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Fekry B, Ugartemendia L, Esnaola NF, Goetzl L. Extracellular Vesicles, Circadian Rhythms, and Cancer: A Comprehensive Review with Emphasis on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2552. [PMID: 39061191 PMCID: PMC11274441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively explores the complex interplay between extracellular vesicles (ECVs)/exosomes and circadian rhythms, with a focus on the role of this interaction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Exosomes are nanovesicles derived from cells that facilitate intercellular communication by transporting bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNA/DNA species. ECVs are implicated in a range of diseases, where they play crucial roles in signaling between cells and their surrounding environment. In the setting of cancer, ECVs are known to influence cancer initiation and progression. The scope of this review extends to all cancer types, synthesizing existing knowledge on the various roles of ECVs. A unique aspect of this review is the emphasis on the circadian-controlled release and composition of exosomes, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for early cancer detection and monitoring metastasis. We also discuss how circadian rhythms affect multiple cancer-related pathways, proposing that disruptions in the circadian clock can alter tumor development and treatment response. Additionally, this review delves into the influence of circadian clock components on ECV biogenesis and their impact on reshaping the tumor microenvironment, a key component driving HCC progression. Finally, we address the potential clinical applications of ECVs, particularly their use as diagnostic tools and drug delivery vehicles, while considering the challenges associated with clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baharan Fekry
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.U.); (L.G.)
| | - Lierni Ugartemendia
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.U.); (L.G.)
| | - Nestor F. Esnaola
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Laura Goetzl
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (L.U.); (L.G.)
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2
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Kallio HM, Savolainen K, Virtanen T, Ryyppö L, Selin H, Martikainen P, Staff S, Kivinummi K, Sipola J, Vuorinen J, Nikkola J, Nykter M, Auranen A, Annala M. Sensitive circulating tumor DNA-based residual disease detection in epithelial ovarian cancer. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402658. [PMID: 38580393 PMCID: PMC10997860 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women worldwide, and is characterized by a high rate of recurrence after surgery and chemotherapy. We sought to implement a circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)-based blood test for more accurate post-operative surveillance of this disease. We analyzed 264 plasma samples collected between June 2016 and September 2021 from 63 EOC patients using tumor-guided plasma cell-free DNA analysis to detect residual disease after treatment. Assay specificity was verified using cross-patient analysis of 1,195 control samples. ctDNA was detected in 51 of 55 (93%) samples at diagnosis, and 18 of 18 (100%) samples at progression. Positive ctDNA in the last on-treatment sample was associated with rapid progression (median 1.02 versus 3.38 yr, HR = 5.63, P < 0.001) and reduced overall survival (median 2.31 versus NR yr, HR = 8.22, P < 0.001) in patients with high-grade serous cancer. In the case of 12 patients, ctDNA assays detected progression earlier than standard surveillance, with a median lead time of 5.9 mo. To approach the physical limits of ctDNA detection, five patients were analyzed using ultra-sensitive assays interrogating 479-1,856 tumor mutations, capable of tracking ctDNA fractions down to 0.0004%. Our results demonstrate that ctDNA assays achieve high sensitivity and specificity in detecting post-operative residual disease in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Ml Kallio
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kalle Savolainen
- https://ror.org/02hvt5f17 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomo Virtanen
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lauri Ryyppö
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Selin
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Päivi Martikainen
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Synnöve Staff
- https://ror.org/02hvt5f17 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Kivinummi
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joonatan Sipola
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juuso Vuorinen
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi Nikkola
- https://ror.org/02hvt5f17 Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Nykter
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annika Auranen
- https://ror.org/02hvt5f17 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tays Cancer Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matti Annala
- https://ror.org/033003e23 Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tays Cancer Center, Tampere, Finland
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Englisz A, Smycz-Kubańska M, Mielczarek-Palacz A. Sensitivity and Specificity of Selected Biomarkers and Their Combinations in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:949. [PMID: 38732363 PMCID: PMC11083226 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14090949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in modern gynecological oncology is ovarian cancer. Despite the numerous studies currently being conducted, it is still sometimes detected at late clinical stages, where the prognosis is unfavorable. One significant contributing factor is the absence of sensitive and specific parameters that could aid in early diagnosis. An ideal screening test, in view of the low incidence of ovarian cancer, should have a sensitivity of greater than 75% and a specificity of at least 99.6%. To enhance sensitivity and specificity, diagnostic panels are being created by combining individual markers. The drive to develop better screening tests for ovarian cancer focuses on modern diagnostic methods based on molecular testing, which in turn aims to find increasingly effective biomarkers. Currently, researchers' efforts are focused on the search for a complementary parameter to those most commonly used that would satisfactorily enhance the sensitivity and specificity of assays. Several biomarkers, including microRNA molecules, autoantibodies, cDNA, adipocytokines, and galectins, are currently being investigated by researchers. This article reviews recent studies comparing the sensitivity and specificity of selected parameters used alone and in combination to increase detection of ovarian cancer at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Englisz
- The Doctoral School, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Marta Smycz-Kubańska
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Mielczarek-Palacz
- Department of Immunology and Serology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
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Liu P, Ying J, Guo X, Tang X, Zou W, Wang T, Xu X, Zhao B, Song N, Cheng J. An exploration of the effect of Chinese herbal compound on the occurrence and development of large intestine cancer and intestinal flora. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23533. [PMID: 38173486 PMCID: PMC10761579 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to observe the effect of Chinese herbal compound on the treatment of colon cancer using AOM/DSS-induced C57BL/6J colon cancer mice and to validate potential influence on intestinal flora of mice. A colorectal cancer (CRC) mouse model was built with a total of 50 C57BL/6J mice that were induced by administrating AOM/DSS. These experimental animals were split up into 5 groups, a control group, a model group, and low-, medium- and high-dose Chinese herbal compound groups. All mice were given Chinese herbal compound treatment, and the colon tissues of each group were harvested with the length measured and the number of colon polyps accounted. The Ki-67 expression in the colon tissues was detected via immuno-histochemistry. Relative quantification of the expression of genes and proteins was determined through qPCR and WB assays. Contents of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-10 in serum and colon tissues of mice were determined by ELISA. An additional 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was implemented for the identification of mouse intestinal flora. The results suggested that all low-, medium- or high-dose Chinese herbal compound could markedly inhibit the shortening of colon length and significant number reduction of colon polyps in the model group. The relative expression of genes and proteins (PCNA, Muc16, and MMP-9) associated with proliferation in mouse colon tissues were inhibited. In addition, compared with the model group, the contents of IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in serum and colon tissues were substantially decreased in the high-dose Chinese herbal compound group, thereby reducing the structure damage in colon tissues and the infiltration degree of inflammatory cells. Besides, the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB protein was markedly decreased. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that mice in the model group had decreased intestinal flora diversity, and there were significant changes in flora abundance and amino acid metabolism between the control group and the model group. Taken together, the treatment of Chinese herbal compound against CRC in this study might be regulated by the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, and the imbalance in intestinal flora was also closely related to CRC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Ying
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Wenjuan Zou
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Na Song
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
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Brzezinska B, Mysona DP, Richardson KP, Rungruang B, Hopkins D, Bearden G, Higgins R, Johnson M, Satter KB, McIndoe R, Ghamande S, Purohit S. High serum levels of inflammatory markers are associated with early recurrence in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer after platinum therapy. Gynecol Oncol 2023; 179:1-8. [PMID: 37862814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if inflammatory biomarkers can predict the long-term outcome of platinum therapy in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. METHODS Women diagnosed with high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer (n = 70) at a single institution were enrolled in a prospective serum collection study between 2005 and 2020. Seventeen markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured in serum samples on a chemistry analyzer. Association was tested for serum levels with progression-free survival (PFS), time to recurrence (TTR), overall survival (OS), and time to death (TTD) using Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier curves. Patient survival was censored at 10 years. RESULTS Higher serum levels of LDH were associated with worse PFS (HR 2.57, p = 0.028). High serum levels of BAP (HR 0.38, p = 0.025), GSP (HR 0.40, p = 0.040), HDL-c (HR 0.27, p = 0.002), and MG (HR 0.36, p = 0.017) were associated with improved PFS. Higher expression of LDH was associated with worse OS (HR 2.16, p = 0.023). Higher levels of CK.nac (HR 0.39, p = 0.033) and HDL-c (HR 0.35, p = 0.029) were associated with improved OS. Similar outcomes were found with TTR and TTD analyses. CONCLUSION General inflammatory biomarkers may serve as a guide for prognosis and treatment benefit. Future studies needed to further define their role in predicting prognosis or how these markers may affect response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Brzezinska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David P Mysona
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Katherine P Richardson
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Bunja Rungruang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Diane Hopkins
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory Bearden
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert Higgins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Marian Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Khaled Bin Satter
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Richard McIndoe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sharad Ghamande
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sharad Purohit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Functional precision oncology using patient-derived assays: bridging genotype and phenotype. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2023; 20:305-317. [PMID: 36914745 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Genomics-based precision medicine has revolutionized oncology but also has inherent limitations. Functional precision oncology is emerging as a complementary approach that aims to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype by modelling individual tumours in vitro. These patient-derived ex vivo models largely preserve several tumour characteristics that are not captured by genomics approaches and enable the functional dissection of tumour vulnerabilities in a personalized manner. In this Review, we discuss several examples of personalized functional assays involving tumour organoids, spheroids and explants and their potential to predict treatment responses and drug-induced toxicities in individual patients. These developments have opened exciting new avenues for precision oncology, with the potential for successful clinical applications in contexts in which genomic data alone are not informative. To implement these assays into clinical practice, we outline four key barriers that need to be overcome: assay success rates, turnaround times, the need for standardized conditions and the definition of in vitro responders. Furthermore, we discuss novel technological advances such as microfluidics that might reduce sample requirements, assay times and labour intensity and thereby enable functional precision oncology to be implemented in routine clinical practice.
