1
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Yu X, Li Y, Yang P, Wang Y, Liu X, Cai L, Lai J, Zhang Y, Zha X, Przybylski GK, Xu L, Li Y. BCL11B promotes T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cell survival via the XRCC5/C11ORF21 axis. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1580. [PMID: 38317587 PMCID: PMC10844840 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xibao Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio‐Engineering Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510663GuangdongChina
| | - Yuchen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Pengyue Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xuan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Letong Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jing Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yue Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Xianfeng Zha
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated HospitalJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | | | - Ling Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yangqiu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationJinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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2
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Chen M, Zhao E, Li M, Xu M, Hao S, Gao Y, Wu X, Li X, Yu Y, Yu Z, Yin Y. Kaempferol inhibits non-homologous end joining repair via regulating Ku80 stability in glioma cancer. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154876. [PMID: 37210962 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting DNA damage response and DNA repair proficiency of cancers is an important anticancer strategy. Kaempferol (Kae), a natural flavonoid, displays potent antitumor properties in some cancers. However, the precise underlying mechanism of Kae regulates DNA repair system are poorly understood. PURPOSE We aim to evaluate the efficacy of Kae in the treatment of human glioma as well as the molecular mechanism regarding DNA repair. STUDY DESIGN Effects of Kae on glioma cells were detected using CCK-8 and EdU labeling assays. The molecular mechanism of Kae on glioma was determined using RNAseq. The inhibition effects of Kae on DNA repair were verified using Immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and pimEJ5-GFP report assays. For in vivo study, orthotopic xenograft models were established and treated with Kae or vehicle. Glioma development was monitored by bioluminescence imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and brain sections Hematoxylin/Eosin (HE) staining. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis was used to detect expression of Ku80, Ki67 and γH2AX in engrafted glioma tissue. RESULTS We found that Kae remarkably inhibits viability of glioma cells and decreases its proliferation. Mechanistically, Kae regulates multiple functional pathways associated with cancer, including non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. Further studies revealed that Kae inhibits release of Ku80 from the double-strand breaks (DSBs) sites via reducing ubiquitylation and degradation of Ku80. Therefore, Kae significantly suppresses NHEJ repair and induces accumulation of DSBs in glioma cells. Moreover, Kae displays a dramatic inhibition effects on glioma growth in an orthotopic transplantation model. These data demonstrate that Kae can induce deubiquitination of Ku80, suppress NHEJ repair and inhibit glioma growth. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that inhibiting release of Ku80 from the DSBs by Kae may be a potential effective approach for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Erdi Zhao
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Minjing Li
- Institute of Integrated Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Shiyu Hao
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Yingli Gao
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xingli Wu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yue Yu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yancun Yin
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China.
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3
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Li L, Zou BJ, Zhao JZ, Liang JB, She ZY, Zhou WY, Lin SX, Tian L, Luo WJ, He FZ. A novel DNA damage repair-related signature for predicting prognositc and treatment response in non-small lung cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:961274. [PMID: 36408135 PMCID: PMC9673481 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.961274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage repair (DDR) is essential for maintaining genome integrity and modulating cancer risk, progression, and therapeutic response. DDR defects are common among non-small lung cancer (NSCLC), resulting in new challenge and promise for NSCLC treatment. Thus, a thorough understanding of the molecular characteristics of DDR in NSCLC is helpful for NSCLC treatment and management. Here, we systematically analyzed the relationship between DDR alterations and NSCLC prognosis, and successfully established and validated a six-DDR gene prognostic model via LASSO Cox regression analysis based on the expression of prognostic related DDR genes, CDC25C, NEIL3, H2AFX, NBN, XRCC5, RAD1. According to this model, NSCLC patients were classified into high-risk subtype and low-risk subtype, each of which has significant differences between the two subtypes in clinical features, molecular features, immune cell components, gene mutations, DDR pathway activation status and clinical outcomes. The high-risk patients was characterized with worse prognosis, lower proportion and number of DDR mutations, unique immune profile and responsive to immunetherapy. And the low-risk patients tend to have superior survival, while being less responsive to immunotherapy and more sensitive to treatment with DNA-damaging chemotherapy drugs. Overall, this molecular classification based on DDR expression profile enables hierarchical management of patients and personalized clinical treatment, and provides potential therapeutic targets for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Bao-jia Zou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Juan-zhi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-bi Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-yue She
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-ying Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-xiao Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-ji Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Fa-zhong He
- Department of Quality Control, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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4
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Liu T, Long Q, Li L, Gan H, Hu X, Long H, Yang L, Pang P, Wang S, Deng W. The NRF2-dependent transcriptional axis, XRCC5/hTERT drives tumor progression and 5-Fu insensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:249-261. [PMID: 35071747 PMCID: PMC8762376 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is highly expressed in many tumors and is essential for tumorigenesis and metastasis in multiple cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its high expression level in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we identified X-ray repair cross-complementing 5 (XRCC5), a novel hTERT promoter-binding protein in HCC cells, using biotin-streptavidin-agarose pull-down assay. We found that XRCC5 was highly expressed in HCC cells, in which it transcriptionally upregulated hTERT. Functionally, the transgenic expression of XRCC5 promoted HCC progression and 5-fluorouracil resistance, whereas short hairpin RNA knockdown of XRCC5 had converse effects in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, hTERT overexpression reversed XRCC5 knockdown- or 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu)-mediated HCC inhibition. Mechanistically, nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) interacted with XRCC5, which in turn upregulated hTERT. However, the upregulation was insignificant when NRF2 was reduced, suggesting that the XRCC5-mediated hTERT expression was NRF2 dependent. The HCC patients with high expression levels of XRCC5 and hTERT had shorter overall survival times compared with those with low XRCC5 and hTERT levels in their tumor tissues. Collectively, our study demonstrates the molecular mechanisms of the XRCC5/NRF2/hTERT signaling in HCC metastasis, which will aid in the identification of novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Qian Long
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Luting Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hairun Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Xinyan Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Haoyu Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lukun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000 China
| | - Pengfei Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Corresponding author Pengfei Pang, MD, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Siyang Wang
- The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Corresponding author Siyang Wang, MD, The Cancer Center of The Fifth Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Corresponding author Wuguo Deng, PhD, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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5
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Lu YJ, Yang Y, Hu TH, Duan WM. Identification of key genes and pathways at the downstream of S100PBP in pancreatic cancer cells by integrated bioinformatical analysis. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:806-816. [PMID: 35116411 PMCID: PMC8799081 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to identify key genes and pathways downstream of S100PPBP in pancreatic cancer cells. Methods The microarray datasets GSE35196 (S100PBP knockdown) and GSE35198 (S100PBP overexpression) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained separately from GEO2R, and heatmaps showing clustering analysis of DEGs were generated using R software. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed for identified DEGs using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, respectively. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes and Cytoscape software. Relevant expression datasets of key identified genes were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and overall survival (OS) analysis was performed with R software. Finally, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis was used to evaluate the expression of key DEGs in pancreatic cancer tissues. Results A total of 34 DEGs (11 upregulated and 23 downregulated) were screened out from the two datasets. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the identified DEGs were mainly functionally enriched in ATPase activity, production of siRNA involved in RNA interference, and production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA. The pathway enrichment analysis of the identified DEGs showed enrichment mainly in apoptosis, non-homologous end-joining, and miRNA pathways in cancer. The protein–protein interaction network was composed of 21 nodes and 30 edges. After survival analysis and gene expression analysis, 4 genes associated with poor prognosis were selected, including LMNB1, PRKRA, SEPT2, and XRCC5. Conclusions LMNB1, PRKRA, SEPT2, and XRCC5 could be key downstream genes of the S100PBP gene in the inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Lu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting-Hui Hu
