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Zhang X, Ma L, Xue M, Sun Y, Wang Z. Advances in lymphatic metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:201. [PMID: 38566083 PMCID: PMC10986052 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a deeply malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality. Despite the rapid development of diagnosis and treatment technology, abundant patients with lung cancer are still inevitably faced with recurrence and metastasis, contributing to death. Lymphatic metastasis is the first step of distant metastasis and an important prognostic indicator of non-small cell lung cancer. Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis is involved in the construction of the tumor microenvironment, except promoting malignant proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, it also plays a crucial role in individual response to treatment, especially immunotherapy. Thus, this article reviews the current research status of lymphatic metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer, in order to provide some insights for the basic research and clinical and translational application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Li Ma
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Man Xue
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Yanning Sun
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Cancer Medical Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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2
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Kim Y, You JH, Ryu Y, Park G, Lee U, Moon HE, Park HR, Song CW, Ku JL, Park SH, Paek SH. ELAVL2 loss promotes aggressive mesenchymal transition in glioblastoma. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:79. [PMID: 38548861 PMCID: PMC10978835 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain cancer, exhibits intratumoral heterogeneity and molecular plasticity, posing challenges for effective treatment. Despite this, the regulatory mechanisms underlying such plasticity, particularly mesenchymal (MES) transition, remain poorly understood. In this study, we elucidate the role of the RNA-binding protein ELAVL2 in regulating aggressive MES transformation in GBM. We found that ELAVL2 is most frequently deleted in GBM compared to other cancers and associated with distinct clinical and molecular features. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ELAVL2-mediated alterations correspond to specific GBM subtype signatures. Notably, ELAVL2 expression negatively correlated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, and its loss promoted MES process and chemo-resistance in GBM cells, whereas ELAVL2 overexpression exerted the opposite effect. Further investigation via tissue microarray analysis demonstrated that high ELAVL2 protein expression confers a favorable survival outcome in GBM patients. Mechanistically, ELAVL2 was shown to directly bind to the transcripts of EMT-inhibitory molecules, SH3GL3 and DNM3, modulating their mRNA stability, potentially through an m6A-dependent mechanism. In summary, our findings identify ELAVL2 as a critical tumor suppressor and mRNA stabilizer that regulates MES transition in GBM, underscoring its role in transcriptomic plasticity and glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon You
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Caner Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonjoo Ryu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Biological Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyuri Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Caner Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Urim Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Caner Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang W Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ja-Lok Ku
- Korean Cell Line Bank, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Research Institute and Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea.
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Yu H, Dai C, Li J, Zhang X. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related gene signature for prognosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34271. [PMID: 37443495 PMCID: PMC10344514 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumor invasion and progression, and is regulated by DNA methylation. A prognostic signature of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) with EMT-related gene data has not yet been established. In our study, we constructed a co-expression network using differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify hub genes. We conducted a correlation analysis between the differentially methylated hub genes and differentially expressed EMT-related genes to screen EMT-related differentially methylated genes (ERDMGs). Functional enrichment was performed to annotate the ERDMGs. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and stepwise Cox regression analyses were performed to build a survival prognosis prediction model. Additionally, druggability analysis was performed to predict the potential drug targets of ERDMGs. We screened 11 ERDMGs that were enriched in cell adhesion molecules and other signaling pathways. Finally, we constructed a 4-ERDMG model, which showed good ability to predict survival prognosis in the training and validation sets. The model could serve as an independent predictive factor for patients with LUSC. Additionally, our druggability analysis predicted that CC chemokine ligand 23 (CCL23) and Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b (HNF1B) may be the underlying drug targets of LUSC. We established a new risk score (RS) system as a prognostic indicator to predict the outcome of patients with LUSC, which will help in the improvement of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frist Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Changxing Dai
