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de Carvalho BT, Subotić A, Vandecruys P, Deleu S, Vermeire S, Thevelein JM. Enhancing probiotic impact: engineering Saccharomyces boulardii for optimal acetic acid production and gastric passage tolerance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0032524. [PMID: 38752748 PMCID: PMC11218656 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00325-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii has been a subject of growing interest due to its potential as a probiotic microorganism with applications in gastrointestinal health, but the molecular cause for its probiotic potency has remained elusive. The recent discovery that S. boulardii contains unique mutations causing high acetic acid accumulation and inhibition of bacterial growth provides a possible clue. The natural S. boulardii isolates Sb.P and Sb.A are homozygous for the recessive mutation whi2S270* and accumulate unusually high amounts of acetic acid, which strongly inhibit bacterial growth. However, the homozygous whi2S270* mutation also leads to acetic acid sensitivity and acid sensitivity in general. In the present study, we have constructed a new S. boulardii strain, derived from the widely therapeutically used CMCN I-745 strain (isolated from the pharmaceutical product Enterol), producing even higher levels of acetic acid while keeping the same tolerance toward low pH as the parent Enterol (ENT) strain. This newly engineered strain, named ENT3, has a homozygous deletion of ACH1 and strong overexpression of ALD4. It is also able to accumulate much higher acetic acid concentrations when growing on low glucose levels, in contrast to the ENT wild-type and Sb.P strains. Moreover, we show the antimicrobial capacity of ENT3 against gut pathogens in vitro and observed that higher acetic acid production might correlate with better persistence in the gut in healthy mice. These findings underscore the possible role of the unique acetic acid production and its potential for improvement of the probiotic action of S. boulardii.IMPORTANCESuperior variants of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii produce high levels of acetic acid, which inhibit the growth of bacterial pathogens. However, these strains also show increased acid sensitivity, which can compromise the viability of the cells during their passage through the stomach. In this work, we have developed by genetic engineering a variant of Saccharomyces boulardii that produces even higher levels of acetic acid and does not show enhanced acid sensitivity. We also show that the S. boulardii yeasts with higher acetic acid production persist longer in the gut, in agreement with a previous work indicating competition between probiotic yeast and bacteria for residence in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Subotić
- NovelYeast bv, Bio-Incubator BIO4, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Paul Vandecruys
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Sara Deleu
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan M. Thevelein
- NovelYeast bv, Bio-Incubator BIO4, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
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2
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Latif AS, Saparbekova AA, Akhmedova ZR, Kaldybekova G, Daugaliyeva ST. Probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Az-12 isolated from pomegranate juice presented inhibitory effects against pathogenic bacteria. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e271997. [PMID: 37585928 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.271997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential probiotic yeast was isolated from the Kyzyl Anor pomegranate variety growing in the Turkestan region (Kazakhstan). The yeast strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae Az-12. Molecular genetic identification was carried out using the Sanger sequencing method. The degree of homology of the S. cerevisiae Az-12 strain with the strain MH608341.1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate extr03 was 99.65%. Antagonistic effect of the yeast against pathogenic bacteria was confirmed according inhibition zones for Staphylococcus aureus 13.5 ± 0.05 mm; the inhibition zones for Escherichia coli 12.8 ± 0.05 mm; and 10.7 ± 0.05 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Scanning microscopy of S. cerevisiae Az-12 and S. aureus confirmed the adhesive ability of the yeast cell surface to S. aureus. S. cerevisiae Az-12 were chosen as the most promising, as they are able to quickly ferment juices. Functional drinks containing pomegranate juice and yeast with a probiotic effect can be considered as a useful synbiotic product formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Latif
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Department of Biotechnology, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - A A Saparbekova
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Department of Biotechnology, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Z R Akhmedova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - G Kaldybekova
- M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Department of Biotechnology, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - S T Daugaliyeva
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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3