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Sharma T, Nisar S, Masoodi T, Macha MA, Uddin S, Akil AAS, Pandita TK, Singh M, Bhat AA. Current and emerging biomarkers in ovarian cancer diagnosis; CA125 and beyond. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 133:85-114. [PMID: 36707207 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Its five-year survival rates are worse than the two most common gynecological cancers, cervical and endometrial. This is because it is asymptomatic in the early stages and usually detected in the advanced metastasized stage. Thus, survival is increasingly dependent on timely diagnosis. The delay in detection is contributed partly by the occurrence of non-specific clinical symptoms in the early stages and the lack of effective biomarkers and detection approaches. This underlines the need for biomarker identification and clinical validation, enabling earlier diagnosis, effective prognosis, and response to therapy. Apart from the traditional diagnostic biomarkers for OC, several new biomarkers have been delineated using advanced high-throughput molecular approaches in recent years. They are currently being clinically evaluated for their true diagnostic potential. In this chapter, we document the commonly utilized traditional screening markers and recently identified emerging biomarkers in OC diagnosis, focusing on secretory and protein biomarkers. We also briefly reviewed the recent advances and prospects in OC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang Sharma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Laboratory of Cancer immunology and genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ammira Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tej K Pandita
- Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mayank Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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Nisar N, Mir SA, Kareem O, Pottoo FH. Proteomics approaches in the identification of cancer biomarkers and drug discovery. Proteomics 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-95072-5.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Bae G, Berezhnoy G, Koch A, Cannet C, Schäfer H, Kommoss S, Brucker S, Beziere N, Trautwein C. Stratification of ovarian cancer borderline from high-grade serous carcinoma patients by quantitative serum NMR spectroscopy of metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1158330. [PMID: 37168255 PMCID: PMC10166069 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1158330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Traditional diagnosis is based on histology or clinical-stage classification which provides no information on tumor metabolism and inflammation, which, however, are both hallmarks of cancer and are directly associated with prognosis and severity. This project was an exploratory approach to profile metabolites, lipoproteins, and inflammation parameters (glycoprotein A and glycoprotein B) of borderline ovarian tumor (BOT) and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) for identifying additional useful serum markers and stratifying ovarian cancer patients in the future. Methods: This project included 201 serum samples of which 50 were received from BOT and 151 from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), respectively. All the serum samples were validated and phenotyped by 1H-NMR-based metabolomics with in vitro diagnostics research (IVDr) standard operating procedures generating quantitative data on 38 metabolites, 112 lipoprotein parameters, and 5 inflammation markers. Uni- and multivariate statistics were applied to identify NMR-based alterations. Moreover, biomarker analysis was carried out with all NMR parameters and CA-125. Results: Ketone bodies, glutamate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, glucose, glycerol, and phenylalanine levels were significantly higher in HGSOC, while the same tumors showed significantly lower levels of alanine and histidine. Furthermore, alanine and histidine and formic acid decreased and increased, respectively, over the clinical stages. Inflammatory markers glycoproteins A and B (GlycA and GlycB) increased significantly over the clinical stages and were higher in HGSOC, alongside significant changes in lipoproteins. Lipoprotein subfractions of VLDLs, IDLs, and LDLs increased significantly in HGSOC and over the clinical stages, while total plasma apolipoprotein A1 and A2 and a subfraction of HDLs decreased significantly over the clinical stages. Additionally, LDL triglycerides significantly increased in advanced ovarian cancer. In biomarker analysis, glycoprotein inflammation biomarkers behaved in the same way as the established clinical biomarker CA-125. Moreover, CA-125/GlycA, CA-125/GlycB, and CA-125/Glycs are potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Last, the quantitative inflammatory parameters clearly displayed unique patterns of metabolites, lipoproteins, and CA-125 in BOT and HGSOC with clinical stages I-IV. Conclusion: 1H-NMR-based metabolomics with commercial IVDr assays could detect and identify altered metabolites and lipoproteins relevant to EOC development and progression and show that inflammation (based on glycoproteins) increased along with malignancy. As inflammation is a hallmark of cancer, glycoproteins, thereof, are promising future serum biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response of EOC. This was supported by the definition and stratification of three different inflammatory serum classes which characterize specific alternations in metabolites, lipoproteins, and CA-125, implicating that future diagnosis could be refined not only by diagnosed histology and/or clinical stages but also by glycoprotein classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuntae Bae
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Georgy Berezhnoy
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Kommoss
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence CMFI (EXC 2124) “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christoph Trautwein,
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Elkommos-Zakhary M, Rajesh N, Beljanski V. Exosome RNA Sequencing as a Tool in the Search for Cancer Biomarkers. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8060075. [PMID: 36412910 PMCID: PMC9680254 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous noninvasive methods are currently being used to determine biomarkers for diseases such as cancer. However, these methods are not always precise and reliable. Thus, there is an unmet need for better diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that will be used to diagnose cancer in early, more treatable stages of the disease. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin released by the majority of cells. Exosomes contain and transport nucleic acids, proteins, growth factors, and cytokines from their parent cells to surrounding or even distant cells via circulation in biofluids. Exosomes have attracted the interest of researchers, as recent data indicate that exosome content may be indicative of disease stages and may contribute to disease progression via exosome-mediated extracellular communication. Therefore, the contents of these vesicles are being investigated as possible biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. The functions of exosomes and their contents in disease development are becoming clearer as isolation and analytical methods, such as RNA sequencing, advance. In this review, we discuss current advances and challenges in exosomal content analyses with emphasis on information that can be generated using RNA sequencing. We also discuss how the RNA sequencing of exosomes may be used to discover novel biomarkers for the detection of different stages for various cancers using specific microRNAs that were found to be differentially expressed between healthy controls and cancer-diagnosed subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Elkommos-Zakhary
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
| | - Neeraja Rajesh
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
| | - Vladimir Beljanski
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
- Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chauhan S, Shrivastava D, Dhande R, Deo A. Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Ovarian Serous Cancer Followed by Debulking. Cureus 2022; 14:e28909. [PMID: 36237759 PMCID: PMC9546745 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancers are one of the most common gynecological cancers and serous tumor is one of the most common histological form of extrauterine female genital tract tumors. While ovarian serous carcinoma is a well-studied human gynecologic malignancy, this high-grade tumor remains lethal. Case description: A 50-year-old female with P2L2A2 (Para-2, Live-2, Abortion-2) presented with pain in the abdomen for six months. Investigations were done, which revealed bilateral large ovarian cystic lesion suggestive of ovarian malignancy. She underwent six cycles of chemotherapy followed by exploratory laparotomy. Objective: We examined the precipitating factors, laboratory abnormalities including cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) levels, treatment strategies including neoadjuvant therapy and debulking surgery, and clinical recovery in ovarian malignancy. Conclusion: Primary debulking surgery (PDS), although the preferred treatment for ovarian cancer, is accompanied by combination chemotherapy based on platinum. However, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) has gained a reputation as a legitimate therapeutic technique specifically for patients with stage IV unresectable bulky tumors or poor general condition. Treatment with NACT is now expected to become a routine treatment or a successful treatment choice for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
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[MUC16: The Novel Target for Tumor Therapy]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2022; 25:452-459. [PMID: 35899441 PMCID: PMC9346149 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2022.101.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mucin16 (MUC16), also known as carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), is a glycoprotein antigen that can be recognized by the monoclonal antibody OC125 detected from epithelial ovarian carcinoma antigen by Bast et al in 1981. CA125 is not present in normal ovarian tissue but is usually elevated in the serum of epithelial ovarian carcinoma patients. CA125 is the most commonly used serologic biomarker for the diagnosis and recurrence monitoring of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. MUC16 is highly expressed in varieties of tumors. MUC16 can interact with galectin-1/3, mesothelin, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins-9 (Siglec-9), and other ligands. MUC16 plays an important role in tumor genesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor immunity through various signaling pathways. Besides, therapies targeting MUC16 have some significant achievements. Related preclinical studies and clinical trials are in progress. MUC16 may be a potential novel target for tumor therapy. This article will review the mechanism of MUC16 in tumor genesis and progression, and focus on the research actuality of MUC16 in tumor therapy. This article also provides references for subsequent tumor therapy studies targeting MUC16.
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Dhiman P, Bapsy P, Patil C, Raghupathi R. Is Optimal Cytoreduction Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy the Only Prognostic Factor in Advanced Ovarian Cancer? South Asian J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1754441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women. Approximately 70% of patients with EOC are diagnosed in advanced stage [The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO stage III and IV)] with an expected 5-year survival rate of 30%. Numerous studies have shown that survival with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) is noninferior to primary debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy.
Materials and Methods In this retroprospective observational study, 50 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, diagnosed from January 2012 to January 2015, were included and followed-up till January 2017. Correlation of NACT with patient profile, CA125 levels, clinicopathologic parameters, progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment response was studied. Statistical analysis was performed using log-rank test and Kaplan-Meir survival plots.