- Otolaryngology Department, Qinhuangdao Haigang Hospital, Qinghuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frist Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangning Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frist Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
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Geng Y, Feng J, Huang H, Wang Y, Yi X, Wei S, Zhang M, Li Z, Wang W, Hu W. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of tumor immune microenvironment characteristics in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1170. [PMID: 36467341 PMCID: PMC9708492 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver metastasis is the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to analyze the cellular and molecular heterogeneity between CRC primary lesion and corresponding liver metastasis, and to clarify the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in synchronous liver metastasis of CRC. METHODS A case of microsatellite stable (MSS) sigmoid carcinoma with synchronous liver metastasis was selected, and tissues from the primary tumor and the liver metastasis were collected for scRNA-seq. The EdgeR package software was used to identify the differentially expressed genes between cells. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed and the clusterProfiler R package was used for Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. The SCENIC and CellphoneDB packages were used to reconstruct the transcriptional regulatory networks and to analyze the intercellular interaction network, respectively. RESULTS Compared to the primary tumor, the proportion of myeloid cells in the metastatic tumor was significantly increased, while B cells and plasma cells were decreased. In the metastatic tumor, the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) characteristic gene, mannose receptor C-type 1 (MRC1) and tumor associated macrophage 2 (TAM2)-related gene, were highly expressed. Furthermore, angiogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and endothelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of myeloid cells were also significantly enhanced. There were less myeloid cells in primary tumors, and these were mainly monocytes and TAM1; while the number of TAM2 was significantly upregulated in the metastatic samples. In liver metastasis, the T cell population was exhausted, and this was accompanied by a significant increase in the number of CD4+ T cells and a decrease in the number of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, some immune checkpoint molecules were highly expressed. Interactions between myeloid cells and other cell populations appeared to be strong. CONCLUSIONS The TME of CRC liver metastasis is significantly immunosuppressed. Interactions between myeloid cells and other cell populations in the TME contribute to the establishment of a pro-metastatic niche that promotes colonization and growth of CRC cells in the liver. TAMs may be a potential immunotherapeutic target for MSS CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Geng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xing Yi
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Tumor Immunotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Belanova A, Chmykhalo V, Shkurat T, Trotsenko A, Zolotukhin P. Trimethylglycine betaine effects on NFκB, HIF1A and NFE2L2/AP-1 pathways, mitochondrial activity, glucose import, and levels of ROS, thiols and lipids in HeLa cells. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Genomic characterization and tumor evolution in paired samples of metaplastic breast carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:1066-1074. [PMID: 35177782 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-022-01017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metaplastic breast carcinomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors (0.5-2%). They are mainly triple negative tumors but they present poorer chemotherapy responses and worse prognosis than other triple negative tumors. The aim of our study was to characterize the molecular profile and tumor evolution in matched (primary-relapse) tumor samples from patients with early-stage metaplastic breast carcinomas who had disease recurrence/progression. We performed genomic profiling of tumor biopsies at least from two different time points of their tumor evolution. Tumor samples were analyzed by DNA-Next Generation Sequencing (Illumina 2 x 75bp) using the Action OncoKitDX panel (Imegen-Health in Code group), which includes point mutations in 50 genes, CNVs, and fusion genes. Only pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were considered for analysis and they were categorized following the ComPerMed criteria. We analyzed 21 matched tumor samples (8 primary and 13 relapse/progression samples). Genomic profiling of matched tumor samples revealed that mutations present in primary tumors are generally maintained in the relapse/disease progression. We did not find a significant increase in point mutations between primary and relapse/progression samples, although gene amplifications were found more frequently in relapse/progression samples. Tumor samples harbored high frequency of TP53 (100%) and TERT promoter (29%) mutations, and of MYC amplifications (80% of which in relapse/progression samples). No PI3KCA mutations were found, but PTEN variations were enriched in 38% of samples (10% mutations and 28% deletions). FGFR1 amplifications were identified in 13% of samples (primary tumor only). Neither ERBB2 nor EGFR gene amplifications were detected. The most frequent pathogenic alterations occurred in cycle regulation's genes, including TP53 and TERT promoter mutations, and MYC amplifications. Relapse/progression samples were highly enriched for MYC amplification. Larger studies are required to better characterize these tumors, and identify new strategies to improve the prognosis of these patients.
