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Gao X, Han W, Chen L, Li H, Zhou F, Bai B, Yan J, Guo Y, Liu K, Li W, Li R, Yuan Q, Zhang J, Lu Y, Zhao X, Ji G, Li M, Zhao Q, Wu K, Li Z, Nie Y. Association of CDX2 and mucin expression with chemotherapeutic benefits in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17613-17631. [PMID: 37602699 PMCID: PMC10523976 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better predictors of patients with stage II/III gastric cancer (GC) most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy are urgently needed. This study aimed to assess the ability of CDX2 and mucin markers to predict prognosis and fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy benefits. METHODS CDX2 and mucin protein expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry and compared with survival and adjuvant chemotherapy benefits in a prospective evaluation cohort of 782 stage II/III GC patients. Then, the main findings were validated in an independent validation cohort (n = 386) and an external mRNA sequencing dataset (ACRG cohort, n = 193). RESULTS In the evaluation cohort, CDX2, CD10, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 expressions were observed in 59.7%, 26.7%, 27.6%, 55.1%, and 57.7% of patients, respectively. However, only the expression of CDX2 was found to be associated with adjuvant chemotherapy benefits. Most importantly, CDX2-negative patients had a poorer prognosis when treated with surgery only, while the prognosis of CDX2-negative and CDX2-positive patients was similar when receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Further analysis revealed that patients with CDX2 negative tumors benefited from chemotherapy (5-year overall survival rates: 60.0% with chemotherapy vs. 23.2% with surgery-only, p < 0.001), whereas patients with CDX2 positive tumors did not (pinteraction = 0.004). Consistent results were obtained in the validation and ACRG cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Negative expression of CDX2 is an independent risk factor for survival in stage II/III GC, but subsequent adjuvant chemotherapy is able to compensate for this unfavorable effect. Therefore, active chemotherapy is more urgent for patients with negative CDX2 expression than for patients with positive CDX2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of Health Statistics, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Preventive MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Weili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fenli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Bin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Junya Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenjiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Renlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qiangqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiehao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuanyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiaodi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Gang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Mengbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zengshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic MedicineFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive DiseasesFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Liu H, Zhang X, Fang C, Li S. Resveratrol induces the growth inhibition of CDX-deficient gastric cancer cells using CDX2 and RUNX3 via the β-catenin/TCF4 signaling pathway. Transl Oncol 2023; 35:101727. [PMID: 37354639 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the expression levels of runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) and caudal-related homeobox 2 (CDX2) in patients with chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, atypical hyperplasia, and gastric cancer (GC). To analyze the overexpression of CDX2 and the effects of resveratrol (Res) on MKN7 and TMK1 cells, immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the protein expression levels in tissue samples. The biological activity of MKN7 and TMK1 cells was determined. Relative mRNA and protein expression levels were also determined. RUNX3 expression was positively correlated with CDX2 expression and negatively correlated with β-catenin and transcription factor 4 (TCF-4) levels in GC tissues. Interestingly, RUNX3 expression was negatively correlated with CDX2 expression in other tissues. CDX2 overexpression or Res treatment inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while inducing cell apoptosis. Furthermore, RUNX3 and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (Bax) expression levels were increased, while those of of β-catenin, TCF-4, and Bcl-2 were decreased in the CDX2 group. Upon treatment with lithium chloride (LiCl), the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CDX2-overexpressing MKN7 and TMK1 cells were enhanced. Our results indicate that Res inhibits the growth of MKN7 and TMK1 cells by increasing RUNX3 and CDX2 expression levels, with the potential involvement of the β-catenin/TCF-4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Can Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shuguang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Yantai, Shandong, China.
