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Coutinho LDL, Junior TCT, Rangel MC. Sulforaphane: An emergent anti-cancer stem cell agent. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1089115. [PMID: 36776295 PMCID: PMC9909961 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1089115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health concern worldwide responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Alternative therapies have been extensively investigated, and plant-derived compounds have caught the attention of the scientific community due to their chemopreventive and anticancer effects. Sulforaphane (SFN) is one of these naturally occurring agents, and studies have shown that it is able to target a specific cancer cell population displaying stem-like properties, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells can self-renewal and differentiate to form highly heterogeneous tumor masses. Notably, most of the conventional chemotherapeutic agents cannot target CSCs once they usually exist in a quiescent state and overall, the available cytotoxic drugs focus on highly dividing cells. This is, at least in part, one of the reasons why some oncologic patients relapse after standard therapy. In this review we bring together studies supporting not only the chemopreventive and anticancer properties of SFN, but especially the emerging anti-CSCs effects of this natural product and its potential to be used with conventional antineoplastic drugs in the clinical setting.
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Shoaib S, Ansari MA, Ghazwani M, Hani U, Jamous YF, Alali Z, Wahab S, Ahmad W, Weir SA, Alomary MN, Yusuf N, Islam N. Prospective Epigenetic Actions of Organo-Sulfur Compounds against Cancer: Perspectives and Molecular Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030697. [PMID: 36765652 PMCID: PMC9913804 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major epigenetic alterations, such as chromatin modifications, DNA methylation, and miRNA regulation, have gained greater attention and play significant roles in oncogenesis, representing a new paradigm in our understanding of cancer susceptibility. These epigenetic changes, particularly aberrant promoter hypermethylation, abnormal histone acetylation, and miRNA dysregulation, represent a set of epigenetic patterns that contribute to inappropriate gene silencing at every stage of cancer progression. Notably, the cancer epigenome possesses various HDACs and DNMTs, which participate in the histone modifications and DNA methylation. As a result, there is an unmet need for developing the epigenetic inhibitors against HDACs and DNMTs for cancer therapy. To date, several epigenetically active synthetic inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases have been developed. However, a growing body of research reports that most of these synthetic inhibitors have significant side effects and a narrow window of specificity for cancer cells. Targeting tumor epigenetics with phytocompounds that have the capacity to modulate abnormal DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and miRNAs expression is one of the evolving strategies for cancer prevention. Encouragingly, there are many bioactive phytochemicals, including organo-sulfur compounds that have been shown to alter the expression of key tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, and oncogenic miRNAs through modulation of DNA methylation and histones in cancer. In addition to vitamins and microelements, dietary phytochemicals such as sulforaphane, PEITC, BITC, DADS, and allicin are among a growing list of naturally occurring anticancer agents that have been studied as an alternative strategy for cancer treatment and prevention. Moreover, these bioactive organo-sulfur compounds, either alone or in combination with other standard cancer drugs or phytochemicals, showed promising results against many cancers. Here, we particularly summarize and focus on the impact of specific organo-sulfur compounds on DNA methylation and histone modifications through targeting the expression of different DNMTs and HDACs that are of particular interest in cancer therapy and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Shoaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Azam Ansari
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ghazwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya F. Jamous
- Vaccine and Bioprocessing Center, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahraa Alali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sydney A. Weir
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mohammad N. Alomary
- National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (N.I.)
| | - Nabiha Yusuf
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Najmul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Correspondence: (M.N.A.); (N.I.)
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Dulińska-Litewka J, Felkle D, Dykas K, Handziuk Z, Krzysztofik M, Gąsiorkiewicz B. The role of cyclins in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113742. [PMID: 36179490 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of cyclins in hormone-dependent neoplasms is crucial in the development of the disease that is resistant to first-line therapy, as the example of breast cancer shows. However, in prostate cancer, cyclins are studied to a lesser extent. There are some well-described molecular pathways, including cyclins A1 and D1 signaling, however the role of other cyclins, e.g., D2, D3, E, and H, still requires further investigation. Recent studies indicate that cyclins regulate various cellular processes, not only the cell cycle. Furthermore, they remain in cross-talk with many other signaling pathways, e.g., MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt, and Notch. The androgen signaling axis, which is pivotal in prostate cancer progression, interferes with cyclin pathways at many levels. This article summarizes current knowledge on the influence of cyclins on prostate cancer progression by describing interactions between the androgen receptor and cyclins, as well as mechanisms underlying the development of resistance to currently used therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, Poland.
| | - Dominik Felkle
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, Poland
| | - Kacper Dykas
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Handziuk
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, Poland
| | - Marta Krzysztofik
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, Poland
| | - Bartosz Gąsiorkiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Mikołaja Kopernika Street 7C, Poland
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Vrânceanu M, Galimberti D, Banc R, Dragoş O, Cozma-Petruţ A, Hegheş SC, Voştinaru O, Cuciureanu M, Stroia CM, Miere D, Filip L. The Anticancer Potential of Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals via the Modulation of Gene Expression. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192524. [PMID: 36235389 PMCID: PMC9571524 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Current studies show that approximately one-third of all cancer-related deaths are linked to diet and several cancer forms are preventable with balanced nutrition, due to dietary compounds being able to reverse epigenetic abnormalities. An appropriate diet in cancer patients can lead to changes in gene expression and enhance the efficacy of therapy. It has been demonstrated that nutraceuticals can act as powerful antioxidants at the cellular level as well as anticarcinogenic agents. This review is focused on the best studies on worldwide-available plant-derived nutraceuticals: curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, quercetin, astaxanthin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and lycopene. These compounds have an enhanced effect on epigenetic changes such as histone modification via HDAC (histone deacetylase), HAT (histone acetyltransferase) inhibition, DNMT (DNA methyltransferase) inhibition, and non-coding RNA expression. All of these nutraceuticals are reported to positively modulate the epigenome, reducing cancer incidence. Furthermore, the current review addresses the issue of the low bioavailability of nutraceuticals and how to overcome the drawbacks related to their oral administration. Understanding the mechanisms by which nutraceuticals influence gene expression will allow their incorporation into an “epigenetic diet” that could be further capitalized on in the therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vrânceanu
- Department of Toxicology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Damiano Galimberti
- Italian Association of Anti-Ageing Physicians, Via Monte Cristallo, 1, 20159 Milan, Italy
| | - Roxana Banc
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (O.D.); Tel.: +40-744-367-958 (R.B.); +40-733-040-917 (O.D.)
| | - Ovidiu Dragoş
- Department of Kinetotheraphy and Special Motricity, “1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, 510009 Alba Iulia, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (O.D.); Tel.: +40-744-367-958 (R.B.); +40-733-040-917 (O.D.)
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruţ
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona-Codruţa Hegheş
- Department of Drug Analysis, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oliviu Voştinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 16 Universităţii Street, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Carmina Mariana Stroia
- Department of Pharmacy, Oradea University, 1 Universităţii Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Doina Miere
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorena Filip
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Javaid A, Zahra D, Rashid F, Mashraqi M, Alzamami A, Khurshid M, Ali Ashfaq U. Regulation of micro-RNA, epigenetic factor by natural products for the treatment of cancers: Mechanistic insight and translational Association. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103255. [PMID: 35495735 PMCID: PMC9052154 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
From onset to progression, cancer is a ailment that might take years to grow. All common epithelial malignancies, have a long latency period, frequently 20 years or more, different gene may contain uncountable mutations if they are clinically detectable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are around 22nt non-coding RNAs that control gene expression sequence-specifically through translational inhibition or messenger degradation of RNA (mRNA). Epigenetic processes of miRNA control genetic variants through genomic DNA methylation, post-translation histone modification, rework of the chromatin, and microRNAs. The field of miRNAs has opened a new era in understanding small non-coding RNAs since discovering their fundamental mechanisms of action. MiRNAs have been found in viruses, plants, and animals through molecular cloning and bioinformatics approaches. Phytochemicals can invert the epigenetic aberrations, a leading cause of the cancers of various organs, and act as an inhibitor of these changes. The advantage of phytochemicals is that they only function on cells that cause cancer without affecting normal cells. Phytochemicals appear to play a significant character in modulating miRNA expression, which is linked to variations in oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and cancer-derived protein production, according to several studies. In addition to standard anti-oxidant or anti-inflammatory properties, the initial epigenetic changes associated with cancer prevention may be modulated by many polyphenols. In correlation with miRNA and epigenetic factors to treat cancer some of the phytochemicals, including polyphenols, curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol are studied in this article.