Results The extent of cytoreduction significantly correlated with PFS. The PFS was maximum in patients who had optimal cytoreduction (19 months) and 10 months in patients with suboptimal cytoreduction with p-value < 0.05. The survival was not significantly correlated with other parameters such as age, stage, preoperative CA125 levels, and ascites.
Conclusions The extent of cytoreduction following NACT in this study was associated with statistically significant PFS advantage in patients who were able to undergo optimal cytoreduction, but not significantly correlated to other factors such as age, stage, preoperative CA125 levels, and ascites. NACT followed by interval cytoreduction is an important modality affecting survival in advanced EOC. Further studies and longer follow-up are needed to demonstrate survival advantage over standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Dhiman
- Medical Oncology, Department of RT and Oncology, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - P.P. Bapsy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C.N. Patil
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Renu Raghupathi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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14
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Dhiman P, Bapsy P, Patil C, Raghupathi R. Is Optimal Cytoreduction Post Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy the Only Prognostic Factor in Advanced Ovarian Cancer? South Asian J Cancer 2022; 11:207-212. [PMID: 36588609 PMCID: PMC10497344 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pravesh Dhiman, DNB (Medical Oncology).Background Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women. Approximately 70% of patients with EOC are diagnosed in advanced stage [The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO stage III and IV)] with an expected 5-year survival rate of 30%. Numerous studies have shown that survival with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) is noninferior to primary debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy. Materials and Methods In this retroprospective observational study, 50 patients with advanced ovarian cancer, diagnosed from January 2012 to January 2015, were included and followed-up till January 2017. Correlation of NACT with patient profile, CA125 levels, clinicopathologic parameters, progression-free survival (PFS), and treatment response was studied. Statistical analysis was performed using log-rank test and Kaplan-Meir survival plots. Results The extent of cytoreduction significantly correlated with PFS. The PFS was maximum in patients who had optimal cytoreduction (19 months) and 10 months in patients with suboptimal cytoreduction with p -value < 0.05. The survival was not significantly correlated with other parameters such as age, stage, preoperative CA125 levels, and ascites. Conclusions The extent of cytoreduction following NACT in this study was associated with statistically significant PFS advantage in patients who were able to undergo optimal cytoreduction, but not significantly correlated to other factors such as age, stage, preoperative CA125 levels, and ascites. NACT followed by interval cytoreduction is an important modality affecting survival in advanced EOC. Further studies and longer follow-up are needed to demonstrate survival advantage over standard treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravesh Dhiman
- Medical Oncology, Department of RT and Oncology, IGMC, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - P.P. Bapsy
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - C.N. Patil
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Renu Raghupathi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Apollo Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Li N, Lin G, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zhang H. Exosome-related protein CRABP2 is upregulated in ovarian carcinoma and enhances cell proliferation. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:33. [PMID: 35578123 PMCID: PMC9110584 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer among women worldwide. Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is a considerable challenge for gynecological oncologists. The exosome is a new emerging biomarker pool for cancer. Herein, we apply integrative transcriptome analysis to discover a new exosome biomarker for the diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. We found 2316 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which were 431 DEGs that coded exosome proteins. We demonstrated three potential biomarkers-CRABP2, SPP1, and TNFAIP6, which are higher in ovarian cancer and associated with poor prognosis. According to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, CRABP2 performs better than the currently used biomarker CA125 in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. CRABP2 level significantly elevates as the malignant property increases. We further confirmed that CRABP2 is upregulated in clinical tumor tissues of ovarian cancer patients as the malignant levels increase. CRABP2 can be detected and upregulated in the exosome in ovarian cancer patient serum samples rather than in healthy controls. GSEA revealed that high expression of CRABP2 was positively correlated with mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation pathway. At the same time, overexpression of CRABP2 can upregulate oxidative metabolism-related genes such as CYP4A11 and promote cell proliferation. Our findings based on CRABP2 could advance current practice in diagnosing and treating ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China
| | - Guocui Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524023, China.
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16
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Hu X, Zhang J, Cao Y. Factors associated with serum CA125 level in women without ovarian cancer in the United States: a population-based study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:544. [PMID: 35568827 PMCID: PMC9107191 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is clinically used to monitor response to therapy in ovarian cancer and has been proposed for use in detecting ovarian cancer. This population-based study examines how demographic characteristics, gynecologic/reproductive history, chronic non-malignant medical conditions, history of non-ovarian cancer, lifestyle practices, and biomarkers of inflammation correlate with serum CA125 in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women without ovarian cancer across the United States. Methods Participants were identified from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2002. Linear and logistic regression models were applied. Results Higher CA125 levels were found to correlate with younger age, Non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity, and lower body mass index. In premenopausal women (N = 1157), current smoking was associated with lower CA125 (− 24.95%, p = 0.008), and history of non-ovarian cancer was associated with higher CA125 (40.64%, p = 0.045) by multivariable linear regression; both current smoking (odds ratio (OR) = 0.42, p = 0.043) and oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use of 5–10 years (OR = 0.31, p = 0.032) were less likely to be associated with having CA125 level ≥ 35 U/ml by multivariable logistic regression. In postmenopausal women (N = 1116), coronary artery disease (CAD) history was associated with higher CA125 (28.27%, p = 0.047) by multivariable linear regression; history of CAD (OR = 5.00, p = 0.011), history of breastfeeding (OR = 2.46, p = 0.026), and increased CRP level (OR = 1.41, p = 0.042) were more likely to be associated with having CA125 level ≥ 35 U/ml by multivariable logistic regression. Conclusions Results suggest CA125 is lower in premenopausal women who are current smokers and OCP users of moderately longer duration but higher in those with non-ovarian cancer. CA125 is higher in those postmenopausal women with CAD, history of breastfeeding and elevated CRP level. These associations can inform clinical interpretation of individual patients’ CA125 levels. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09637-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingzhou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Yadav N, Podder AR. Utility of CA 125 in Determining the Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy. INDIAN JOURNAL OF GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40944-022-00622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vahidfar N, Farzanefar S, Ahmadzadehfar H, Molloy EN, Eppard E. A Review of Nuclear Medicine Approaches in the Diagnosis and the Treatment of Gynecological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1779. [PMID: 35406552 PMCID: PMC8997132 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear medicine is defined as the diagnosis and the treatment of disease using radiolabeled compounds known as radiopharmaceuticals. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) based radiopharmaceuticals have proven reliable in diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine and cancer treatment. One of the most critical cancers that also relies on an early diagnosis is gynecological cancer. Given that approximately 25% of all cancers in developing countries are a subset of gynecological cancer, investigating this cancer subtype is of significant clinical worth, particularly in light of its high rate of mortality. With accurate identification of high grade distant abdominal endometrial cancer as well as extra abdominal metastases, 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT imaging is considered a valuable step forward in the investigation of gynecological cancer. Considering these factors, [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging can assist in making management of patient therapy more feasible. In this literature review, we will provide a short overview of the role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of obstetric and gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Vahidfar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733133, Iran; (N.V.); (S.F.)
| | - Saeed Farzanefar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733133, Iran; (N.V.); (S.F.)