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3
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Hao Y, Liu BL, Liang Y, Xiong Y, Polydorides AD, Ward S. Further prognostic stratification of intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma by CDX2 expression pattern. Hum Pathol 2023; 131:61-67. [PMID: 36403867 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most deadly malignancies worldwide. It is routinely divided into 2 common histologic subtypes by the Lauren classification, intestinal type and diffuse type. In recent years, the intestinal type of gastric cancer has been found to represent a heterogeneous disease with divergent prognosis. Our objective was to investigate the CDX2/CK7 immunohistochemical pattern and its role in further stratifying this type of gastric cancer. Gastrectomy cases with a diagnosis of the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma from a single large institution between 2008 and 2022 were collected. Forty-four cases with available blocks and enough tumor tissue were included in this study. Four different immunohistochemical patterns were identified: CDX2+/CK7+ (40.9%), CDX2-/CK7+ (34.1%), CDX2+/CK7- (18.2%), and CDX2-/CK7- (6.8%). Compared to CDX2-negative cases, CDX2-positive ones are more likely to present better prognostic histopathological features including early stage, less perineural and lymphovascular invasion, and lower nodal metastasis. In addition, CDX2 expression was associated with specific molecular features like HER2 overexpression and genetic alterations of receptor tyrosine kinase (TRK) genes including EGFR, ERBB2, ERBB3, DDR2, and MET. In conclusion, according to the CDX2 expression pattern, the intestinal type of gastric cancer could be further divided into 2 subgroups, which have different histopathological and molecular features and different prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Hao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, NY, 14620, USA.
| | - Bella Lingjia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Yuanxin Liang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Yiqin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Alexandros D Polydorides
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Stephen Ward
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Paul U, Banerjee S. The functional significance and cross-talk of non-coding RNAs in triple negative and quadruple negative breast cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6899-6918. [PMID: 35235157 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide is breast cancer, among which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant and lethal subtype. This cancer accounts for 10-20% of all breast cancer deaths. Proliferation, tumorigenesis, and prognosis of TNBC are affected when the androgen receptor (AR) is not expressed, and it is classified as quadruple negative breast cancer (QNBC). Non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a significant role in tumorigenesis by virtue of their oncogenic and tumor-suppressive properties. To regulate tumorigenesis, miRNAs interact with their target mRNAs and modulate their expression, whereas lncRNAs can either act alone or interact with miRNAs or other molecules through various signaling pathways. Conversely, circRNAs regulate tumorigenesis by acting as miRNA sponges predominantly. Recently, non-coding RNAs were studied comprehensively for their roles in tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis. As a result of existing studies and research progress, non-coding RNAs have been implicated in TNBC, necessitating their use as biomarkers for future diagnostic applications. In this review, the non-coding RNAs are explicitly implicated in the regulation of breast cancer, and their cross-talk between TNBC and QNBC is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpalendu Paul
- School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Kim K, Noh S, Cheong JH, Kim H. CDX-1/CDX-2 Expression Is a Favorable Prognostic Factor in Epstein-Barr Virus-Negative, Mismatch Repair-Proficient Advanced Gastric Cancers. Gut Liver 2021; 15:694-704. [PMID: 34312322 PMCID: PMC8444103 DOI: 10.5009/gnl20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Caudal type homeobox (CDX)-1 and -2 are reportedly involved in the development and progression of gastric cancer (GC). Although there are several reports on the prognostic significance of CDX-2 expression in GC, it remains controversial. In this study, we sought to validate the prognostic value of CDX-1 and -2 expression according to the histologic and molecular subtypes of GC. Methods In total, 1,158 cases of advanced GC were investigated using immunohistochemical staining and tissue microarrays for CDX-1 and -2 expression, and survival analysis was performed according to different histological and molecular subtypes. Results Of the 915 GCs with CDX-1 expression, 163 (17.8%) were Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive or mismatch repair deficient (MMR-d), and the remaining 752 (82.2%) were EBV-negative or MMR-proficient (MMR-p). Of the 1,008 GCs with CDX-2 expression, 177 (17.5%) were EBV-positive or MMR-d, and the remaining 831 (82.5%) were EBV-negative or MMR-p. In the EBV-positive and MMR-d groups, CDX expression had no relationship with patient outcomes. In the EBV-negative and MMR-p groups, 404 (53.7%) and 523 (62.9%) samples were positive for CDX-1 and CDX-2 expression, respectively. Survival analysis demonstrated that CDX-1 and CDX-2 expression in all patients was correlated with favorable outcomes in terms of overall survival (multivariate analysis; p=0.018 and p=0.028, respectively). In the subgroup analysis, CDX-1 expression and CDX-2 expression were associated with favorable outcomes in EBV-negative and MMR-p intestinal (p=0.015 and p=0.010), and mixed and diffuse-type (p=0.019 and p=0.042) GCs, respectively. Conclusions The expression of CDX-1 and CDX-2 is a favorable prognostic factor in EBV-negative, MMR-p advanced GC. (Gut Liver 2021;15-704)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Songmi Noh
