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Huq M, Wahid SUH, Istivan T. Biofilm Formation in Campylobacter concisus: The Role of the luxS Gene. Microorganisms 2023; 12:46. [PMID: 38257873 PMCID: PMC10820981 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is a bacterium that inhabits human oral cavities and is an emerging intestinal tract pathogen known to be a biofilm producer and one of the bacterial species found in dental plaque. In this study, biofilms of oral and intestinal C. concisus isolates were phenotypically characterized. The role of the luxS gene, which is linked to the regulation of biofilm formation in other pathogens, was assessed in relation to the pathogenic potential of this bacterium. Biofilm formation capacity was assessed using phenotypic assays. Oral strains were shown to be the highest producers. A luxS mutant was created by inserting a kanamycin cassette within the luxS gene of the highest biofilm-forming isolate. The loss of the polar flagellum was observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Furthermore, the luxS mutant exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in biofilm formation, motility, and its expression of flaB, in addition to the capability to invade intestinal epithelial cells, compared to the parental strain. The study concluded that C. concisus oral isolates are significantly higher biofilm producers than the intestinal isolates and that LuxS plays a role in biofilm formation, invasion, and motility in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsina Huq
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Taghrid Istivan
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
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2
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Raksakmanut R, Thanyasrisung P, Sritangsirikul S, Kitsahawong K, Seminario A, Pitiphat W, Matangkasombut O. Prediction of Future Caries in 1-Year-Old Children via the Salivary Microbiome. J Dent Res 2023; 102:626-635. [PMID: 36919874 PMCID: PMC10399075 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231152802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in children that causes negative effects on their health, development, and well-being. Early preventive interventions are key to reduce early childhood caries prevalence. An efficient strategy is to provide risk-based targeted prevention; however, this requires an accurate caries risk predictor, which is still lacking for infants before caries onset. We aimed to develop a caries prediction model based on the salivary microbiome of caries-free 1-y-old children. Using a nested case-control design within a prospective cohort study, we selected 30 children based on their caries status at 1-y follow-up (at 2 y old): 10 children who remained caries-free, 10 who developed noncavitated caries, and 10 who developed cavitated caries. Saliva samples collected at baseline before caries onset were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results of β diversity analysis showed a significant difference in salivary microbiome composition between children who remained caries-free and those who developed cavitated caries at 2 y old (analysis of similarities, Benjamini-Hochberg corrected, P = 0.042). The relative abundance of Prevotella nanceiensis, Leptotrichia sp. HMT 215, Prevotella melaninogenica, and Campylobacter concisus in children who remained caries-free was significantly higher than in children who developed cavitated caries (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.024, 0.040, 0.049, and 0.049, respectively). These taxa were also identified as biomarkers for children who remained caries-free (linear discriminant analysis effect size, linear discriminant analysis score = 3.69, 3.74, 3.53, and 3.46). A machine learning model based on these 4 species distinguished between 1-y-old children who did and did not develop cavitated caries at 2 y old, with an accuracy of 80%, sensitivity of 80%, and specificity of 80% (area under the curve, 0.8; 95% CI, 44.4 to 97.5). Our findings suggest that these salivary microbial biomarkers could assist in predicting future caries in caries-free 1-y-old children and, upon validation, are promising for development into an adjunctive tool for caries risk prediction for prevention and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Raksakmanut
- Graduate Program in Oral Biology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Wang-Mai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P. Thanyasrisung
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Wang-Mai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - S. Sritangsirikul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Wang-Mai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- PhD Program in Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - K. Kitsahawong
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - A.L. Seminario
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - W. Pitiphat
- Division of Dental Public Health, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Muang District, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - O. Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Wang-Mai, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
