, modulates interactions between cells and the surrounding extracellular matrix due to its anti-proliferative and anti-adhesion properties. The overexpression of SPARC at sites, including injury, regeneration, obesity, cancer, and inflammation, reveals its application as a prospective target and therapeutic indicator in the treatment and assessment of disease. This article comprehensively summarizes the mechanism of SPARC overexpression in inflammation and tumors as well as the latest research progress of functional nanomaterials in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and tumors by manipulating SPARC as a new target. This article provides ideas for using functional nanomaterials to treat inflammatory diseases through the SPARC target. The purpose of this article is to provide a reference for ongoing disease research based on SPARC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Hui-Feng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Ji-Song Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Healthcare, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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4
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Sun J, Bai YK, Fan ZG. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of SPARC expression in gastric cancer: A meta‑analysis and bioinformatics analysis. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:240. [PMID: 37181948 PMCID: PMC10167410 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a member of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein family that binds to calcium ions. It may bind to a variety of proteins in the extracellular matrix and also compete with cell membrane surface receptors for growth. In the present study, the relationship between SPARC expression in gastric cancer tissues and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer were systematically evaluated. A meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis were performed using the PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Kaplan-Meier (KM)-plotter, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer (UALCAN), Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Timer databases. SPARC was mainly expressed in tumor mesenchymal cells. The meta-analysis indicated that SPARC expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues than in normal tissues. SPARC was associated with the degree of differentiation and distant metastasis. K-M plotter results indicated that high SPARC expression was negatively associated with overall survival, post-progression survival and progression-free survival rates of patients. According to the Oncomine, GEPIA, UALCAN and HPA databases, SPARC mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in gastric cancer vs. normal tissues and was negatively associated with poor patient prognosis. In the TCGA database, univariate analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were associated with the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Cox multifactorial analysis suggested that high SPARC expression, age and distant metastasis were important factors affecting the survival time of patients with gastric cancer. Analysis with the Timer database indicated that SPARC was closely associated with the proportion of 7 immune-cell infiltrates in gastric cancer. These findings indicated that high expression of SPARC may be a potential marker of tumorigenesis and metastasis in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Yang-Kai Bai
- Department of Urology, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
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5
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Zhang F, Zhang Y, Da J, Jia Z, Wu H, Gu K. Downregulation of SPARC Expression Decreases Cell Migration and Invasion Involving Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through the p-FAK/p-ERK Pathway in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:414-420. [PMID: 31897236 PMCID: PMC6930426 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular glycoprotein overexpressed in various malignancies, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and is involved in tumor development and progression. This study was initially designed to investigate the biological roles of SPARC in ESCC cell lines by silencing SPARC expression. Methods: The expression of SPARC was examined in eight human ESCC cell lines. Eca109 and HKESC cell lines with high SPARC expression were selected and transiently transfected with SPARC-targeted small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and subsequently evaluated its impact on cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, as well as the underlying mechanism. Results: Knockdown of SPARC by the specified siRNAs in Eca109 and HKESC cell lines resulted in dramatically downregulation of SPARC expression, and significantly decreased cell migration and invasion involving epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro. Moreover, SPARC-targeted siRNA reduced the activation of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and extracellular regulated protein kinase (p-ERK). Furthermore, downregulation of either FAK or SPARC expression with specified siRNAs inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and inhibited cell migration and invasion. However, decreased SPARC expression showed no impact on cell proliferation, survival or apoptosis of Eca109 and HKESC cells when comparing to control transfected groups. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that downregulation of SPARC could decrease cell migration and invasion involving EMT via the p-FAK/p-ERK pathway that might serve as a novel therapeutic target against ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kangsheng Gu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, P. R. China
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6
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Impact of Fibroblast-Derived SPARC on Invasiveness of Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101421. [PMID: 31554208 PMCID: PMC6827058 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein modulating cell-matrix interactions and was found up-regulated in tumor stroma. To explore the effect of high stromal SPARC on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell behavior and clinical outcome, this study determined SPARC expression in patients suffering from stage II and III CRC using a publicly available mRNA data set and immunohistochemistry of tissue microarray sections. Moreover, in vitro co-culture models using CRC cell lines together with colon-associated fibroblasts were established to determine the effect of fibroblast-derived SPARC on cancer cells. In 466 patient samples, high SPARC mRNA was associated with a shorter disease-free survival. In 99 patients of the tissue microarray cohort, high stromal SPARC in the primary tumor was an independent predictor of shorter survival in patients with relapse (27 cases; HR = 4574, p = 0.004). In CRC cell lines, SPARC suppressed phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and stimulated cell migration. Colon-associated fibroblasts increased migration velocity by 30% and doubled track-length in SPARC-dependent manner. In a 3D co-culture system, fibroblast-derived SPARC enhanced tumor cell invasion. Taken together, stromal SPARC had a pro-metastatic impact in vitro and was a characteristic of aggressive tumors with poor prognosis in CRC patients.