- Department of Pathology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunki Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Chai D, Du H, Li K, Zhang X, Li X, Zhao X, Lian X, Xu Y. CDX2 and Reg IV expression and correlation in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:92. [PMID: 33639844 PMCID: PMC7913228 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ectopic expression of CDX2 is associated with the development and progression of gastric cancer. Previous studies showed that CDX2 may be an upstream regulator of Reg IV expression in gastric cancer, and our previous report showed that Reg IV upregulated SOX9 expression and enhanced cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells. However, the regulatory roles of CDX2 have not been clarified in gastric cancer, and the correlation between CDX2 and Reg IV requires further study. Methods CDX2 and Reg IV were examined in gastric cancer specimens and paired adjacent tissues via real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between CDX2 and Reg IV was assessed using the χ2-test and Spearman’s rank correlation. To verify their relationship, knockdown and exogenous expression of CDX2 or Reg IV were performed in AGS and MKN-45 gastric cancer cells, and their expression was subsequently analyzed via a real-time PCR and western blotting. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to examine migration and invasion in AGS and MKN-45 cells following CDX2 silencing or overexpression. Results A positive correlation was observed between CDX2 and Reg IV expression at the mRNA and protein levels in gastric cancer tissues. CDX2 silencing significantly downregulated Reg IV expression, and CDX2 overexpression significantly upregulated Reg IV expression in AGS and MKN-45 cells. Neither Reg IV silencing nor overexpression had any effect on CDX2 protein expression in AGS or MKN-45 cells, even though both affected the expression of CDX2 mRNA. Functionally, CDX2 silencing significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, and CDX2 overexpression significantly promoted cell migration and invasion in AGS and MKN-45 cells. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that CDX2 expression was positively correlated with that of Reg IV in gastric cancer, and CDX2 promoted cell migration and invasion through upregulation of Reg IV expression in AGS and MKN-45 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chai
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Huifen Du
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Kesheng Li
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China.
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaowen Lian
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
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Liu H, Yan R, Liang L, Zhang H, Xiang J, Liu L, Zhang X, Mao Y, Peng W, Xiao Y, Zhang F, Zhou Y, Shi M, Wang Y, Guo B. The role of CDX2 in renal tubular lesions during diabetic kidney disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6782-6803. [PMID: 33621200 PMCID: PMC7993706 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubules are vulnerable targets of various factors causing kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and the degree of tubular lesions is closely related to renal function. Abnormal renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) differentiation and depletion of cell junction proteins are important in DKD pathogenesis. Caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2), represents a key nuclear transcription factor that maintains normal proliferation and differentiation of the intestinal epithelium. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of CDX2 on RTECs differentiation and cell junction proteins in DKD. The results demonstrated that CDX2 was mainly localized in renal tubules, and downregulated in various DKD models. CDX2 upregulated E-cadherin and suppressed partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which can alleviate hyperglycemia-associated RTECs injury. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was regulated by CDX2 in NRK-52E cells, and CFTR interfered with β-catenin activation by binding to Dvl2, which is an essential component of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CFTR knockdown abolished the suppressive effects of CDX2 on Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thereby upregulating cell junction proteins and inhibiting partial EMT in RTECs. In summary, CDX2 can improve renal tubular lesions during DKD by increasing CFTR amounts to suppress the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Luqun Liang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiayi Xiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaohuan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yanwen Mao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuxia Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Mingjun Shi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Chen HY, Hu Y, Lu NH, Zhu Y. Caudal type homeoboxes as a driving force in Helicobacter pylori infection-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-12. [PMID: 33031021 PMCID: PMC7553748 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1809331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
(H. pylori), a common pathogenic bacterium in the stomach, has been demonstrated to be a major cause of gastric cancer (GC). The typical pathological evolution of H. pylori infection-induced GC involves development from gastric atrophy, via intestinal metaplasia (IM) and dysplasia, to intestinal-type GC. During this process, IM is considered to be an "irreversible point" that significantly increases the risk for GC. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanism underlying IM is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of gastric mucosal carcinogenesis associated with H. pylori infection. Caudal type homeoboxes (CDXs) are transcription factors involved in intestinal differentiation establishment and the maintenance of normal intestinal mucosa and IM. H. pylori infection increases the expression of CDXs through epigenetic regulation, the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway and its downstream proinflammatory factors, and the transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, leading to the progression from normal gastric mucosa to IM. However, the precise mechanisms of gastric intestinal metaplasia have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we focus on research progress revealing the functions of CDXs in H. pylori infection-induced IM, as well as the regulators modulating this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China,CONTACT Yin Zhu Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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Zhou C, Zhong X, Song Y, Shi J, Wu Z, Guo Z, Sun J, Wang Z. Prognostic Biomarkers for Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review of the Evidence. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1321. [PMID: 31850212 PMCID: PMC6895018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers are biological molecules entirely or partially participating in cancerous processes that function as measurable indicators of abnormal changes in the human body microenvironment. Aiming to provide an overview of associations between prognostic biomarkers and gastric cancer (GC), we performed this umbrella review analyzing currently available meta-analyses and grading the evidence depending on the credibility of their associations. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted by two independent investigators of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Databases to identify meta-analyses investigating associations between prognostic biomarkers and GC. The strength of evidence for prognostic biomarkers for GC were categorized into four grades: strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, and weak. Results: Among 120 associations between prognostic biomarkers and GC survival outcomes, only one association, namely the association between platelet count and GC OS, was supported by strong evidence. Associations between FITC, CEA, NLR, foxp3+ Treg lymphocytes (both 1- and 3-year OS), CA 19-9, or VEGF and GC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence. Four associations were considered suggestive and the remaining 108 associations were supported by weak or not suggestive evidence. Discussion: The association between platelet count and GC OS was supported by strong evidence. Associations between FITC, CEA, NLR, foxp3+ Treg lymphocytes (both 1- and 3-year OS), CA 19-9, or VEGF and GC OS were supported by highly suggestive evidence, however, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to inadequate methodological quality as deemed by AMSTAR 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinxin Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhexu Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Hao S, Ren M, Li D, Sui Y, Wang Q, Chen G, Li Z, Yang Q. Fisher linear discriminant analysis for classification and prediction of genomic susceptibility to stomach and colorectal cancers based on six STR loci in a northern Chinese Han population. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7004. [PMID: 31179189 PMCID: PMC6544021 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Gastrointestinal cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The aim of this study was to verify whether the genotype of six short tandem repeat (STR) loci including AR, Bat-25, D5S346, ER1, ER2, and FGA is associated with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) and to develop a model that allows early diagnosis and prediction of inherited genomic susceptibility to GC and CRC. Methods Alleles of six STR loci were determined using the peripheral blood of six colon cancer patients, five rectal cancer patients, eight GC patients, and 30 healthy controls. Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FDA) was used to establish the discriminant formula to distinguish GC and CRC patients from healthy controls. Leave-one-out cross validation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to validate the accuracy of the formula. The relationship between the STR status and immunohistochemical (IHC) and tumor markers was analyzed using multiple correspondence analysis. Results D5S346 was confirmed as a GC- and CRC-related STR locus. For the first time, we established a discriminant formula on the basis of the six STR loci, which was used to estimate the risk coefficient of suffering from GC and CRC. The model was statistically significant (Wilks’ lambda = 0.471, χ2 = 30.488, df = 13, and p = 0.004). The results of leave-one-out cross validation showed that the sensitivity of the formula was 73.7% and the specificity was 76.7%. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.926, with a sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 93.3%. The STR status was shown to have a certain relationship with the expression of some IHC markers and the level of some tumor markers. Conclusions The results of this study complement clinical diagnostic criteria and present markers for early prediction of GC and CRC. This approach will aid in improving risk awareness of susceptible individuals and contribute to reducing the incidence of GC and CRC by prevention and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Hao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yujie Sui
- Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Gaoyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhaoyan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qiwei Yang
- Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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11
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Liu W, Pan HF, Wang Q, Zhao ZM. The application of transgenic and gene knockout mice in the study of gastric precancerous lesions. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:1929-1939. [PMID: 30477641 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastric intestinal metaplasia is a precursor for gastric dysplasia, which is in turn, a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastric metaplasia and dysplasia are known as gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs), which are essential stages in the progression from normal gastric mucosa to gastric cancer (GC) or gastric adenocarcinoma. Genetically-engineered mice have become essential tools in various aspects of GC research, including mechanistic studies and drug discovery. Studies in mouse models have contributed significantly to our understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms underlying GPLs and GC. With the development and improvement of gene transfer technology, investigators have created a variety of transgenic and gene knockout mouse models for GPLs, such as H/K-ATPase transgenic and knockout mutant mice and gastrin gene knockout mice. Combined with Helicobacter infection, and treatment with chemical carcinogens, these mice develop GPLs or GC and thus provide models for studying the molecular biology of GC, which may lead to the discovery and development of novel drugs. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the use of genetically-engineered mouse models for GPL research, with particular emphasis on the importance of examining the gastric mucosa at the histological level to investigate morphological changes of GPL and GC and associated protein and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Hua-Feng Pan