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ming Duan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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6
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Abegg D, Tomanik M, Qiu N, Pechalrieu D, Shuster A, Commare B, Togni A, Herzon SB, Adibekian A. Chemoproteomic Profiling by Cysteine Fluoroalkylation Reveals Myrocin G as an Inhibitor of the Nonhomologous End Joining DNA Repair Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20332-20342. [PMID: 34817176 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoproteomic profiling of cysteines has emerged as a powerful method for screening the proteome-wide targets of cysteine-reactive fragments, drugs, and natural products. Herein, we report the development and an in-depth evaluation of a tetrafluoroalkyl benziodoxole (TFBX) as a cysteine-selective chemoproteomic probe. We show that this probe features numerous key improvements compared to the traditionally used cysteine-reactive probes, including a superior target occupancy, faster labeling kinetics, and broader proteomic coverage, thus enabling profiling of cysteines directly in live cells. In addition, the fluorine "signature" of probe 7 constitutes an additional advantage resulting in a more confident adduct-amino acid site assignment in mass-spectrometry-based identification workflows. We demonstrate the utility of our new probe for proteome-wide target profiling by identifying the cellular targets of (-)-myrocin G, an antiproliferative fungal natural product with a to-date unknown mechanism of action. We show that this natural product and a simplified analogue target the X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), an ATP-dependent DNA helicase that primes DNA repair machinery for nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) upon DNA double-strand breaks, making them the first reported inhibitors of this biomedically highly important protein. We further demonstrate that myrocins disrupt the interaction of XRCC5 with DNA leading to sensitization of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide as well as UV-light-induced DNA damage. Altogether, our next-generation cysteine-reactive probe enables broader and deeper profiling of the cysteinome, rendering it a highly attractive tool for elucidation of targets of electrophilic small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Martin Tomanik
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Dany Pechalrieu
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Anton Shuster
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Bruno Commare
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Togni
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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7
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Fan Y, Gao Z, Li X, Wei S, Yuan K. Gene expression and prognosis of x-ray repair cross-complementing family members in non-small cell lung cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:6210-6228. [PMID: 34486486 PMCID: PMC8806547 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1964193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The X-ray repair cross-complementing gene (XRCC) family participates in DNA damage repair and its dysregulation is associated with the development and progression of a variety of cancers. However, XRCCs have not been systematically studied in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Oncomine databases, we compared the expression levels of XRCCs between NSCLC and normal tissues and performed survival analysis using the data from TCGA. The correlations of XRCCs with the clinical parameters were then analyzed using UCSC Xena. Genetic alterations in XRCCs in NSCLC and their effects on the prognosis of patients were presented using cBioPortal. SurvivalMeth was used to explore the differentially methylated sites associated with NSCLC and their effect on prognosis. Next, the immunological correlations of XRCCs expression level were analyzed using TIMER 2.0. Finally, GeneMANIA was used to visualize and analyze the functionally relevant genes, while Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for functional and pathway enrichment analyses of prognostic genes. Our results revealed that XRCCs were overexpressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses showed that XRCC4/5/6 were independent risk factors for LUAD. Additionally, genetic alterations, methylation, and immune cell infiltration demonstrated an association between XRCC4/5/6 and poor prognosis in LUAD. Finally, the KEGG-enriched and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways were shown to be associated with XRCC4/5/6. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that XRCC4/5/6 could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China
| | - Zhaojia Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China.,Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu China
| | - Shuzhang Wei
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China.,Heart and Lung Disease Laboratory, the Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou China
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8
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Abbasi S, Parmar G, Kelly RD, Balasuriya N, Schild-Poulter C. The Ku complex: recent advances and emerging roles outside of non-homologous end-joining. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4589-4613. [PMID: 33855626 PMCID: PMC11071882 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03801-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1981, the Ku complex has been extensively studied under multiple cellular contexts, with most work focusing on Ku in terms of its essential role in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). In this process, Ku is well-known as the DNA-binding subunit for DNA-PK, which is central to the NHEJ repair process. However, in addition to the extensive study of Ku's role in DNA repair, Ku has also been implicated in various other cellular processes including transcription, the DNA damage response, DNA replication, telomere maintenance, and has since been studied in multiple contexts, growing into a multidisciplinary point of research across various fields. Some advances have been driven by clarification of Ku's structure, including the original Ku crystal structure and the more recent Ku-DNA-PKcs crystallography, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) studies, and the identification of various post-translational modifications. Here, we focus on the advances made in understanding the Ku heterodimer outside of non-homologous end-joining, and across a variety of model organisms. We explore unique structural and functional aspects, detail Ku expression, conservation, and essentiality in different species, discuss the evidence for its involvement in a diverse range of cellular functions, highlight Ku protein interactions and recent work concerning Ku-binding motifs, and finally, we summarize the clinical Ku-related research to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Abbasi
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Gursimran Parmar
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Rachel D Kelly
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Nileeka Balasuriya
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Caroline Schild-Poulter
- Robarts Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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9
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Lee IN, Yang JT, Huang C, Huang HC, Wu YP, Chen JC. Elevated XRCC5 expression level can promote temozolomide resistance and predict poor prognosis in glioblastoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:443. [PMID: 33868481 PMCID: PMC8045174 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance and disease recurrence are important contributors for the poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Temozolomide (TMZ), the standard chemotherapy for GBM treatment, can methylate DNA and cause the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs). X-ray repair cross complementing 5 (XRCC5), also known as Ku80 or Ku86, is required for the repair of DSBs. The present study identified novel determinants that sensitize cells to TMZ, using an array-based short hairpin (sh)RNA library. Then, cBioportal, Oncomine, and R2 databases were used to analyze the association between gene expression levels and clinical characteristics. Subsequently, lentiviral shRNA or pCMV was used to knockdown or overexpress the gene of interest, and the effects on TMZ sensitivity were determined using a MTT assay and western blot analysis. TMZ-resistant cells were also established and were used in in vitro and in vivo experiments to analyze the role of the gene of interest in TMZ resistance. The results indicated that XRCC5 was effective in enhancing TMZ cytotoxicity. The results from the bioinformatics analysis revealed that XRCC5 mRNA expression levels were associated with clinical deterioration and lower overall survival rates. In addition, XRCC5 knockdown could significantly increase TMZ sensitivity in GBM cells, while XRCC5 overexpression caused the cancer cells to be resistant to TMZ. Both the in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that TMZ treatment could induce expression of XRCC5 in TMZ-resistant cells. Taken together these findings suggested that XRCC5 could be a promising target for GBM treatment and could also be used as a diagnostic marker for refractory GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Neng Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Tsung Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Earth and Life Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Tsing Hua University South Campus, Hsinchu 30014, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ping Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan, R.O.C
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10
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Targeting RNF8 effectively reverses cisplatin and doxorubicin resistance in endometrial cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 545:89-97. [PMID: 33548629 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent gynecological malignancy worldwide. However, resistance to chemotherapy remains one of the major difficulties in the treatment of EC. Thus, there is an urgent requirement to understand mechanisms of chemoresistance and identify novel regimens for patients with EC. We found that protein and mRNA expression levels of RNF8 were significantly increased in both cisplatin and doxorubicin resistant EC cells. Cell survival assay showed that RNF deficiency significantly enhanced the sensitivity of resistant EC cells to cisplatin and doxorubicin (P < 0.01). In addition, chemoresistant EC cells exhibited increased NHEJ efficiency. Knockout of RNF8 in chemoresistant EC cells significantly reduced NHEJ efficiency and prolonged Ku80 retention on DSB. Moreover, cisplatin resistant AN3CA xenograft showed that RNF8 deficiency overcame cisplatin resistance. Our in vitro and in vivo assays provide evidence for RNF8, which is a NHEJ factor, serving as a promising, novel target in EC chemotherapy.