| | | | - Eóin N. Molloy
- University Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University (OvGU), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Eppard
- University Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Otto von Guericke University (OvGU), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
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Sharma SK, Mack KN, Piersigilli A, Pourat J, Edwards KJ, Keinänen O, Jiao MS, Zhao H, White B, Brooks CL, de Stanchina E, Madiyalakan MR, Hollingsworth MA, Radhakrishnan P, Lewis JS, Zeglis BM. ImmunoPET of Ovarian and Pancreatic Cancer with AR9.6, a Novel MUC16-Targeted Therapeutic Antibody. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:948-959. [PMID: 34907079 PMCID: PMC8898287 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Advances in our understanding of the contribution of aberrant glycosylation to the pro-oncogenic signaling and metastasis of tumor cells have reinvigorated the development of mucin-targeted therapies. Here, we validate the tumor-targeting ability of a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb), AR9.6, that binds MUC16 and abrogates downstream oncogenic signaling to confer a therapeutic response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The in vitro and ex vivo validation of the binding of AR9.6 to MUC16 was achieved via flow cytometry, radioligand binding assay (RBA), and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The in vivo MUC16 targeting of AR9.6 was validated by creating a 89Zr-labeled radioimmunoconjugate of the mAb and utilizing immunoPET and ex vivo biodistribution studies in xenograft models of human ovarian and pancreatic cancer. RESULTS Flow cytometry, RBA, and IHC revealed that AR9.6 binds to ovarian and pancreatic cancer cells in an MUC16-dependent manner. The in vivo radiopharmacologic profile of 89Zr-labeled AR9.6 in mice bearing ovarian and pancreatic cancer xenografts confirmed the MUC16-dependent tumor targeting by the radioimmunoconjugate. Radioactivity uptake was also observed in the distant lymph nodes (LNs) of mice bearing xenografts with high levels of MUC16 expression (i.e., OVCAR3 and Capan-2). IHC analyses of these PET-positive LNs highlighted the presence of shed antigen as well as necrotic, phagocytized, and actively infiltrating neoplastic cells. The humanization of AR9.6 did not compromise its ability to target MUC16-expressing tumors. CONCLUSIONS The unique therapeutic mechanism of AR9.6 combined with its excellent in vivo tumor targeting makes it a highly promising theranostic agent. huAR9.6 is poised for clinical translation to impact the management of metastatic ovarian and pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kyeara N. Mack
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, and The Rockefeller University, New York
| | - Jacob Pourat
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kimberly J. Edwards
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Outi Keinänen
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Maria S. Jiao
- Tri-Institutional Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, and The Rockefeller University, New York
| | - Huiyong Zhao
- Anti-Tumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | - Brandy White
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, California
| | - Cory L. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, California State University, Fresno, California
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Anti-Tumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York
| | | | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brian M. Zeglis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
- Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York
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20
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Lakatos K, González G, Hoballah J, Brooker J, Jeong S, Evans C, Krauledat P, Hansen WP, Elias KM, Patankar M, Fülöp V, Konstantinopoulos PA, Cramer DW. Application of a novel microscopic technique for quantifying CA125 binding to circulating mononuclear cells in longitudinal specimens during treatment for ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:28. [PMID: 35219339 PMCID: PMC8881808 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Measurement of serum CA125, an antigenic fragment of human mucin 16 (MUC16), is used to monitor the clinical progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, rather than simply a passive marker reflecting tumor burden, MUC16 may have a more active role by binding to immune cells and altering their tumor response. We developed a research tool to measure MUC16-binding to the surfaces of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subtypes and tested its research value using specimens collected serially from a woman being treated for high grade serous EOC. Methods Cryopreserved PBMCs were mixed with anti-CA125 antibody-labeled plasmonic gold nanoparticles (PNPs) to detect cell surface MUC16-binding along with fluorescent stains to identify B cells, NK cells, NK-T cells, T cells, and monocytes. From 3D darkfield images, a computer algorithm was applied to enumerate PNP-binding and fluorescence microscopy to identify cell lineage. Average MUC16-binding was determined by fitting a Poisson distribution to PNP-counts across similar cell types. MUC16-binding to cell types was correlated with treatment details, CA125 levels, and complete blood count (CBC) data. Results Over a 21-month period, monocytes had the highest level of MUC16-binding which was positively correlated with serum CA125 and inversely correlated with circulating monocyte and lymphocyte counts. Fluctuations of PNP-binding to NK cells were associated temporally with types of chemotherapy and surgical events. Levels of MUC16 bound to NK cells were positively correlated with levels of MUC16 bound to T and NK-T cells and inversely correlated with circulating platelets. Conclusions Assessment of MUC16-binding among cryopreserved PBMC cell types can be accomplished using darkfield and fluorescence microscopy. Correlations observed between level of binding by cell type with serum CA125, CBC data, and treatment details suggest that the new techniques may offer novel insights into EOC’s clinical course.
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Ebrahimi V, Khalafi‐Nezhad A, Ahmadpour F, Jowkar Z. Conditional disease-free survival rates and their associated determinants in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer: A 15-year retrospective cohort study. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1416. [PMID: 33949809 PMCID: PMC8714540 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common type of ovarian cancer (OC) is epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) which is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in adult women. AIM This study aimed to determine the conditional disease-free survival (CDFS) rates and their associated determinants in patients with EOC. METHODS AND RESULTS The clinical and demographic data of 335 patients with confirmed EOC at Motahari Clinic (Shiraz, Iran) were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Traditional DFS (TDFS) and CDFS were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and cumulative DFS estimates, respectively. To evaluate the effects of the prognostic determinants on the DFS of the patients, a multiple covariate Cox analysis using the landmarking method was applied. The 1- and 3-year TDFSs were 81.1% and 47.0%, respectively, and decreased over time. At baseline, a higher stage tumor and endometrioid histology were associated with a higher risk of recurrence when compared to stage I and other histological subtypes, respectively. The hazard of recurrence for older women (age ≥55 years) was approximately twice and three times more than that of women aged <45 years at 1- and 3-year landmark time points, respectively. CONCLUSION The age at diagnosis, defined by a cut-off of 55 years, was a prognostic factor for the CDFS of EOC women. Moreover, patients with advanced-stage EOC (ASEOC) (stages III and IV) and endometrioid histology had poorer CDFSs compared to those with early-stage EOC (ESEOC) (stages I and II) and other histological types. In ESEOC patients with age at diagnosis of >55 years, CDFS gradually decreased in 3 years after remission which should be considered for follow-up care decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ebrahimi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Abolfazl Khalafi‐Nezhad
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Stem Cell TransplantationSchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadpour
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of MedicineShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Zahra Jowkar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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22
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Pericardial Tamponade and Elevated Serum CA-125 Level in Inadequately Treated Hypothyroidism. Case Rep Cardiol 2021; 2021:2666601. [PMID: 34804614 PMCID: PMC8598365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2666601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tamponade is a medical emergency and must be managed promptly, and reaching a diagnosis is imperative to prevent recurrence. Herein, we present a case of a young female patient that presented with progressive shortness of breath and abdominal distension and was found to have cardiac tamponade with the finding of elevation of a blood tumor marker, CA-125, in the setting of nonadherence to thyroid replacement therapy. She was managed by surgical pericardial window and abdominal paracentesis, with replacement of thyroid hormones leading to resolution of the tamponade and ascites. CA-125 elevation associated with cardiac tamponade and myxedema ascites due to hypothyroidism is very rare, and we aim to shed light on the importance of having a broad differential when approaching cardiac tamponade and understand the association between CA-125 and hypothyroidism.
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23
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Rao S, Smith DA, Guler E, Kikano EG, Rajdev MA, Yoest JM, Ramaiya NH, Tirumani SH. Past, Present, and Future of Serum Tumor Markers in Management of Ovarian Cancer: A Guide for the Radiologist. Radiographics 2021; 41:1839-1856. [PMID: 34597221 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021210005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to accurately detect early ovarian cancer and subsequently monitor treatment response is essential to improving survival for patients with ovarian malignancies. Several serum tumor markers (STMs)-including cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-have been used as a noninvasive method of identifying ovarian cancer in conjunction with imaging. Although current guidelines do not recommend use of STMs as screening tools for ovarian cancer, these markers have clinical utility in both diagnosis and surveillance for women with ovarian cancer. CA-125 is the most commonly used STM; its level may be elevated in several types of ovarian cancer, including epithelial cell tumors, carcinosarcoma, teratomas, and secondary ovarian malignancies. An elevated level of CA 19-9 is associated with clear cell tumors, teratomas, and secondary malignancies. CEA is most commonly associated with mucinous ovarian cancers. Finally, HE4 is being increasingly used to identify certain subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancers, particularly serous and endometrioid tumors. Diagnosis of ovarian cancers relies on a combination of CA-125 levels and US findings, which include a large adnexal mass or high-risk features, including septa and increased vascularity. CT is preferred for staging and is used along with PET and STM monitoring for surveillance. Increasingly, MRI is being used to characterize ovarian lesions that are indeterminate at US or CT. The future of STM testing involves development of "liquid biopsies," in which plasma samples are analyzed for evidence of tumors, including circulating tumor DNA or tumor cells and tumor micro-RNA. When combined with traditional imaging techniques, liquid biopsies may lead to earlier diagnosis and improved survival. An invited commentary by Shinagare is available online. ©RSNA, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Rao
- From the Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, B114, Cleveland, OH 44106-4915 (S.R., D.A.S., E.G., E.G.K., M.A.R., N.H.R., S.H.T.); and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.M.Y.)
| | - Daniel A Smith
- From the Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, B114, Cleveland, OH 44106-4915 (S.R., D.A.S., E.G., E.G.K., M.A.R., N.H.R., S.H.T.); and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.M.Y.)
| | - Ezgi Guler
- From the Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, B114, Cleveland, OH 44106-4915 (S.R., D.A.S., E.G., E.G.K., M.A.R., N.H.R., S.H.T.); and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.M.Y.)
| | - Elias G Kikano
- From the Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, B114, Cleveland, OH 44106-4915 (S.R., D.A.S., E.G., E.G.K., M.A.R., N.H.R., S.H.T.); and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.M.Y.)
| | - Maharshi A Rajdev
- From the Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, B114, Cleveland, OH 44106-4915 (S.R., D.A.S., E.G., E.G.K., M.A.R., N.H.R., S.H.T.); and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.M.Y.)
| | - Jennifer M Yoest
- From the Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, B114, Cleveland, OH 44106-4915 (S.R., D.A.S., E.G., E.G.K., M.A.R., N.H.R., S.H.T.); and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.M.Y.)
| | - Nikhil H Ramaiya
- From the Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, B114, Cleveland, OH 44106-4915 (S.R., D.A.S., E.G., E.G.K., M.A.R., N.H.R., S.H.T.); and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.M.Y.)
| | - Sree Harsha Tirumani
- From the Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, B114, Cleveland, OH 44106-4915 (S.R., D.A.S., E.G., E.G.K., M.A.R., N.H.R., S.H.T.); and Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (J.M.Y.)