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Collins JH, Kunyeit L, Weintraub S, Sharma N, White C, Haq N, Anu-Appaiah KA, Rao RP, Young EM. Genetic basis for probiotic yeast phenotypes revealed by nanopore sequencing. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad093. [PMID: 37103477 PMCID: PMC10411601 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic yeasts are emerging as preventative and therapeutic solutions for disease. Often ingested via cultured foods and beverages, they can survive the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and adhere to it, where they provide nutrients and inhibit pathogens like Candida albicans. Yet, little is known of the genomic determinants of these beneficial traits. To this end, we have sequenced 2 food-derived probiotic yeast isolates that mitigate fungal infections. We find that the first strain, KTP, is a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae within a small clade that lacks any apparent ancestry from common European/wine S. cerevisiae strains. Significantly, we show that S. cerevisiae KTP genes involved in general stress, pH tolerance, and adherence are markedly different from S. cerevisiae S288C but are similar to the commercial probiotic yeast species S. boulardii. This suggests that even though S. cerevisiae KTP and S. boulardii are from different clades, they may achieve probiotic effect through similar genetic mechanisms. We find that the second strain, ApC, is a strain of Issatchenkia occidentalis, one of the few of this family of yeasts to be sequenced. Because of the dissimilarity of its genome structure and gene organization, we infer that I. occidentalis ApC likely achieves a probiotic effect through a different mechanism than the Saccharomyces strains. Therefore, this work establishes a strong genetic link among probiotic Saccharomycetes, advances the genomics of Issatchenkia yeasts, and indicates that probiotic activity is not monophyletic and complimentary mixtures of probiotics could enhance health benefits beyond a single species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Collins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Lohith Kunyeit
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Sarah Weintraub
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Nilesh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Charlotte White
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Nabeeha Haq
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - K A Anu-Appaiah
- Department of Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, CSIR—Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, Karnataka 570020, India
| | - Reeta P Rao
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
| | - Eric M Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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Chang CC, Hall V, Cooper C, Grigoriadis G, Beardsley J, Sorrell TC, Heath CH. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis and rare yeast infections in the haematology/oncology setting, 2021. Intern Med J 2021; 51 Suppl 7:118-142. [PMID: 34937137 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcosis caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii complex is an important opportunistic infection in people with immunodeficiency, including in the haematology/oncology setting. This may manifest clinically as cryptococcal meningitis or pulmonary cryptococcosis, or be detected incidentally by cryptococcal antigenemia, a positive sputum culture or radiological imaging. Non-Candida, non-Cryptococcus spp. rare yeast fungaemia are increasingly common in this population. These consensus guidelines aim to provide clinicians working in the Australian and New Zealand haematology/oncology setting with clear guiding principles and practical recommendations for the management of cryptococcosis, while also highlighting important and emerging rare yeast infections and their recommended management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina C Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Therapeutic and Vaccine Research Programme, Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| | - Victoria Hall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Transplant Infectious Diseases and Multi-Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celia Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - George Grigoriadis
- Monash Haematology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tania C Sorrell
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Infectious Diseases and Sexual Health, Western Sydney Local Health District, Parramatta, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher H Heath
- Department of Microbiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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Iacovacci J, Peluso A, Ebbels T, Ralser M, Glen RC. Extraction and Integration of Genetic Networks from Short-Profile Omic Data Sets. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10110435. [PMID: 33137869 PMCID: PMC7693762 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry technologies are widely used in the fields of ionomics and metabolomics to simultaneously profile the intracellular concentrations of, e.g., amino acids or elements in genome-wide mutant libraries. These molecular or sub-molecular features are generally non-Gaussian and their covariance reveals patterns of correlations that reflect the system nature of the cell biochemistry and biology. Here, we introduce two similarity measures, the Mahalanobis cosine and the hybrid Mahalanobis cosine, that enforce information from the empirical covariance matrix of omics data from high-throughput screening and that can be used to quantify similarities between the profiled features of different mutants. We evaluate the performance of these similarity measures in the task of inferring and integrating genetic networks from short-profile ionomics/metabolomics data through an analysis of experimental data sets related to the ionome and the metabolome of the model organism S. cerevisiae. The study of the resulting ionome–metabolome Saccharomyces cerevisiae multilayer genetic network, which encodes multiple omic-specific levels of correlations between genes, shows that the proposed measures can provide an alternative description of relations between biological processes when compared to the commonly used Pearson’s correlation coefficient and have the potential to guide the construction of novel hypotheses on the function of uncharacterised genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Iacovacci
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.P.); (T.E.)