- Research Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Laksi, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Ma L, Feng J, Zhang J, Lu X. Campylobacter biofilms. Microbiol Res 2022; 264:127149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kitamoto S, Kamada N. Periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation: Microbiological and immunological mechanisms. Periodontol 2000 2022; 89:142-153. [PMID: 35244953 PMCID: PMC9018512 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humans have coevolved with the trillions of resident microbes that populate every nook and cranny of the body. At each site, the resident microbiota creates a unique ecosystem specialized to its environment, benefiting the development and maintenance of human physiology through harmonious symbiotic relationships with the host. However, when the resident microbiota is perturbed, significant complications may arise with disastrous consequences that affect the local and distant ecosystems. In this context, periodontal disease results in inflammation beyond the oral cavity, such as in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence indicates that potentially harmful oral resident bacteria (referred to as pathobionts) and pathogenic immune cells in the oral mucosa can migrate to the lower gastrointestinal tract and contribute to intestinal inflammation. We will review the most recent advances concerning the periodontal connection with intestinal inflammation from microbiological and immunological perspectives. Potential therapeutic approaches that target the connection between the mouth and the gut to treat gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, will be examined. Deciphering the complex interplay between microbes and immunity along the mouth-gut axis will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of both oral and gut pathologies and present therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Internal MedicineUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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Farfán M, Lártiga N, Benavides MB, Alegría-Morán R, Sáenz L, Salcedo C, Lapierre L. Capacity to adhere to and invade human epithelial cells, as related to the presence of virulence genes in, motility of, and biofilm formation of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from chicken and cattle. Can J Microbiol 2018; 65:126-134. [PMID: 30339767 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen transmitted through the "farm to fork" route. Outbreaks are generally associated with the consumption of chicken meat; however, dairy cows, birds, wild and domestic food animals, and pets are other important sources. Currently, there are not enough data comparing the virulence of strains isolated from these reservoirs. In this study, we compared C. jejuni strains isolated from broiler chickens and dairy cattle by determining their ability to adhere to and invade in vitro human colonic epithelial cells in the T84 cell line with their motility, formation of biofilms, and presence of eight virulence genes. A Wilcoxon Rank Sum test was performed to establish the relationship between presence of the studied genes and cellular invasion and adhesion, as well as differences between the animal species of origin of the isolate. A Spearman correlation was performed to assess the relationship between invasion and motility, along with invasion and biofilm generation. The virB11 gene was positively associated with the adherence capacity of the strains (mean difference = 0.21, p = 0.006), and strains isolated from chickens showed a significant difference for adherence compared with strains isolated from cattle (p = 0.0001). Our results indicate that strains of C. jejuni have a difference in their adherence capacity depending on the animal reservoir from which they came, with chicken isolates displaying higher virulence than dairy cattle isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Farfán
- a Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Antonio Varas 360, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Lártiga
- a Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Antonio Varas 360, Providencia, Santiago, Chile.,b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Belén Benavides
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Alegría-Morán
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Sáenz
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristal Salcedo
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lisette Lapierre
- b Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Chile, Santa Rosa 11735, La Pintana, Santiago, Chile