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Sekiguchi K, Koba R, Oka T, Tohya Y. Caliciviruses induce mRNA of tumor necrosis factor α via their protease activity. Virus Res 2021; 306:198595. [PMID: 34637812 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calicivirus infection in patients and animals is associated with the production of multiple inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Here we studied the feline calicivirus (FCV) non-structural proteins and found that the FCV protease was a key factor for TNF-α gene expression in cultured cells. The expression of the TNF-α gene in cells expressing FCV, human norovirus, and rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus protease was compared, revealing that the induction of TNF-α could be a common phenomenon during the infection by the viruses in the Caliciviridae. The level of TNF-α mRNA in the cells expressing mutant proteases that lacked the active site was measured. These data indicate that the protease activity is crucial for TNF-α expression. These findings provide new insight into the induction of inflammation during calicivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryota Koba
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan.
| | - Tomoichiro Oka
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Tohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
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Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194796. [PMID: 34638282 PMCID: PMC8508555 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As of the past decade, phytochemicals have become a major target of interest in cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic research. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a metabolite of the phytochemical glucoraphanin, which is found in high abundance in cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli, watercress, Brussels sprouts, and cabbage. In both distant and recent research, SFN has been shown to have a multitude of anticancer effects, increasing the need for a comprehensive review of the literature. In this review, we critically evaluate SFN as an anticancer agent and its mechanisms of action based on an impressive number of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Abstract There is substantial and promising evidence on the health benefits of consuming broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables. The most important compound in broccoli, glucoraphanin, is metabolized to SFN by the thioglucosidase enzyme myrosinase. SFN is the major mediator of the health benefits that have been recognized for broccoli consumption. SFN represents a phytochemical of high interest as it may be useful in preventing the occurrence and/or mitigating the progression of cancer. Although several prior publications provide an excellent overview of the effect of SFN in cancer, these reports represent narrative reviews that focused mainly on SFN’s source, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action in modulating specific pathways involved in cancer without a comprehensive review of SFN’s role or value for prevention of various human malignancies. This review evaluates the most recent state of knowledge concerning SFN’s efficacy in preventing or reversing a variety of neoplasms. In this work, we have analyzed published reports based on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies to determine SFN’s potential as a chemopreventive agent. Furthermore, we have discussed the current limitations and challenges associated with SFN research and suggested future research directions before broccoli-derived products, especially SFN, can be used for human cancer prevention and intervention.
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Qu X, Neuhoff C, Cinar MU, Pröll M, Tholen E, Tesfaye D, Hölker M, Schellander K, Uddin MJ. Epigenetic Modulation of TLR4 Expression by Sulforaphane Increases Anti-Inflammatory Capacity in Porcine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060490. [PMID: 34072812 PMCID: PMC8227201 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Epigenetic modifications of the genes regulate the inflammation process that includes the DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Sulforaphane is well known for its immunomodulatory properties. Notably, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory functions involving epigenetic modifications is unclear. This study highlighted the regulatory mechanism of sulforaphane in the innate immunity responses in an acute inflammatory state employ in vivo cell culture model. Porcine monocyte-derived dendritic cells were exposed to LPS with or without sulforaphane pre-treatment for these purposes. Epigenetics modulations of the important genes and regulatory factors were studies as well as the immune responses of the cells were vigorously studied over the period of time. This study deciphers the mechanism of SFN in restricting the excessive inflammatory reactions, thereby, exerting its protective and anti-inflammatory function though epigenetic mechanism. Abstract Inflammation is regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone acetylation. Sulforaphane (SFN), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, is also a potent immunomodulatory agent, but its anti-inflammatory functions through epigenetic modifications remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the epigenetic effects of SFN in maintaining the immunomodulatory homeostasis of innate immunity during acute inflammation. For this purpose, SFN-induced epigenetic changes and expression levels of immune-related genes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) were analyzed. These results demonstrated that SFN inhibited HDAC activity and caused histone H3 and H4 acetylation. SFN treatment also induced DNA demethylation in the promoter region of the MHC-SLA1 gene, resulting in the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), MHC-SLA1, and inflammatory cytokines’ expression at 6 h of LPS stimulation. Moreover, the protein levels of cytokines in the cell culture supernatants were significantly inhibited by SFN pre-treatment followed by LPS stimulation in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that inhibition of HDAC activity and DNA methylation by SFN may restrict the excessive inflammatory cytokine availability in the extracellular environment. We postulate that SFN may exert a protective and anti-inflammatory function by epigenetically influencing signaling pathways in experimental conditions employing porcine moDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Qu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
- Correspondence: (X.Q.); (C.N.)
| | - Christiane Neuhoff
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
- Correspondence: (X.Q.); (C.N.)
| | - Mehmet Ulas Cinar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Maren Pröll
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Michael Hölker
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.P.); (E.T.); (D.T.); (M.H.); (K.S.); (M.J.U.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
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Saleh HA, Yousef MH, Abdelnaser A. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Phytochemicals and Their Effects on Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in TLR4/NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:606069. [PMID: 33868227 PMCID: PMC8044831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune response induces positive inflammatory transducers and regulators in order to attack pathogens, while simultaneously negative signaling regulators are transcribed to maintain innate immune homeostasis and to avoid persistent inflammatory immune responses. The gene expression of many of these regulators is controlled by different epigenetic modifications. The remarkable impact of epigenetic changes in inducing or suppressing inflammatory signaling is being increasingly recognized. Several studies have highlighted the interplay of histone modification, DNA methylation, and post-transcriptional miRNA-mediated modifications in inflammatory diseases, and inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis. Targeting these epigenetic alterations affords the opportunity of attenuating different inflammatory dysregulations. In this regard, many studies have identified the significant anti-inflammatory properties of distinct naturally-derived phytochemicals, and revealed their regulatory capacity. In the current review, we demonstrate the signaling cascade during the immune response and the epigenetic modifications that take place during inflammation. Moreover, we also provide an updated overview of phytochemicals that target these mechanisms in macrophages and other experimental models, and go on to illustrate the effects of these phytochemicals in regulating epigenetic mechanisms and attenuating aberrant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy A. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Yousef
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Public Health, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Dietary isothiocyanates inhibit cancer progression by modulation of epigenome. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 83:353-376. [PMID: 33434642 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle, growth, survival and metabolism are tightly regulated together and failure in cellular regulation leads to carcinogenesis. Several signaling pathways like the PI3K, WNT, MAPK and NFKb pathway exhibit aberrations in cancer and help achieve hallmark capabilities. Clinical research and in vitro studies have highlighted the role of epigenetic alterations in cancer onset and development. Altered gene expression patterns enabled by changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and RNA processing have proven roles in cancer hallmark acquisition. The reversible nature of epigenetic processes offers robust therapeutic targets. Dietary bioactive compounds offer a vast compendium of effective therapeutic moieties. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) sourced from cruciferous vegetables demonstrate anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-migratory and anti-angiogenic effect against several cancers. ITCs also modulate the redox environment, modulate signaling pathways including PI3K, MAPK, WNT, and NFkB. They also modulate the epigenetic machinery by regulating the expression and activity of DNA methyltransferases, histone modifiers and miRNA. This further enhances their transcriptional modulation of key cellular regulators. In this review, we comprehensively assess the impact of ITCs such as sulforaphane, phenethyl isothiocyanate, benzyl isothiocyanate and allyl isothiocyanate on cancer and document their effect on various molecular targets. Overall, this will facilitate consolidation of the current understanding of the anti-cancer and epigenetic modulatory potential of these compounds and recognize the gaps in literature. Further, we discuss avenues of future research to develop these compounds as potential therapeutic entities.