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11
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Maity AK, Carroll RJ, Mallick BK. Integration of Survival and Binary Data for Variable Selection and Prediction: A Bayesian Approach. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat 2020; 68:1577-1595. [PMID: 33311813 DOI: 10.1111/rssc.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We consider the problem where the data consist of a survival time and a binary outcome measurement for each individual, as well as corresponding predictors. The goal is to select the common set of predictors which affect both the responses, and not just only one of them. In addition, we develop a survival prediction model based on data integration. This article is motivated by the Cancer Genomic Atlas (TCGA) databank, which is currently the largest genomics and transcriptomics database. The data contain cancer survival information along with cancer stages for each patient. Furthermore, it contains Reverse-phase Protein Array (RPPA) measurements for each individual, which are the predictors associated with these responses. The biological motivation is to identify the major actionable proteins associated with both survival outcomes and cancer stages. We develop a Bayesian hierarchical model to jointly model the survival time and the classification of the cancer stages. Moreover, to deal with the high dimensionality of the RPPA measurements, we use a shrinkage prior to identify significant proteins. Simulations and TCGA data analysis show that the joint integrated modeling approach improves survival prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Kumar Maity
- Early Clinical Development Oncology Statistics, 10777 Science Center Drive, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Raymond J Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, 3143 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-3143, and School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bani K Mallick
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, 3143 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-3143
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12
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DNA-PK in human malignant disorders: Mechanisms and implications for pharmacological interventions. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107617. [PMID: 32610116 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The DNA-PK holoenzyme is a fundamental element of the DNA damage response machinery (DDR), which is responsible for cellular genomic stability. Consequently, and predictably, over the last decades since its identification and characterization, numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies reported observations correlating aberrant DNA-PK status and activity with cancer onset, progression and responses to therapeutic modalities. Notably, various studies have established in recent years the role of DNA-PK outside the DDR network, corroborating its role as a pleiotropic complex involved in transcriptional programs that operate biologic processes as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), hypoxia, metabolism, nuclear receptors signaling and inflammatory responses. In particular tumor entities as prostate cancer, immense research efforts assisted mapping and describing the overall signaling networks regulated by DNA-PK that control metastasis and tumor progression. Correspondingly, DNA-PK emerges as an obvious therapeutic target in cancer and data pertaining to various pharmacological approaches have been published, largely in context of combination with DNA-damaging agents (DDAs) that act by inflicting DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Currently, new generation inhibitors are tested in clinical trials. Several excellent reviews have been published in recent years covering the biology of DNA-PK and its role in cancer. In the current article we are aiming to systematically describe the main findings on DNA-PK signaling in major cancer types, focusing on both preclinical and clinical reports and present a detailed current status of the DNA-PK inhibitors repertoire.
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13
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Sun Y, Zheng X, Yuan H, Chen G, Ouyang J, Liu J, Liu X, Xing X, Zhao B. Proteomic analyses reveal divergent ubiquitylation patterns in hepatocellula carcinoma cell lines with different metastasis potential. J Proteomics 2020; 225:103834. [PMID: 32454254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumours, metastasis and recurrence remain the primary reasons for poor prognosis. Ubiquitination serves as a degradation mechanism of proteins, but it is involved in additional cellular processes including metastasis. Here, by using label-free quantification, double-glycine (di-Gly) antibody affinity purification and high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), we investigated quantitative proteome, ubiquitylome, and the crosstalk between the two datasets in HCC cell lines with different metastasis potential to identify biomarkers associated with HCC metastasis. In total, 83 ubiquitinated proteins significantly and steadily changed their abundance according to their metastatic potential, and the participated biological processes of these ubiquitinated proteins were tightly associated with tumour metastasis. Further signaling pathway analysis revealed that the ribosome and proteasome were significantly over-activated in the highly metastatic cells. Furthermore, we analyzed the crosstalk between the whole proteome and the ubiquitylome, and further discussed the mechanism that how ubiquitination events affect HCC metastasis. Eventually, the ubiquitination of Ku80 was validated to be significantly down-regulated in the high-metastatic cells comparing with the low-metastatic cells. We believe that these findings will help us better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of the metastasis of HCC. SIGNIFICANCE: In this manuscript, we used label free based proteomics combined with diglycine antibody (di-Gly) affinity purification approach to identify biomarkers associated with HCC recurrence/metastasis in in a serial HCC cell lines with increasing invasion and metastasis potential. And then, we analyzed the crosstalk between the whole proteome and the ubiquitylome. Eventually, the ubiquitination of Ku80 was confirm to be closely associated with invasion and migration of HCC cells. As far as we know, this is the first time to use quantitative proteomic approach to study the ubiquitylomics in HCC cell lines with increasing metastasis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Chen
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahe Ouyang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Xing
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China; The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bixing Zhao
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Hsieh MJ, Huang C, Lin CC, Tang CH, Lin CY, Lee IN, Huang HC, Chen JC. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes doxorubicin resistance in chondrosarcoma cells by affecting XRCC5 expression. Mol Carcinog 2020; 59:293-303. [PMID: 31916307 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common form of bone cancer and is characterized by its ability to produce an extracellular matrix of the cartilage. High-grade chondrosarcoma is highly aggressive and can metastasize to other parts of the body. Chondrosarcoma is resistant to both conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy; hence, the current main treatment is still surgical resection. Doxorubicin (Dox) has been shown to significantly improve patient survival compared with untreated chondrosarcoma. However, for patients with metastasis, surgical resection alone can hardly treat them. In addition, drug resistance is one of the leading causes of death in patients with chondrosarcoma. Secreted proteins can mediate cell-cell interactions in the cancer microenvironment, which may be associated with the development of drug resistance. In the present study, chondrosarcoma cells were treated with Dox, the conditioned medium was then collected and changes in secreted proteins were analyzed using the antibody array. Results showed that the Dox-treated group had the highest secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), indicating the effect of bFGF on Dox sensitivity in chondrosarcoma. Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated knockdown and treatment of exogenous recombinant protein were employed to further investigate the effect of bFGF on Dox resistance. Results demonstrated that bFGF can promote the expression of X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (XRCC5), leading to Dox resistance. Secreted bFGF is likely to be detected in serum, in addition to being a biomarker for predicting Dox resistance, the combination of Dox and bFGF/XRCC5 blockers may be a new therapeutic strategy to improve the efficacy of Dox in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Holistic Wellness, Mingdao University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Earth and Life Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - I-Neng Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chen Huang
- Department of Applied Science, National Tsing Hua University, South Campus, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chieh Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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15
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Chang WH, Lai AG. Transcriptional landscape of DNA repair genes underpins a pan-cancer prognostic signature associated with cell cycle dysregulation and tumor hypoxia. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:142-153. [PMID: 31054516 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Overactive DNA repair contributes to therapeutic resistance in cancer. However, pan-cancer comparative studies investigating the contribution of all DNA repair genes in cancer progression employing an integrated approach have remained limited. We performed a multi-cohort retrospective analysis to determine the prognostic significance of 138 DNA repair genes in 16 cancer types (n = 16,225). Cox proportional hazards analyses revealed a significant variation in the number of prognostic genes between cancers; 81 genes were prognostic in clear cell renal cell carcinoma while only two genes were prognostic in glioblastoma. We reasoned that genes that were commonly prognostic in highly correlated cancers revealed by Spearman's correlation analysis could be harnessed as a molecular signature for risk assessment. A 10-gene signature, uniting prognostic genes that were common in highly correlated cancers, was significantly associated with overall survival in patients with clear cell renal cell (P < 0.0001), papillary renal cell (P = 0.0007), liver (P = 0.002), lung (P = 0.028), pancreas (P = 0.00013) or endometrial (P = 0.00063) cancers. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that a combined model of the 10-gene signature and tumor staging outperformed either classifier when considered alone. Multivariate Cox regression models incorporating additional clinicopathological features showed that the signature was an independent predictor of overall survival. Tumor hypoxia is associated with adverse outcomes. Consistent across all six cancers, patients with high 10-gene and high hypoxia scores had significantly higher mortality rates compared to those with low 10-gene and low hypoxia scores. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that high mortality rates in patients with high 10-gene scores were attributable to an overproliferation phenotype. Death risk in these patients was further exacerbated by concurrent mutations of a cell cycle checkpoint protein, TP53. The 10-gene signature identified tumors with heightened DNA repair ability. This information has the potential to radically change prognosis through the use of adjuvant DNA repair inhibitors with chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hoong Chang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alvina G Lai
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom.