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24
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Karami Fath M, Akbari Oryani M, Ramezani A, Barjoie Mojarad F, Khalesi B, Delazar S, Anjomrooz M, Taghizadeh A, Taghizadeh S, Payandeh Z, Pourzardosht N. Extra chromosomal DNA in different cancers: Individual genome with important biological functions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 166:103477. [PMID: 34534658 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer can be caused by various factors, including the malfunction of tumor suppressor genes and the hyper-activation of proto-oncogenes. Tumor-associated extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) has been shown to adversely affect human health and accelerate malignant actions. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on different cancer types suggested that the amplification of ecDNA has increased the oncogene copy number in various cancers. The unique structure and function of ecDNA, its profound significance in cancer, and its help in the comprehension of current cancer genome maps, renders it as a hotspot to explore the tumor pathogenesis and evolution. Illumination of the basic mechanisms of ecDNA may provide more insights into cancer therapeutics. Despite the recent advances, different features of ecDNA require further elucidation. In the present review, we primarily discussed the characteristics, biogenesis, genesis, and origin of ecDNA and later highlighted its functions in both tumorigenesis and therapeutic resistance of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karami Fath
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arefeh Ramezani
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Barjoie Mojarad
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalesi
- Department of Research and Production of Poultry Viral Vaccine, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | - Sina Delazar
- Department of Radiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Anjomrooz
- Department of Radiology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arvin Taghizadeh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Taghizadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Navid Pourzardosht
- Biochemistry Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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25
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Abou-Omar MN, Attia MS, Afify HG, Amin MA, Boukherroub R, Mohamed EH. Novel Optical Biosensor Based on a Nano-Gold Coated by Schiff Base Doped in Sol/Gel Matrix for Sensitive Screening of Oncomarker CA-125. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20812-20821. [PMID: 34423189 PMCID: PMC8374908 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The urge for sensitive, facile, minimally invasive, and fast detection method of CA-125, a significant and crucial biomarker in ovarian malignancy, is currently substantial. This paper describes the detailed construction and characterization of a newly designed optical nano-biosensor to detect CA-125 accurately and sensitively. The fabricated sensor consists of a nano-gold thin film doped into a matrix of sol-gel, exhibiting a centered fluorescence band at 423 nm when excited at 340 nm. The quantification of CA-125 relies on its quenching ability of this fluorescence signal. The sensor was challenged to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity in detecting CA-125 present in samples collected from ovarian cancer diagnosed patients and compared to samples from healthy women as a control. Our findings revealed that the developed biosensor had a sensitivity of 97.35% and a specificity of 94.29%. Additionally, a wide linearity range over 2.0-127.0 U mL-1 for CA-125 was achieved with a detection limit of 1.45 U mL-1. Furthermore, the sensor could successfully discriminate samples between healthy and diseased people, which demonstrates its suitability in CA-125 assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N. Abou-Omar
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 13013, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Attia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams
University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hisham G. Afify
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 13013, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Amin
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ.
Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique
Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 − IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ekram H. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, 11837 El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Yousefi M, Rajaie S, Keyvani V, Bolandi S, Hasanzadeh M, Pasdar A. Clinical significance of circulating tumor cell related markers in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer before and after adjuvant chemotherapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10524. [PMID: 34006887 PMCID: PMC8131620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88780-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have recently been considered as new prognostic and diagnostic markers for various human cancers; however, their significance in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains to be elucidated. In this study, using quantitative real-time PCR, we evaluated the expression of EPCAM, MUC1, CEA, HE4 and CA125 mRNAs, as putative markers of CTCs, in the blood of 51 EOC patients before and/or after adjuvant chemotherapy. Our results demonstrated that, before chemotherapy, the expression of EPCAM, MUC1, CEA and HE4 mRNAs were correlated to each other. CEA expression was correlated with tumor stage (r = 0.594, p = 0.000) before chemotherapy, whereas its expression after chemotherapy was correlated with serum levels of CA125 antigen (r = 0.658, p = 0.000). HE4 mRNA showed the highest sensitivity both before and after chemotherapy (82.98% and 85.19%, respectively) and the persistence of this marker after chemotherapy was associated with advanced disease stage. The expression of CA125 mRNA had negative correlation with the other markers and with tumor stage and therapy response (evaluated by the measurement of serum CA125 antigen). Collectively, our results indicated a better clinical significance of tumor-specific markers (CEA and HE4 mRNAs) compared to epithelial-specific markers (EPCAM and MUC1 mRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Yousefi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Rajaie
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan Branch, Arsanjan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Bolandi
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Division of Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.
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27
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Gao H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Yu H, Rong S, Meng L, Song S, Mei Y, Pan H, Chang D. Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for cancer antigen 125 detection based on novel resonance energy transfer between graphitic carbon nitride and NIR CdTe/CdS QDs. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Wei W, Zheng L, Gao Y, He M, Yang F. Expression and prognostic significance of NKD2 in ovarian cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2021; 51:459-468. [PMID: 33324989 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Naked2 (NKD2) is a negative regulator of Wnt signaling pathway and associates with transforming growth factor secretion. The role of NKD2 in ovarian cancer is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS Gene expression profiles were measured and compared in nine patients by RNA sequencing. NKD2 expressions in ovarian cancer were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Tissue slides of 79 patients were stained and scored for NKD2 expression. In vitro experiments were conducted to explore the role of NKD2 in ovarian cancer. The prognostic role of NKD2 was evaluated by survival analysis. RESULTS NKD2 was upregulated in patients with better survival by mRNA and protein expression. Patients were classified as NKD2-high group (n = 30) and NKD2-low group (n = 49) according to immunohistochemical score. High NKD2 was correlated with lower recurrence rate (P = 0.002) and higher percentage of platinum-sensitive recurrence (P = 0.006). Median progression-free survival was significantly longer for NKD2-high patients than NKD2-low patients (49.1 vs.14.1 months, P < 0.001). Accordingly, there was a significantly difference in terms of overall survival time between two groups (hazard ratio: 3.04; 95% confidence interval: 1.58-5.85, P < 0.001). Multivariate regression suggested that NKD2 was independently prognostic factors in terms of progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.61-5.27, P < 0.001) and overall survival (hazard ratio: 3.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.80-7.21, P < 0.001). In vitro studies further demonstrated that NKD2 suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation, colony formation and cell migration. CONCLUSION NKD2 is a novel prognostic marker and could suppress tumor progression in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, China
| | - Lisi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen, University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen, University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Minjun He
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China, China
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29
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Guo Y, Shen M, Shi X. Construction of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimer/Carbon Dot Nanohybrids for Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100007. [PMID: 33615730 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Design of intelligent hybrid nanoparticles that can integrate diagnosis and therapy components plays an important role in the field of nanomedicine. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers possessing a unique architecture and tunable functional groups have been widely developed for various biomedical applications. Carbon dots (CDs) are considered as a promising fluorescence probe or drug delivery system due to their stable fluorescence property and excellent biocompatibility. The distinctive merits of PAMAM dendrimers and CDs are amenable for them to be constructed as perfect nanohybrids for different biomedical applications, in particular for cancer nanomedicine. Here, the recent advances in the construction of PAMAM dendrimer/CD nanohybrids for diverse biomedical applications, in particular for sensing and cancer theranostics are summarized. Finally, the future perspectives of the PAMAM dendrimer/CD nanohybrids are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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30
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Rathinaraj Benjamin S, de Lima F. Current and Prospective of Breast Cancer Biomarkers. Mol Biotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers have shown great promise over the past decade the process of drug development more effective and have become an integral part of diagnosis of diseases. Biosensors were integrated with biomarker detection and point-of-care detection for signal amplification, high specificity and sensitivity, rapid response time, low cost, simplicity and multi-analytical testing. In order to detect more sensitively, these particular biomarkers have been explored with the possibility of real-time measurements in order to develop simple and compact systems which can analyze complex specimens. Various biosensors including electrochemical biosensors have recently been developed based on disease-specific biomarkers in the diagnosis of cancer disease. The main objective of the book chapter is to review research with new materials/methods in electrochemical biosensing techniques to detection of breast cancer biomarkers and evaluating latest techniques for detection of important analytes in real samples. In this book chapter, the recent development of electrochemical biosensors of breast cancer biomarkers will be reviewed. Furthermore, recent and future trend application of breast cancer biomarkers will be discussed.