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Qian Y, Wang JW, Fang Y, Yuan XD, Fan YC, Gao S, Wang K. Measurement of Cyclin D2 (CCND2) Gene Promoter Methylation in Plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Alpha-Fetoprotein Levels in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e927444. [PMID: 33320844 PMCID: PMC7749526 DOI: 10.12659/msm.927444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is widely used to screen for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the use of this biomarker has been challenged due to its low sensitivity and high rate of false negatives. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic capability of cyclin D2 (CCND2) promoter methylation in patients with HCC related to hepatitis B virus (HBV). Material/Methods Using methylation-specific PCR and quantitative real-time PCR, we measured methylation status and mRNA levels of CCND2 in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 275 subjects: 75 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 47 with liver cirrhosis (LC), 118 with HCC, and 35 healthy controls (HCs). Results The methylation rate of the CCND2 promoter was significantly higher in HCC patients than in patients without HCC (P<0.001). Furthermore, advanced HCC (TNM III/IV) was associated with a significantly higher frequency of CCND2 methylation and lower CCND2 mRNA levels than early-stage disease (TNM I/II; P<0.05). Combined measurement of CCND2 methylation and AFP yielded significantly higher sensitivity and area under the curve (AUC) than AFP alone in distinguishing patients with HCC from subjects with LC and CHB (P<0.001). Conclusions CCND2 methylation may be useful for predicting HCC progression. In addition, combined measurement of CCND2 methylation and AFP could serve as a non-invasive diagnostic marker for patients with HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao-Dong Yuan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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12
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Anticancer natural medicines: An overview of cell signaling and other targets of anticancer phytochemicals. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Miles FL, Mashchak A, Filippov V, Orlich MJ, Duerksen-Hughes P, Chen X, Wang C, Siegmund K, Fraser GE. DNA Methylation Profiles of Vegans and Non-Vegetarians in the Adventist Health Study-2 Cohort. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3697. [PMID: 33266012 PMCID: PMC7761449 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine if DNA methylation patterns differed between vegans and non-vegetarians in the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort. Genome-wide DNA methylation derived from buffy coat was profiled in 62 vegans and 142 non-vegetarians. Using linear regression, methylation of CpG sites and genes was categorized or summarized according to various genic/intergenic regions and CpG island-related regions, as well as the promoter. Methylation of genes was measured as the average methylation of available CpG's annotated to the nominated region of the respective gene. A permutation method defining the null distribution adapted from Storey et al. was used to adjust for false discovery. Differences in methylation of several CpG sites and genes were detected at a false discovery rate < 0.05 in region-specific and overall analyses. A vegan diet was associated predominantly with hypomethylation of genes, most notably methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1). Although a limited number of differentially methylated features were detected in the current study, the false discovery method revealed that a much larger proportion of differentially methylated genes and sites exist, and could be detected with a larger sample size. Our findings suggest modest differences in DNA methylation in vegans and non-vegetarians, with a much greater number of detectable significant differences expected with a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayth L. Miles
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Valery Filippov
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Michael J. Orlich
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Penelope Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Kimberly Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Gary E. Fraser
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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14
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Hudlikar R, Wang L, Wu R, Li S, Peter R, Shannar A, Chou PJ, Liu X, Liu Z, Kuo HCD, Kong AN. Epigenetics/Epigenomics and Prevention of Early Stages of Cancer by Isothiocyanates. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 14:151-164. [PMID: 33055265 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease and cancer development takes 10-50 years involving epigenetics. Evidence suggests that approximately 80% of human cancers are linked to environmental factors impinging upon genetics/epigenetics. Because advanced metastasized cancers are resistant to radiotherapy/chemotherapeutic drugs, cancer prevention by relatively nontoxic chemopreventive "epigenetic modifiers" involving epigenetics/epigenomics is logical. Isothiocyanates are relatively nontoxic at low nutritional and even higher pharmacologic doses, with good oral bioavailability, potent antioxidative stress/antiinflammatory activities, possess epigenetic-modifying properties, great anticancer efficacy in many in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models. This review summarizes the latest advances on the role of epigenetics/epigenomics by isothiocyanates in prevention of skin, colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. The exact molecular mechanism how isothiocyanates modify the epigenetic/epigenomic machinery is unclear. We postulate "redox" processes would play important roles. In addition, isothiocyanates sulforaphane and phenethyl isothiocyanate, possess multifaceted molecular mechanisms would be considered as "general" cancer preventive agents not unlike chemotherapeutic agents like platinum-based or taxane-based drugs. Analogous to chemotherapeutic agents, the isothiocyanates would need to be used in combination with other nontoxic chemopreventive phytochemicals or drugs such as NSAIDs, 5-α-reductase/aromatase inhibitors targeting different signaling pathways would be logical for the prevention of progression of tumors to late advanced metastatic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Hudlikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Lujing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Shanyi Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Rebecca Peter
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ahmad Shannar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Pochung Jordan Chou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hsiao-Chen Dina Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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15
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Epigenetic Regulation of NRF2/KEAP1 by Phytochemicals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090865. [PMID: 32938017 PMCID: PMC7555619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has provided a new dimension to our understanding of nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (human NRF2/KEAP1 and murine Nrf2/Keap1) signaling. Unlike the genetic changes affecting DNA sequence, the reversible nature of epigenetic alterations provides an attractive avenue for cancer interception. Thus, targeting epigenetic mechanisms in the corresponding signaling networks represents an enticing strategy for therapeutic intervention with dietary phytochemicals acting at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. This regulation involves the interplay of histone modifications and DNA methylation states in the human NFE2L2/KEAP1 and murine Nfe2l2/Keap1 genes, acetylation of lysine residues in NRF2 and Nrf2, interaction with bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) acetyl “reader” proteins, and non-coding RNAs such as microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). Phytochemicals documented to modulate NRF2 signaling act by reversing hypermethylated states in the CpG islands of NFE2L2 or Nfe2l2, via the inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), through the induction of ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, or by inducing miRNA to target the 3′-UTR of the corresponding mRNA transcripts. To date, fewer than twenty phytochemicals have been reported as NRF2 epigenetic modifiers, including curcumin, sulforaphane, resveratrol, reserpine, and ursolic acid. This opens avenues for exploring additional dietary phytochemicals that regulate the human epigenome, and the potential for novel strategies to target NRF2 signaling with a view to beneficial interception of cancer and other chronic diseases.