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The CBP/β-Catenin Antagonist, ICG-001, Inhibits Tumor Metastasis via Blocking of the miR-134/ITGB1 Axis-Mediated Cell Adhesion in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133125. [PMID: 35804897 PMCID: PMC9264930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is incurable and remains the main cause of NPC death. Our previous studies found that the CBP/β-catenin Wnt antagonist, IGC-001, could inhibit the primary tumor formation of NPC tumor cells. Here, we further explored the anti-metastatic activity of ICG-001. We started by screening a panel of microRNAs that are related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell phenotypes; both properties can contribute to tumor metastasis. MicroRNA-134 was found to be consistently upregulated by ICG-001. The role of miR-134 in NPC is largely unknown but some studies found an association between low expression of miR-134 and poor prognosis. We examined the role of miR-134 in NPC with both in vitro and in vivo models and found that miR-134 could inhibit cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Our study provided a functional explanation for the poor prognosis observed in NPC patients with low or loss of miR-134 expression in their tumors and showed that modulation of the Wnt signaling by ICG-001 could effectively inhibit NPC metastasis via the miR-134/ITGB1 axis. Abstract Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy ranking as the 23rd most common cancer globally, while its incidence rate ranked the 9th in southeast Asia. Tumor metastasis is the dominant cause for treatment failure in NPC and metastatic NPC is yet incurable. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays an important role in many processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and self-renewal of stem cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Both the EMT process and CSCs are believed to play a critical role in cancer metastasis. We here investigated whether the specific CBP/β-catenin Wnt antagonist, IGC-001, affects the metastasis of NPC cells. We found that ICG-001 treatment could reduce the adhesion capability of NPC cells to extracellular matrix and to capillary endothelial cells and reduce the tumor cell migration and invasion, events which are closely associated with distant metastasis. Through a screening of EMT and CSC-related microRNAs, it was found that miR-134 was consistently upregulated by ICG-001 treatment in NPC cells. Very few reports have mentioned the functional role of miR-134 in NPC, except that the expression was found to be downregulated in NPC. Transient transfection of miR-134 into NPC cells reduced their cell adhesion, migration, and invasion capability, but did not affect the growth of CSC-enriched tumor spheres. Subsequently, we found that the ICG-001-induced miR-134 expression resulting in downregulation of integrin β1 (ITGB1). Such downregulation reduced cell adhesion and migration capability, as demonstrated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of ITGB1. Direct targeting of ITGB1 by miR-134 was confirmed by the 3′-UTR luciferase assay. Lastly, using an in vivo lung metastasis assay, we showed that ICG-001 transient overexpression of miR-134 or stable overexpression of miR-134 could significantly reduce the lung metastasis of NPC cells. Taken together, we present here evidence that modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway could inhibit the metastasis of NPC through the miR-134/ITGB1 axis.
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Drug Combinations: A New Strategy to Extend Drug Repurposing and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast and Colon Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020190. [PMID: 35204691 PMCID: PMC8961626 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progressive research and recent advances in drug therapy to treat solid tumours, the number of cases and deaths in patients with cancer is still a major health problem. Drug repurposing coupled to drug combination strategies has been gaining interest among the scientific community. Recently, our group proposed novel drug combinations for breast and colon cancer using repurposed drugs from different classes (antimalarial and central nervous system (CNS)) and chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), paclitaxel (PTX), and found promising results. Here, we proposed a novel drug combination using different CNS drugs and doxorubicin (DOX), an antineoplastic used in breast cancer therapy, and studied their anticancer potential in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cells were treated with each drug alone and combined with increasing concentrations of DOX and cell viability was evaluated by MTT and SRB assays. Studies were also complemented with morphological evaluation. Assessment of drug interaction was performed using the CompuSyn and SynergyFinder software. We also compiled our previously studied drug pairs and selected the most promising ones for evaluation of the expression of EMT biomarkers (E-cadherin, P-cadherin, vimentin, and β-catenin) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess if these drug combinations affect the expression of these proteins and eventually revert EMT. These results demonstrate that combination of DOX plus fluoxetine, benztropine, and thioridazine at their IC50 can improve the anticancer effect of DOX but to a lesser degree than when combined with PTX (previous results), resulting in most of the drug interactions being antagonist or additive. This suggests that the choice of the antineoplastic drug influences the success of the drug combination. Collectively, these results also allow us to conclude that antimalarial drugs as repurposed drugs have enhanced effects in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, while combination with CNS drugs seems to be more effective in HT-29 colon cancer cells. The IHC results demonstrate that combination treatments increase E-cadherin expression while reducing P-cadherin, vimentin, and β-catenin, suggesting that these treatments could induce EMT reversal. Taken together, these results could provide promising approaches to the design of novel drug combinations to treat breast and colon cancer patients.