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16
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Gu Z, Li Y, Yang X, Yu M, Chen Z, Zhao C, Chen L, Wang L. Overexpression of CLC-3 is regulated by XRCC5 and is a poor prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:115. [PMID: 30217218 PMCID: PMC6137920 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, many potential prognostic biomarkers for gastric cancer (GC) have been identified, but the prognosis of advanced GC patients remains poor. Chloride channels are promising cancer biomarkers, and their family member chloride channel-3 (CLC-3) is involved in multiple biological behaviors. However, whether CLC-3 is a prognostic biomarker for GC patients is rarely reported. The molecular mechanisms by which CLC-3 is regulated in GC are unclear. Methods The expression of CLC-3 and XRCC5 in human specimens was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The primary biological functions and pathways related to CLC-3 were enriched by RNA sequencing. A 5′-biotin-labeled DNA probe with a promoter region between − 248 and + 226 was synthesized to pull down CLC-3 promoter-binding proteins. Functional studies were detected by MTS, clone formation, wound scratch, transwell, and xenograft mice model. Mechanistic studies were investigated by streptavidin-agarose-mediated DNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, ChIP, dual-luciferase reporter assay system, Co-IP, and immunofluorescence. Results The results showed that CLC-3 was overexpressed in human GC tissues and that overexpression of CLC-3 was a poor prognostic biomarker for GC patients (P = 0.012). Furthermore, higher expression of CLC-3 was correlated with deeper tumor invasion (P = 0.006) and increased lymph node metastasis (P = 0.016), and knockdown of CLC-3 inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro. In addition, X-ray repair cross-complementing 5 (XRCC5) was identified as a CLC-3 promoter-binding protein, and both CLC-3 (HR 1.671; 95% CI 1.012–2.758; P = 0.045) and XRCC5 (HR 1.795; 95% CI 1.076–2.994; P = 0.025) were prognostic factors of overall survival in GC patients. The in vitro and in vivo results showed that the expression and function of CLC-3 were inhibited after XRCC5 knockdown, and the inhibition effects were rescued by CLC-3 overexpression. Meanwhile, the expression and function of CLC-3 were promoted after XRCC5 overexpression, and the promotion effects were reversed by the CLC-3 knockdown. The mechanistic study revealed that knockdown of XRCC5 suppressed the binding of XRCC5 to the CLC-3 promoter and subsequent promoter activity, thus regulating CLC-3 expression at the transcriptional level by interacting with PARP1. Conclusions Our findings indicate that overexpression of CLC-3 is regulated by XRCC5 and is a poor prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer. Double targeting CLC-3 and XRCC5 may provide the promising therapeutic potential for GC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0660-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoya Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Meisheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanru Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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17
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Li X, Li L, Huang Y, Liu B, Chi H, Shi L, Zhang W, Li G, Niu Y, Zhu X. Synergistic therapy of chemotherapeutic drugs and MTH1 inhibitors using a pH-sensitive polymeric delivery system for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:2068-2078. [PMID: 28744533 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MutT homolog 1 (MTH1) is an essential sanitizer of the free nucleotide pool that prevents lethal DNA damage in cancer cells, which has been validated as an anticancer target in recent years. Small molecule TH287 potently and selectively inhibits the MTH1 protein in cells. Here, we developed an effective chemotherapeutic system for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) based on polymeric nanoparticles that achieve co-delivery of anticancer drug sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and MTH1 inhibitor TH287. Cationic hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) (HPAE), an amphiphilic and pH-sensitive polymer with a highly branched structure, self-assembled into nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Both NaAsO2 and TH287 could be loaded into HPAE nanoparticles with the help of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction. The release of NaAsO2 and TH287 from HPAE(NaAsO2 + TH287) nanoparticles was pH-dependent. In vitro evaluation demonstrated that the HPAE(NaAsO2 + TH287) nanoparticles rapidly entered cancer cells and released NaAsO2 and TH287 in response to acidic intracellular environments. In comparison with NaAsO2, TH287, HPAE(NaAsO2) nanoparticles, HPAE(TH287) nanoparticles, and the physical mixture of HPAE(NaAsO2) nanoparticles and TH287, the HPAE(NaAsO2 + TH287) nanoparticles exhibited more effective inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, illustrating the synergistic effect of NaAsO2 and TH287. The experimental results show that TH287 is likely to inhibit MTH1 in tumor cells, rendering them more sensitive to NaAsO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Wang S, Xi J, Lin Z, Hao J, Yao C, Zhan C, Jiang W, Shi Y, Wang Q. Clinical values of Ku80 upregulation in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2018. [PMID: 29532618 PMCID: PMC5911598 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ku80 is an important DNA repair protein. Here, this study sought to investigate clinical impacts of Ku80 expression for patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immunohistochemical analysis of Ku80 expression was carried out in normal esophageal mucosa, squamous epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and superficial ESCC. Its relationships with clinicopathological features and survival of superficial ESCC patients were further clarified. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference was used to silence Ku80 gene in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. Both quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to evaluate Ku80 levels. CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and tumorigenesis experiment were performed to evaluate the malignant phenotype of ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. Increased Ku80 expression was observed in dysplastic esophageal mucosa and carcinoma in situ compared to normal esophageal mucosa (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Ku80 expression was further increased in superficial ESCC in comparison with dysplastic esophageal mucosa and carcinoma in situ (P < 0.001, P = 0.034). In superficial ESCC, Ku80 overexpression was related to tumor differentiation (P = 0.017), T status (P = 0.011), nodal involvement (P = 0.005), TNM stage (P = 0.004), and postoperative recurrence (P = 0.008). Cox proportional hazards regression showed tumor differentiation, T status, nodal involvement, TNM stage, and Ku80 expression were both independent predictors of patients' overall survival and disease-free survival. Ku80 shRNA effectively reduced Ku80 expression, which significantly inhibited proliferation, clone formation, and induced apoptosis in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. The tumor growth of xenografts was significantly reduced by Ku80 silencing in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. Ku80 overexpression associates with unfavorable prognosis of superficial ESCC patients, and silencing of Ku80 could inhibit the malignant behavior of ESCC cells. We provide evidence that Ku80 has unrecognized roles in carcinogenesis and development of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junjie Xi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zongwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiatao Hao
- General Practice DepartmentZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Can Yao
- Department of GastroenterologyZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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19
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Zhuang L, Liu F, Peng P, Xiong H, Qiu H, Fu X, Xiao Z, Huang X. Effect of Ku80 on the radiosensitization of cisplatin in the cervical carcinoma cell line HeLa. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:147-154. [PMID: 29375707 PMCID: PMC5766065 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin chemotherapy in combination with radiotherapy is the primary therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cervical cancer; however, the underlying molecular mechanism for cisplatin radiosensitization remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Ku80, a DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair protein, on cisplatin radiosensitization in cervical cancer. The pre-established Ku80 suppression cervical cancer cell line HeLa/Ku80-siRNA and the normal HeLa cell line underwent 6 MV X-ray irradiation (6 Gy) individually or in combination with 5 µg/ml cisplatin treatment. Alterations in apoptosis, the cell cycle and γH2AX expression were detected. Following irradiation individually and combined with cisplatin, compared with normal HeLa cells, HeLa/Ku80-siRNAexhibited an increased rate of apoptosis (P<0.05). It was identified that the earlier cisplatin was administered following irradiation, the higher the rate of apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis indicated that, following irradiation combined with cisplatin, the cells were arrested in G1 and S phase rather than in G2/M phase following irradiation alone. Microscopic imaging of immunofluorescence staining and western blotting identified that HeLa/Ku80-siRNA cells exhibited more γH2AX foci remaining following treatment with irradiation and cisplatin, particularly in the group treated with 6 Gy irradiation for 1 h together with 23 h of exposure to cisplatin. Irradiation in combination with cisplatin promoted the apoptosis of HeLa cells in association with the inhibition of Ku80, and it was identified that the earlier cisplatin was administered following irradiation, the more apoptosis was induced. This maybe because irradiation combined with cisplatin is able to arrest cells in G1 and S phase to rapidly repair damaged DNA, and the lack of Ku80 induces the inability to repair DSB, resulting in increased apoptosis. The results of the present study suggest that Ku80 may be a potent molecular target in cisplatin radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhuang
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ping Peng
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiugen Fu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Xiao
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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20
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Zhang Z, Zheng F, Yu Z, Hao J, Chen M, Yu W, Guo W, Chen Y, Huang W, Duan Z, Deng W. XRCC5 cooperates with p300 to promote cyclooxygenase-2 expression and tumor growth in colon cancers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186900. [PMID: 29049411 PMCID: PMC5648251 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandins (PGs) biosynthesis. Previous studies indicate that COX-2, one of the isoforms of COX, is highly expressed in colon cancers and plays a key role in colon cancer carcinogenesis. Thus, searching for novel transcription factors regulating COX-2 expression will facilitate drug development for colon cancer. In this study, we identified XRCC5 as a binding protein of the COX-2 gene promoter in colon cancer cells with streptavidin-agarose pulldown assay and mass spectrometry analysis, and found that XRCC5 promoted colon cancer growth through modulation of COX-2 signaling. Knockdown of XRCC5 by siRNAs inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and of tumor xenografts in a mouse model in vivo by suppressing COX-2 promoter activity and COX-2 protein expression. Conversely, overexpression of XRCC5 promoted the growth of colon cancer cells by activating COX-2 promoter and increasing COX-2 protein expression. Moreover, the role of p300 (a transcription co-activator) in acetylating XRCC5 to co-regulate COX-2 expression was also evaluated. Immunofluorescence assay and confocal microscopy showed that XRCC5 and p300 proteins were co-located in the nucleus of colon cancer cells. Co-immunoprecipitation assay also proved the interaction between XRCC5 and p300 in nuclear proteins of colon cancer cells. Cell viability assay indicated that the overexpression of wild-type p300, but not its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain deletion mutant, increased XRCC5 acetylation, thereby up-regulated COX-2 expression and promoted the growth of colon cancer cells. In contrast, suppression of p300 by a p300 HAT-specific inhibitor (C646) inhibited colon cancer cell growth by suppressing COX-2 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that XRCC5 promoted colon cancer growth by cooperating with p300 to regulate COX-2 expression, and suggested that the XRCC5/p300/COX-2 signaling pathway was a potential target in the treatment of colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fufu Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiajiao Hao
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Miao Chen
- SunYat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendan Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenlin Huang
- SunYat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Duan
- The First Affiliated Hospital & Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- * E-mail: (ZD); (WD)
| | - Wuguo Deng
- SunYat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeted Drug for Tumors of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Double Bioproduct Inc., Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZD); (WD)
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21
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Wang W, Chen Z, Jin J, Long Z, Liu X, Cai H, Zhou Y, Huang H, Wang Y. MDM2 binding protein as a predictor of metastasis and a novel prognostic biomarker in patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6409-6416. [PMID: 29422956 PMCID: PMC5770606 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MDM2 binding protein (MTBP) has been revealed to be involved in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the role and clinical implication of MTBP expression in gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of MTBP and the prognostic determinant in GC. The expression level of MTBP was examined in cancerous and matched adjacent noncancerous gastric mucosa tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. MTBP expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of tissue microarrays for 352 patients, and association between the expression levels and prognosis in patients with GC were investigated. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox's regression models were used to investigate the associations between MTBP expression and prognosis of GC patients. The results of the present study revealed decreased MTBP mRNA (P=0.005) and protein (P=0.001) expression levels in tumor tissue compared with in matched adjacent normal tissue mucosa. MTBP expression level in GC was associated with gender (P=0.026), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P=0.026) and pathological tumor-node-metastasis stage (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high MTBP expression levels exhibited longer survival times compared with patients with low MTBP expression levels. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that MTBP was independently associated with the presence of lymph node [OR, 0.282; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.161–0.494; P<0.001] and distant metastasis (OR, 0.365; 95% CI, 0.138–0.965; P=0.042). Furthermore, the multivariate Cox analysis revealed that low MTBP expression level was significantly associated with longer overall survival time and was recognized as an independent prognostic factor of patient's survival. MTBP expression level was significantly associated with progression and metastasis in GC, suggesting that MTBP may be used as a predictive marker for patient prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Jiejie Jin
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ziwen Long
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yanong Wang
- Department of Gastric Cancer and Soft Tissue Sarcoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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22
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Bi MM, Shang B, Wang Z, Chen G. Expression of CXCR4 and VEGF-C is correlated with lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Thorac Cancer 2017; 8:634-641. [PMID: 28925100 PMCID: PMC5668524 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the correlations between CXCR4 and VEGF-C expression and lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Tumor specimens, lymph nodes, and normal lung tissues were obtained from 110 NSCLC patients who underwent complete resection. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry assays were conducted to evaluate messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of CXCR4 and VEGF-C. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. RESULTS CXCR4 and VEGF-C mRNA expression were observed in 78 (70.9%) and 64 (58.2%) lung cancer tissues, while CXCR4 and VEGF-C protein expression were observed in 76 (69.9%) and 58 (52.7%) lung cancer tissues, respectively. The expression rates of CXCR4 and VEGF-C mRNA in metastatic lymph nodes were 84.8% and 66.7%, which were higher than that in non-metastatic lymph nodes (27.3% and 18.2%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that positive expressions of CXCR4 and VEGF-C mRNA were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. Furthermore, combined expression of CXCR4 and VEGF-C showed a much higher odds ratio than CXCR4 or VEGF-C expression alone. CONCLUSIONS CXCR4 and VEGF-C were highly expressed in lung cancer tissues and metastatic lymph nodes. CXCR4 and VEGF-C expression levels were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis in NSCLC. CXCR4 and VEGF-C might synergically promote lymphatic metastasis in lung cancer and might be a clinical predictor of lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ming Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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23
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The Role of the Core Non-Homologous End Joining Factors in Carcinogenesis and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9070081. [PMID: 28684677 PMCID: PMC5532617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are deleterious DNA lesions that if left unrepaired or are misrepaired, potentially result in chromosomal aberrations, known drivers of carcinogenesis. Pathways that direct the repair of DSBs are traditionally believed to be guardians of the genome as they protect cells from genomic instability. The prominent DSB repair pathway in human cells is the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway, which mediates template-independent re-ligation of the broken DNA molecule and is active in all phases of the cell cycle. Its role as a guardian of the genome is supported by the fact that defects in NHEJ lead to increased sensitivity to agents that induce DSBs and an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations. Conversely, evidence from tumors and tumor cell lines has emerged that NHEJ also promotes chromosomal aberrations and genomic instability, particularly in cells that have a defect in one of the other DSB repair pathways. Collectively, the data present a conundrum: how can a single pathway both suppress and promote carcinogenesis? In this review, we will examine NHEJ's role as both a guardian and a disruptor of the genome and explain how underlying genetic context not only dictates whether NHEJ promotes or suppresses carcinogenesis, but also how it alters the response of tumors to conventional therapeutics.
