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Kangarani-Farahani M, Malik MA, Zwicker JG. Motor Impairments in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1977-1997. [PMID: 36949273 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
This article comprehensively reviews motor impairments in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to: (1) determine the prevalence of motor problems in children with ASD; (2) understand the nature of motor difficulties in ASD and whether they are consistent with developmental coordination disorder (DCD); and (3) determine if the term DCD was used as a co-occurring diagnosis in children with ASD after publication of the DSM-5 in 2013. The following databases were systematically searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from 2010 to December 2021. Articles were included if they: (1) were peer-reviewed and published in a scientific journal; (2) included children with ASD who were between 5 and 12 years; (3) used motor or function measures to assess motor abilities in children with ASD. Studies that included children with intellectual disabilities were excluded. Two independent reviewers reviewed titles, abstracts, and full-text articles for inclusion. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed for quality by two independent reviewers using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. The majority of articles (92.5%) indicated that 50-88% of children with ASD had significant motor impairments on standardized motor assessments and/or functional questionnaires. The nature of motor and function problems in ASD were consistent with DCD; however, only three out of 20 papers (15%) that were published from 2014 described the motor problems as DCD. One study reported that 15.1% of children with ASD with motor impairments had a co-occurring diagnosis of DCD, suggesting that DCD is under-recognized in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melika Kangarani-Farahani
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, K3-180 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Myrah Anum Malik
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, K3-180 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Jill G Zwicker
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, K3-180 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, V6H 3V4, Canada.
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- CanChild Centre for Childhood Disability Research, Hamilton, Canada.
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Krasner AJ, Turner JB, Feldman JF, Silberman AE, Fisher PW, Workman CC, Posner JE, Greenhill LL, Lorenz JM, Shaffer D, Whitaker AH. ADHD Symptoms in a Non-Referred Low Birthweight/Preterm Cohort: Longitudinal Profiles, Outcomes, and Associated Features. J Atten Disord 2018; 22:827-838. [PMID: 26700791 PMCID: PMC4919227 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715617532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study's objective is to differentiate possible ADHD syndromes on the basis of symptom trajectories, prognosis, and associated clinical features in a high-risk cohort. METHOD Latent class analysis of inattentive (IA) and hyperactive-impulsive (HI) symptoms in 387 non-disabled members of a regional low birthweight/preterm birth cohort who were evaluated for ADHD at 6, 9, and 16 years. Adolescent functional outcomes and other clinical features were examined across the classes. RESULTS Three latent classes were identified: unaffected (modest IA and HI symptom prevalences at six, remitting by nine), school age limited (relatively high IA and HI symptom prevalences at six and nine, declining by 16), and persistent inattentive (high IA and HI prevalences at six and nine, with high IA levels persisting to 16). The persistent inattentive class was distinctively associated with poor functioning, motor problems, other psychiatric disorders, and social difficulties as indexed by a positive screen for autism spectrum disorder at 16. CONCLUSION These findings differentiate a potential persistent inattentive syndrome relevant to ADHD evaluation and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Krasner
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J. Blake Turner
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Prudence W. Fisher
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jonathan E. Posner
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurence L. Greenhill
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Shaffer
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Agnes H. Whitaker
- Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Goulardins JB, Rigoli D, Loh PR, Kane R, Licari M, Hands B, Oliveira JA, Piek J. The Relationship Between Motor Skills, Social Problems, and ADHD Symptomatology: Does It Vary According to Parent and Teacher Report? J Atten Disord 2018; 22:796-805. [PMID: 25862650 DOI: 10.1177/1087054715580394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between motor performance; attentional, hyperactive, and impulsive symptoms; and social problems. Correlations between parents' versus teachers' ratings of social problems and ADHD symptomatology were also examined. METHOD A total of 129 children aged 9 to 12 years were included. ADHD symptoms and social problems were identified based on Conners' Rating Scales-Revised: L, and the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development was used to assess motor skills. RESULTS After controlling for ADHD symptomatology, motor skills remained a significant predictor of social problems in the teacher model but not in the parent model. After controlling for motor skills, inattentive (not hyperactive-impulsive) symptoms were a significant predictor of social problems in the parent model, whereas hyperactive-impulsive (not inattentive) symptoms were a significant predictor of social problems in the teacher model. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that intervention strategies should consider the interaction between symptoms and environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Kane
- 2 Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Beth Hands
- 5 University of Notre Dame, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Jan Piek
- 2 Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