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zi-Ming Zhao
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Research Institute of T.C.M., Guangzhou 510095, China
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12
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Khosravi A, Alizadeh S, Jalili A, Shirzad R, Saki N. The impact of Mir-9 regulation in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Oncol Rev 2018; 12:348. [PMID: 29774136 PMCID: PMC5939831 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2018.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-9 (MiR-9) dysregulation has been observed in various cancers. Recently, MiR-9 is considered to have a part in hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies. However, its importance in blood neoplasms is not yet well defined. Thus, this study was conducted in order to assess the significance of MiR-9 role in the development of hematologic neoplasia, prognosis, and treatment approaches. We have shown that a large number of MiR-9 targets (such as FOXOs, SIRT1, CCND1, ID2, CCNG1, Ets, and NFkB) play essential roles in leukemogenesis and that it is overexpressed in different leukemias. Our findings indicated MiR-9 downregulation in a majority of leukemias. However, its overexpression was reported in patients with dysregulated MiR-9 controlling factors (such as MLLr). Additionally, prognostic value of MiR-9 has been reported in some types of leukemia. This study generally emphasizes on the critical role of MiR-9 in hematologic malignancies as a prognostic factor and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khosravi
- Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medi-cine, Tehran
| | - Shaban Alizadeh
- Hematology Department, Allied Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Arsalan Jalili
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology at Cell Science Re-search Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran
| | - Reza Shirzad
- WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jun-dishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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13
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Kinoshita H, Hayakawa Y, Koike K. Metaplasia in the Stomach-Precursor of Gastric Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102063. [PMID: 28953255 PMCID: PMC5666745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a significant decrease in the incidence of gastric cancer in Western countries over the past century, gastric cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Most human gastric cancers develop after long-term Helicobacter pylori infection via the Correa pathway: the progression is from gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, to cancer. However, it remains unclear whether metaplasia is a direct precursor of gastric cancer or merely a marker of high cancer risk. Here, we review human studies on the relationship between metaplasia and cancer in the stomach, data from mouse models of metaplasia regarding the mechanism of metaplasia development, and the cellular responses induced by H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Yoku Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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14
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Saito M, Okayama H, Saito K, Ando J, Kumamoto K, Nakamura I, Ohki S, Ishi Y, Takenoshita S. CDX2 is involved in microRNA-associated inflammatory carcinogenesis in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6184-6190. [PMID: 29113265 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of gastric cancer is significantly associated with chronic inflammation, such as caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) is a homeobox protein involved in intestinal differentiation in normal and in aberrant locations, and is associated with inflammation. The authors of the present study have previously reported that CDX2 may have a suppressive role in the progression and carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma. In the present study, the authors initially confirmed that a decreased expression of CDX2, as detected by immunohistochemistry, is associated with poor cancer-specific survival in 210 gastric cancer cases, which is consistent with several previously published studies. To elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying this association, the authors investigated the mechanism of CDX2 suppression, which included interleukin (IL)-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and p53 signaling pathways. The present study confirmed that CDX2 was suppressed by activation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway via miR-181b in vitro. It was further revealed that gastric cancer with negative CDX2 expression is associated with negative p53 staining, and this association was particularly significant in undifferentiated gastric cancer. The activation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway suppressed miR-34a, which is induced by p53. This suggests that the activation of the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway inflammation signaling pathway suppresses the p53 signaling pathway in tumors without TP53 mutation, which results in poor prognostic outcomes. In conclusion, CDX2 may be a useful prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer and is associated with p53 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonobu Saito
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.,Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okayama
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Katsuharu Saito
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Jin Ando
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kumamoto
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Izumi Nakamura