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Palano MT, Gallazzi M, Cucchiara M, Dehò F, Capogrosso P, Bruno A, Mortara L. The tumor innate immune microenvironment in prostate cancer: an overview of soluble factors and cellular effectors. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:694-718. [PMID: 36338516 PMCID: PMC9630328 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) accounts as the most common non-cutaneous disease affecting males, and as the first cancer, for incidence, in male. With the introduction of the concept of immunoscore, PCa has been classified as a cold tumor, thus driving the attention in the development of strategies aimed at blocking the infiltration/activation of immunosuppressive cells, while favoring the infiltration/activation of anti-tumor immune cells. Even if immunotherapy has revolutionized the approaches to cancer therapy, there is still a window failure, due to the immune cell plasticity within PCa, that can acquire pro-tumor features, subsequent to the tumor microenvironment (TME) capability to polarize them. This review discussed selected relevant soluble factors [transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-23] and cellular components of the innate immunity, as drivers of tumor progression, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis within the PCa-TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Federico Dehò
- Unit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo Capogrosso
- Unit of Urology, ASST-Sette Laghi, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy,Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy,Correspondence: Antonino Bruno,
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy,Lorenzo Mortara, . Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Mao C, Ding Y, Xu N. A Double-Edged Sword Role of Cytokines in Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:688489. [PMID: 34868907 PMCID: PMC8635015 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.688489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies among men and is the second leading cause of cancer death. PC immunotherapy has taken relatively successful steps in recent years, and these treatments are still being developed and tested. Evidence suggests that immunotherapy using cytokines as essential mediators in the immune system may help treat cancer. It has been shown that cytokines play an important role in anti-tumor defense. On the other hand, other cytokines can also favor the tumor and suppress anti-tumor responses. Moreover, the dose of cytokine in cancer cytokine-based immunotherapy, as well as the side effects of high doses, can also affect the outcomes of treatment. Cytokines can also be determinative in the outcome of other immunotherapy methods used in PC. In this review, the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer and their impacts on the main types of immunotherapies in the treatment of PC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nong Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Morais M, Fonseca T, Machado-Neves R, Honavar M, Coelho AR, Lopes J, Barbosa E, Guerreiro E, Carneiro S. Can pretreatment blood biomarkers predict pathological response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer? Future Oncol 2021; 17:4947-4957. [PMID: 34734533 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the value of previously described pretreatment hematological and biochemical biomarkers as predictors of pathological response. Methods: The authors performed a retrospective analysis of 191 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy at two Portuguese centers. The authors performed logistic regression analysis to search for predictive markers of pathological complete and good response. Results: High platelet-neutrophil index (p = 0.042) and clinical tumor stage >2 (p = 0.015) were predictive of poor response. None of the analyzed biomarkers predicted pathological complete response in this study. Conclusion: A high platelet-neutrophil index before neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy could help predict poorer pathological response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. However, no other blood biomarker predicted incomplete or poor response in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Morais
- Surgery Department, Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos
| | - Telma Fonseca
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Ana Rita Coelho
- Pathologic Anatomy Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joanne Lopes
- Pathologic Anatomy Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Barbosa
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Silvestre Carneiro
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal
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Mohammed S, Shamseddine AA, Newcomb B, Chavez RS, Panzner TD, Lee AH, Canals D, Okeoma CM, Clarke CJ, Hannun YA. Sublethal doxorubicin promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer cells: role of Src Family non-receptor tyrosine kinases. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:76. [PMID: 34315513 PMCID: PMC8317414 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (Dox) is a widely used chemotherapy, but its effectiveness is limited by dose-dependent side effects. Although lower Dox doses reduce this risk, studies have reported higher recurrence of local disease with no improvement in survival rate in patients receiving low doses of Dox. To effectively mitigate this, a better understanding of the adverse effects of suboptimal Dox doses is needed. METHODS Effects of sublethal dose of Dox on phenotypic changes were assessed with light and confocal microscopy. Migratory and invasive behavior were assessed by wound healing and transwell migration assays. MTT and LDH release assays were used to analyze cell growth and cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry was employed to detect cell surface markers of cancer stem cell population. Expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases were probed with qRT-PCR and zymogen assay. To identify pathways affected by sublethal dose of Dox, exploratory RNAseq was performed and results were verified by qRT-PCR in multiple cell lines (MCF7, ZR75-1 and U-2OS). Regulation of Src Family kinases (SFK) by key players in DNA damage response was assessed by siRNA knockdown along with western blot and qRT-PCR. Dasatinib and siRNA for Fyn and Yes was employed to inhibit SFKs and verify their role in increased migration and invasion in MCF7 cells treated with sublethal doses of Dox. RESULTS The results show that sublethal Dox treatment leads to increased migration and invasion in otherwise non-invasive MCF7 breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, these effects were independent of the epithelial mesenchymal transition, were not due to increased cancer stem cell population, and were not observed with other chemotherapies. Instead, sublethal Dox induces expression of multiple SFK-including Fyn, Yes, and Src-partly in a p53 and ATR-dependent manner. These effects were validated in multiple cell lines. Functionally, inhibiting SFKs with Dasatinib and specific downregulation of Fyn suppressed Dox-induced migration and invasion of MCF7 cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study demonstrates that sublethal doses of Dox activate a pro-invasive, pro-migration program in cancer cells. Furthermore, by identifying SFKs as key mediators of these effects, our results define a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate local invasion through co-treatment with Dasatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794- 8430, USA
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, MART Level 9, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Hospital Pavilion Level 5, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
| | - Achraf A Shamseddine
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Hospital Pavilion Level 5, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
| | - Benjamin Newcomb
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Hospital Pavilion Level 5, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
| | - Ronald S Chavez
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794- 8430, USA
| | - Tyler D Panzner
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
| | - Allen H Lee
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, MART Level 9, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Hospital Pavilion Level 5, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
| | - Daniel Canals
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, MART Level 9, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Hospital Pavilion Level 5, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
| | - Chioma M Okeoma
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, MART Level 9, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Hospital Pavilion Level 5, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA.