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (R.C.G.)
| | - Alina Peluso
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.P.); (T.E.)
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
| | - Timothy Ebbels
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.P.); (T.E.)
| | - Markus Ralser
- The Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK;
- Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert C. Glen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (A.P.); (T.E.)
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB21EW, UK
- Correspondence: (J.I.); (R.C.G.)
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Saccharomyces boulardii: What Makes It Tick as Successful Probiotic? J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020078. [PMID: 32512834 PMCID: PMC7344949 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast often used for the treatment of GI tract disorders such as diarrhea symptoms. It is genetically close to the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its classification as a distinct species or a S. cerevisiae variant has long been discussed. Here, we review the main genetic divergencies between S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae as a strategy to uncover the ability to adapt to the host physiological conditions by the probiotic. S. boulardii does possess discernible phenotypic traits and physiological properties that underlie its success as probiotic, such as optimal growth temperature, resistance to the gastric environment and viability at low pH. Its probiotic activity has been elucidated as a conjunction of multiple pathways, ranging from improvement of gut barrier function, pathogen competitive exclusion, production of antimicrobial peptides, immune modulation, and trophic effects. This review summarizes the participation of S. boulardii in these mechanisms and the multifactorial nature by which this yeast modulates the host microbiome and intestinal function.
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7
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Unique genetic basis of the distinct antibiotic potency of high acetic acid production in the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii. Genome Res 2020; 29:1478-1494. [PMID: 31467028 PMCID: PMC6724677 DOI: 10.1101/gr.243147.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces boulardii has been used worldwide as a popular, commercial probiotic, but the basis of its probiotic action remains obscure. It is considered conspecific with budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is generally used in classical food applications. They have an almost identical genome sequence, making the genetic basis of probiotic potency in S. boulardii puzzling. We now show that S. boulardii produces at 37°C unusually high levels of acetic acid, which is strongly inhibitory to bacterial growth in agar-well diffusion assays and could be vital for its unique application as a probiotic among yeasts. Using pooled-segregant whole-genome sequence analysis with S. boulardii and S. cerevisiae parent strains, we succeeded in mapping the underlying QTLs and identified mutant alleles of SDH1 and WHI2 as the causative alleles. Both genes contain a SNP unique to S. boulardii (sdh1F317Y and whi2S287*) and are fully responsible for its high acetic acid production. S. boulardii strains show different levels of acetic acid production, depending on the copy number of the whi2S287* allele. Our results offer the first molecular explanation as to why S. boulardii could exert probiotic action as opposed to S. cerevisiae. They reveal for the first time the molecular-genetic basis of a probiotic action-related trait in S. boulardii and show that antibacterial potency of a probiotic microorganism can be due to strain-specific mutations within the same species. We suggest that acquisition of antibacterial activity through medium acidification offered a selective advantage to S. boulardii in its ecological niche and for its application as a probiotic.