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Taylor MJ, Gustafsson P, Larsson H, Gillberg C, Lundström S, Lichstenstein P. Examining the Association Between Autistic Traits and Atypical Sensory Reactivity: A Twin Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:96-102. [PMID: 29413155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atypical responses to sensory stimuli are common features of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Consequently, atypical sensory reactivity (SR) is now a diagnostic feature of ASD. Quantitative genetic research on ASD has overlooked these symptoms, however. We therefore investigated the association between autistic traits and SR using twin methods. METHOD Autistic traits and SR were assessed by 2 separate scales in 12,419 Swedish twin pairs (n = 3,586 monozygotic [MZ], n = 8,833 dizygotic [DZ]) when the twins were 9 or 12 years of age. The classic twin design estimated the degree to which etiological factors associated with autistic traits were also associated with SR, and the degree to which such shared factors explained the covariance between these phenotypes. DeFries-Fulker analysis estimated the genetic correlation between screening diagnoses of ASD, defined broadly and strictly, and SR. RESULTS Autistic traits and SR were both highly heritable (62%-75% and 66%-71%, respectively). There was a moderate phenotypic correlation between autistic traits and SR (r = 0.47). Genetic influences on these phenotypes correlated moderately (genetic correlation = 0.60). These overlapping genetic factors explained most of the correlation between autistic traits and SR. Genetic correlations with SR increased for broad ASD (genetic correlation = 0.72) and strict ASD (genetic correlation = 0.80). CONCLUSION The genetic overlap observed between autistic traits and SR lends quantitative genetic support to the notion that ASD and SR are strongly linked. Such symptoms may thus comprise part of the ASD genotype, as well as phenotype. Associations persisted across all definitions of ASD, indicating a genetic link between the broader ASD phenotype and SR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrik Larsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | | | - Sebastian Lundström
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sweden Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
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Crane L, Sumner E, Hill EL. Emotional and behavioural problems in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Exploring parent and teacher reports. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 70:67-74. [PMID: 28915470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although characterised by motor impairments, children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) also show high rates of psychopathology (anxiety, depression, low self-esteem). Such findings have led to calls for the screening of mental health problems in this group. AIMS To investigate patterns and profiles of emotional and behavioural problems in children with and without DCD, using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). METHODS AND PROCEDURES Teachers and parents completed SDQs for 30 children with DCD (7-10 years). Teacher ratings on the SDQ were also obtained from two typically-developing (TD) groups: 35 children matched for chronological age, and 29 younger children (4-7 years) matched by motor ability. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Group and individual analyses compared parent and teacher SDQ scores for children with DCD. Teacher reports showed that children with DCD displayed higher rates of emotional and behavioural problems (overall, and on each subscale of the SDQ) relative to their TD peers. No differences were observed between the two TD groups. Inspection of individual data points highlighted variability in the SDQ scores of the DCD group (across both teacher and parent ratings), with suggestions of elevated hyperactivity but comparably lower levels of conduct problems across this sample. Modest agreement was found between teacher and parent ratings of children with DCD on the SDQ. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS There is a need to monitor levels of emotional and behavioural problems in children with DCD, from multiple informants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Crane
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Sumner
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, United Kingdom.
| | - Elisabeth L Hill
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, United Kingdom
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Debrabant J, Plasschaert E, Caeyenberghs K, Vingerhoets G, Legius E, Janssens S, Van Waelvelde H. Deficient motor timing in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2014; 35:3131-3138. [PMID: 25145806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common single-gene disorders affecting fine and visual-motor skills. This case-control study investigated motor timing as a possible related performance deficit in children with NF1. A visual-motor reaction time (VRT) test was administered in 20 NF1 children (mean age 9 years 7 months) and 20 age- and gender-matched typically developing (TD) children. Copying and tracing performance were evaluated using the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery VMI). Children with NF1 responded with an increased reaction time (RT) to temporally predictive stimuli compared to TD children, whereas RT at unpredictive stimuli did not differ between groups. Motor timing indexed by the RT decrease at predictive stimuli significantly associated with the Beery VMI copy and tracing outcomes. Deficient motor timing as an actual symptom may add to further research on the pathogenesis of NF1-associated motor impairment and the development of more effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Debrabant
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ghent University Hospital, 2B3, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ellen Plasschaert
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, & Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ghent University Hospital, 2B3, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Vingerhoets
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Legius
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, & Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Janssens
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hilde Van Waelvelde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Campus Heymans, Ghent University Hospital, 2B3, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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