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Ovesen S, Durack J, Kirk KF, Nielsen HL, Nielsen H, Lynch SV. Motility and biofilm formation of the emerging gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter concisus differs under microaerophilic and anaerobic environments. Gut Microbes 2018; 10:34-44. [PMID: 30252590 PMCID: PMC6363072 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1472201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus has been isolated from patients with gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as healthy subjects. While strain differences may plausibly explain virulence differentials, an alternative hypothesis posits that the pathogenic potential of this species may depend on altered ecosystem conditions in the inflamed gut. One potential difference is oxygen availability, which is frequently increased under conditions of inflammation and is known to regulate bacterial virulence. Hence, we hypothesized that oxygen influences C. concisus physiology. We therefore characterized the effect of microaerophilic or anaerobic environments on C. concisus motility and biofilm formation, two important determinants of host colonization and dissemination. C. concisus isolates (n = 46) sourced from saliva, gut mucosal biopsies and feces of patients with IBD (n = 23), gastroenteritis (n = 8) and healthy subjects (n = 13), were used for this study. Capacity to form biofilms was determined using crystal violet assay, while assessment of dispersion through soft agar permitted motility to be assessed. No association existed between GI disease and either motility or biofilm forming capacity. Oral isolates exhibited significantly greater capacity for biofilm formation compared to fecal isolates (p<0.03), and showed a strong negative correlation between motility and biofilm formation (r = -0.7; p = 0.01). Motility significantly increased when strains were cultured under microaerophilic compared to anaerobic conditions (p<0.001). Increased biofilm formation under microaerophillic conditions was also observed for a subset of isolates. Hence, differences in oxygen availability appear to influence key physiological aspects of the opportunistic gastrointestinal pathogen C. concisus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ovesen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Juliana Durack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karina Frahm Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,CONTACT: Susan Lynch, ., Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Liu F, Ma R, Wang Y, Zhang L. The Clinical Importance of Campylobacter concisus and Other Human Hosted Campylobacter Species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:243. [PMID: 30087857 PMCID: PMC6066527 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, Campylobacteriosis has been considered to be zoonotic; the Campylobacter species that cause human acute intestinal disease such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli originate from animals. Over the past decade, studies on human hosted Campylobacter species strongly suggest that Campylobacter concisus plays a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). C. concisus primarily colonizes the human oral cavity and some strains can be translocated to the intestinal tract. Genome analysis of C. concisus strains isolated from saliva samples has identified a bacterial marker that is associated with active Crohn's disease (one major form of IBD). In addition to C. concisus, humans are also colonized by a number of other Campylobacter species, most of which are in the oral cavity. Here we review the most recent advancements on C. concisus and other human hosted Campylobacter species including their clinical relevance, transmission, virulence factors, disease associated genes, interactions with the human immune system and pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rena Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiming Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Comparative genomics of Campylobacter concisus: Analysis of clinical strains reveals genome diversity and pathogenic potential. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:116. [PMID: 29946138 PMCID: PMC6018663 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of Campylobacter species have been associated with human gastrointestinal (GI) diseases including gastroenteritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. Campylobacter concisus, an oral commensal historically linked to gingivitis and periodontitis, has been increasingly detected in the lower GI tract. In the present study, we generated robust genome sequence data from C. concisus strains and undertook a comprehensive pangenome assessment to identify C. concisus virulence properties and to explain potential adaptations acquired while residing in specific ecological niche(s) of the GI tract. Genomes of 53 new C. concisus strains were sequenced, assembled, and annotated including 36 strains from gastroenteritis patients, 13 strains from Crohn’s disease patients and four strains from colitis patients (three collagenous colitis and one lymphocytic colitis). When compared with previous published sequences, strains clustered into two main groups/genomospecies (GS) with phylogenetic clustering explained neither by disease phenotype nor sample location. Paired oral/faecal isolates, from the same patient, indicated that there are few genetic differences between oral and gut isolates which suggests that gut isolates most likely reflect oral strain relocation. Type IV and VI secretion systems genes, genes known to be important for pathogenicity in the Campylobacter genus, were present in the genomes assemblies, with 82% containing Type VI secretion system genes. Our findings indicate that C. concisus strains are genetically diverse, and the variability in bacterial secretion system content may play an important role in their virulence potential.