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Tang L, Cao Y, Song X, Wang X, Li Y, Yu M, Li M, Liu X, Huang F, Chen F, Wan H. HOXC6 promotes migration, invasion and proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via modulating expression of genes involved in malignant phenotypes. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6607. [PMID: 30886783 PMCID: PMC6421064 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HOXC6 is a member of the HOX gene family. The elevated expression of this gene occurs in prostate and breast cancers. However, the role of HOXC6 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains largely uninvestigated. Methods The expression of HOXC6 was examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and immunoblotting assays. The lentivirus-mediated expression of HOXC6 was verified at mRNA and protein levels. Wound healing and Matrigel assays were performed to assess the effect of HOXC6 on the migration and invasion of cancer cells. The growth curving, CCK8, and colony formation assays were utilized to access the proliferation capacities. RNA-seq was performed to evaluate the downstream targets of HOXC6. Bioinformatic tool was used to analyze the gene expression. Results HOXC6 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues. HOXC6 overexpression promoted the migration, invasion, and proliferation of both Eca109 and TE10 cells. There were 2,155 up-regulated and 759 down-regulated genes in Eca109-HOXC6 cells and 95 up-regulated and 47 down-regulated genes in TE10-HOXC6 cells compared with the results of control. Interestingly, there were only 20 common genes, including 17 up-regulated and three down-regulated genes with similar changes upon HOXC6 transfection in both cell lines. HOXC6 activated several crucial genes implicated in the malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Discussion HOXC6 is highly expressed in ESCC and promotes malignant phenotype of ESCC cells. HOXC6 can be used as a new therapeutic target of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Minglan Yu
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingying Li
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haisu Wan
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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8
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Bawazeer S, Sabry D, Mahmoud RH, Elhanbuli HM, Yassen NN, Abdelhafez MN. Association of SPARC gene polymorphisms rs3210714 and rs7719521 with VEGF expression and utility of Nottingham Prognostic Index scoring in breast cancer in a sample of Egyptian women. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2313-2324. [PMID: 30259245 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. To our knowledge, there is no single study conducted on the role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) gene polymorphism in breast cancer risk or prognosis. The present study aims to investigate the probable role of SPARC genetic polymorphisms in development of breast cancer; their correlation with immunohistochemical expression of VEGF; and their association with breast cancer prognosis in the Egyptian population. The study sample included 238 Egyptian females who were divided into two groups: breast cancer group (118 patients) and healthy control group (120 subjects). SPARC gene single nucleotide polymorphisms rs3210714 and rs7719521 were genotyped. Allelic and genotypic frequencies were determined in both groups and association with ductal breast carcinoma, clinicopathological and prognostic characters were determined. For SPARC rs3210714, a significant difference was observed in the codominant model and both A and G alleles' frequencies between breast cancer patients and control group (P < 0.001). For rs7719521, a significant difference in codominant and dominant models as well as in both A and C alleles' frequencies between breast cancer and control groups (P < 0.001) was observed. A significant relation was found between SPARC rs3210714 and rs7719521, and immunohistochemical expression of VEGF (P = 0.046 and P = 0.027, respectively). SPARC rs7719521 showed a significant association with Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) (P = 0.032). The present study revealed that SPARC rs3210714 and rs7719521 polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer risk and its prognosis. Therefore, these SNPs may be useful in predicting the increased risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Bawazeer
- Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.,Asklepios Hospital, Hamburg University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania H Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
| | - Hala M Elhanbuli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa N Abdelhafez
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Li Z, Li AD, Xu L, Bai DW, Hou KZ, Zheng HC, Qu XJ, Liu YP. SPARC expression in gastric cancer predicts poor prognosis: Results from a clinical cohort, pooled analysis and GSEA assay. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70211-70222. [PMID: 28053291 PMCID: PMC5342547 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic role of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) in gastric cancer (GC) remains controversial. We investigated the clinical significance, the survival relevance, and potential function of SPARC in GC with resected samples, online gene set GSE62254, and cell line SGC7901. Results High immunostaining of SPARC significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (P = 0.004), and independently predicted shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.446, P = 0.022), based on the current IHC evaluation. The accuracy of the results was further validated with 1000 times bootstrapping and the time-dependent receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The meta-analysis (pooled HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.01−2.53) confirmed SPARC as the predictor for reduced OS in GC. Moreover, the association between enhanced SPARC expression and Adriamycin (Adr) sensitivity was revealed by GSEA, and then confirmed by comparative cellular experiments, such as the protein level analysis of SGC7901and SGC7901/Adr cell line. Materials and Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was used to detect SPARC expression in 137 GC cases. Meta-analysis was performed based on 5 studies published in English on PubMed up to March 2016. GSEA was performed using online data set GSE62254 and GC-related functional gene sets derived from molecular signatures database (MSigDB). Western Blot was carried out to compare protein-level differences between gastric carcinoma SGC7901 cell line and Adr resistant SGC7901/Adr cell line. MTT assay was done to confirm the induction of SPARC on Adr sensitivity Conclusions Increased SPARC expression in GC led to a worse clinical outcome of patients and might induce Adr sensitivity of GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Ao-Di Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - De-Wei Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Department of Cell Biological Treatment Ward, Dalian Centre Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Ke-Zuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Hua-Chuan Zheng
- Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province
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10
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Nakajima M, Yoshino S, Kanekiyo S, Maeda N, Sakamoto K, Tsunedomi R, Suzuki N, Takeda S, Yamamoto S, Hazama S, Hoshii Y, Oga A, Itoh H, Ueno T, Nagano H. High secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine expression in peritumoral fibroblasts predicts better prognosis in patients with resectable gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:803-812. [PMID: 29403557 PMCID: PMC5780739 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that may serve an important role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Recent studies have demonstrated that SPARC status is a prognostic indicator in various cancer types; however, its value remains unclear in gastric cancer (GC). In the present study, the localization and prognostic impact of SPARC expression were evaluated in patients with GC. Immunohistochemical analysis of SPARC expression was performed in 117 surgically resected GC specimens, and the localization of SPARC positive cells, as well as the rassociation between SPARC expression and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated. High SPARC expression was observed in 47 cases; the glycoprotein was localized in the peritumoral fibroblasts, but was rarely observed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. Heterogeneity of SPARC expression was observed in 52 cases. High stromal SPARC expression was identified to be an independent predictor of more favorable prognosis (overall survival and recurrence free survival) in all patients (P<0.001). On subgroup analysis, this association remained significant in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, but not in patients who did not (P<0.001). Stromal SPARC expression predicts better prognosis in GC patients who underwent curative resection; this appears to be associated with improved response to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Yoshino
- Oncology Center, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kanekiyo
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Noriko Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shoichi Hazama
- Department of Translational Research and Developmental Therapeutics against Cancer, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Hoshii
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Yamaguchi University Hospital, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oga
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tomio Ueno
- Department of Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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11
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Mi FL, Burnouf T, Lu SY, Lu YJ, Lu KY, Ho YC, Kuo CY, Chuang EY. Self-Targeting, Immune Transparent Plasma Protein Coated Nanocomplex for Noninvasive Photothermal Anticancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28722819 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit specific physiological differences compared to normal cells. Most surface membranes of cancer cells are characterized by high expression of given protein receptors, such as albumin, transferrin, and growth factors that are also present in the plasma of patients themselves, but are lacking on the surface of normal cells. These distinct features between cancer and normal cells can serve as a niche for developing specific treatment strategies. Near-infrared (NIR)-light-triggered therapy platforms are an interesting novel avenue for use in clinical nanomedicine. As a photothermal agent, conducting polymer nanoparticles, such as polypyrrole (PPy), of great NIR light photothermal effects and good biocompatibility, show promising applications in cancer treatments through the hyperthermia mechanism. Autologous plasma proteins coated PPy nanoparticles for hyperthermia therapy as a novel core technology platform to treat cancers through secreted protein acid and rich in cysteine targeting are developed here. This approach can provide unique features of specific targeting toward cancer cell surface markers and immune transparency to avoid recognition and attack by defense cells and achieve prolonged circulation half-life. This technology platform unveils new clinical options for treatment of cancer patients, supporting the emergence of innovative clinical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fwu-Long Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University and International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kun-Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Cheng Ho
- Department of BioAgricultural Science, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yi Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University and International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify gastric cancer (GC)-associated genes and transcription factors (TFs) using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data of Asians. MATERIALS AND METHODS The RNA-seq data (GSE36968) were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database, including 6 noncancerous gastric tissue samples, 5 stage I GC samples, 5 stage II GC samples, 8 stage III GC samples, and 6 stage IV GC samples. The gene expression values in each sample were calculated using Cuffdiff. Following, stage-specific genes were identified by 1-way analysis of variance and hierarchical clustering analysis. Upstream TFs were identified using Seqpos. Besides, functional enrichment analysis of stage-specific genes was performed by DAVID. In addition, the underlying protein-protein interactions (PPIs) information among stage IV-specific genes were extracted from STRING database and PPI network was constructed using Cytoscape software. RESULTS A total of 3576 stage-specific genes were identified, including 813 specifically up-regulated genes in the normal gastric tissues, 2224 stage I and II-specific genes, and 539 stage IV-specific genes. Also, a total of 9 and 11 up-regulated TFs were identified for the stage I and II-specific genes and stage IV-specific genes, respectively. Functional enrichment showed SPARC, MMP17, and COL6A3 were related to extracellular matrix. Notably, 2 regulatory pathways HOXA4-GLI3-RUNX2-FGF2 and HMGA2-PRKCA were obtained from the PPI network for stage IV-specific genes. In the PPI network, TFs HOXA4 and HMGA2 might function via mediating other genes. CONCLUSION These stage-specific genes and TFs might act in the pathogenesis of GC in Asians.