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16
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Parachini-Winter C, Bracha S, Ramsey SA, Yang L, Ho E, Leeper HJ, Curran KM. Prospective evaluation of the lymph node proteome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma supplemented with sulforaphane. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:2036-2047. [PMID: 32926463 PMCID: PMC7517837 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymphoma (LSA) is a common malignancy in dogs. Epigenetic changes are linked to LSA pathogenesis and poor prognosis in humans, and LSA pathogenesis in dogs. Sulforaphane (SFN), an epigenetic‐targeting compound, has recently gained interest in relation to cancer prevention and therapy. Objective Examine the impact of oral supplementation with SFN on the lymph node proteome of dogs with multicentric LSA. Animals Seven client‐owned dogs with multicentric LSA. Methods Prospective, nonrandomized, noncontrolled study in treatment‐naïve dogs with intermediate or large cell multicentric LSA. Lymph node cell aspirates were obtained before and after 7 days of oral supplementation with SFN, and analyzed via label‐free mass spectrometry, immunoblots, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Results There was no clinical response and no adverse events attributed to SFN. For individual dogs, the expression of up to 650 proteins changed by at least 2‐fold (range, 2‐100) after supplementation with SFN. When all dogs where analyzed together, 14 proteins were significantly downregulated, and 10 proteins were significantly upregulated after supplementation with SFN (P < .05). Proteins and gene sets impacted by SFN were commonly involved in immunity, response to oxidative stress, gene transcription, apoptosis, protein transport, maturation and ubiquitination. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Sulforaphane is associated with major changes in the proteome of neoplastic lymphocytes in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Parachini-Winter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute and College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Haley J Leeper
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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17
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Esteve M. Mechanisms Underlying Biological Effects of Cruciferous Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates/Indoles: A Focus on Metabolic Syndrome. Front Nutr 2020; 7:111. [PMID: 32984393 PMCID: PMC7492599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An inverse correlation between vegetable consumption and the incidence of cancer has long been described. This protective effect is stronger when cruciferous vegetables are specifically consumed. The beneficial properties of vegetables are attributed to their bioactive components like fiber, antioxidants vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Cruciferous vegetables contain all these molecules; however, what makes them different are their sulfurous components, called glucosinolates, responsible for their special smell and taste. Glucosinolates are inactive biologically in the organism but are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase released as a result of chewing, leading to the formation of active derivatives such as isothiocyanates and indoles. A considerable number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that isothiocyanates and indoles elicit chemopreventive potency through multiple mechanisms that include modulation of phases I and II detoxification pathway enzymes, regulation of cell cycle arrest, and control of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenic effects, and epigenetic regulation. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are key and central regulators in all these processes with a main role in oxidative stress and inflammation control. It has been described that isothiocyanates and indoles regulate their activity directly and indirectly. Today, the metabolic syndrome (central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension) is responsible for a majority of deaths worldwide. All components of metabolic syndrome are characterized by chronic inflammation with deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, Nrf2, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The effects of GLSs derivatives controlling these pathways have been widely described in relation to cancer. Changes in food consumption patterns observed in the last decades to higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, with elevation in simple sugar and saturated fat contents and lower consumption of vegetables and fruits have been directly correlated with metabolic syndrome prevalence. In this review, it is summarized the knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which cruciferous glucosinolate derivatives (isothiocyanates and indoles) directly and indirectly regulate these pathways. However, the review places a special focus on the knowledge of the effects of glucosinolates derivatives in metabolic syndrome, since this has not been reviewed before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Esteve
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Ghazi T, Arumugam T, Foolchand A, Chuturgoon AA. The Impact of Natural Dietary Compounds and Food-Borne Mycotoxins on DNA Methylation and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E2004. [PMID: 32878338 PMCID: PMC7565866 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression is an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression, and aberrant DNA methylation patterns are considered a hallmark of cancer. The human diet is a source of micronutrients, bioactive molecules, and mycotoxins that have the ability to alter DNA methylation patterns and are thus a contributing factor for both the prevention and onset of cancer. Micronutrients such as betaine, choline, folate, and methionine serve as cofactors or methyl donors for one-carbon metabolism and other DNA methylation reactions. Dietary bioactive compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane reactivate essential tumor suppressor genes by reversing aberrant DNA methylation patterns, and therefore, they have shown potential against various cancers. In contrast, fungi-contaminated agricultural foods are a source of potent mycotoxins that induce carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on dietary micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food-borne mycotoxins that affect DNA methylation patterns and identify their potential in the onset and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (T.G.); (T.A.); (A.F.)
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19
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Evans LW, Stratton MS, Ferguson BS. Dietary natural products as epigenetic modifiers in aging-associated inflammation and disease. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:653-676. [PMID: 31993614 PMCID: PMC7577396 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020Chronic, low-grade inflammation is linked to aging and has been termed "inflammaging". Inflammaging is considered a key contributor to the development of metabolic dysfunction and a broad spectrum of diseases or disorders including declines in brain and heart function. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) coupled with epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have shown the importance of diet in the development of chronic and age-related diseases. Moreover, dietary interventions e.g. caloric restriction can attenuate inflammation to delay and/or prevent these diseases. Common themes in these studies entail the use of phytochemicals (plant-derived compounds) or the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as epigenetic modifiers of DNA and histone proteins. Epigenetic modifications are dynamically regulated and as such, serve as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment or prevention of age-related disease. In this review, we will focus on the role for natural products that include phytochemicals and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as regulators of these epigenetic adaptations. Specifically, we discuss regulators of methylation, acetylation and acylation, in the protection from chronic inflammation driven metabolic dysfunction and deterioration of neurocognitive and cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi W Evans
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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20
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Wilcox A, Murphy M, Tucker D, Laprade D, Roussel B, Chin C, Hallisey V, Kozub N, Brass A, Austriaco N. Sulforaphane alters the acidification of the yeast vacuole. MICROBIAL CELL 2020; 7:129-138. [PMID: 32391394 PMCID: PMC7199281 DOI: 10.15698/mic2020.05.716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a compound [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane] found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that is currently of interest because of its potential as a chemopreventive and a chemotherapeutic drug. Recent studies in a diverse range of cellular and animal models have shown that SFN is involved in multiple intracellular pathways that regulate xenobiotic metabolism, inflammation, cell death, cell cycle progression, and epigenetic regulation. In order to better understand the mechanisms of action behind SFN-induced cell death, we undertook an unbiased genome wide screen with the yeast knockout (YKO) library to identify SFN sensitive (SFNS) mutants. The mutants were enriched with knockouts in genes linked to vacuolar function suggesting a link between this organelle and SFN's mechanism of action in yeast. Our subsequent work revealed that SFN increases the vacuolar pH of yeast cells and that varying the vacuolar pH can alter the sensitivity of yeast cells to the drug. In fact, several mutations that lower the vacuolar pH in yeast actually made the cells resistant to SFN (SFNR). Finally, we show that human lung cancer cells with more acidic compartments are also SFNR suggesting that SFN's mechanism of action identified in yeast may carry over to higher eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wilcox
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - Douglass Tucker
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA.,These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - David Laprade
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Breton Roussel
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Christopher Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 368 Plantation St., ASC 1001, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Victoria Hallisey
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Noah Kozub
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
| | - Abraham Brass
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, 368 Plantation St., ASC 1001, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicanor Austriaco
- Department of Biology, Providence College, 1 Cunningham Square, Providence, RI 02918, USA
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21
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Zhou JW, Wang M, Sun NX, Qing Y, Yin TF, Li C, Wu D. Sulforaphane-induced epigenetic regulation of Nrf2 expression by DNA methyltransferase in human Caco-2 cells. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2639-2647. [PMID: 31452747 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying sulforaphane-mediated epigenetic regulation of nuclear factor-erythroid derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) expression in human colon cancer. Proteins were extracted from normal Caco-2 cells using sulforaphane and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza) combined with trichostatin A (TSA). The mRNA and protein expression levels and activity of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) were determined. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and bisulfite genomic sequencing were also used to measure the methylation levels of CpG sites in the Nrf2 promoter region. Nrf2 expression was measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that sulforaphane did not affect DNMT1 mRNA expression levels. DNMT1 protein expression was inhibited by sulforaphane and 5-Aza co-treatment with TSA. Nrf2 promoter methylation decreased significantly in the sulforaphane group compared with the control group. Nrf2 promoter methylation level in the 5-Aza+TSA group was the lowest among all groups. Nrf2 mRNA levels exhibited significant differences between the sulforaphane-treated and control groups, as well as between the 5-Aza+TSA and control groups, and the sulforaphane-treated and 5-Aza+TSA groups. Nrf2 protein expression was also inhibited by sulforaphane, as well as 5-Aza co-treatment with TSA. The results revealed that sulforaphane may promote demethylation of the Nrf2 promoter region to increase activation of Nrf2, which induces chemoprevention of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Zhou
- Medical School, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China.,Department of General Practice, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Nuan-Xin Sun
- Jiangxi Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of General Practice, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Teng-Fei Yin
- Department of General Practice, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of General Practice, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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22
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Mitsiogianni M, Koutsidis G, Mavroudis N, Trafalis DT, Botaitis S, Franco R, Zoumpourlis V, Amery T, Galanis A, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. The Role of Isothiocyanates as Cancer Chemo-Preventive, Chemo-Therapeutic and Anti-Melanoma Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E106. [PMID: 31003534 PMCID: PMC6523696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown evidence in support of the beneficial effects of phytochemicals in preventing chronic diseases, including cancer. Among such phytochemicals, sulphur-containing compounds (e.g., isothiocyanates (ITCs)) have raised scientific interest by exerting unique chemo-preventive properties against cancer pathogenesis. ITCs are the major biologically active compounds capable of mediating the anticancer effect of cruciferous vegetables. Recently, many studies have shown that a higher intake of cruciferous vegetables is associated with reduced risk of developing various forms of cancers primarily due to a plurality of effects, including (i) metabolic activation and detoxification, (ii) inflammation, (iii) angiogenesis, (iv) metastasis and (v) regulation of the epigenetic machinery. In the context of human malignant melanoma, a number of studies suggest that ITCs can cause cell cycle growth arrest and also induce apoptosis in human malignant melanoma cells. On such basis, ITCs could serve as promising chemo-therapeutic agents that could be used in the clinical setting to potentiate the efficacy of existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Mitsiogianni
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Georgios Koutsidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Nikos Mavroudis
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Dimitrios T Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Sotiris Botaitis
- Second Department of Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Vasilis Zoumpourlis
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.