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Ovesen S, Kirk KF, Nielsen HL, Nielsen H. Motility of Campylobacter concisus isolated from saliva, feces, and gut mucosal biopsies. APMIS 2017; 125:230-235. [PMID: 28116789 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen associated with gastrointestinal disorders such as gastroenteritis and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), but the species is also found in healthy subjects. The heterogeneous genome of C. concisus increases the likelihood of varying virulence between strains. Flagella motility is a crucial virulence factor for the well-recognized Campylobacter jejuni; therefore, this study aimed to analyze the motility of C. concisus isolated from saliva, gut biopsies, and feces of patients with IBD, gastroenteritis, and healthy subjects. The motility zones of 63 isolates from 52 patients were measured after microaerobic growth in soft-agar plates for 72 hours. The motility of C. concisus was significantly lower than that of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. The motility of C. concisus varied between isolates (4-22 mm), but there was no statistical significant difference between isolates from IBD patients and healthy subjects (p = 0.14). A tendency of a larger motility zones was observed for IBD gut mucosa isolates, although it did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.13), and no difference was found between oral or fecal isolates between groups. In conclusion, the varying motility of C. concisus could not be related to disease outcome or colonization sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ovesen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karina Frahm Kirk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Rokhsefat S, Lin A, Comelli EM. Mucin-Microbiota Interaction During Postnatal Maturation of the Intestinal Ecosystem: Clinical Implications. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1473-86. [PMID: 26792279 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mucus layer and gut microbiota interplay contributes to host homeostasis. The mucus layer serves as a scaffold and a carbon source for gut microorganisms; conversely, gut microorganisms, including mucin degraders, influence mucin gene expression, glycosylation, and secretion. Conjointly they shield the epithelium from luminal pathogens, antigens, and toxins. Importantly, the mucus layer and gut microbiota are established in parallel during early postnatal life. During this period, the development of gut microbiota and mucus layer is coupled with that of the immune system. Developmental changes of different mucin types can impact the age-dependent patterns of intestinal infection in terms of incidence and severity. Altered mucus layer, dysbiotic microbiota, and abnormal mucus-gut microbiota interaction have the potential for inducing systemic effects, and accompany several intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and radiation-induced mucositis. Early life provides a pivotal window of opportunity to favorably modulate the mucus-microbiota interaction. The support of a health-compatible mucin-microbiota maturation in early life is paramount for long-term health and serves as an important opportunity for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Rokhsefat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building Room 308a, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada
| | - Aifeng Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building Room 308a, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, FitzGerald Building Room 308a, 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada.
- Centre for Child Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
The gut microbiota is a central player in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases. As such, there is intense scientific interest in elucidating the specific group/s of bacteria responsible for driving barrier damage and perpetuating the chronic inflammation that results in disease. Because of their ability to colonize close to the surface of the host intestinal epithelium, mucosa-associated bacteria are considered key players in the initiation and development of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The leading bacterial candidates include adherent and invasive Escherichia coli, Helicobacter, Fusobacteria, Mycobacteria, and Campylobacter species. Of these, a member of the Campylobacter genus, Campylobacter concisus, has recently emerged as a putative player in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Current research indicates that this bacterium possesses extraordinarily diverse pathogenic capacities as well as unique genetic and functional signatures that are defined by their ability to adhere to and invade host cells, secrete toxins, and the presence of a virulence-associated restriction-modification system. These characteristics enable the potential classification of C. concisus into distinct pathotypes, which we have named adherent and invasive C. concisus and adherent and toxinogenic C. concisus. In this review, we evaluate evidence for the role of emerging Campylobacter species in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases.
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zur Bruegge J, Hanisch C, Einspanier R, Alter T, Gölz G, Sharbati S. Arcobacter butzleri induces a pro-inflammatory response in THP-1 derived macrophages and has limited ability for intracellular survival. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:1209-17. [PMID: 25245281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent case reports have identified Arcobacter (A.) butzleri to be another emerging pathogen of the family Campylobacteraceae causing foodborne diseases. However, little is known about its interaction with the human immune system. As macrophages act as first defense against bacterial infections, we studied for the first time the impact of A. butzleri on human macrophages using THP-1 derived macrophages as an in vitro infection model. Our investigations considered the inflammatory response, intracellular survival and activation of caspases as potential virulence mechanisms employed by A. butzleri. Induction of IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12ß and TNFα demonstrated a pro-inflammatory response of infected macrophages towards A. butzleri. gentamycin protection assays revealed the ability of A. butzleri strains to survive and resist the hostile environment of phagocytic immune cells for up to 22 h. Moreover, initial activation of intitiator- (CASP8) as well as effector caspases (CASP3/7) was observed without the onset of DNA damage, suggesting a potential counter regulation. Intriguingly, we recognized distinct strain specific differences in invasion and survival capabilities. This suggests the existence of isolate dependent phenotype variations and different virulence potentials as known for other intestinal pathogens such as Salmonella enterica ssp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer zur Bruegge
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Carlos Hanisch
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Greta Gölz
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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