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24
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Shang B, Jia Y, Chen G, Wang Z. Ku80 correlates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy resistance in human lung adenocarcinoma, but reduces cisplatin/pemetrexed-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Respir Res 2017; 18:56. [PMID: 28399858 PMCID: PMC5387337 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0545-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ku80 is a DNA repair protein which involves in cell apoptosis and chemoresistance. However, it is unclear whether Ku80 correlates with the efficiency of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in human lung adenocarcinoma, and modulates cisplatin/pemetrexed-induced lung cancer cell apoptosis in vitro. Methods We recruited 110 patients with stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma, who received 2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and their lungs were reevaluated by CT scan. Immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression level of Ku80. A549 cells were transfected by lentiviral vector containing shRNA and full length cDNA to knockdown or upregulate Ku80 gene expression. CCK8 assay, flow cytometry and Western blot were employed to determine the viability and apoptosis of A549 cells treated with cisplatin combined with pemetrexed. Results Ku80 expression was detected in 76 patients (69%). There were 38 patients who responded to chemotherapy, where Ku80 was positively expressed in 7 cases (18.4%). Immunohistochemical score of Ku80 protein in the response group (2.079 ± 1.617) to chemotherapy was lower than that in the nonresponse group (5.597 ± 2.114, P < 0.05). Tissue samples from the nonresponse group exhibited higher Ku80 mRNA levels compared to the response group. Ku80 knockdown by shRNA augmented cisplatin/pemetrexed-induced decline in viability, whereas Ku80 overexpression attenuated viability reduction induced by these drugs compared to control A549 cells. Both flow cytometry and Western blot analysis displayed that the apoptotic rate of Ku80 shRNA-transfected A549 cells was significantly increased compared to control cells treated with cisplatin/pemetrexed, which was lowered by Ku80 overexpression. Conclusion Ku80 could predict the probability of resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma, and reduced cisplatin and pemetrexed-induced apoptosis in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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25
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Wei S, Zhang ZY, Fu SL, Xie JG, Liu XS, Xu YJ, Zhao JP, Xiong WN. Hsa-miR-623 suppresses tumor progression in human lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2388. [PMID: 27685632 PMCID: PMC5059863 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study revealed that Ku80 was overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and hsa-miR-623 regulated the Ku80 expression; however, the detailed function of hsa-miR-623 in lung cancer was unclear. We identified that hsa-miR-623 bound to the 3'-UTR of Ku80 mRNA, thus significantly decreasing Ku80 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Hsa-miR-623 was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with corresponding non-tumorous tissues, and its expression was inversely correlated with Ku80 upregulation. Downregulation of hsa-miR-623 was associated with poor clinical outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Hsa-miR-623 suppressed lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration and invasion in vitro. Hsa-miR-623 inhibited xenografts growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma in vivo. Ku80 knockdown in lung adenocarcinoma cells suppressed tumor properties in vitro and in vivo similar to hsa-miR-623 overexpression. Further, hsa-miR-623 overexpression decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 expression levels, with decreased ERK/JNK phosphorylation. Inhibition of hsa-miR-623 or overexpression of Ku80 promoted lung adenocarcinoma cell invasion, activated ERK/JNK phosphorylation and increased MMP-2/9 expressions, which could be reversed by ERK kinase inhibitor or JNK kinase inhibitor. In summary, our results showed that hsa-miR-623 was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma and suppressed the invasion and metastasis targeting Ku80 through ERK/JNK inactivation mediated downregulation of MMP-2/9. These findings reveal that hsa-miR-623 may serve as an important therapeutic target in lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zun-Yi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Da Dao, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng-Ling Fu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Da Dao, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun-Gang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yong-Jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei-Ning Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, China
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26
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Expression and significance of Ku80 and PDGFR-α in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:204-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Wang S, Wang Z, Liu X, Liu Y, Jia Y. Overexpression of Ku80 suggests poor prognosis of locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. World J Surg 2016; 39:1773-81. [PMID: 25711486 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-015-3023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that Ku80 expression was implicated in development and progression of malignant tumors. In the present study, we analyzed for the first time the expression of Ku80 in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its correlation with clinicopathologic features and patient survival. METHODS The expression profile of Ku80 was analyzed in 126 cases of locally advanced ESCC and 79 cases of normal subjects as control using immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The associations of Ku80 expression with clinicopathological features were estimated by χ (2) test. We further performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) of patients. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses both showed the Ku80 protein expression was significantly higher in ESCC than normal esophageal mucosa and corresponding healthy esophageal mucosa. Statistical analysis suggested a significant correlation of Ku80 overexpression with the tumor size (p = 0.037), differentiation degree (p = 0.018), depth of invasion (p = 0.020), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.045), clinicopathological staging (p = 0.001), and tumor recurrence (p = 0.011) in locally advanced ESCC patients. Moreover, overexpression of Ku80 was associated with reduced OS of patients after surgery (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis with a Cox proportional hazards model further suggested that Ku80 expression was an independent prognostic indicator for patients' OS (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Ku80 was a predictor of tumor's progression and prognosis of locally advanced ESCC patients. All of these results indicate that assessment of Ku80 level could improve stratification of locally advanced ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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28
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Zhang ZY, Fu SL, Xu SQ, Zhou X, Liu XS, Xu YJ, Zhao JP, Wei S. By downregulating Ku80, hsa-miR-526b suppresses non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1462-77. [PMID: 25596743 PMCID: PMC4359307 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ku80 is involved in DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair. Ku80 is overexpressed in lung cancer tissues, yet, molecular mechanisms have not been examined. We identified that miRNA, hsa-miR-526b, is bound to the 3′-UTR of Ku80 mRNA, thus decreasing Ku80 expression in NSCLC cells. Hsa-miR-526b was downregulated in NSCLC tissues compared with corresponding non-tumorous tissues, and its expression was inversely correlated with Ku80 upregulation. Overexpression of Ku80 and downregulation of hsa-miR-526b were associated with poor clinical outcomes of NSCLC patients. Hsa-miR-526b suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hsa-miR-526b inhibited xenografts and orthotopic lung tumor growth. Further, Ku80 knockdown in NSCLC cells suppressed tumor properties in vitro and in vivo similar to hsa-miR-526b overexpression. In agreement, Ku80 restoration partially reversed cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by hsa-miR-526b in NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, hsa-miR-526b overexpression or Ku80 knockdown increased p53 and p21CIP1/WAF1 expression. These findings reveal that hsa-miR-526b is a potential target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun-yi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sheng-ling Fu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Su-qin Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xian-shen Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yong-jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-ping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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29