| | - Tom Amery
- The Watrercress Company / The Wasabi Company, Waddock, Dorchester, Dorset DT2 8QY, UK.
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece.
| | - Mihalis I Panayiotidis
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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23
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Sulforaphane - role in aging and neurodegeneration. GeroScience 2019; 41:655-670. [PMID: 30941620 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last several years, numerous molecules derived from plants and vegetables have been tested for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. One of them is sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous vegetables. SFN activates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses by inducing Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB. It also has an epigenetic effect by inhibiting HDAC and DNA methyltransferases and modifies mitochondrial dynamics. Moreover, SFN preserves proteome homeostasis (proteostasis) by activating the proteasome, which has been shown to lead to increased cellular lifespan and prevent neurodegeneration. In this review, we describe some of the molecular and physical characteristics of SFN, its mechanisms of action, and the effects that SFN treatment induces in order to discuss its relevance as a "miraculous" drug to prevent aging and neurodegeneration.
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24
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Carlos-Reyes Á, López-González JS, Meneses-Flores M, Gallardo-Rincón D, Ruíz-García E, Marchat LA, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Hernández de la Cruz ON, López-Camarillo C. Dietary Compounds as Epigenetic Modulating Agents in Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:79. [PMID: 30881375 PMCID: PMC6406035 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms control gene expression during normal development and their aberrant regulation may lead to human diseases including cancer. Natural phytochemicals can largely modulate mammalian epigenome through regulation of mechanisms and proteins responsible for chromatin remodeling. Phytochemicals are mainly contained in fruits, seeds, and vegetables as well as in foods supplements. These compounds act as powerful cellular antioxidants and anti-carcinogens agents. Several dietary compounds such as catechins, curcumin, genistein, quercetin and resveratrol, among others, exhibit potent anti-tumor activities through the reversion of epigenetic alterations associated to oncogenes activation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In this review, we summarized the actual knowledge about the role of dietary phytochemicals in the restoration of aberrant epigenetic alterations found in cancer cells with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications. Furthermore, we discussed the mechanisms by which these natural compounds modulate gene expression at epigenetic level and described their molecular targets in diverse types of cancer. Modulation of epigenetic activities by phytochemicals will allow the discovery of novel biomarkers for cancer prevention, and highlights its potential as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Sullivan López-González
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Meneses-Flores
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional en Cáncer y Terapia Celular, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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25
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Wu Q, Odwin-Dacosta S, Cao S, Yager JD, Tang WY. Estrogen down regulates COMT transcription via promoter DNA methylation in human breast cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 367:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Milano F, Mussi F, Fornaciari S, Altunoz M, Forti L, Arru L, Buschini A. Oxygen Availability during Growth Modulates the Phytochemical Profile and the Chemo-Protective Properties of Spinach Juice. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020053. [PMID: 30720723 PMCID: PMC6406831 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are a good source of potentially biologically active compounds. Their regular consumption in the human diet can help reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Plants produce additional chemical substances when subject to abiotic stress or infected by microorganisms. The phytochemical profile of spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.), which is a vegetable with widely recognized health-promoting activity, has been affected by applying root hypoxic and re-oxygenation stress during plant growth. Leaf juice at different sampling times has been subject to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MSn) analysis and tested on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 by using the Comet assay. The cells were previously treated with H2O2 to simulate the presence of an oxidative stress (as in colon cancer condition) and the leaf juice application resulted in a significant antioxidant and protective in vitro effect. The duration of the hypoxic/re-oxygenation stress imposed on the plant reflects the antioxidant leaf juice content. After hypoxic stress (24 h) and reoxygenation (2 h), we show a decrease (50%) of the relative abundance of the principal identified antioxidant molecules but a higher antioxidant activity of the spinach juice on HT29 cells (20%). Data shows a complex relation between plant growing conditions and the modulation of secondary metabolites content in leaf juice that results in different chemo-protective activities in colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Milano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Mussi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Fornaciari
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Meltem Altunoz
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Luca Forti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Laura Arru
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- COMT (Centro di Oncologia Molecolare e Traslazionale), Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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27
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Huang D, Cui L, Ahmed S, Zainab F, Wu Q, Wang X, Yuan Z. An overview of epigenetic agents and natural nutrition products targeting DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylases and microRNAs. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:574-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Lascano S, Lopez M, Arimondo PB. Natural Products and Chemical Biology Tools: Alternatives to Target Epigenetic Mechanisms in Cancers. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1854-1876. [PMID: 30537358 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone acetylation are widely studied epigenetic modifications. They are involved in numerous pathologies such as cancer, neurological disease, inflammation, obesity, etc. Since the discovery of the epigenome, numerous compounds have been developed to reverse DNA methylation and histone acetylation aberrant profile in diseases. Among them several were inspired by Nature and have a great interest as therapeutic molecules. In the quest of finding new ways to target epigenetic mechanisms, the use of chemical tools is a powerful strategy to better understand epigenetic mechanisms in biological systems. In this review we will present natural products reported as DNMT or HDAC inhibitors for anticancer treatments. We will then discuss the use of chemical tools that have been used in order to explore the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Lascano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, 240 avenue du Prof. E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Marie Lopez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université de Montpellier-ENSCM, 240 avenue du Prof. E. Jeanbrau, 34296, Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Paola B Arimondo
- Epigenetic Chemical Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3523, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724, Paris cedex 15, France
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29
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Kiani S, Akhavan-Niaki H, Fattahi S, Kavoosian S, Babaian Jelodar N, Bagheri N, Najafi Zarrini H. Purified sulforaphane from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) leads to alterations of CDX1 and CDX2 expression and changes in miR-9 and miR-326 levels in human gastric cancer cells. Gene 2018; 678:115-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Cao S, Wang L, Zhang Z, Chen F, Wu Q, Li L. Sulforaphane-induced metabolomic responses with epigenetic changes in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:2022-2034. [PMID: 30524952 PMCID: PMC6275259 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is a risk factor for breast cancer. The isothiocyanate sulforaphane (SFN), found in cruciferous vegetables, has been identified as an effective chemopreventive agent, and may prevent or treat breast cancer by reversing estrogen‐induced metabolic changes. Here, we investigated metabolic changes in estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells treated with estradiol (E2) and/or SFN to identify key metabolite panels that might provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of the antitumor effects of SFN. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS) were used to obtain the metabolic profiles of MCF‐7 cells. The data were analyzed using Student's t‐test and multivariate statistics, including principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. Hydroxymethylation was detected by UPLC‐Orbitrap‐MS and verified by immunofluorescence assay. We report that significant changes in metabolites induced by E2 and SFN were associated with differences in glycolysis and energy metabolism, and also amino acid, purine, and folic acid metabolism. E2 may alter methylation and hydroxymethylation status via the folic acid pathway. We also identified biomarkers that may be of use in interpretation of the metabolic pathways evoked by the effects of E2 and SFN on breast cancer cells. The identified biomarkers associated with metabolic pathways provide new insight into the chemopreventive mechanisms of SFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Cao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Modern Toxicology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University China
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31
