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General Remarks. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3400-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Stucky A, Sedghizadeh PP, Mahabady S, Chen X, Zhang C, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhong JF. Single-cell genomic analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73208-73218. [PMID: 29069864 PMCID: PMC5641207 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) incidence or rates have increased dramatically recently with little improvement in patient outcomes. There is an unmet need in HNSCC to develop reliable molecular markers capable of evaluating patient risks and advising treatments. This review focuses on recent developments in single-cell molecular analysis of cancer, and its applications for HNSCC diagnosis and treatments. For proof of concept, we examined gene expression levels of 62 patients with HNSCC, and correlate the gene expression profiles to single-cell gene expression profiles obtained from a pilot single-cell study of CCR5-positive breast carcinoma cells. The single-cell molecular analyses complemented the lysate data and reveals heterogeneity of oncogenesis pathways with the cancer cell population. Our single-cell molecular analysis indicated that molecular heterogeneity exists in HNSCC and should be addressed in treatment strategy of HNSCC. Single-cell molecular technology can have significant impact on diagnosis, therapeutic decision making, and prognosis of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Stucky
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Parish P Sedghizadeh
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Mahabady
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences and Dental Hygiene, and Division of Biomedical Sciences, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kreppel M, Nazarli P, Grandoch A, Safi AF, Zirk M, Nickenig HJ, Scheer M, Rothamel D, Hellmich M, Zöller JE. Clinical and histopathological staging in oral squamous cell carcinoma - Comparison of the prognostic significance. Oral Oncol 2016; 60:68-73. [PMID: 27531875 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In oral cancer the prognostic significance of clinical staging (cTNM) is regarded inferior to histopathologic staging (pTNM) after surgery. This is mainly due to the point that the quality of the cTNM strongly depends on the clinical and radiological examination techniques applied and the physician's experience. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic quality of cTNM and pTNM in a single center cohort. METHODS This retrospective study included 392 patients with treatment-naive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). All patients received primary surgery including a neck dissection. According to tumor stage and histopathologic risk factors patients received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) or radiochemotherapy (RCT). Prognostic factors were identified in univariate analysis by using the log rank test and in multivariate analysis through Cox regression. RESULTS Clinical and histopathologic staging showed concordance in 62% for the primary tumor and 59% for cN- and pN-classification. In 58% of the cases of discordance the primary tumor was overstaged. In case of discordance of metastatic spread to the cervical lymph nodes, lymph node involvement showed overstaging in 78%. In univariate analysis cT-, cN-, cT- and pT-classification had a significant impact (p<0.05) on overall survival (OS). In multivariate analysis only pT- and pN-classification had a significant impact on OS. CONCLUSION Despite advances and modern radiologic techniques, pTNM has a higher prognostic quality than cTNM. Discordance between clinical and histopathologic staging was observed in up to 40%. When discordance was observed overstaging for clinical T-stage and clinical N-stage was more likely than understaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kreppel
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany.
| | - Parvin Nazarli
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Grandoch
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Ali-Farid Safi
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Zirk
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Nickenig
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Rothamel
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Department for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim E Zöller
- Department for Oral and Cranio-Maxillo and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Cologne, Germany; Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Germany
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Shakeel MK, Daniel MJ, Srinivasan SV, Koliyan R, Kumar JV. Comparative analysis of detecting cervical lymph node metastasis with fine needle aspiration cytology. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6:S7-9. [PMID: 26604624 PMCID: PMC4630768 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.166050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We correlated the results of cervical lymph node (LN) status by T-tumor size, N-nodal metastasis, M-distant metastasis (TNM) staging, and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in oral cancer patients to assess the discrepancy index (DI) between nodal metastasis (N) and FNAC results of cervicofacial LNs. Materials and Methods: A total of 63 patients (29 females and 34 males) aged from 30 to 85 years were included in our study. Cervical LN status through TNM staging and FNAC results were matched and DI was calculated. Results: DI in case of nodal status was 64.10% and 43.47% for TNMN1 and N2, respectively, indicating that tendency for observation of positive result on FNAC increased from N1 to N2. Conclusion: Hence, we suggest that relying solely on clinical examination and routine diagnostic tests like FNAC may not be appropriate and additional diagnostic imaging modalities should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Kamran Shakeel
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Mariappan Jonathan Daniel
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Ramadoss Koliyan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Jimsha Vannathan Kumar
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Karino M, Nakatani E, Hideshima K, Nariai Y, Tsunematsu K, Ohira K, Kanno T, Asahina I, Kagimura T, Sekine J. Applicability of preoperative nuclear morphometry to evaluating risk for cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116452. [PMID: 25549090 PMCID: PMC4280216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported the utility of preoperative nuclear morphometry for evaluating risk for cervical lymph node metastases in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. The risk for lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma, however, is known to differ depending on the anatomical site of the primary tumor, such as the tongue, gingiva, mouth floor, and buccal mucosa. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of this morphometric technique to evaluating the risk for cervical lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS A digital image system was used to measure the mean nuclear area, mean nuclear perimeter, nuclear circular rate, ratio of nuclear length to width (aspect ratio), and nuclear area coefficient of variation (NACV). Relationships between these parameters and nodal status were evaluated by t-test and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Eighty-eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma (52 of the tongue, 25 of the gingiva, 4 of the buccal mucosa, and 7 of the mouth floor) were included: 46 with positive node classification and 42 with negative node classification. Nuclear area and perimeter were significantly larger in node-positive cases than in node-negative cases; however, there were no significant differences in circular rate, aspect ratio, or NACV. We derived two risk models based on the results of multivariate analysis: Model 1, which identified age and mean nuclear area and Model 2, which identified age and mean nuclear perimeter. It should be noted that primary tumor site was not associated the pN-positive status. There were no significant differences in pathological nodal status by aspect ratio, NACV, or primary tumor site. CONCLUSION Our method of preoperative nuclear morphometry may contribute valuable information to evaluations of the risk for lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Karino
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Eiji Nakatani
- Translational Research Informatics Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hideshima
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nariai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Kohji Tsunematsu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Ohira
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kanno
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Joji Sekine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Ljøkjel B, Lybak S, Haave H, Olofsson J, Vintermyr OK, Aarstad HJ. The impact of HPV infection on survival in a geographically defined cohort of oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients in whom surgical treatment has been one main treatment. Acta Otolaryngol 2014; 134:636-45. [PMID: 24828351 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2014.886336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSIONS We determined that 55% of the patients with oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) had human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive tumors. We demonstrated that HPV-positive patients had better 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) than the HPV-negative counterparts. This was also primarily true for cancers originating in the tonsil or base of the tongue with T3 and/or N2 tumors. OBJECTIVE Urogenital high risk (hr) HPV is an important risk factor, and probably causative agent, for OPSCC. The study investigated these factors. METHODS We identified 232 patients with OPSCC, of which 186 lesions were from the tonsil or base of the tongue region, treated in the period 1992-2008 in Western Norway. Five-year DSS was recorded for all patients. RESULTS In all, 124 of 226 patients had HPV-positive tumors. All except five HPV-positive patients had HPV-16-positive tumors; 69% of the patients with tonsil or base of the tongue SCC had HPV-positive tumors, whereas 14% of remaining OPSCC patients had HPV-positive tumors. Five-year DSS with HPV-positive tumor was 77% compared with 53% with an HPV-negative tumor (p < 0.001), also valid with adjustment for age, gender, and TNM stage, but primarily determined with patients with the specific tumor sites tonsils and base of the tongue with TNM stages T3 or N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borghild Ljøkjel
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen
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