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Galván-Morales MÁ. Perspectives of Proteomics in Respiratory Allergic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12924. [PMID: 37629105 PMCID: PMC10454482 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics in respiratory allergic diseases has such a battery of techniques and programs that one would almost think there is nothing impossible to find, invent or mold. All the resources that we document here are involved in solving problems in allergic diseases, both diagnostic and prognostic treatment, and immunotherapy development. The main perspectives, according to this version, are in three strands and/or a lockout immunological system: (1) Blocking the diapedesis of the cells involved, (2) Modifications and blocking of paratopes and epitopes being understood by modifications to antibodies, antagonisms, or blocking them, and (3) Blocking FcεRI high-affinity receptors to prevent specific IgEs from sticking to mast cells and basophils. These tools and targets in the allergic landscape are, in our view, the prospects in the field. However, there are still many allergens to identify, including some homologies between allergens and cross-reactions, through the identification of structures and epitopes. The current vision of using proteomics for this purpose remains a constant; this is also true for the basis of diagnostic and controlled systems for immunotherapy. Ours is an open proposal to use this vision for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Galván-Morales
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, CBS. Unidad Xochimilco, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Calzada del Hueso 1100, Villa Quietud, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico
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Fernández-González M, Ribeiro H, Rodríguez-Rajo FJ, Cruz A, Abreu I. Short-Term Exposure of Dactylis glomerata Pollen to Atmospheric Gaseous Pollutants Is Related to an Increase in IgE Binding in Patients with Grass Pollen Allergies. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:76. [PMID: 36616204 PMCID: PMC9823458 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and tropospheric ozone (O3) in urban and industrial site atmospheres are considered key factors associated with pollen-related respiratory allergies. This work studies the effects of NO2 and O3 on the protein expression profile and IgE binding in patients with grass allergies to Dactylis glomerata pollen extracts. Pollens were collected during the flowering season and were exposed to NO2 and O3 in a controlled environmental chamber. The amount of soluble protein was examined using the Bradford method, and the protein expression profile and antigenic properties were analysed using the immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our results showed apparent inter-sera differences concerning the number and intensity of IgE reactivity, with the most prominent at bands of 55 kDa, 35, 33, and 13 kDa. In the 13 kDa band, both gases tend to induce an increase in IgE binding, the band at 33 kDa showed a tendency towards a reduction, particularly pollen exposed to O3. Reactive bands at 55 and 35 kDa presented an increase in the IgE binding pattern for all the patient sera samples exposed to NO2, but the samples exposed to O3 showed an increase in some sera and in others a decrease. Regarding the ELISA results, out of the 21 tested samples, only 9 showed a statistically significant increase in total IgE reactivity after pollen exposure to the pollutants. Our study revealed that although airborne pollen allergens might be affected by air pollution, the possible impacts on allergy symptoms might vary depending on the type of pollutant and the patient's sensitisation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-González
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Helena Ribeiro
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Geosciences, Environment and Spatial Plannings, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fco. Javier Rodríguez-Rajo
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Ana Cruz
- Clinical Pathology Service, Immunology Laboratory Vila Nova de Gaia Hospitalar Centre, 4434-502 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Ilda Abreu
- Earth Sciences Institute (ICT), Pole of the Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Robledo-Retana T, Mani BM, Teran LM. Ligustrum pollen: New insights into allergic disease. World Allergy Organ J 2020; 13:100104. [PMID: 32055279 PMCID: PMC7005548 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory allergies are important medical conditions because they affect nearly 20% of the population worldwide, with higher prevalence in industrialized cities. Aeroallergens such as pollen are responsible for up to 40% of respiratory allergies. The pollen from Ligustrum (privet hedge) is a great source of inhalant allergens associated with allergic respiratory diseases around the world. However, it has been underestimated as a sensitization factor. Interestingly, over the last few years a number of novel allergens have been identified from Ligustrum using immunoproteomics technologies. Cross-linking of IgE and Ligustrum allergens could lead to the rapid release of inflammatory mediators by mast cells and basophils. These will promote a late response characterized by activation of T cells and overproduction of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. These inflammatory changes cause respiratory diseases like asthma and allergic rhinitis in sensitized subjects. Here, we review Ligustrum pollen allergens and focus on their clinical and immunological significance in allergic disease as well as the use of hypoallergenic derivatives in personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Robledo-Retana
- Biochemistry Department, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Blessy M Mani
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis M Teran
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, C.P. 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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Almeida E, Caeiro E, Todo-Bom A, Duarte A, Gazarini L. Sensitization to grass allergens: Phl p1, Phl p5 and Phl p7 Phl p12 in adult and children patients in Beja (Southern Portugal). Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2019; 47:579-584. [PMID: 31477404 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Portugal, the pollen types most implicated in respiratory allergy are grasses, olive and parietaria. The knowledge of sensitizations to molecular allergens in children and adults can contribute to better diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. METHODS ImmunoCAP singleplex technology was used for molecular allergens and Phadia 250® automatic equipment. g205 (Phl p1); g215 (Phl p5b); g210 (Phl p7); and g212 (Phl p12) allergen determinations were made in 45 patients with positive grass sensitization tests. RESULTS The majority of patients are sensitized to Phl p1 (91%) and Phl p1+/Phl p5-/Phl p7-/Phl p12- was the most dominant profile (40%). In the adult group, the IgE averages for Phl p1 were approximately 10.46, while they were 8.43 for Phl p5, 0.69 for Phl p7, and 0.06 for Phl p12. In the child group, these values were higher: 22.49, 20.23, 3.89, and 0.35, respectively. For allergens Phl p1, Phl p5, and Phl p7, these differences between the child and adult population were not statistically significant (p=0.754, p=0.806 and p=0.102, respectively), but for Phl p12, a statistically significant difference (p=0.018) was observed. CONCLUSIONS IgE antibodies Phl p1 is the most important allergic marker and sensitivities caused by Phl p12 give rise to higher IgE values in children.