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31
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Asali A, Haj-Yehia N, Zehavi T, Perry T, Beiner M, Fishman A, Kadan Y. High grade, advanced, serous ovarian cancer with low serum CA125 levels. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 41:1107-1111. [PMID: 33427544 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1835844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study compares characteristics of advanced stage, high grade serous ovarian cancer, presenting with high or low serum CA125 level. This was a retrospective cohort of 118 patients with high grade serous ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer, stages IIIC-IV diagnosed from January 1 1997 through January 9 2017. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics, surgical findings, chemotherapy protocols and clinical outcomes were collected. Three groups were evaluated: group A: 21 patients with CA125 serum level ≤152 U/ml, group B: 97 patients with CA125 serum level >152 U/ml, group C: 43 patients from group B with CA125 serum level >500 U/ml and <1000 U/ml. No significant difference was found between groups regarding age, stage at diagnosis, extent of residual disease or disease volume. More group A patients had surgery as primary treatment compared to groups B and C (p=.003, p=.022, respectively). CA125 level at recurrence was lower in group A as compared to the other groups (162.2 vs. 851.7 and 603.4, p=.003, p=.006). Overall survival and progression-free survival did not differ based on CA125 levels. We conclude that patients with advanced stage, high grade, serous ovarian cancer with low CA125 serum levels had the same clinical outcome as patients with higher levels.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? It is known that CA125 level is a prognostic and predictive factor for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) outcome. It is elevated in 80% of the patients and within normal range in only 10% of women with advanced stage EOC. Various studies had addressed the patients with advanced stage serous EOC who had high serum CA125 levels at time of diagnosis. But, no study has addressed the 10% of patients with advanced stage who had low serum CA125 levels at time of diagnosis.What the results of this study add? To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study addressing patients with advanced stage EOC who had low serum CA125 levels at time of diagnosis. According to the results of this study, patients with advanced stage, high grade serous EOC presenting with low serum CA125 levels have similar clinical outcomes as do patients with high serum CA125 levels.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Further translational research is encouraged for this group of tumours to identify specific molecular markers that might lead to better understanding and treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aula Asali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nasreen Haj-Yehia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tania Zehavi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talila Perry
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mario Beiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ami Fishman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yfat Kadan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Pietragalla A, Duranti S, Daniele G, Nero C, Ciccarone F, Lorusso D, Fagotti A, Scambia G. Oregovomab: an investigational agent for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:103-110. [PMID: 33423551 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1868436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) represents the leading cause of death among gynecological cancers. Despite novel compound classes like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors or poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are available, which improve significantly efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy, OC prognosis remains poor and innovative strategies are needed. The induction of tumor specific immune response with a therapeutic intent is a very challenging approach. Oregovomab is a murine monoclonal antibody direct to the tumor-associated antigen CA125 that stimulate a host cytotoxic immune response against tumor cells expressing CA125. Areas covered: This paper reviews the preclinical and clinical published data underlying the use of oregovomab in advanced OC. A literature search was performed in PubMed for oregovomab, ovarian cancer, anti-CA125, and on ClinicalTrials.gov for currently ongoing trials. Expert opinion: Oregovomab demonstrated a significant improvement in progression-free and overall survival in advanced OC treatment when administered simultaneously with first-line chemotherapy. This promising schedule is currently investigated in a phase III trial. Since oral treatments as PARP-inhibitors have recently been approved in the OC first-line setting, the possible role of oregovomab needs still to be defined, also considering the intravenous route of administration. The easy to manage toxicity profile makes oregovomab an ideal candidate for association strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Pietragalla
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Duranti
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Daniele
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Nero
- Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciccarone
- Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore , Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore , Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS , Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore , Rome, Italy
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33
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Sharbatoghli M, Vafaei S, Aboulkheyr Es H, Asadi-Lari M, Totonchi M, Madjd Z. Prediction of the treatment response in ovarian cancer: a ctDNA approach. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:124. [PMID: 33076944 PMCID: PMC7574472 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the eighth most commonly occurring cancer in women. Clinically, the limitation of conventional screening and monitoring approaches inhibits high throughput analysis of the tumor molecular markers toward prediction of treatment response. Recently, analysis of liquid biopsies including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) open new way toward cancer diagnosis and treatment in a personalized manner in various types of solid tumors. In the case of ovarian carcinoma, growing pre-clinical and clinical studies underscored promising application of ctDNA in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. In this review, we accumulate and highlight recent molecular findings of ctDNA analysis and its associations with treatment response and patient outcome. Additionally, we discussed the potential application of ctDNA in the personalized treatment of ovarian carcinoma. ctDNA-monitoring usage during the ovarian cancer treatments procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sharbatoghli
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Asadi-Lari
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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34
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You D, Zhang Z, Cao M. Development and Validation of a Prognostic Prediction Model for Postoperative Ovarian Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor Patients. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e925844. [PMID: 32943602 PMCID: PMC7523425 DOI: 10.12659/msm.925844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We developed a nomogram for prognostic prediction of overall survival (OS) in postoperative ovarian sex cord-stromal tumor (SCST) patients and discuss the effect of chemotherapy at various FIGO stages. Material/Methods SCST patients after surgery from 2004 to 2015 were enrolled from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER) database, matched into pairs by propensity score matching (PSM), and divided into a training set and a validation set. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were conducted to identify significant variables for the development of the nomogram. The nomogram model was validated by concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curve, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Survival curves showed the integrative ability of prognostic prediction and the efficacy of chemotherapy. Results A total of 913 SCST patients were initially enrolled, and after PSM, 506 patients were included. Age, marital status, CA125 levels, tumor size, FIGO stage, grade, and chemotherapy were indicators for building the OS nomogram. The C-index was 0.850 in the training set and 0.786 in the validation set. Calibration plots were satisfactory and the nomogram had relatively better clinical utility than FIGO stage. The survival analysis showed that the low-risk group had generally longer survival than the high-risk group based on the prognostic score, and chemotherapy had an overall reverse effect on OS. Conclusions The nomogram model displays the potential to provide individualized prognosis probability of SCSTs and to aid in clinical decision-making. The unfavorable results of chemotherapy in all stages shows the need for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danming You
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zuyu Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Mingzhu Cao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Méar L, Pineau C, Vialard F, Velez de la Calle JF. Endometriosis screening in patients attending an IVF clinic: a proof-of-concept retrospective cohort study. HUM FERTIL 2020; 25:313-322. [PMID: 32684058 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2020.1795731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Given that (i) endometriosis affects approximately 40% of women diagnosed with fertility problems and (ii) this condition may be an underestimated cause of idiopathic infertility, it is essential to identify high-risk patients for laparoscopic screening and reduce the diagnostic delay. We performed a retrospective analysis of 312 women (208 diagnosed with endometriosis and 104 controls) admitted to an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) unit in the city of Brest (France) between June 2007 and July 2014. As part of the women's infertility treatment, levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) were assayed in blood samples collected on the day of oocyte retrieval. Surplus serum was used to set up a new sperm agglutination test. It was observed that sperm agglutination was significantly correlated with endometriosis and CA-125 levels (p < 0.01 for both). By building a decision tree, we identified a subpopulation of patients with low CA-125 levels and a high risk of endometriosis. This proof-of-concept study constitutes a first step towards a high-quality, controlled, multi-centre trial. If our preliminary results are confirmed, the decision tree should improve the medical care given to women in IVF programmes by identifying potential endometriosis sufferers for laparoscopic examination and enabling them to be counselled about precautionary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Méar
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes Cedex, France.,GIG-EA7404, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Paris Saclay, UFR Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le Bretonneux, France.,Protim, Univ Rennes, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Charles Pineau
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes Cedex, France.,Protim, Univ Rennes, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - François Vialard
- GIG-EA7404, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Paris Saclay, UFR Sciences de la Santé-Simone Veil, Montigny-le Bretonneux, France.,Department of Biology of Reproduction, Cytogenetics and Genetics, Centre Hospitalier de Poissy-Saint Germain, CS 73082, Poissy, France
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Mulita F, Tavlas P, Maroulis I. A giant ovarian mass in a 68-year-old female with persistent abdominal pain and elevated serum CA-125 level. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2020; 19:108-110. [PMID: 32802022 PMCID: PMC7422285 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2020.97870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian masses are common findings in general gynecology. However giant ovarian mass is a rare finding. In the literature, a few cases of giant ovarian mass have been mentioned sporadically, especially in elderly patients. CASE REPORT We report a 68-year-old postmenopausal woman with a giant right ovarian mass measuring 38 × 31 × 29 cm. She presented to our department with complaints of massive abdominal distention which started gradually 6 months ago. The patient also complained of difficulty in breathing and ambulation. There were no other gastrointestinal, urinary, or gynecological symptoms CA-125 marker was slightly elevated. Because of elevation of serum CA-125 levels, ovarian malignancy was included in differential diagnosis. We performed an ovarian cystectomy without any significant complication. On histopathological examination, the mass was confirmed as benign serous cystadenoma of the right ovary. CONCLUSIONS Giant ovarian mass is a rare finding in general gynecology. Physicians must maintain heightened awareness and index of suspicion when approaching a woman with pain in any region of the abdomen or pelvis. Further investigation with abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography is necessary. Benign lesions can be found even in patients presenting with giant masses and higher CA-125 than normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesk Mulita
- Corresponding author: Francesk Mulita, Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras 265 04, Greece, e-mail:
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Chon S, Lee S, Jeong D, Lim S, Lee K, Shin J. Elevated platelet lymphocyte ratio is a poor prognostic factor in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2020; 50:101849. [PMID: 32619726 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is an important prognostic biomarker in various cancers. The current retrospective study was undertaken to determine the association between PLR and prognosis of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. We determined the optimal cutoff values of PLR for predicting survival outcomes using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Based on the PLR cutoff values, patients were divided into two groups: <226 and ≥226. Univariate analysis revealed a greater risk of death in the PLR ≥ 226 group than the PLR < 226 group (HR (hazard ratio), 2.7; 95 % CI (confidence interval), 1.3-5.4; P = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, PLR (HR, 1.9; 95 % CI, 1.1-3.6; P = 0.047) significantly affected the overall survival. Our data indicates that PLR can be used as an independent significant prognostic factor in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjoo Chon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dahoe Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyi Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangbeom Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Nagtegaal SHJ, Hulsbergen AFC, van Dorst EBL, Kavouridis VK, Jessurun CAC, Broekman MLD, Smith TR, Verhoeff JJC. Age, pathology and CA-125 are prognostic factors for survival in patients with brain metastases from gynaecological tumours. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2020; 24:11-15. [PMID: 32596517 PMCID: PMC7306503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The largest cohort of brain metastases patients from gynaecological tumours. CA-125, age and primary tumour type are prognostic for survival. This will inform clinical practice and aid the development of new prognostic tools.