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Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable mechanisms that can modify gene activity and phenotype without modifying the genetic code. The basis for the concept of epigenetics originated more than 2,000 yr ago as a theory to explain organismal development. However, the definition of epigenetics continues to evolve as we identify more of the components that make up the epigenome and dissect the complex manner by which they regulate and are regulated by cellular functions. A substantial and growing body of research shows that nutrition plays a significant role in regulating the epigenome. Here, we critically assess this diverse body of evidence elucidating the role of nutrition in modulating the epigenome and summarize the impact such changes have on molecular and physiological outcomes with regards to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folami Y Ideraabdullah
- Departments of Genetics and Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina; and Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- Departments of Genetics and Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina; and Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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32
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Kan SF, Wang J, Sun GX. Sulforaphane regulates apoptosis- and proliferation‑related signaling pathways and synergizes with cisplatin to suppress human ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2447-2458. [PMID: 30226534 PMCID: PMC6192763 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is currently the most life‑threatening type of gynecological malignancy with limited treatment options. Therefore, improved targeted therapies are required to combat ovarian cancer across the world. Sulforaphane is found in raw cruciferous vegetables. The chemotherapeutic and anti‑carcinogenic properties of sulforaphane have been demonstrated, however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, particularly in ovarian cancer. In the present study, the possibility of repurposing sulforaphane as an anti‑ovarian cancer agent was examined. Cell viability and colony formation assay were used to test the anticancer efficiency of sulforaphane. Then wound healing assay, migration assay, cell cycle and apoptosis assays were used to detect how the drug worked on the cells. The mechanism of sulforaphane was investigated by western blot analysis. It was found that sulforaphane effectively suppressed the progression of human ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle, and promoted apoptosis. Sulforaphane inhibited multiple cancer‑associated signaling pathways, including B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, cytochrome c, Caspase‑3, phosphorylated AKT, phosphorylated nuclear factor‑κB, P53, P27, Cyclin‑D1 and cMyc, and reduced the expression levels of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in human ovarian cancer cells. Sulforaphane synergized with cisplatin to suppress the cancer cell proliferation and enhance ovarian cancer cell apoptosis. Xenograft experiments in vivo confirmed that sulforaphane effectively suppressed tumor growth by inhibiting ovarian cancer cell proliferation through targeting tumor‑related signals. The results indicated that sulforaphane may be repurposed as an effective anti‑ovarian cancer agent, with further preclinical or clinical investigations required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Zaozhuang City Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277102, P.R. China
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33
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Mitsiogianni M, Amery T, Franco R, Zoumpourlis V, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. From chemo-prevention to epigenetic regulation: The role of isothiocyanates in skin cancer prevention. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:187-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Jiang X, Liu Y, Ma L, Ji R, Qu Y, Xin Y, Lv G. Chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:2905-2913. [PMID: 30254420 PMCID: PMC6141106 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process induced by genetic and epigenetic changes that disrupt pathways controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and senescence. In this context, many bioactive dietary compounds from vegetables and fruits have been demonstrated to be effective in cancer prevention and intervention. Over the years, sulforaphane (SFN), found in cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to have chemopreventive activity in vitro and in vivo. SFN protects cells from environmental carcinogens and also induces growth arrest and/or apoptosis in various cancer cells. In this review, we will discuss several potential mechanisms of the chemopreventive activity of SFN, including regulation of Phase I and Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, cell cycle arrest, and induction of apoptosis, especially via regulation of signaling pathways such as Nrf2-Keap1 and NF-κB. Recent studies suggest that SFN can also affect the epigenetic control of key genes and greatly influence the initiation and progression of cancer. This research may provide a basis for the clinical use of SFN for cancer chemoprevention and enable us to design preventive strategies for cancer management, reduce cancer development and recurrence, and thus improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Pathobiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yaqin Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,
| | - Guoyue Lv
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China,
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35
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Curran KM, Bracha S, Wong CP, Beaver LM, Stevens JF, Ho E. Sulforaphane absorption and histone deacetylase activity following single dosing of broccoli sprout supplement in normal dogs. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:357-363. [PMID: 30117668 PMCID: PMC6236138 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of epigenetic alterations during cancer has gained increasing attention and has resulted in a paradigm shift in our understanding of mechanisms leading to cancer susceptibility. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate derived from the precursor glucosinolate, glucoraphanin (GFN), which is found in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli. Sulforaphane has been shown to suppress tumour growth by several mechanisms including inhibiting histone deacetylases. The objective of this study was to provide a detailed analysis of sulforaphane absorption following a single oral dose of a broccoli sprout supplement in normal dogs. A single dose of broccoli sprout supplement (with active myrosinase) was orally administered to 10 healthy adult dogs. Blood and urine samples were collected prior to dosing, and at various time points post‐dosing. Plasma total SFN metabolite levels peaked at 4 h post‐consumption and were cleared by 24 h post‐consumption. Urinary SFN metabolites peaked at 4 h post‐consumption, and remained detectable at 24 and 48 h post‐supplement consumption. A trend for decrease in histone deacetylase activity was observed at 1 h post‐consumption and a significant decrease was observed at 24 h post‐consumption. The data presented herein indicate that oral SFN is absorbed in dogs, SFN metabolites are detectable in plasma and urine post‐dosing, and SFN and its metabolites have some effect on histone deacetylase activity following a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M Curran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Shay Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.,Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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36
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DNA methylation patterns of the S100A14, POU2F3 and SFN genes in equine sarcoid tissues. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:302-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Anticancer Activity of Sulforaphane: The Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5438179. [PMID: 29977456 PMCID: PMC6011061 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5438179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), a compound derived from cruciferous vegetables that has been shown to be safe and nontoxic, with minimal/no side effects, has been extensively studied due to its numerous bioactivities, such as anticancer and antioxidant activities. SFN exerts its anticancer effects by modulating key signaling pathways and genes involved in the induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and inhibition of angiogenesis. SFN also upregulates a series of cytoprotective genes by activating nuclear factor erythroid-2- (NF-E2-) related factor 2 (Nrf2), a critical transcription factor activated in response to oxidative stress; Nrf2 activation is also involved in the cancer-preventive effects of SFN. Accumulating evidence supports that epigenetic modification is an important factor in carcinogenesis and cancer progression, as epigenetic alterations often contribute to the inhibition of tumor-suppressor genes and the activation of oncogenes, which enables cells to acquire cancer-promoting properties. Studies on the mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of SFN have shown that SFN can reverse such epigenetic alterations in cancers by targeting DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), histone deacetyltransferases (HDACs), and noncoding RNAs. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the anticancer activities of SFN and its mechanisms, with a particular emphasis on epigenetic modifications, including epigenetic reactivation of Nrf2.
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Natural scaffolds in anticancer therapy and precision medicine. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1563-1585. [PMID: 29729870 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of natural compounds is essential for their mechanism of action. The source, structures and structure activity relationship of natural compounds contributed to the development of new classes of chemotherapy agents for over 40 years. The availability of combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening has fueled the challenge to identify novel compounds that mimic nature's chemistry and to predict their macromolecular targets. Combining conventional and targeted therapies helped to successfully overcome drug resistance and prolong disease-free survival. Here, we aim to provide an overview of preclinical investigated natural compounds alone and in combination to further improve personalization of cancer treatment.