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8
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A Mutation in PGM2 Causing Inefficient Galactose Metabolism in the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29523547 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02858-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii has been extensively studied for the prevention and treatment of diarrheal diseases, and it is now commercially available in some countries. S. boulardii displays notable phenotypic characteristics, such as a high optimal growth temperature, high tolerance against acidic conditions, and the inability to form ascospores, which differentiate S. boulardii from Saccharomyces cerevisiae The majority of prior studies stated that S. boulardii exhibits sluggish or halted galactose utilization. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying inefficient galactose uptake have yet to be elucidated. When the galactose utilization of a widely used S. boulardii strain, ATCC MYA-796, was examined under various culture conditions, the S. boulardii strain could consume galactose, but at a much lower rate than that of S. cerevisiae While all GAL genes were present in the S. boulardii genome, according to analysis of genomic sequencing data in a previous study, a point mutation (G1278A) in PGM2, which codes for phosphoglucomutase, was identified in the genome of the S. boulardii strain. As the point mutation resulted in the truncation of the Pgm2 protein, which is known to play a pivotal role in galactose utilization, we hypothesized that the truncated Pgm2 might be associated with inefficient galactose metabolism. Indeed, complementation of S. cerevisiaePGM2 in S. boulardii restored galactose utilization. After reverting the point mutation to a full-length PGM2 in S. boulardii by Cas9-based genome editing, the growth rates of wild-type (with a truncated PGM2 gene) and mutant (with a full-length PGM2) strains with glucose or galactose as the carbon source were examined. As expected, the mutant (with a full-length PGM2) was able to ferment galactose faster than the wild-type strain. Interestingly, the mutant showed a lower growth rate than that of the wild-type strain on glucose at 37°C. Also, the wild-type strain was enriched in the mixed culture of wild-type and mutant strains on glucose at 37°C, suggesting that the truncated PGM2 might offer better growth on glucose at a higher temperature in return for inefficient galactose utilization. Our results suggest that the point mutation in PGM2 might be involved in multiple phenotypes with different effects.IMPORTANCESaccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic yeast strain capable of preventing and treating diarrheal diseases. However, the genetics and metabolism of this yeast are largely unexplored. In particular, molecular mechanisms underlying the inefficient galactose metabolism of S. boulardii remain unknown. Our study reports that a point mutation in PGM2, which codes for phosphoglucomutase, is responsible for inferior galactose utilization by S. boulardii After correction of the mutated PGM2 via genome editing, the resulting strain was able to use galactose faster than a parental strain. While the PGM2 mutation made the yeast use galactose slowly, investigation of the genomic sequencing data of other S. boulardii strains revealed that the PGM2 mutation is evolutionarily conserved. Interestingly, the PGM2 mutation was beneficial for growth at a higher temperature on glucose. We speculate that the PGM2 mutation was enriched due to selection of S. boulardii in the natural habitat (sugar-rich fruits in tropical areas).
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Khatri I, Tomar R, Ganesan K, Prasad GS, Subramanian S. Complete genome sequence and comparative genomics of the probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii. Sci Rep 2017; 7:371. [PMID: 28336969 PMCID: PMC5428479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The probiotic yeast, Saccharomyces boulardii (Sb) is known to be effective against many gastrointestinal disorders and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. To understand molecular basis of probiotic-properties ascribed to Sb we determined the complete genomes of two strains of Sb i.e. Biocodex and unique28 and the draft genomes for three other Sb strains that are marketed as probiotics in India. We compared these genomes with 145 strains of S. cerevisiae (Sc) to understand genome-level similarities and differences between these yeasts. A distinctive feature of Sb from other Sc is absence of Ty elements Ty1, Ty3, Ty4 and associated LTR. However, we could identify complete Ty2 and Ty5 elements in Sb. The genes for hexose transporters HXT11 and HXT9, and asparagine-utilization are absent in all Sb strains. We find differences in repeat periods and copy numbers of repeats in flocculin genes that are likely related to the differential adhesion of Sb as compared to Sc. Core-proteome based taxonomy places Sb strains along with wine strains of Sc. We find the introgression of five genes from Z. bailii into the chromosome IV of Sb and wine strains of Sc. Intriguingly, genes involved in conferring known probiotic properties to Sb are conserved in most Sc strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Khatri
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajul Tomar
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - K Ganesan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - G S Prasad