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794- 8430, USA.
- Stony Brook University Cancer Center, MART Level 9, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Health Science Center, Hospital Pavilion Level 5, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA.
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8430, USA.
- The Northport Veterans Affairs Hospital, Northport, NY, 11768, USA.
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13
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Janthamala S, Jusakul A, Kongpetch S, Kimawaha P, Klanrit P, Loilome W, Namwat N, Techasen A. Arctigenin inhibits cholangiocarcinoma progression by regulating cell migration and cell viability via the N-cadherin and apoptosis pathway. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:2049-2059. [PMID: 34283274 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Northeast Thailand has the highest incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the world. The lack of promising diagnostic markers and appropriate therapeutic drugs is the main problem for metastatic stage CCA patients who have a poor prognosis. N-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, is usually upregulated in cancers and has been proposed as an important mediator in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), one of the metastasis processes. Additionally, it has been shown that arctigenin, a seed isolated compound from Arctium lappa, can inhibit cancer cell progression via suppression of N-cadherin pathway. In this study, we investigated the protein expression of N-cadherin and its correlation with clinicopathological data of CCA patients, as well as the impact of arctigenin on KKU-213A and KKU-100 CCA cell lines and its underlying mechanisms. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that high expression of N-cadherin was significantly associated with severe CCA stage (p = 0.027), and shorter survival time (p = 0.002) of CCA patients. The mean overall survival times between low and high expression of N-cadherin were 31.6 and 14.8 months, respectively. Wound healing assays showed that arctigenin significantly inhibited CCA cell migration by downregulating N-cadherin whereas upregulating E-cadherin expression. Immunocytochemical staining revealed that arctigenin suppressed the expression of N-cadherin in both CCA cell lines. Furthermore, flow cytometry and western blot analysis revealed that arctigenin significantly reduced CCA cell viability and induced apoptosis via the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathway. This research supports the use of N-cadherin as a prognostic marker for CCA and arctigenin as a potential alternative therapy for improving CCA treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutthiwan Janthamala
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Apinya Jusakul
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Kongpetch
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Phongsaran Kimawaha
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Poramate Klanrit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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14
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Li G, Liu B, Xu W, Li D, Ji W. Poriaic Acid Affecting Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Apoptosis of A549/DDP Cells via Glycogen Synthesis Kinase-3 β/Snail Signaling Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The paper explored the mechanism of Poriaic acid-containing serum interfering with EMT and apoptosis of A549/DDP cells. The aim is to find experimental evidence of Poriaic acid intervening cisplatin resistance in lung cancer, searching for effective targets, and to
explore the mechanism of cisplatin resistance in lung cancer. Material and methods: Immunochemistry and western blotting were employed to detect the effects of Poriaic acid-containing serum on the expressions of p-GSK-3β (ser9), Snail protein and mRNA in GSK-3β/Snail
signaling pathway, and the effects of Poriaic acid-containing serum on the expressions of EMT markers and related apop-totic factors. Results: The results of immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry rendered that the expressions of p-GSK-3β (ser9), Snail protein and mRNA decreased
in the administration group as contrast to the blank group. As to the effect of Poriaic acid-containing serum on EMT markers, the immunoblotting results showed that the E-cadherin protein and mRNA expressions increased while the expressions of N-cadherin protein and mRNA decreased. Poriaic
acid-containing serum can up-regulate the expressions of P53, Bax protein and mRNA, and down-regulate the expressions of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA. Conclusion: Poriaic acid-containing serum can affect EMT and apoptosis of A549/DDP cells by interfering with GSK-3β/Snail signaling
pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyao Li
- Department of General Medicine, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, 1445 Qianjin Street, Chaoyang District, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, 1445 Qianjin Street, Chaoyang District, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Department of General Medicine, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, 1445 Qianjin Street, Chaoyang District, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Medical, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province,1445 Qianjin Street, Chaoyang District, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of General Medicine, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, 1445 Qianjin Street, Chaoyang District, Qian Wei Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
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15
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Kim Y, Varn FS, Park SH, Yoon BW, Park HR, Lee C, Verhaak RGW, Paek SH. Perspective of mesenchymal transformation in glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:50. [PMID: 33762019 PMCID: PMC7992784 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite aggressive multimodal treatment, glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV primary brain tumor, still portends a poor prognosis with a median overall survival of 12–16 months. The complexity of GBM treatment mainly lies in the inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, which largely contributes to the treatment-refractory and recurrent nature of GBM. By paving the road towards the development of personalized medicine for GBM patients, the cancer genome atlas classification scheme of GBM into distinct transcriptional subtypes has been considered an invaluable approach to overcoming this heterogeneity. Among the identified transcriptional subtypes, the mesenchymal subtype has been found associated with more aggressive, invasive, angiogenic, hypoxic, necrotic, inflammatory, and multitherapy-resistant features than other