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13
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Thakur R, Mishra DP. Matrix reloaded: CCN, tenascin and SIBLING group of matricellular proteins in orchestrating cancer hallmark capabilities. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 168:61-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Kao SC, Kirschner MB, Cooper WA, Tran T, Burgers S, Wright C, Korse T, van den Broek D, Edelman J, Vallely M, McCaughan B, Pavlakis N, Clarke S, Molloy MP, van Zandwijk N, Reid G. A proteomics-based approach identifies secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine as a prognostic biomarker in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:524-31. [PMID: 26889976 PMCID: PMC4782201 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We aimed to identify prognostic blood biomarkers using proteomics-based approaches in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Methods: Plasma samples from 12 MPM patients were used for exploratory mass spectrometry and ELISA analyses. The significance of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) was examined in sera from a Dutch series (n=97). To determine the source of the circulating SPARC, we investigated SPARC expression in MPM tumours and healthy controls, as well as the expression and secretion from cell lines and xenografts. Results: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine was identified as a putative prognostic marker in plasma. Validation in the Dutch series showed that the median survival was higher in patients with low SPARC compared with those with high SPARC (19.0 vs 8.8 months; P=0.01). In multivariate analyses, serum SPARC remained as an independent predictor (HR 1.55; P=0.05). In MPM tumour samples, SPARC was present in the tumour cells and stromal fibroblasts. Cellular SPARC expression was higher in 5 out of 7 cell lines compared with two immortalized mesothelial lines. Neither cell lines nor xenograft tumours secreted detectable SPARC. Conclusions: Low circulating SPARC was associated with favourable prognosis. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine was present in both tumour cells and stromal fibroblasts; and our in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that stromal fibroblasts are a potential source of circulating SPARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Kao
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michaela B Kirschner
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
| | - Wendy A Cooper
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,University of Western Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2150, Australia
| | - Thang Tran
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Sjaak Burgers
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Casey Wright
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia
| | - Tiny Korse
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van den Broek
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - James Edelman
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Michael Vallely
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.,Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Brian McCaughan
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Sydney Cardiothoracic Surgeons, RPAH Medical Centre, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Stephen Clarke
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Mark P Molloy
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Nico van Zandwijk
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, PO Box 3628, Rhodes, Sydney, NSW2139, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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Han W, Cao F, Chen MB, Lu RZ, Wang HB, Yu M, Shi CT, Ding HZ. Prognostic Value of SPARC in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145803. [PMID: 26731428 PMCID: PMC4701416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a heated debate on whether the prognostic value of SPARC is favorable or unfavorable. Thus, we carried out a meta-analysis evaluating the relationship between SPARC expression and the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science for relevant articles. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95%CI of overall survival (OS) were calculated to evaluate the prognostic value of SPARC expression in patients with pancreatic cancer. We also performed subgroup analyses. RESULTS With 1623 patients pooled from 10 available studies, the incorporative HR showed an unfavorable prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer in the multivariate analysis (HR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.11-2.17, P = 0.01), but not in univariate analysis (HR = 1.41, 95%CI: 0.47-4.21, P = 0.54) and estimate (HR = 1.24, 95%CI: 0.72-2.13, P = 0.44). And this adverse impact could also be found in the subgroup analyses in multivariate analysis, especially in the stroma (HR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.05-2.24, P = 0.03). However, the combined HR had the highly significant heterogeneity. No obvious publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS SPARC might be an unfavorable indicator in patients with pancreatic cancer, especially in the stroma. More and further researches should be conducted to reveal the prognostic value of SPARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan Jiangsu, 215300, P. R. China
| | - Fang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan Jiangsu, 215300, P. R. China
| | - Min-bin Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan Jiangsu, 215300, P. R. China
| | - Rong-zhu Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, 212001, P. R. China
| | - Hua-bing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan Jiangsu, 215300, P. R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan Jiangsu, 215300, P. R. China