Background and purpose Brain metastases originating from gynaecological tumours are a rare phenomenon, but have an increasing incidence due to better targeted therapies. This study aimed to identify factors that predict survival in these patients, which can be used in creating a robust prognostic tool for shared decision making. Materials and methods We identified a consecutive cohort of 73 patients treated for gynaecological brain metastases in two tertiary institutions. Baseline demographics, pathology and serum CA-125 were included in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Results Median overall survival in our cohort was 14.4 months, with a one-year survival of 56.4% and a two-year survival of 39.1%. Thirty-eight patients (52.1%) had ovarian carcinoma as the primary malignancy. The following factors were significantly associated with survival: age (HR 1.05 per year), CA-125 (HR 1.02 par 50 U/ml), and uterine and vulvar primary tumours (when compared to ovarian carcinoma, with HRs 3.07 and 8.70). A post-hoc analysis with primary tumour site reclassified into ovary versus non-ovary showed a HR of 0.50 for ovarian primary tumour type. Conclusion We have found that age, pathology and CA-125 are prognostic factors for survival in patients with brain metastases from gynaecological tumours. Our findings may provide a foundation for future development of prediction models, for the benefit of both patients and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H J Nagtegaal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, HP Q 00.3.11, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A F C Hulsbergen
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States.,Departments of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, J11-R-83, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E B L van Dorst
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, HP F.05.1.26, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - V K Kavouridis
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C A C Jessurun
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States
| | - M L D Broekman
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, J11-R-83, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Mailcode: WACC 8-835, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - T R Smith
- Computational Neuroscience Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J J C Verhoeff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, HP Q 00.3.11, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Fields AC, Lu PW, Li GZ, Welten V, Jolissaint JS, Vierra BM, Saadat LV, Larson AC, Atkinson RB, Melnitchouk N. Current practices and future steps for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Curr Probl Surg 2020; 57:100727. [PMID: 32151327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2019.100727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Pamela W Lu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George Z Li
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vanessa Welten
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua S Jolissaint
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Lily V Saadat
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Abby C Larson
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel B Atkinson
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Nelya Melnitchouk
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Jammal MP, Martins Filho A, Bandeira GH, Murta BMT, Murta EFC, Nomelini RS. Laboratory predictors of survival in ovarian cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:61-66. [PMID: 32130383 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To relate disease-free survival and overall survival with type I and type II ovarian cancer and preoperative laboratory parameters biomarkers. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out based on the collection of data from medical records of patients with ovarian tumors. Kaplan-Mayer curves were drawn based on the statistical analysis of the data and were compared using the Log-rank test. RESULTS Disease-free survival in type I ovarian cancer was significantly higher than in type II (p=0.0013), as well as in those with normal levels of CA-125 (p=0.0243) and with a platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) lower than 200 (p=0.0038). The overall survival of patients with type I ovarian cancer was significantly higher than in patients with type II, as well as in patients with normal CA-125 serum levels (p=0.0039) and those with a preoperative fasting glucose of less than 100 mg/dL. CONCLUSION CA-125 levels may predict greater overall and disease-free survival. PLR < 200 may suggest greater disease-free survival, whereas normal fasting glucose may suggest greater overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millena Prata Jammal
- . Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia (IPON)/Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Agrimaldo Martins Filho
- . Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia (IPON)/Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Henrique Bandeira
- . Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia (IPON)/Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Eddie Fernando Candido Murta
- . Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia (IPON)/Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
| | - Rosekeila Simões Nomelini
- . Instituto de Pesquisa em Oncologia (IPON)/Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia; Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brasil
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Sha R, Badhulika S. Recent advancements in fabrication of nanomaterial based biosensors for diagnosis of ovarian cancer: a comprehensive review. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:181. [PMID: 32076837 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-4152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is commonly diagnosed via determination of biomarkers like CA125, Mucin 1, HE4, and prostasin that can be present in the blood. However, there is a substantial need for less expensive, simpler, and portable diagnostic tools, both for timely diagnosis and management of ovarian cancer. This review (with 101 refs.) discusses various kinds of nanomaterial-based biosensors for tumor markers. Following an introduction into the field, a first section covers different kinds of biomarkers for ovarian cancer including CA125 (MUC16), mucin 1 (MUC1), human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), and prostasin. This is followed by a short overview on conventional diagnostic approaches. A large section is then presented on biosensors for determination of ovarian cancer, with subsections on optical biosensors (fluorimetric, colorimetric, surface plasmon resonance, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence), on electrochemical sensors, molecularly imprinted sensors, paper-based biosensors, microfluidic (lab-on-a-chip) assays, chemiresistive and field effect transistor-based sensors, and giant magnetoresistive sensors. Tables are presented that give an overview on the wealth of methods and materials. A concluding section summarizes the current status, addresses current challenges, and gives an outlook on potential future trends. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the review covering the advancements in the fabrication of various nanomaterial based biosensors for diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinky Sha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India
| | - Sushmee Badhulika
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, 502285, India.
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Association of expression of p53, livin, ERCC1, BRCA1 and PARP1 in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue with drug resistance and prognosis. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Samadi Pakchin P, Fathi M, Ghanbari H, Saber R, Omidi Y. A novel electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of CA125 in ovarian cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112029. [PMID: 31989938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we report on the design and development of a novel electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) oncomarker. Polyamidoamine/gold nanoparticles (PAMAM/AuNPs) were used to increase the conductivity and enhance the number of antibodies (Abs) immobilized on the electrode surface. Three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide-multiwall carbon nanotubes (3DrGO-MWCNTs) were used to modify the glassy carbon electrode to improve the electrode conductivity and specific surface area. Ab and toluidine blue attached to O-succinyl-chitosan-magnetic nanoparticles (Suc-CS@MNPs) as a tracer. The poor solubility of chitosan (CS) was improved by succinic anhydride using a novel modification method. Under optimum condition, the developed immunosensor exhibited a wide linear range (0.0005-75 U/mL) and an excellent limit of detection around 6 μU/mL. The reliability of the engineered immunosensor in detecting CA125 was verified by standard addition recovery method, which was further compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proposed immunosensor exhibited excellent stability, high selectivity and sensitivity, and good reproducibility. Based on the great performance of the engineered immunosensor, it is proposed as a robust and reliable diagnostic tool for the detection of CA125 in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Samadi Pakchin
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Fathi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saber
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Shuford S, Wilhelm C, Rayner M, Elrod A, Millard M, Mattingly C, Lotstein A, Smith AM, Guo QJ, O'Donnell L, Elder J, Puls L, Weroha SJ, Hou X, Zanfagnin V, Nick A, Stany MP, Maxwell GL, Conrads T, Sood AK, Orr D, Holmes LM, Gevaert M, Crosswell HE, DesRochers TM. Prospective Validation of an Ex Vivo, Patient-Derived 3D Spheroid Model for Response Predictions in Newly Diagnosed Ovarian Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11153. [PMID: 31371750 PMCID: PMC6671958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although 70–80% of newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients respond to first-line therapy, almost all relapse and five-year survival remains below 50%. One strategy to increase five-year survival is prolonging time to relapse by improving first-line therapy response. However, no biomarker today can accurately predict individual response to therapy. In this study, we present analytical and prospective clinical validation of a new test that utilizes primary patient tissue in 3D cell culture to make patient-specific response predictions prior to initiation of treatment in the clinic. Test results were generated within seven days of tissue receipt from newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients obtained at standard surgical debulking or laparoscopic biopsy. Patients were followed for clinical response to chemotherapy. In a study population of 44, the 32 test-predicted Responders had a clinical response rate of 100% across both adjuvant and neoadjuvant treated populations with an overall prediction accuracy of 89% (39 of 44, p < 0.0001). The test also functioned as a prognostic readout with test-predicted Responders having a significantly increased progression-free survival compared to test-predicted Non-Responders, p = 0.01. This correlative accuracy establishes the test’s potential to benefit ovarian cancer patients through accurate prediction of patient-specific response before treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christina Mattingly
- KIYATEC, Inc., Greenville, South Carolina, USA.,USC School of Medicine, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Alina Lotstein
- KIYATEC, Inc., Greenville, South Carolina, USA.,ECPI University, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Qi Jin Guo
- KIYATEC, Inc., Greenville, South Carolina, USA.,MUSC College of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren O'Donnell
- KIYATEC, Inc., Greenville, South Carolina, USA.,SYNNEX Corporation, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Larry Puls
- Prisma Health, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - S John Weroha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Alpa Nick
- Saint Thomas Health/Ascension, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - G Larry Maxwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Thomas Conrads
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology and Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Orr
- KIYATEC, Inc., Greenville, South Carolina, USA.,MacuLogix, Inc, Middletown, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Howland E Crosswell
- KIYATEC, Inc., Greenville, South Carolina, USA.,Bon Secours St. Francis, Greenville, South Carolina, USA