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Recio R, Elhalem E, Benito JM, Fernández I, Khiar N. NMR study on the stabilization and chiral discrimination of sulforaphane enantiomers and analogues by cyclodextrins. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 187:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Khan MI, Rath S, Adhami VM, Mukhtar H. Targeting epigenome with dietary nutrients in cancer: Current advances and future challenges. Pharmacol Res 2018; 129:375-387. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Beaver LM, Lӧhr CV, Clarke JD, Glasser ST, Watson GW, Wong CP, Zhang Z, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Shannon J, Thuillier P, Ho E. Broccoli Sprouts Delay Prostate Cancer Formation and Decrease Prostate Cancer Severity with a Concurrent Decrease in HDAC3 Protein Expression in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) Mice. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy002. [PMID: 30019025 PMCID: PMC6041877 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cruciferous vegetables have been associated with the chemoprevention of cancer. Epigenetic regulators have been identified as important targets for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Treatment of human prostate cancer cells with sulforaphane (SFN), a chemical from broccoli and broccoli sprouts, inhibits epigenetic regulators such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, but it is not known whether consumption of a diet high in broccoli sprouts impacts epigenetic mechanisms in an in vivo model of prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE In the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, we tested the hypothesis that a broccoli sprout diet suppresses prostate cancer, inhibits HDAC expression, alters histone modifications, and changes the expression of genes regulated by HDACs. METHODS TRAMP mice were fed a 15% broccoli sprout or control AIN93G diet; tissue samples were collected at 12 and 28 wk of age. RESULTS Mice fed broccoli sprouts had detectable amounts of SFN metabolites in liver, kidney, colon, and prostate tissues. Broccoli sprouts reduced prostate cancer incidence and progression to invasive cancer by 11- and 2.4-fold at 12 and 28 wk of age, respectively. There was a significant decline in HDAC3 protein expression in the epithelial cells of prostate ventral and anterior lobes at age 12 wk. Broccoli sprout consumption also decreased histone H3 lysine 9 trimethylation in the ventral lobe (age 12 wk), and decreased histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation in all prostate lobes (age 28 wk). A decline in p16 mRNA levels, a gene regulated by HDAC3, was associated with broccoli sprout consumption, but no significant changes were noted at the protein level. CONCLUSIONS Broccoli sprout intake was associated with a decline in prostate cancer occurrence and HDAC3 protein expression in the prostate, extending prior work that implicated loss of HDAC3/ corepressor interactions as a key preventive mechanism by SFN in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Christiane V Lӧhr
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - John D Clarke
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Sarah T Glasser
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Greg W Watson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Philippe Thuillier
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
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Housley L, Magana AA, Hsu A, Beaver LM, Wong CP, Stevens JF, Choi J, Jiang Y, Bella D, Williams DE, Maier CS, Shannon J, Dashwood RH, Ho E. Untargeted Metabolomic Screen Reveals Changes in Human Plasma Metabolite Profiles Following Consumption of Fresh Broccoli Sprouts. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700665. [PMID: 29377494 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Several lines of evidence suggest that the consumption of cruciferous vegetables is beneficial to human health. Yet, underlying mechanisms and key molecular targets that are involved with achieving these benefits in humans are still not fully understood. To accelerate this research, we conduct a human study to identify potential molecular targets of crucifers for further study. This study aims to characterize plasma metabolite profiles in humans before and after consuming fresh broccoli sprouts (a rich dietary source of bioactive sulforaphane). METHODS AND RESULTS Ten healthy adults consume fresh broccoli sprouts (containing 200 μmol sulforaphane equivalents) at time 0 and provide blood samples at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. An untargeted metabolomics screen reveals that levels of several plasma metabolites are significantly different before and after sprout intake, including fatty acids (14:0, 14:1, 16:0, 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1), glutathione, glutamine, cysteine, dehydroepiandrosterone, and deoxyuridine monophosphate. Evaluation of all time points is conducted using paired t-test (R software) and repeated measures analysis of variance for a within-subject design (Progenesis QI). CONCLUSION This investigation identifies several potential molecular targets of crucifers that may aid in studying established and emerging health benefits of consuming cruciferous vegetables and related bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Housley
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Chico, CA, USA
| | - Armando Alcazar Magana
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Anna Hsu
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Carmen P Wong
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jaewoo Choi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Deborah Bella
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jackilen Shannon
- Department of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Moore Family Center for Whole Grain Foods, Nutrition and Preventive Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Gao L, Cheng D, Yang J, Wu R, Li W, Kong AN. Sulforaphane epigenetically demethylates the CpG sites of the miR-9-3 promoter and reactivates miR-9-3 expression in human lung cancer A549 cells. J Nutr Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29525530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic aberrations contribute to the development and progression of cancers such as lung cancer. The promoter region of miR-9-3 was recently found to be hypermethylated in lung cancer, resulting in down-regulation of miR-9-3 and poor patient prognosis. Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural compound that is obtained from cruciferous vegetables, has potent anticancer activities. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SFN on restoring the miR-9-3 level in lung cancer A549 cells through epigenetic regulation. DNA methylation of the miR-9-3 promoter was examined using bisulfite genomic sequencing and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation analysis. The expression levels of miR-9-3 and several epigenetic modifying enzymes were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The transcriptional activity of the miR-9-3 promoter was evaluated by patch methylation, and histone modifications were analyzed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. We found that CpG methylation was reduced in the miR-9-3 promoter and that miR-9-3 expression was increased after 5 days of treatment with SFN. In vitro methylation analysis showed that the methylated recombinant construct exhibited lower luciferase reporter activity than the unmethylated counterpart. ChIP assays revealed that SFN treatment increased H3K4me1 enrichment at the miR-9-3 promoter. Furthermore, SFN treatment attenuated enzymatic DNMT activity and DNMT3a, HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC6 and CDH1 protein expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that SFN may exert its chemopreventive effects partly through epigenetic demethylation and restoration of miR-9-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - David Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Renyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Wenji Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Penta D, Somashekar BS, Meeran SM. Epigenetics of skin cancer: Interventions by selected bioactive phytochemicals. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2017; 34:42-49. [DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanamjai Penta
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Department of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore India
| | - Bagganahalli S. Somashekar
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Department of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore India
| | - Syed Musthapa Meeran
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics; Department of Biochemistry; CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute; Mysore India
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Zeisel S. Choline, Other Methyl-Donors and Epigenetics. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9050445. [PMID: 28468239 PMCID: PMC5452175 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline dietary intake varies such that many people do not achieve adequate intakes. Diet intake of choline can modulate methylation because, via betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), this nutrient (and its metabolite, betaine) regulate the concentrations of S-adenosylhomocysteine and S-adenosylmethionine. Some of the epigenetic mechanisms that modify gene expression without modifying the genetic code depend on the methylation of DNA or of histones; and diet availability of choline and other methyl-group donors influences both of these methylations. Examples of methyl-donor mediated epigenetic effects include the changes in coat color and body weight in offspring when pregnant agouti mice are fed high choline, high methyl diets; the changes in tail kinking in offspring when pregnant Axin(Fu) mice are fed high choline, high methyl diets; the changes in Cdkn3 methylation and altered brain development that occurs in offspring when pregnant rodents are fed low choline diets. When choline metabolism is disrupted by deleting the gene Bhmt, DNA methylation is affected (especially in a region of chromosome 13), expression of specific genes is suppressed, and liver cancers develop. Better understanding of how nutrients such as choline and methyl-donors influence epigenetic programs has importance for our understanding of not only developmental abnormalities but also for understanding the origins of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Zeisel
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Drive, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA.