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohki
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ishi
- Department of Surgery, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, 2-5-20 Nishinouchi, Koriyama 963-8558, Japan
| | - Seiichi Takenoshita
- Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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15
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Homeobox protein CDX2 as a prognostic biomarker in solid malignancies: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89160-89172. [PMID: 29179508 PMCID: PMC5687678 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CDX2 is a caudal-homeobox gene and its expression is abnormal in numerous tumour cell types. Nevertheless, its prognostic value for solid tumours requires further investigation. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the significance of CDX2 as a prognostic biomarker in solid malignancies systematically. Materials and Methods We performed a systematic literature search in PUBMED and EMBASE up to May 2017. Retrospective studies comparing the prognostic value of different CDX2 levels in human malignancies were included. Data extractions and methodological assessments were performed separately by two investigators using a standard procedure. The statistical procedures were performed using Review Manager 5.3 and STATA/MP 14.0. Results A total of 26 retrospective studies met the inclusion criteria and comprised 5008 participants. Patients with CDX2 overexpression had significantly better 3-year, 5-year, 10-year and disease-free survival outcomes in solid malignancies, regardless of the cancer type, mean age, and source region. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in the patients from Europe. The expression level of CDX2 was not statistically associated with cancer relapse. Moreover, our analysis showed that CDX2 overexpression is correlated to better responses to chemotherapy in patients with TNM IV stage cancers. The stability of the pooled outcomes was verified by sensitivity analysis. The funnel plots, Egger's test and Begg's test jointly confirmed that there was no publication bias. Conclusions Overexpression of CDX2 is a reliable biomarker of a better prognosis in solid malignancies.
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Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling n-Butyl Alcohol Extract Inhibits AGS Cell Helicobacter pyloriCagA+VacA+ Promoted Invasiveness by Down-Regulating Caudal Type Homeobox Transcription Factor and Claudin-2 Expression. Chin J Integr Med 2017; 26:122-129. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-017-2958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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ZHANG JIANFENG, QU LISHUAI, QIAN XUEFEN, XIA BEILEI, MAO ZHENBIAO, CHEN WEICHANG. Nuclear transcription factor CDX2 inhibits gastric cancer-cell growth and reverses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5231-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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18
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Wei W, Li L, Wang X, Yan L, Cao W, Zhan Z, Zhang X, Yu H, Xie Y, Xiao Q. Overexpression of caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 inhibits the growth of the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:905-12. [PMID: 25738600 PMCID: PMC4438918 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is important in intestinal cell fate specification and multiple lines of evidence have substantiated that CDX2 is important in carcinogenesis of the digestive tract. The CDX2 regulatory network is intricate and remains to be fully elucidated in gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of CDX2 on the growth of the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line in vivo, and to elucidate the mechanism involved. The effects of the overexpression of CDX2 in xenograft tumors of MGC-803 cells was investigated in nude mice through the injection of CDX2 recombinant lentiviral vectors. The tumor size was measured using vernier callipers. The expression levels of CDX2, survivin, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cyclin D1, s-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) and c-Myc in the tumor cells were analyzed by western blotting and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The apoptotic rates were determined using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay. The overexpression of CDX2 was observed in the group subjected to the injection of CDX2 recombinant lentiviral vectors. CDX2 had an inhibitory effect on the MGC-803 human gastric cancer cell line and promoted tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. Furthermore, the overexpression of CDX2 upregulated the expression of Bax and downregulated the expression levels of survivin, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, Skp2 and c-Myc in the tumor tissues. These results indicated that CDX2 may serve as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer, and inhibits gastric cancer cell growth by suppressing the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Wei
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Surgery, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Linhai Yan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Cao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zexu Zhan
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Yan LH, Wei WY, Xie YB, Xiao Q. New insights into the functions and localization of the homeotic gene CDX2 in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3960-3966. [PMID: 24744585 PMCID: PMC3983451 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent cancers, and it ranks the third most common cancer in China. The most recently caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) is expressed in a large number of human gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, gastric epithelial cell mutations in CDX2 result in tumor promotion, which is characterized by cellular drug resistance and a high proclivity for developing cancer. A series of publications over the past years suggests a mechanism by which CDX2 overexpression results in multidrug resistance. CDX2 appears to forward control regenerating IV and the multidrug resistance 1 expression signaling pathway for regulation of cell drug resistance.