| | - Chun-tao Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan Jiangsu, 215300, P. R. China
| | - Hou-zhong Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan Jiangsu, 215300, P. R. China
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16
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Zhu GC, Gao L, He J, Long Y, Liao S, Wang H, Li X, Yi W, Pei Z, Wu M, Xiang J, Peng S, Ma J, Zhou M, Zeng Z, Xiang B, Xiong W, Tang K, Cao L, Li X, Li G, Zhou Y. CD90 is upregulated in gastric cancer tissues and inhibits gastric cancer cell apoptosis by modulating the expression level of SPARC protein. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2497-506. [PMID: 26329007 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 90 (CD90) (Thy-1) plays important roles in the oncogenesis in various types of malignancies. In the present study, we investigated the expression of CD90 in gastric cancer (GC) tissues by q-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and western blot technologies. The results showed that CD90 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues compared with the level in the adjacent non‑cancerous tissues. To explore the possible mechanism of CD90 in GC, we elucidated the effect of CD90 on the apoptosis of AGS gastric cancer cells, and found that a considerable decrease in apoptotic cells was observed for AGS cells with CD90 overexpression. Meanwhile, the rate of apoptotic cells was increased in the AGS cells with CD90 interference (siCD90) compared with that in the AGS cells. Cell apoptosis is closely related to a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium ion (Ca2+) concentrations. Our results showed that overexpression of CD90 in the AGS gastric cancer cells led to an increase in ΔΨm and a decrease in intracellular ROS and Ca2+ concentrations. At the same time, siCD90 reduced ΔΨm and the increase in intracellular ROS and Ca2+ concentrations. Furthermore, we identified and confirmed that CD90 functions by modulating the expression level of secreted protein, acidic, cysteine‑rich (osteonectin) (SPARC) in vitro through LC‑MS/MS analyses and western blot technology. In summary, our results suggest that CD90 is upregulated in gastric cancer and inhibits gastric cancer cell apoptosis by modulating the expression level of SPARC protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Chao Zhu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Lu Gao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Junyu He
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Long
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Shan Liao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Xujuan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yi
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Pei
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Shuping Peng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Ke Tang
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Li Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital and the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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17
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LI AODI, QU XIUJUAN, LI ZHI, QU JINGLEI, SONG NA, MA YANJU, LIU YUNPENG. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine antagonizes bufalin-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2926-32. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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Noorani L, Stenzel M, Liang R, Pourgholami MH, Morris DL. Albumin nanoparticles increase the anticancer efficacy of albendazole in ovarian cancer xenograft model. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:25. [PMID: 25890381 PMCID: PMC4409778 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poor prognosis of patients with drug resistant ovarian cancer and the lack of targeted therapy have raised the need for alternative treatments. Albendazole (ABZ) is an anti-parasite compound capable of impairing microtubule formation. We hypothesized that ABZ could be repurposed as a potential anti-angiogenic drug due to its potent inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ovarian cancer with ascites. However, the poor aqueous solubility of ABZ limits its potential for cancer therapy. In this study, we have assembled ABZ with bovine serum albumin into nanoparticles with a size range of 7–10 nm (BSA-ABZ) and 200–250 nm (Nab-ABZ). We further examined the anticancer effects of ABZ carrying nanoparticles in ovarian cancer cells, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Results Drug release studies demonstrated that about 93% of ABZ was released from BSA-ABZ 10 nm in comparison to 83% from Nab-ABZ 200 nm at pH 7.4 in 8 days. In vitro cell proliferation studies showed that the BSA-ABZ 10 nm exhibited the highest killing efficacy of ovarian cancer cells with surprisingly least toxicity to healthy ovarian epithelial cells. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis (FACS) revealed more efficient internalization of the BSA-ABZ 10 nm by cancer cells. For in vivo studies, we examined the tumor growth, ascites formation and the expression of VEGF and secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) in tumor samples and only VEGF in plasma samples. The BSA-ABZ 10 nm reduced the tumor burden significantly (p < 0.02) at a much lower drug dose (10 μg/ml) compare to free drug. Both formulations were capable of suppressing the ascites volume significantly (p < 0.05) and reducing the number of ascites cells. The expression of VEGF and SPARC was also reduced, which indicates the underlying therapeutic mechanism of the ABZ. Conclusion Our data suggest that the BSA-ABZ may hold promise for the treatment and control of progression of ovarian cancer with ascites. However further studies are required to examine the efficacy of both the formulations in aggressive models of recurrent ovarian cancer with respect to particle size and dosing parameters. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-015-0082-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Noorani
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Surgery, St. George Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
| | - Martina Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Roger Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mohammad H Pourgholami
- Department of Surgery, St. George Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
| | - David L Morris
- Department of Surgery, St. George Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.