transcriptional subtypes. Accordingly, mesenchymal GBM patients were found to exhibit worse prognosis than other subtypes when patients with high transcriptional heterogeneity were excluded. Furthermore, identification of the master mesenchymal regulators and their downstream signaling pathways has not only increased our understanding of the complex regulatory transcriptional networks of mesenchymal GBM, but also has generated a list of potent inhibitors for clinical trials. Importantly, the mesenchymal transition of GBM has been found to be tightly associated with treatment-induced phenotypic changes in recurrence. Together, these findings indicate that elucidating the governing and plastic transcriptomic natures of mesenchymal GBM is critical in order to develop novel and selective therapeutic strategies that can improve both patient care and clinical outcomes. Thus, the focus of our review will be on the recent advances in the understanding of the transcriptome of mesenchymal GBM and discuss microenvironmental, metabolic, and treatment-related factors as critical components through which the mesenchymal signature may be acquired. We also take into consideration the transcriptomic plasticity of GBM to discuss the future perspectives in employing selective therapeutic strategies against mesenchymal GBM.
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16
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Greville G, Llop E, Howard J, Madden SF, Perry AS, Peracaula R, Rudd PM, McCann A, Saldova R. 5-AZA-dC induces epigenetic changes associated with modified glycosylation of secreted glycoproteins and increased EMT and migration in chemo-sensitive cancer cells. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:34. [PMID: 33579350 PMCID: PMC7881483 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycosylation, one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications, is altered in cancer and is subject in part, to epigenetic regulation. As there are many epigenetic-targeted therapies currently in clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of cancers, it is important to understand the impact epi-therapeutics have on glycosylation. Results Ovarian and triple negative breast cancer cells were treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-AZA-2-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-dC). Branching and sialylation were increased on secreted N-glycans from chemo-sensitive/non-metastatic cell lines following treatment with 5-AZA-dC. These changes correlated with increased mRNA expression levels in MGAT5 and ST3GAL4 transcripts in ovarian cancer cell lines. Using siRNA transient knock down of GATA2 and GATA3 transcription factors, we show that these regulate the glycosyltransferases ST3GAL4 and MGAT5, respectively. Moreover, 5-AZA-dC-treated cells displayed an increase in migration, with a greater effect seen in chemo-sensitive cell lines. Western blots showed an increase in apoptotic and senescence (p21) markers in all 5-AZA-dC-treated cells. The alterations seen in N-glycans from secreted glycoproteins in 5-AZA-dC-treated breast and ovarian cancer cells were similar to the N-glycans previously known to potentiate tumour cell survival. Conclusions While the FDA has approved epi-therapeutics for some cancer treatments, their global effect is still not fully understood. This study gives insight into the effects that epigenetic alterations have on cancer cell glycosylation, and how this potentially impacts on the overall fate of those cells. Graphic abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Greville
- GlycoScience Group, the National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training (NIBRT), Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co Dublin, Ireland.,College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Esther Llop
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Jane Howard
- College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Antoinette S Perry
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- GlycoScience Group, the National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training (NIBRT), Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Amanda McCann
- College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- GlycoScience Group, the National Institute for Bioprocessing, Research and Training (NIBRT), Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co Dublin, Ireland. .,College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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17
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The utility of high-mobility group A2 overexpression for predicting the prognosis of gastric cancer patients and its contribution to poor prognosis via chemoresistance and the propensity for the occurrence of carcinomatosis peritonei. Surgery 2020; 169:1213-1220. [PMID: 33376002 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to elucidate the correlation of high-mobility group protein A2 overexpression with gastric cancer prognosis and compare its prognostic power with that of pre-existing markers. METHODS Malignant tissues from 396 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy from 2008 to 2012 were examined. High-mobility group protein A2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the sensitivity and specificity for predicting disease progression and overall survival of high-mobility group protein A2 and the prognostic biomarkers p53, Ki-67, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, cyclooxygenase-2, and epidermal growth factor receptor were compared. RESULTS A total of 95 samples (24.1%) showed high-mobility group protein A2 overexpression, which was related to advanced stage, undifferentiated histology, and lymphatic and perineural invasion. Additionally, high-mobility group protein A2 overexpression was an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis for disease progression and overall survival. Based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis disease progression and overall survival, the high-mobility group protein A2-overexpressing patients showed worse survival. The recurrence pattern of peritoneal dissemination was more frequently observed in high-mobility group protein A2-positive group. Moreover, chemoresistance was more frequently observed in the high-mobility group protein A2-positive group. High-mobility group protein A2 exhibited a better ability for predicting disease progression and overall survival than other markers, and the prognostic power was enhanced when high-mobility group protein A2 was used with these markers. CONCLUSION High-mobility group protein A2 overexpression is associated with chemoresistance and a propensity for carcinomatosis peritonei after surgery in patients with gastric cancer. The power to predict the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer can be enhanced with the use of preexisting biomarkers and high-mobility group protein A2.