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Schildberg CW, Abba M, Merkel S, Agaimy A, Dimmler A, Schlabrakowski A, Croner R, Leupold JH, Hohenberger W, Allgayer H. Gastric cancer patients less than 50 years of age exhibit significant downregulation of E-cadherin and CDX2 compared to older reference populations. Adv Med Sci 2014; 59:142-6. [PMID: 24797991 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is an increasing need to identify molecular markers, which can be used to prognosticate patient populations in gastric cancer. Whereas a significant number have been identified, very few have been characterized in the context of their ability to discriminate between young and old age groups in which a survival difference clearly exists. MATERIAL/METHODS In this study, using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated three markers with proven involvement in gastric cancer. The p53 tumor suppressor, the cell adhesion glycoprotein epithelial cadherin (CDH1) and the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor (CDX2) all of these have important roles in the aetiopathogenesis and/or progression of gastric cancer. RESULTS After adjustments for TNM stage, tumor grade, histopathological characteristics (Lauren classification), we found significant differences in the expression of these proteins, particularly E-cadherin and CDX2 between young and elderly patients. However, these differences did not amount to a significant difference in survival. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the protein expression of p53, CDH1 and CDX2 significantly discriminates young patients with gastric cancer who have a better prognostic outlook from older patients, but this difference in expression does not contribute to a survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammed Abba
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Cancer Registry, Department of Surgery, University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abbas Agaimy
- Institute of Pathology, University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arno Dimmler
- Department of Pathology, St. Vincentius Hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Roland Croner
- Department of Surgery, University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Hendrik Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery and Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Heidelberg and DKFZ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Association between interleukin-4 -590C > T polymorphism and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:3041-5. [PMID: 24272083 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies were performed to assess the association between IL-4 -590C > T polymorphism and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) risk, but no consensus was available up to now. We conducted a meta-analysis to examine the association between IL-4 -590C > T polymorphism and NHL risk. We used odds ratios (ORs) to assess the strength of the association and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to give a sense of the precision of the estimate. A total of six studies were found to be eligible for meta-analyses of IL-4 -590C > T variant. Results from this study showed that IL-4 -590C > T polymorphism was not significantly associated with NHL risk under all genetic models in overall population. Further sensitivity analysis confirmed the results. In subgroup analyses stratified by race, no significant association was found in either Caucasian or mixed populations. The meta-analysis indicated that elected -590C > T polymorphism of IL-4 may not be a risk factor for NHL development.
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Significance of glutathione peroxidase 1 and caudal-related homeodomain transcription factor in human gastric adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2013; 2013:380193. [PMID: 24228025 PMCID: PMC3818848 DOI: 10.1155/2013/380193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To investigate the expressions of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) and caudal-related homeodomain transcription factor (CDX2) in GAC and their correlation with clinicopathological features and tumor cell proliferation. Methods. The expressions of GPX1, CDX2, and Ki67 were immunohistochemically evaluated in 172 GAC specimens. The association of GPX1 and CDX2 with patient's clinicopathological features and Ki67 positive rate was analyzed statistically. Results. In 172 cases of GAC, the expression of GPX1 was weaker than that in adjacent normal mucosa, and the expression of CDX2 was higher than that in adjacent normal mucosa. High expression GPX1 strong-expression was associated with differentiation, Lauren type, WHO type and extensive lymph node metastasis of GAC. High expression of CDX2 was associated with differentiation, Lauren type, WHO type, extensive lymph node metastasis, and TNM of GAC. Survival curves showed that expressions of GPX1 and CDX2 were factors of good outcome (P = .03 and .02, resp.). According to multivariate analysis, only lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and CDX2 expression were independently associated with survival. In addition, a strong association of GPX1 expression was noted with Ki67 and CDX2. Conclusions. The expression of GPX1 and CDX2 may play a role in the carcinogenesis, differentiation, and progression of GAC, and CDX2 may be an independent prognostic factor.
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