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19
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Comparative proteomic analysis of fibrosarcoma and skin fibroblast cell lines. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:561-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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20
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Nagaraju GP, Dontula R, El-Rayes BF, Lakka SS. Molecular mechanisms underlying the divergent roles of SPARC in human carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:967-73. [PMID: 24675529 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Communication between the cell and its surrounding environment, consisting of proteinaceous (non-living material) and extracellular matrix (ECM), is important for biophysiological and chemical signaling. This signaling results in a range of cellular activities, including cell division, adhesion, differentiation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis. The ECM non-structural secretory glycoprotein called secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), plays a significant role in altering cancer cell activity and the tumor's microenvironment (TME). However, the role of SPARC in cancer research has been the subject of controversy. This review mainly focuses on recent advances in understanding the contradictory nature of SPARC in relation to ECM assembly, cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, apoptosis and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and
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21
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Nian Q, Xiao Q, Wang L, Luo J, Chen LP, Yang ZS, Liu L. SPARC silencing inhibits the growth of acute myeloid leukemia transformed from myelodysplastic syndrome via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:856-62. [PMID: 24535175 PMCID: PMC3976133 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) plays key roles in erythropoiesis; haploinsufficiency of SPARC is implicated in the progression of the 5q- syndrome. However, the role of SPARC in other subtypes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is not fully understood, particularly in the del(5q) type with a complex karyotype, which has a high risk to transform into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the present study, we investigated the role of SPARC in the proliferation and apoptosis of SKM-1 cells, an acute myeloid leukemia cell line transformed from an MDS cell line. SKM-1 cells were infected with SPARC-RNAi-LV or NC-GFP-LV lentivirus. Apoptosis and cell cycle profiling were assessed by flow cytometry, and cell proliferation was evaluated by MTS assay. The mRNA and protein expression levels of SPARC, p53, caspase-3, caspase-9 and Fas were detected by RT-PCR, real-time PCR and western blot assay. The SPARC shRNA constructed by us led to a significant reduction in SPARC expression in SKM-1 cells. SPARC knockdown inhibited the proliferation of SKM-1 cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G1/G0 phase and apoptosis. SPARC knockdown elevated the expression of p53, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Fas at both the mRNA and protein levels. SPARC silencing inhibited the growth of AML transformed from MDS by activating p53-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. These data indicate that SPARC acts as an oncogene in transformed MDS/AML and is a potential therapeutic target in MDS/AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Nian
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Song Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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22
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Sato T, Oshima T, Yamamoto N, Yamada T, Hasegawa S, Yukawa N, Numata K, Kunisaki C, Tanaka K, Shiozawa M, Yoshikawa T, Akaike M, Rino Y, Imada T, Masuda M. Clinical significance of SPARC gene expression in patients with gastric cancer. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:364-8. [PMID: 24018911 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is one of the first known matricellular proteins that modulates interactions between cells and extracellular matrix. Recent studies investigated the clinical significance of SPARC gene expression in the development, progression, and metastasis of cancer. The present study examined the relations of the relative expression of the SPARC gene to clinicopathological factors and overall survival in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS We studied surgical specimens of cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa obtained from 227 patients with previously untreated gastric cancer. The relative expression levels of SPARC mRNA in cancer tissue and in adjacent normal mucosa were measured by quantitative real-time, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The relative expression level of the SPARC gene was higher in cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa. High expression levels of the SPARC gene were related to serosal invasion (P = 0.046). Overall survival at 5 years differed significantly between patients with high SPARC gene expression and those with low expression (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of the SPARC gene may be a useful independent predictor of outcomes in patients with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
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Wang XX, Yang M, Zhang YQ. Progress in understanding role of SPARC protein in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:409-414. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i5.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SPARC is a cysteine-rich secretory protein that is highly conservative and shares >70% amino acid sequence homology across all kinds of living organisms. The single-copy gene encoding the SPARC protein is located on human chromosome 5q31.3-q32, consists of 10 exons, and has a full length of 25 900 bp. SPARC protein is mainly expressed in tissue repair-related fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and high expression of SPARC protein has been noted in some aggressive malignant tumors. The incidence and mortality of gastric cancer are high in China, and the high mortality is closely related with tumor invasion and metastasis. SPARC protein is abnormally expressed in gastric carcinoma, and there is still controversy over the role of SPARC in gastric carcinoma. In this paper we review recent progress in understanding the role of SPARC protein in gastric cancer.