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Li S, Tian H, Yue W, Li L, Gao C, Si L, Hu W, Qi L, Lu M, Cheng C, Cui J, Chen G. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of metastasis-associated protein 1 expression and its correlation with angiogenesis in lung invasive adenocarcinomas, based on the 2011 IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:224-230. [PMID: 26870192 PMCID: PMC4727071 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on previous findings regarding the angiogenic activities and prognostic roles of metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer, the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of MTA1 protein expression, and its correlation with angiogenesis in lung invasive adenocarcinoma, were further assessed in the present study, according to the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. High protein expression levels of MTA1 were commonly observed in patients with lung invasive adenocarcinoma, and were significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.030), lymph node metastasis (P=0.021) and microvessel density (P=0.015). Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with high protein expression levels of MTA1 exhibited significantly shorter five-year disease-free and overall survival than those patients whose protein expression levels of MTA1 were low (24.5% vs. 48.7%, P=0.001, and 34.7% vs. 59.2%, P=0.005, respectively). In addition, Cox regression multivariate analysis demonstrated that high protein expression levels of MTA1 significantly correlated with unfavorable five-year disease-free survival (P=0.024). These findings indicate that MTA1 protein expression may possess clinical potential as an indicator of progressive phenotype. Therefore, MTA1 is a promising prognostic predictor to identify subgroups of patients with high risk of relapse, and a potentially novel therapeutic target for antiangiogenesis in patients with lung invasive adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Yue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cun Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Libo Si
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wensi Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Chuanle Cheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Guanqing Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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30
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Wang S, Wang Z, Yang YU, Shi MO, Sun Z. Overexpression of Ku80 correlates with aggressive clinicopathological features and adverse prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2705-2712. [PMID: 26722230 PMCID: PMC4665695 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ku80, a subunit of the heterodymeric Ku protein, is clearly implicated in nonhomologous end joining DNA repair, chemoresistance and radioresistance in malignant tumors. In the present study, the clinicopathological significance of Ku80 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was investigated. The expression levels of Ku80 were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry in ESCC specimens and normal esophageal mucosa. The mRNA and protein levels of Ku80 were significantly higher in ESCC tissues than in normal esophageal mucosa, and were significantly associated with tumor differentiation, local invasion, lymph node metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage. However, overexpression of Ku80 mRNA and protein levels were not significantly correlated with age, gender, tumor site or tumor size. Cox proportional hazards regression model demonstrated that tumor local invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and Ku80 mRNA and protein levels were independent risk factors indicating the overall survival of patients with ESCC. The present study demonstrated that aberrant Ku80 overexpression is observed in ESCC. In addition, high expression levels of Ku80 are associated with adverse clinicopathological features and unfavorable prognosis in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Y U Yang
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - M O Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhenguo Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Wang S, Wang Z, Yang Z, Liu Y, Liu X, Shang B, Jiang WP. Postoperative Radiotherapy Improves Survival in Stage pT2N0M0 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with High Risk of Poor Prognosis. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 23:265-72. [PMID: 26014154 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinically, some patients with stage pT2N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) might have poor survival outcomes after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. We explored whether adjuvant radiotherapy could improve the prognosis for the patients with high risk of poor clinical outcomes. METHODS We screened 326 pT2N0M0 ESCC patients who had complete resection with Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. The expression profile of Ku80 was examined by immunohistochemistry and validated by Western blotting. Patients with high expression of Ku80 were divided randomly into the adjuvant radiotherapy group and control group. Patients with low expression of Ku80 were enrolled into the negative group. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was determined by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis. RESULTS According to receiver operating characteristics curve analysis of Ku80 expression, 124 patients were enrolled into the negative group, 106 patients into the radiotherapy group, and 106 patients into the control group. Log-rank analysis showed that patients in the control group had worse OS and DFS than those in the negative group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). There is no difference in OS and DFS of patients between radiotherapy group and negative group (P = 0.166, P = 0.648). Patients in the radiotherapy group had significantly better OS and DFS than those in the control group (P = 0.007, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis further suggested that adjuvant radiotherapy was an independent prognostic indicator for patients with Ku80 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS In stage pT2N0M0 ESCC, Ku80 can be exploited as a predictor to identify patients with high risk of poor prognosis. Adjuvant radiotherapy could significantly improve survival for the patients with Ku80 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe Yang
- Cancer Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyan Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Shang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Peng Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Wang S, Wang Z, Liu X, Yang Y, Shi M, Sun Z. Prognostic significance of Ku80 in pT2N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6181-9. [PMID: 25758053 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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JWA reverses cisplatin resistance via the CK2-XRCC1 pathway in human gastric cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1551. [PMID: 25476899 PMCID: PMC4649833 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third most common malignancy in China, with a median 5-year survival of only 20%. Cisplatin has been used in first-line cancer treatment for several types of cancer including gastric cancer. However, patients are often primary resistant or develop acquired resistance resulting in relapse of the cancer and reduced survival. Recently, we demonstrated that the reduced expression of base excision repair protein XRCC1 and its upstream regulator JWA in gastric cancerous tissues correlated with a significant survival benefit of adjuvant first-line platinum-based chemotherapy as well as XRCC1 playing an important role in the DNA repair of cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells. In the present study, we demonstrated the role of JWA in cisplatin-induced DNA lesions and aquired cisplatin resistance in five cell-culture models: gastric epithelial cells GES-1, cisplatin-sensitive gastric cancer cell lines BGC823 and SGC7901, and the cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cell lines BGC823/DDP and SGC7901/DDP. Our results indicated that JWA is required for DNA repair following cisplatin-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) via XRCC1 in normal gastric epithelial cells. However, in gastric cancer cells, JWA enhanced cisplatin-induced cell death through regulation of DNA damage-induced apoptosis. The protein expression of JWA was significantly decreased in cisplatin-resistant cells and contributed to cisplatin resistance. Interestingly, as JWA upregulated XRCC1 expression in normal cells, JWA downregulated XRCC1 expression through promoting the degradation of XRCC1 in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, the negative regulation of JWA to XRCC1 was blocked due to the mutation of 518S/519T/523T residues of XRCC1, and indicating that the CK2 activated 518S/519T/523T phosphorylation is a key point in the regulation of JWA to XRCC1. In conclusion, we report for the first time that JWA regulated cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis through the CK2—P-XRCC1—XRCC1 pathway, indicating a putative drug target for reversing cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer.