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Hudson LE, McDermott CD, Stewart TP, Hudson WH, Rios D, Fasken MB, Corbett AH, Lamb TJ. Characterization of the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii in the Healthy Mucosal Immune System. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153351. [PMID: 27064405 PMCID: PMC4827847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii has been shown to ameliorate disease severity in the context of many infectious and inflammatory conditions. However, use of S. boulardii as a prophylactic agent or therapeutic delivery vector would require delivery of S. boulardii to a healthy, uninflamed intestine. In contrast to inflamed mucosal tissue, the diverse microbiota, intact epithelial barrier, and fewer inflammatory immune cells within the healthy intestine may all limit the degree to which S. boulardii contacts and influences the host mucosal immune system. Understanding the nature of these interactions is crucial for application of S. boulardii as a prophylactic agent or therapeutic delivery vehicle. In this study, we explore both intrinsic and immunomodulatory properties of S. boulardii in the healthy mucosal immune system. Genomic sequencing and morphological analysis of S. boulardii reveals changes in cell wall components compared to non-probiotic S. cerevisiae that may partially account for probiotic functions of S. boulardii. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry demonstrate limited S. boulardii association with murine Peyer’s patches. We also show that although S. boulardii induces a systemic humoral immune response, this response is small in magnitude and not directed against S. boulardii itself. RNA-seq of the draining mesenteric lymph nodes indicates that even repeated administration of S. boulardii induces few transcriptional changes in the healthy intestine. Together these data strongly suggest that interaction between S. boulardii and the mucosal immune system in the healthy intestine is limited, with important implications for future work examining S. boulardii as a prophylactic agent and therapeutic delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Courtney D. McDermott
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Taryn P. Stewart
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - William H. Hudson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Daniel Rios
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Milo B. Fasken
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Anita H. Corbett
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tracey J. Lamb
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tabanelli G, Verardo V, Pasini F, Cavina P, Lanciotti R, Caboni M, Gardini F, Montanari C. Survival of the functional yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus B0399 in fermented milk with added sorbic acid. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:120-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Romanin DE, Llopis S, Genovés S, Martorell P, Ramón VD, Garrote GL, Rumbo M. Probiotic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties in in vivo models. Benef Microbes 2015; 7:83-93. [PMID: 26565081 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex affections with increasing incidence worldwide. Multiple factors are involved in the development and maintenance of the symptoms including enhanced oxidative stress in intestinal mucosa. The conventional therapeutic approaches for IBDs are based on the use anti-inflammatory drugs with important collateral effects and partial efficacy. In the present work we tested the anti-inflammatory capacity of Kluyveromyces marxianus CIDCA 8154 in different models. In vitro, we showed that the pretreatment of epithelial cells with the yeast reduce the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, in a murine model of trinitro benzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis, yeast-treated animals showed a reduced histopathological score (P<0.05) and lower levels of circulating interleukin 6 (P<0.05). The capacity to modulate oxidative stress in vivo was assessed using a Caenorhabditis elegans model. The yeast was able to protect the nematodes from oxidative stress by modulating the SKN-1 transcription factor trough the DAF-2 pathway. These results indicate that K. marxianus CIDCA 8154 could control the intestinal inflammation and cellular oxidative stress. Deciphering the mechanisms of action of different probiotics might be useful for the rational formulation of polymicrobial products containing microorganisms targeting different anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Romanin
- 1 Instituto de Estudios en Inmunología y Fisiopatología (IIFP, UNLP-CONICET), Calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Llopis
- 2 Laboratorio Biología Celular. Departamento Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Biópolis, S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - S Genovés
- 2 Laboratorio Biología Celular. Departamento Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Biópolis, S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - P Martorell
- 2 Laboratorio Biología Celular. Departamento Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Biópolis, S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - V D Ramón
- 2 Laboratorio Biología Celular. Departamento Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Biópolis, S.L. Parc Científic Universitat de València, C/ Catedrático Agustín Escardino 9, edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - G L Garrote
- 3 Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA, UNLP-CONICET), Calle 47 y 116, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Rumbo
- 1 Instituto de Estudios en Inmunología y Fisiopatología (IIFP, UNLP-CONICET), Calle 47 y 115, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
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13