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18
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Fujii T, Tokuda S, Nakazawa Y, Kurozumi S, Obayashi S, Yajima R, Shirabe K. Eribulin Suppresses New Metastases in Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2020; 34:917-921. [PMID: 32111804 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM This study aimed to investigate the progression type of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in patients undergoing eribulin chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated the cases of 66 consecutive patients with MBC who underwent eribulin chemotherapy. RESULTS A total of 15 patients (22.7%) received eribulin as a 3rd-line or later treatment, and 17 (25.8%) received eribulin as a 1st-line treatment. The overall response was complete response in 0 (0%), partial response in 15 (22.7%), stable disease in 27 (40.9%), and progressive disease in 24 (36.4%) patients. By the time of data cut-off, time to treatment failure (TTF) events had been observed in 60 patients (90.9%), among whom, 15 (25%) had disease progression due to NM, and 45 (75%) had disease progression due to PL. In the regimen before eribulin administration, among 49 patients, 24 (49.0%) had disease progression due to NM. Luminal-type patients and those with triple-negative breast cancer exhibited a similar tendency, i.e., the rate of NM was lower in the patients treated with eribulin. The rate of NM was lower in the patients treated with eribulin in the 1st-line setting than that in patients treated with eribulin as a later treatment. CONCLUSION Eribulin has a potential antitumor mechanism to prevent new metastasis. Eribulin may be effective against both the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and new metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Fujii
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shoko Tokuda
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakazawa
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sasagu Kurozumi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sayaka Obayashi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Reina Yajima
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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19
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Pais RJ. Simulation of multiple microenvironments shows a pivot role of RPTPs on the control of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Biosystems 2020; 198:104268. [PMID: 33068671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a natural and reversible process involved in embryogenesis, wound healing and thought to participate in the process of metastasis. Multiple signals from the microenvironment have been reported to drive EMT. However, the tight control of this process on physiological scenarios and how it is disrupted during cancer progression is not fully understood. Here, we analysed a regulatory network of EMT accounting for 10 key microenvironment signals focusing on the impact of two cell contact signals on the reversibility of EMT and the stability of resulting phenotypes. The analysis showed that the microenvironment is not enough for stabilizing Hybrid and Amoeboid-like phenotypes, requiring intracellular de-regulations as reported during cancer progression. Our simulations demonstrated that RPTP activation by cell contacts have the potential to inhibit the process of EMT and trigger its reversibility under tissue growth and chronic inflammation scenarios. Simulations also showed that hypoxia inhibits the capacity of RPTPs to control EMT. Our analysis further provided a theoretical explanation for the observed correlation between hypoxia and metastasis under chronic inflammation, and predicted that de-regulations in FAT4 signalling may promote Hybrid stabilization. Taken together, we propose a natural control mechanism of EMT that supports the idea that EMT is tightly regulated by the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Jorge Pais
- Centro de investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal; BioenhancerSystems, London, UK.