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O’Sullivan D, Henry M, Joyce H, Walsh N, Auley EM, Dowling P, Swan N, Moriarty M, Barnham P, Clynes M, Larkin A. 7B7: a novel antibody directed against the Ku70/Ku80 heterodimer blocks invasion in pancreatic and lung cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:6983-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1857-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Saiyin W, Wang D, Li L, Zhu L, Liu B, Sheng L, Li Y, Zhu B, Mao L, Li G, Zhu X. Sequential release of autophagy inhibitor and chemotherapeutic drug with polymeric delivery system for oral squamous cell carcinoma therapy. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1662-75. [PMID: 24666011 DOI: 10.1021/mp5000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy inhibition is emerging as a new paradigm for efficient cancer therapy by overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, we developed an effective chemotherapeutic system for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) based on polymeric nanomicelles for codelivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and the autophagy inhibitor LY294002 (LY). The hydrophobic DOX was conjugated onto a hydrophilic and pH-responsive hyperbranched polyacylhydrazone (HPAH), forming the DOX-conjugated HPAH (HPAH-DOX). Due to its amphiphilicity, HPAH-DOX self-assembled into nanomicelles in an aqueous solution and the autophagy inhibitor LY could be loaded into the HPAH-DOX micelles. The release of DOX and LY from the LY-loaded HPAH-DOX micelles was pH-dependent, whereas LY was released significantly faster than DOX at a mildly acidic condition. The in vitro evaluation demonstrated that the LY-loaded HPAH-DOX micelles could rapidly enter cancer cells and then release LY and DOX in response to an intracellular acidic environment. Compared to the HPAH-DOX micelles and the physical mixture of HPAH-DOX and LY, the LY-loaded HPAH-DOX micelles induced a higher proliferation inhibition of tumor cells, illustrating a synergistic effect of LY and DOX. The preferentially released LY inhibited the autophagy of tumor cells and made them more sensitive to the subsequent liberation of DOX. The polymeric codelivery system for programmable release of the chemotherapy drug and the autophagy inhibitor provides a new platform for combination of traditional chemotherapy and autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuliji Saiyin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Harbin Medical University , 141 Yiman Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
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Huang J, Song H, Liu B, Yu B, Wang R, Chen L. Expression of Notch-1 and its clinical significance in different histological subtypes of human lung adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2013; 32:84. [PMID: 24423157 PMCID: PMC3818984 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background According to the International Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma (LAD) by International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) in 2011, the diagnosis of LAD is changing from simple morphology into a comprehensive multidisciplinary classification. The aim of this study is to detect the expression of Notch-1 and analyze its clinicopathological or prognostic significance in different histological subtypes of Lung Adenocarcinomas (LADs). Methods Western blot and Semi-quantitative Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, as well as immunohisitochemistry, were performed to detect the expression of Notch-1 in LAD cells and tissue samples. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation of Notch-1 expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis of LAD patients. Results The expression level of Notch-1 protein in LAD cell lines or tissues was significantly lower than that in normal human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) or nontumor tissues (P < 0.05). By statistical analyses, it was observed that negative Notch-1 expression was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage (P = 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.026) in LAD patients. Also, the recurrence rate of Notch-1-positive group was higher than the Notch-1-negative group (P = 0.001), and patients with positive Notch-1 expression have a prolonged progression of overall survival (P = 0.033). More interestingly, the expression of Notch-1 protein was often observed to be negative in solid predominant adenocarcinoma (SPA) tissues, but highly expressed in papillary predominant adenocarcinoma (PPA) and micropapillary predominant adenocarcinoma (MPA) tissues. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with positive Notch-1 expression had a prolonged progression of overall survival compared with those with negative Notch-1 expression (P = 0.033). The median survival time of Notch-1-positive or negative patients was 64.6 months (95% CI: 31.497-97.703 months) or 36.0 months (95% CI: 12.132-59.868 months). Conclusions Notch-1 could be used as a predictable biomarker to be detected in different pathological and histological subtypes in LAD for diagnosis or prognosis.
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Cisplatin-induced downregulation of SOX1 increases drug resistance by activating autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cell. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 439:187-90. [PMID: 23994634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SOX1 was aberrant methylated in hepatocellular cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Long-term cisplatin exposure promotes methylation of SOX1 in ovarian cancer cell, suggesting that SOX1 may be involved in cisplatin resistance. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that cisplatin resistance is associated with alteration of SOX1 expression in NSCLC. Expression of levels of SOX1 was examined using RT-PCR in cisplatin resistance cells and parental cells. The level of SOX1 mRNA in cisplatin resistance cells was markedly reduced when compared to parental cells. Promoter methylation of SOX1 was induced in cisplatin resistance cells. We also found that SOX1 silencing enhanced the cisplatin-mediated autophagy in NSCLC. This study shows that inactivation of SOX1 by promoter hypermethylation, at least in part, is responsible for cisplatin resistance in human NSCLC.
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Li K, Chen B, Xu L, Feng J, Xia G, Cheng J, Wang J, Gao F, Wang X. Reversal of multidrug resistance by cisplatin-loaded magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in A549/DDP lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1867-77. [PMID: 23690684 PMCID: PMC3656817 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore whether magnetic Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles (Fe(3)O(4)-MNP) loaded with cisplatin (Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP) can reverse DDP resistance in lung cancer cells and to investigate mechanisms of multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo. MTT assay showed that DDP inhibited both A549 cells and DDP-resistant A549 cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner, and that this inhibition was enhanced by Fe(3)O(4)-MNP. An increased rate of apoptosis was detected in the Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP group compared with a control group and the Fe(3)O(4)-MNP group by flow cytometry, and typical morphologic features of apoptosis were confirmed by confocal microscopy. Accumulation of intracellular DDP in the Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP group was greater than that in the DDP group by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Further, lower levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein-1, lung resistance-related protein, Akt, and Bad, and higher levels of caspase-3 genes and proteins, were demonstrated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting in the presence of Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP. We also demonstrated that Fe(3)O(4)-MNP enhanced the effect of DDP on tumor growth in BALB/c nude mice bearing DDP-resistant human A549 xenografts by decreasing localization of lung resistance-related protein and Ki-67 immunoreactivity in cells. There were no apparent signs of toxicity in the animals. Overall, these findings suggest potential clinical application of Fe(3)O(4)-MNP-DDP to increase cytotoxicity in lung tumor xenografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Hematology, Key Medical Disciplines of Jiangsu Province, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing
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