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Moghaddaskho F, Eyvani H, Ghadami M, Tavakkoly-Bazzaz J, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A, Ghaffari SH. Demethylation and alterations in the expression level of the cell cycle-related genes as possible mechanisms in arsenic trioxide-induced cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317692255. [PMID: 28218039 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317692255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been used clinically as an anti-tumor agent. Its mechanisms are mostly considered to be the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of its anti-cancer action through cell cycle arrest are poorly known. Furthermore, As2O3 has been shown to be a potential DNA methylation inhibitor, inducing DNA hypomethylation. We hypothesize that As2O3 may affect the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes by interfering with DNA methylation patterns. To explore this, we examined promoter methylation status of 24 cell cycle genes in breast cancer cell lines and in a normal breast tissue sample by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction and/or restriction enzyme-based methods. Gene expression level and cell cycle distribution were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analyses, respectively. Our methylation analysis indicates that only promoters of RBL1 (p107), RASSF1A, and cyclin D2 were aberrantly methylated in studied breast cancer cell lines. As2O3 induced CpG island demethylation in promoter regions of these genes and restores their expression correlated with DNA methyltransferase inhibition. As2O3 also induced alterations in messenger RNA expression of several cell cycle-related genes independent of demethylation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the cell cycle arrest induced by As2O3 varied depending on cell lines, MCF-7 at G1 phase and both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells at G2/M phase. These changes at transcriptional level of the cell cycle genes by the molecular mechanisms dependent and independent of demethylation are likely to represent the mechanisms of cell cycle redistribution in breast cancer cells, in response to As2O3 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farima Moghaddaskho
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2 Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Eyvani
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,2 Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Ghadami
- 2 Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Tavakkoly-Bazzaz
- 2 Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Alimoghaddam
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- 1 Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Semik E, Ząbek T, Gurgul A, Fornal A, Szmatoła T, Pawlina K, Wnuk M, Klukowska-Rötzler J, Koch C, Mählmann K, Bugno-Poniewierska M. Comparative analysis of DNA methylation patterns of equine sarcoid and healthy skin samples. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:37-46. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Semik
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - T. Ząbek
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - A. Gurgul
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - A. Fornal
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - T. Szmatoła
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - K. Pawlina
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
| | - M. Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences; University of Rzeszow; Rzeszow Poland
| | - J. Klukowska-Rötzler
- Division of Pedriatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern and Agroscope; Bern Switzerland
| | - C. Koch
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern and Agroscope; Bern Switzerland
| | - K. Mählmann
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine ISME, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty; University of Bern and Agroscope; Bern Switzerland
- Equine Clinic, General Surgery and Radiology; Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Bugno-Poniewierska
- Department of Animal Genomics and Molecular Biology; National Research Institute of Animal Production; Balice Poland
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Park JE, Sun Y, Lim SK, Tam JP, Dekker M, Chen H, Sze SK. Dietary phytochemical PEITC restricts tumor development via modulation of epigenetic writers and erasers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40569. [PMID: 28079155 PMCID: PMC5228035 DOI: 10.1038/srep40569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of bioactive phytochemicals including the cruciferous vegetable derivative phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) can reduce risk of human cancers, but possible epigenetic mechanisms of these effects are yet unknown. We therefore sought to identify the molecular basis of PEITC-mediated epigenetic tumor restriction. Colon cancer cells treated with low-dose PEITC for >1 month exhibited stable alterations in expression profile of epigenetic writers/erasers and chromatin-binding of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and Polycomb-group (PcG) proteins. Sustained PEITC exposure not only blocked HDAC binding to euchromatin but was also associated with hypomethylation of PcG target genes that are typically hypermethylated in cancer. Furthermore, PEITC treatment induced expression of pro-apoptotic genes in tumor cells, which was partially reversed by overexpression of PcG member BMI-1, suggesting opposing roles for PEITC and PcG proteins in control of tumor progression. These data demonstrate that PEITC regulates chromatin binding of key epigenetic writers/erasers and PcG complexes to restrict tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, #05-05 Immunos, 138648 Singapore
| | - James P Tam
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Matthijs Dekker
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, 472 Bevier Hall, 905 S. Goodwin, Urbana IL 61801, USA
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
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Beaver LM, Kuintzle R, Buchanan A, Wiley MW, Glasser ST, Wong CP, Johnson GS, Chang JH, Löhr CV, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Hendrix DA, Ho E. Long noncoding RNAs and sulforaphane: a target for chemoprevention and suppression of prostate cancer. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:72-83. [PMID: 28131897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as important in cancer development and progression. The impact of diet on lncRNA expression is largely unknown. Sulforaphane (SFN), obtained from vegetables like broccoli, can prevent and suppress cancer formation. Here we tested the hypothesis that SFN attenuates the expression of cancer-associated lncRNAs. We analyzed whole-genome RNA-sequencing data of normal human prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells treated with 15 μM SFN or dimethylsulfoxide. SFN significantly altered expression of ~100 lncRNAs in each cell type and normalized the expression of some lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in cancer cells. SFN-mediated alterations in lncRNA expression correlated with genes that regulate cell cycle, signal transduction and metabolism. LINC01116 was functionally investigated because it was overexpressed in several cancers, and was transcriptionally repressed after SFN treatment. Knockdown of LINC01116 with siRNA decreased proliferation of prostate cancer cells and significantly up-regulated several genes including GAPDH (regulates glycolysis), MAP1LC3B2 (autophagy) and H2AFY (chromatin structure). A four-fold decrease in the ability of the cancer cells to form colonies was found when the LINC01116 gene was disrupted through a CRISPR/CAS9 method, further supporting an oncogenic function for LINC01116 in PC-3 cells. We identified a novel isoform of LINC01116 and bioinformatically investigated the possibility that LINC01116 could interact with target genes via ssRNA:dsDNA triplexes. Our data reveal that chemicals from the diet can influence the expression of functionally important lncRNAs, and suggest a novel mechanism by which SFN may prevent and suppress prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Beaver
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Rachael Kuintzle
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 2011 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Alex Buchanan
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Michelle W Wiley
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 2011 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Sarah T Glasser
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Carmen P Wong
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Gavin S Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Mail Stop 1201, Houston, TX 77030-3303.
| | - Jeff H Chang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331; Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, 1007 Agriculture & Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe Blvd., Mail Stop 1201, Houston, TX 77030-3303.
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 2011 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331; The School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, 1148 Kelley Engineering Center, Corvallis, OR 97331.
| | - Emily Ho
- Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331; Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331; Moore Family Center, Oregon State University, 103 Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331.
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Johnson GS, Li J, Beaver LM, Dashwood WM, Sun D, Rajendran P, Williams DE, Ho E, Dashwood RH. A functional pseudogene, NMRAL2P, is regulated by Nrf2 and serves as a coactivator of NQO1 in sulforaphane-treated colon cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27860235 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The anticancer agent sulforaphane (SFN) acts via multiple mechanisms to modulate gene expression, including the induction of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-dependent signaling and the inhibition of histone deacetylase activity. Transcriptomics studies were performed in SFN-treated human colon cancer cells and in nontransformed colonic epithelial cells in order to pursue new mechanistic leads. METHODS AND RESULTS RNA-sequencing corroborated the expected changes in cancer-related pathways after SFN treatment. In addition to NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and other well-known Nrf2-dependent targets, SFN strongly induced the expression of Loc344887. This noncoding RNA was confirmed as a novel functional pseudogene for NmrA-like redox sensor 1, and was given the name NmrA-like redox sensor 2 pseudogene (NMRAL2P). Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments corroborated the presence of Nrf2 interactions on the NMRAL2P genomic region, and interestingly, NMRAL2P also served as a coregulator of NQO1 in human colon cancer cells. Silencing of NMRAL2P via CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing protected against SFN-mediated inhibition of cancer cell growth, colony formation, and migration. CONCLUSION NMRAL2P is the first functional pseudogene to be identified both as a direct transcriptional target of Nrf2, and as a downstream regulator of Nrf2-dependent NQO1 induction. Further studies are warranted on NMRAL2P-Nrf2 crosstalk and the associated mechanisms of gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin S Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura M Beaver
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - W Mohaiza Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deqiang Sun
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Praveen Rajendran
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
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