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Short-term outcomes of albumin-bound paclitaxel (abraxane)-containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced gastric cancer: a report of 14 cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10330-012-1097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nagaraju GP, EI-Rayes BF. SPARC and DNA methylation: Possible diagnostic and therapeutic implications in gastrointestinal cancers. Cancer Lett 2013; 328:10-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lin ZY, Chuang WL. Genes responsible for the characteristics of primary cultured invasive phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 66:454-8. [PMID: 22681909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The common genes responsible for the characteristics of primary cultured invasive phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were investigated. Primary cultured HCC cells from three patients were separated by Matrigel invasion into parent and invasive cells. Whole human genome oligo microarray was applied to detect the differentially expressed genes in invasive cells. A purchased HCC cell line (HA 22T/VGH) was studied for comparison. Forty genes were consistently up-regulated and 14 genes were consistently down-regulated among primary cultured invasive cells. Among these genes, only three up-regulated genes (CNN1, PLAT, SPARC) and one down-regulated tumor suppressor gene (MDFI) had same expressions in invasive cells originated from purchased cell line. For primary cultured invasive cells, differential expressions of several groups of common genes are known to have capacities to promote proliferation (CAV1, IL6, PLAT, RRAD, SRPX), remodeling of extracellular matrix (COL1A1, COL1A2, NID2, TNC, RELN, SPARC), migration (ACTG2, CAV1, CCL2, CCL26, CDC42EP3, CNN1, PHLDB2, PLAT, RRAD, SRPX), implantation (IL6), immune escape (CD70) and angiogenesis (CCL2, IL6, IL18, PLAT, SLIT3). Two genes related to signal transduction (AXL, RASL10B) and one related to metabolism (PTGS2) also showed consistent expressions. Differential expressions of these genes are capable for tumor invasiveness. In conclusion, the characteristics of invasive phenotype HCC cells are originated from differential expressions of several groups of genes rather than few target genes. This information may give us a new insight to design new stratagems in HCC treatment. Analysis of the results from a purchased cell line may have bias due to long-term repeated in vitro cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Yau Lin
- Cancer Center and Division of Hepatobiliary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Chen J, Wang M, Xi B, Xue J, He D, Zhang J, Zhao Y. SPARC is a key regulator of proliferation, apoptosis and invasion in human ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42413. [PMID: 22879971 PMCID: PMC3411787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a calcium-binding matricellular glycoprotein, is implicated in the progression of many cancers. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of SPARC in ovarian cancer. Methods cDNA microarray analysis was performed to compare gene expression profiles of the highly invasive and the low invasive subclones derived from the SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell line. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed to investigate SPARC expression in a total of 140 ovarian tissue specimens. In functional assays, effects of SPARC knockdown on the biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells were investigated. The mechanisms of SPARC in ovarian cancer proliferation, apoptosis and invasion were also researched. Results SPARC was overexpressed in the highly invasive subclone compared with the low invasive subclone. High SPARC expression was associated with high stage, low differentiation, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. Knockdown of SPARC expression significantly suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell invasion and metastasis. Conclusion SPARC is overexpressed in highly invasive subclone and ovarian cancer tissues and plays an important role in ovarian cancer growth, apoptosis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Xue
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dan He
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (YZ)
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (YZ)
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Winder T, Wilson PM, Yang D, Zhang W, Ning Y, Power DG, Bohanes P, Gerger A, Tang LH, Shah M, Lenz HJ. An individual coding polymorphism and the haplotype of the SPARC gene predict gastric cancer recurrence. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2012; 13:342-8. [PMID: 22491017 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2012.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The 5-year survival rate for gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) remains only 40% and biomarkers to identify patients at high risk of tumor recurrence are urgently needed. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that mediates cell matrix interactions, and upregulation of SPARC can promote tumor progression and metastasis. This study investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SPARC impact the prognosis of GA. Blood or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were obtained from 137 GA patients at the University of Southern California and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center medical facilities. DNA was isolated and five SNPs in the SPARC 3'-untranslated region (UTR) were evaluated by DNA sequencing or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Associations between SNPs and time to tumor recurrence (TTR) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank tests, and likelihood-ratio test within logistic or Cox regression model as appropriate. Patients carrying at least one G allele of the SPARC rs1059829 polymorphism (GG, AG) showed a median TTR of 3.7 years compared with 2.1 years TTR for patients with AA (hazard ratio (HR) 0.57; P=0.033). In a multivariate analysis adjusted for T and N category as covariates and stratified by race, hospital and chemotherapy, patients with at least one SPARC rs1059829 G allele (GG, AG) remained significantly associated with superior TTR than patients with AA genotype (adjusted P=0.026). In addition, patients harboring the G-A-A haplotype had the highest risk of tumor recurrence (HR 1.892; adjusted P=0.016). Our findings suggest that SPARC 3'-UTR SNPs may be useful in predicting GA patients at increased risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Winder
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ji SQ, Yao L, Zhang XY, Li XS, Zhou LQ. Knockdown of the nucleosome binding protein 1 inhibits the growth and invasion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2012; 31:22. [PMID: 22420896 PMCID: PMC3325891 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nucleosome binding protein 1 (HMGN5/NSBP1) is a member of the HMGN protein family and is highly expressed in several kinds of cancer. Nevertheless, the role of NSBP1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to confirm the oncogenic role of NSBP1 in ccRCC using in vitro and in vivo models and explore the mechanism by which NSBP1 contributes to ccRCC tumorigenesis. METHODS NSBP1 expression was detected in renal tissues from 152 ccRCC patients by immunohistochemistry, and examined in ccRCC cell lines by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. ccRCC cells were transfected by NSBP1 RNAi and cell viability, apoptosis and invasion were detected by cell vitality test, flow cytometry and transwell assay in vitro. Xenograft in nude mice was also employed to examine the tumorigenesis of ccRCC cells depleted of NSBP1. RESULTS Immunohistostaining showed strong immunoreactivity of NSBP1 in all ccRCC tissues and NSBP1 expression level was associated with tumor grade (p = 0.04). NSBP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels was high in ccRCC cell lines. Knockdown of NSBP1 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited invasion in 786-O cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated increased expression of Bax and decreased expression of Bcl-2, CyclinB1, VEGF, VEGFR-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, c-fos and c-jun in 786-O cells depleted of NSBP1. In vivo study further showed that knockdown of NSBP1 affected the tumorigenesis of ccRCC cells in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS NSBP1 plays oncogenic role in ccRCCs by promoting cell proliferation and invasion, and could be exploited as a target for ccRCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Matricellular proteins: a sticky affair with cancers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:351089. [PMID: 22481923 PMCID: PMC3306981 DOI: 10.1155/2012/351089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The multistep process of metastasis is a major hallmark of cancer progression involving the cointeraction and coevolution of the tumor and its microenvironment. In the tumor microenvironment, tumor cells and the surrounding stromal cells aberrantly secrete matricellular proteins, which are a family of nonstructural proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that exert regulatory roles via a variety of molecular mechanisms. Matricellular proteins provide signals that support tumorigenic activities characteristic of the metastastic cascade such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transition, angiogenesis, tumor cell motility, proliferation, invasion, evasion from immune surveillance, and survival of anoikis. Herein, we review the current understanding of the following matricellular proteins and highlight their pivotal and multifacted roles in metastatic progression: angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), CCN family members cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) and CCN6, osteopontin (OPN), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), tenascin C (TNC), and thrombospondin-1 and -2 (TSP1, TSP2). Insights into the signaling mechanisms resulting from the interaction of these matricellular proteins and their respective molecular partner(s), as well as their subsequent contribution to tumor metastasis, are discussed. In addition, emerging evidences of their promising potential as therapeutic options and/or targets in the treatment of cancer are also highlighted.
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