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Tortajada-Girbés M, Mesa Del Castillo M, Larramona H, Lucas JM, Álvaro M, Tabar AI, Jerez MJ, Martínez-Cañavate A. Evidence in immunotherapy for paediatric respiratory allergy: Advances and recommendations. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44 Suppl 1:1-32. [PMID: 27776895 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Allergic respiratory diseases are major health problems in paediatric population due their high level of prevalence and chronicity, and to their relevance in the costs and quality of life. One of the most important risk factors for the development of airway diseases in children and adolescents is atopy. The mainstays for the treatment of these diseases are avoiding allergens, controlling symptoms, and preventing them through sustained desensitization by allergen immunotherapy (AIT). AIT is a treatment option that consists in the administration of increasing amounts of allergens to modify the biological response to them, inducing long-term tolerance even after treatment has ended. This treatment approach has shown to decrease symptoms and improve quality of life, becoming cost effective for a large number of patients. In addition, it is considered the only treatment that can influence the natural course of the disease by targeting the cause of the allergic inflammatory response. The aim of this publication is to reflect the advances of AIT in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic respiratory diseases in children and adolescents reviewing articles published since 2000, establishing evidence categories to support the strength of the recommendations based on evidence. The first part of the article covers the prerequisite issues to understand how AIT is effective, such as the correct etiologic and clinical diagnosis of allergic respiratory diseases. Following this, the article outlines the advancements in understanding the mechanisms by which AIT achieve immune tolerance to allergens. Administration routes, treatment regimens, dose and duration, efficacy, safety, and factors associated with adherence are also reviewed. Finally, the article reviews future advances in the research of AIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tortajada-Girbés
- Paediatric Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, Dr. Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain; Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Mesa Del Castillo
- Paediatric Allergology and Neumology Unit, Hospital El Escorial, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Larramona
- Paediatric Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University Autonoma of Barcelona, and Corporacio Sanitaria Parc Tauli, Hospital of Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Lucas
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Virgen Arrixaca Clinic Universitary Hospital, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Álvaro
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Section, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A I Tabar
- Servicio de Alergología. Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), RETIC de Asma, Reacciones adversas y Alérgicas (ARADYAL), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M J Jerez
- Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg
| | - A Martínez-Cañavate
- Paediatric Allergology and Neumology Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Spain
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Zimmer J, Vieths S, Kaul S. Standardization and Regulation of Allergen Products in the European Union. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:21. [PMID: 26874849 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Product-specific standardization is of prime importance to ensure persistent quality, safety, and efficacy of allergen products. The regulatory framework in the EU has induced great advancements in the field in the last years although national implementation still remains heterogeneous. Scores of methods for quantification of individual allergen molecules are developed each year and also the challenging characterization of chemically modified allergen products is progressing. However, despite the unquestionable increase in knowledge and the subsequent improvements in control of quality parameters of allergen products, an important aim has not been reached yet, namely cross-product comparability. Still, comparison of allergen product potency, either based on total allergenic activity or individual allergen molecule content, is not possible due to a lack of standard reference preparations in conjunction with validated standard methods. This review aims at presenting the most recent developments in product-specific standardization as well as activities to facilitate cross-product comparability in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zimmer
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
| | - Susanne Kaul
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 51-59, 63225, Langen, Germany.
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