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Chen JP, Huang QD, Wan T, Tu H, Gu HF, Cao JY, Liu JH. Combined score of pretreatment platelet count and CA125 level (PLT-CA125) stratified prognosis in patients with FIGO stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:72. [PMID: 31362750 PMCID: PMC6668095 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of death-related ovarian cancer is epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Regarding the Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IV EOC, the 5-year overall survival (OS) has not changed in last decades. Platelet (PLT) count and CA125 level are both prognostic markers that related to inflammation and immune evasion in EOC. This study intended to assess the prognostic value of pretreatment PLT count and CA125 level in FIGO stage IV EOC. Methods The study included 108 patients diagnosed with FIGO stage IV EOC and treated with surgery and/or chemotherapy between January 1995 and December 2016. The PLT counts and CA125 levels of the patients before any treatment were analysed with clinical and pathological parameters, OS and progression-free survival (PFS). The survival of different groups was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The PLT-CA125 scores (0, 1, and 2) were defined basing on the presence of thrombocytosis (PLT count > 400,000/μL), an elevated CA125 level (CA125 > 1200 U/mL), or both. The prognostic value of PLT-CA125 was assessed with a Cox regression model. Results Median OS, but not median PFS, was significantly decreased in patients with thrombocytosis or elevated CA125 levels when compared with the others (p = 0.011 & p = 0.004). The median OS was significantly decreased in patients with a PLT-CA125 score of 2 [37.8 months; 95% confidence interval (CI) 20.6–54.9] compared with patients with a PLT-CA125 score of 0 (70.0 moths, 95% CI 38.0–101.9, p < 0.001). The median PFS was also significantly decreased in patients with a PLT-CA125 score of 2 (19.6 months; 95% CI 13.0–26.3) compared with patients with a PLT-CA125 score of 0 (32.0 months; 95% CI 23.3–40.7, p = 0.011). Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified both PLT-CA125 scores of 2 and 1 as independent poor prognostic factors for OS (p = 0.004 & p < 0.001) and PFS (p = 0.033 & p = 0.017) compared with a PLT-CA125 score of 0. Conclusions The pretreatment PLT-CA125 score can be a reliable marker with high accessibility for stratifying prognosis in patients with FIGO stage IV EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ping Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Dan Huang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Tu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Gu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ya Cao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Bahavarnia F, Saadati A, Hassanpour S, Hasanzadeh M, Shadjou N, Hassanzadeh A. Paper based immunosensing of ovarian cancer tumor protein CA 125 using novel nano-ink: A new platform for efficient diagnosis of cancer and biomedical analysis using microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPAD). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:744-754. [PMID: 31326512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the first and most important cause of malignancy death in women. Mucin 16 or MUC16 protein also known as carcinoma antigen 125 (CA 125) is the most commonly used glycoprotein for early stage diagnosis of ovarian cancer. In this work, a novel paper-based bio-device through hand writing of Ag/RGO (silver nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide) nano-ink on the flexible paper substrate using pen-on-paper technology was developed. The prepared interface was used to the recognition of CA 125 protein in human biofluid. For this purpose, Ag/rGO nano-ink was synthesized by deposition of Ag nanoparticles onto graphene oxide sheets and the reduction of graphene oxide to rGO simultaneously. Conductivity and resistance of conductive lines were studied after drawing on photographic paper. Subsequently, to prepare a new and unique immuno-device, paper electrode modified by cysteamine caped gold nanoparticles (CysA/Au NPs) using electrochemical techniques. CysA is bonded by sulfur atoms with Au (CysA/Au NPs), and from the amine group with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of Ag/RGO nano-ink deposited on the surface of paper-based electrodes (CysA/Au NPs/Ag-rGO). Then, anti-CA 125 antibody was immobilized on the electrode surface through Au NPs and CA 125 positively charged amine groups interaction. Atomic force microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering, were performed to identify the engineered immunosensor. Using chronoamperometry technique and under the optimized conditions, the low limit of quantitation (LLOQ) for the proposed immunoassay was recorded as 0.78 U/ml, which this evaluation was performed at highly linear range of 0.78-400 U/ml. The high sensitivity of the electrochemical immunosensor device is indicative of the ability of this immuno-device to detect early stages ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnas Bahavarnia
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Saadati
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Hassanpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hassanzadeh
- Department of Processing, Helmholtz-Institute Freiberg for Resource Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Chemnitzer Str. 40, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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Nasioudis D, Wilson E, Mastroyannis SA, Latif NA. Prognostic significance of elevated pre-treatment serum CA-125 levels in patients with stage I ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 238:86-89. [PMID: 31125707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic significance of elevated pre-operative serum CA-125 values for patients with early stage ovarian sex cord - stromal tumors (SCSTs). METHODS Patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 with a SCST were drawn from the U.S National Cancer Database. Those with stage I disease, and normal or elevated CA-125 values were selected for further analysis. Overall survival (OS) was evaluated for patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 with Kaplan-Meier curves, and compared with the log-rank test. A multivariate Cox analysis was performed to control for known confounders. RESULTS A total of 1156 patients met the inclusion criteria; 486 (42%) had elevated pre-treatment CA-125 values. Patients with elevated pre-treatment CA-125 (n = 417) had worse OS compared to those with normal values (n = 588), p < 0.001 from log-rank test; 5-yr OS rates were 86.8% and 94.8% respectively. After controlling for patient age (<50 vs > = 50 yrs), the presence of medical co-morbidities, tumor histology (granulosa vs non-granulosa), size (<10 vs > = 10 cm vs unknown) and the performance of lymphadenectomy, elevated pre-treatment CA-125 levels were associated with a worse survival (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.82, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of patients with early stage SCSTs elevated preoperative CA-125 levels were associated with worse survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Nasioudis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Elise Wilson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Spyridon A Mastroyannis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nawar A Latif
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Mansha M, Gill A, Thomson PC. Potential risk factors of ovarian cancer and analysis of CA125, a biomarker used for its monitoring and diagnosis. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3325-3332. [PMID: 31006098 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fourth most common cancer among Pakistani, Scottish and Chinese women. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of potential risk factors with OC and analysis of Cancer Antigen 125 (CA125) in its monitoring and diagnosis. A total of 200 patients diagnosed with OC were included in this study. All the patients were interviewed and 54 OC patients (case group) and 35 age-matched healthy subjects (control group) gave their blood for analysis of CA125. The blood of case and control groups was subjected to an ELISA test for the evaluation of CA125 levels. Majority of the patients were of 40-50 years of age and most of the patients were diagnosed at this period of life. The majority of the patients experienced their first menarche and menopause at the age of 13-14 and 40-50 years respectively. There is no significant association between early menarche and OC family history, nor between late menopause and OC family history. There is a significant association between family history of breast cancer (BC) and age of menarche (P = 0.005). An OC patient with an age of menarche of 13 years or younger has 2.8 times the odds of having a family history of BC than those whose age of menarche is more than 13 years. Eleven percent of patients diagnosed with OC received no intervention. All other patients underwent treatment options including hysterectomy (69.5%), radiotherapy (39%) and chemotherapy (95%). The profiles of the patients showed that those who had a family history of OC were more likely to provide blood samples (OR = 3.87, P = 0.025), and similarly for those with a history of breast cancer (OR = 2.83, P = 0.022) in comparison to those who were not willing to provide blood for testing of biomarker. The distribution of CA125 for OC patients and control group showed that CA125 values were significantly higher (P = 0.034) in the case patients compared with the control group. The decrease in CA125 levels indicated the positive response to treatment, whereas increase in CA125 values showed resistant and disease progression. 52% of the patients with OC were correctly diagnosed as having OC (based on the optimal cut-point of CA125), while 83% of those without OC were also correctly diagnosed (with 48% of OC patients and 17% of non-OC patients incorrectly diagnosed). We concluded that there is significant association between family history of breast cancer and OC history and use of CA125 as a biomarker is not an ideal diagnostic and monitoring test as it has low sensitivity and high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mansha
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Arooba Gill
- Division of Science and Technology, Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Peter C Thomson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Dhar C, Sasmal A, Varki A. From "Serum Sickness" to "Xenosialitis": Past, Present, and Future Significance of the Non-human Sialic Acid Neu5Gc. Front Immunol 2019; 10:807. [PMID: 31057542 PMCID: PMC6481270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The description of "serum sickness" more than a century ago in humans transfused with animal sera eventually led to identification of a class of human antibodies directed against glycans terminating in the common mammalian sialic acid N-Glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), hereafter called "Neu5Gc-glycans." The detection of such glycans in malignant and fetal human tissues initially raised the possibility that it was an oncofetal antigen. However, "serum sickness" antibodies were also noted in various human disease states. These findings spurred further research on Neu5Gc, and the discovery that it is not synthesized in the human body due to a human-lineage specific genetic mutation in the enzyme CMAH. However, with more sensitive techniques Neu5Gc-glycans were detected in smaller quantities on certain human cell types, particularly epithelia and endothelia. The likely explanation is metabolic incorporation of Neu5Gc from dietary sources, especially red meat of mammalian origin. This incorporated Neu5Gc on glycans appears to be the first example of a "xeno-autoantigen," against which varying levels of "xeno-autoantibodies" are present in all humans. The resulting chronic inflammation or "xenosialitis" may have important implications in human health and disease, especially in conditions known to be aggravated by consumption of red meat. In this review, we will cover the early history of the discovery of "serum sickness" antibodies, the subsequent recognition that they were partly directed against Neu5Gc-glycans, the discovery of the genetic defect eliminating Neu5Gc production in humans, and the later recognition that this was not an oncofetal antigen but the first example of a "xeno-autoantigen." Further, we will present comments about implications for disease risks associated with red meat consumption such as cancer and atherosclerosis. We will also mention the potential utility of these anti-Neu5Gc-glycan antibodies in cancer immunotherapy and provide some suggestions and perspectives for the future. Other reviews in this special issue cover many other aspects of this unusual pathological process, for which there appears to be no other described precedent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Dhar
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ajit Varki
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Jafari M, Hasanzadeh M, Solhi E, Hassanpour S, Shadjou N, Mokhtarzadeh A, Jouyban A, Mahboob S. Ultrasensitive bioassay of epitope of Mucin-16 protein (CA 125) in human plasma samples using a novel immunoassay based on silver conductive nano-ink: A new platform in early stage diagnosis of ovarian cancer and efficient management. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:1255-1265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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