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Palma ML, Zamith-Miranda D, Martins FS, Bozza FA, Nimrichter L, Montero-Lomeli M, Marques ETA, Douradinha B. Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as biotherapeutic tools: is there room for improvement? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6563-70. [PMID: 26142388 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The probiotic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var boulardii is widely used as a low cost and efficient adjuvant against gastrointestinal tract disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and treatment of several types of diarrhea, both in humans and animals. S. boulardii exerts its protective mechanisms by binding and neutralizing enteric pathogens or their toxins, by reducing inflammation and by inducing the secretion of sIgA. Although several S. cerevisiae strains have proven probiotic potential in both humans and animals, only S. boulardii is currently licensed for use in humans. Recently, some researchers started using S. boulardii as heterologous protein expression systems. Combined with their probiotic activity, the use of these strains as prophylactic and therapeutic proteins carriers might result in a positive combined effort to fight specific diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the current use of S. cerevisiae strains as probiotics and their mechanisms of action. We also discuss their potential to produce molecules with biotherapeutic application and the advantages and hurdles of this approach. Finally, we suggest future directions and alternatives for which the combined effort of specific immunomodulatory effects of probiotic S. cerevisiae strains and ability to express desired foreign genes would find a practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Palma
- Laboratório de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiências, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Popiel KY, Wong P, Lee MJ, Langelier M, Sheppard DC, Vinh DC. Invasive Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a liver transplant patient: case report and review of infection in transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2015; 17:435-41. [PMID: 25827213 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an ascosporogenous yeast commonly used in the production of food, is an emerging infection in immunocompromised patients. We report the case of a 60-year-old man whose orthotopic liver transplant was complicated by S. cerevisiae fungemia and peritoneal abscess, successfully treated with caspofungin and drainage. We also review the literature of invasive saccharomycoses in recipients of hematologic and solid organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Popiel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - P Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M J Lee
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Langelier
- Division of Infectious Diseases (Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D C Sheppard
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D C Vinh
- Division of Infectious Diseases (Infectious Disease Susceptibility Program), McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Draft Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii Strain ATCC MYA-796. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/6/e01345-14. [PMID: 25523784 PMCID: PMC4271174 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01345-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii is the only yeast approved as a probiotic for human consumption. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the strain ATCC MYA-796, derived from the French Ultra Levure probiotic drug. The genome has a size of 11.6 Mb with 5,305 putative open reading frames predicted.
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16
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Capuano F, Mülleder M, Kok R, Blom HJ, Ralser M. Cytosine DNA methylation is found in Drosophila melanogaster but absent in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and other yeast species. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3697-702. [PMID: 24640988 PMCID: PMC4006885 DOI: 10.1021/ac500447w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
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The methylation of cytosine to 5-methylcytosine
(5-meC) is an important
epigenetic DNA modification in many bacteria, plants, and mammals,
but its relevance for important model organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila
melanogaster, is still equivocal. By reporting the
presence of 5-meC in a broad variety of wild, laboratory, and industrial
yeasts, a recent study also challenged the dogma about the absence
of DNA methylation in yeast species. We would like to bring to attention
that the protocol used for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry involved
hydrolysis of the DNA preparations. As this process separates cytosine
and 5-meC from the sugar phosphate backbone, this method is unable
to distinguish DNA- from RNA-derived 5-meC. We employed an alternative
LC–MS/MS protocol where by targeting 5-methyldeoxycytidine
moieties after enzymatic digestion, only 5-meC specifically derived
from DNA is quantified. This technique unambiguously identified cytosine
DNA methylation in Arabidopsis thaliana (14.0% of cytosines methylated), Mus musculus (7.6%), and Escherichia coli (2.3%).
Despite achieving a detection limit at 250 attomoles (corresponding
to <0.00002 methylated cytosines per nonmethylated cytosine), we
could not confirm any cytosine DNA methylation in laboratory and industrial
strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces boulardii, Saccharomyces
paradoxus, or Pichia pastoris. The protocol however unequivocally confirmed DNA methylation in
adult Drosophila melanogaster at a
value (0.034%) that is up to 2 orders of magnitude below the detection
limit of bisulphite sequencing. Thus, 5-meC is a rare DNA modification
in drosophila but absent in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Capuano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge , 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, U.K
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