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20
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Comparing Migratory and Mechanical Properties of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 52:882-891. [PMID: 32816148 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer cells can migrate and metastasize by undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-cancerous, multipotent adult stem cells, which can also migrate. In this study, we wanted to compare the biological, physical, and functional properties of these migratory cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS HT-29 and HCT-116, two human colon carcinoma cell lines, represent less aggressive and more aggressive cancer cells, respectively. MSCs were isolated from human bone marrow. After confirming the identity of all the cell types, they were evaluated for E-cadherin, β1-integrin, Vimentin, ZEB-1, β-catenin, and 18S rRNA using Q-PCR. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were evaluated using gelatin zymography. Functional tests like wound healing assay, migration assay, and invasion assay were also done. Biomechanical properties like cell stiffness and non-specific adhesion (between indenter probe and cell membrane) were evaluated through nanoindentation using atomic force microscopy (AFM). RESULTS Expression of EMT and stem cell markers showed typical expression patterns for HT-29, HCT-116, and MSCs. Functional tests showed that MSCs migrated faster than malignant cells. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity reinforced this behavior. Interestingly, the migration/invasion capacity of MSCs was comparable to aggressive HCT-116, and more than HT-29. MSCs also showed the maximum cell stiffness and non-specific cell-probe adhesions, followed by HCT116 and HT29 cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the migratory properties of MSCs is comparable or even greater than that of cancer cells and despite their high migration potential, they also have the maximum stiffness.
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21
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Greville G, Llop E, Huang C, Creagh-Flynn J, Pfister S, O'Flaherty R, Madden SF, Peracaula R, Rudd PM, McCann A, Saldova R. Hypoxia Alters Epigenetic and N-Glycosylation Profiles of Ovarian and Breast Cancer Cell Lines in-vitro. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1218. [PMID: 32850359 PMCID: PMC7405916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glycosylation is one of the most fundamental post-translational modifications. Importantly, glycosylation is altered in many cancers. These alterations have been proven to impact on tumor progression and to promote tumor cell survival. From the literature, it is known that there is a clear link between chemoresistance and hypoxia, hypoxia and epigenetics and more recently glycosylation and epigenetics. Methods and Results: Our objective was to investigate these differential parameters, in an in vitro model of ovarian and breast cancer. Ovarian (A2780, A2780cis, PEO1, PEO4) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-436) cells were exposed to differential hypoxic conditions (0.5-2% O2) and compared to normoxia (21% O2). Results demonstrated that in hypoxic conditions some significant changes in glycosylation on the secreted N-glycans from the ovarian and breast cancer cell lines were observed. These included, alterations in oligomannosylated, bisected glycans, glycans with polylactosamine extensions, in branching, galactosylation and sialylation in all cell lines except for PEO1. In general, hypoxia exposed ovarian and TNBC cells also displayed increased epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migration, with a greater effect seen in the 0.5% hypoxia exposed samples compared to 1 and 2% hypoxia (p ≤ 0.05). SiRNA transient knock down of GATA2/3 transcription factors resulted in a decrease in the expression of glycosyltransferases ST3GAL4 and MGAT5, which are responsible for sialylation and branching, respectively. Conclusions: These glycan changes are known to be integral to cancer cell survival and metastases, suggesting a possible mechanism of action, linking GATA2 and 3, and invasiveness of both ovarian and TNBC cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Greville
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Esther Llop
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Biochemistry of Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Chengnan Huang
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jack Creagh-Flynn
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Pfister
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roisin O'Flaherty
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen F Madden
- Data Science Centre, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosa Peracaula
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Biochemistry of Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland.,Analytics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Astar, Singapore
| | - Amanda McCann
- UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Radka Saldova
- GlycoScience Group, The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training (NIBRT), Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science (CHAS), University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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23
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Navas T, Kinders RJ, Lawrence SM, Ferry-Galow KV, Borgel S, Hollingshead MG, Srivastava AK, Alcoser SY, Makhlouf HR, Chuaqui R, Wilsker DF, Konaté MM, Miller SB, Voth AR, Chen L, Vilimas T, Subramanian J, Rubinstein L, Kummar S, Chen AP, Bottaro DP, Doroshow JH, Parchment RE. Clinical Evolution of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Carcinomas. Cancer Res 2020; 80:304-318. [PMID: 31732654 PMCID: PMC8170833 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The significance of the phenotypic plasticity afforded by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for cancer progression and drug resistance remains to be fully elucidated in the clinic. We evaluated epithelial-mesenchymal phenotypic characteristics across a range of tumor histologies using a validated, high-resolution digital microscopic immunofluorescence assay (IFA) that incorporates β-catenin detection and cellular morphology to delineate carcinoma cells from stromal fibroblasts and that quantitates the individual and colocalized expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin (E) and the mesenchymal marker vimentin (V) at subcellular resolution ("EMT-IFA"). We report the discovery of β-catenin+ cancer cells that coexpress E-cadherin and vimentin in core-needle biopsies from patients with various advanced metastatic carcinomas, wherein these cells are transitioning between strongly epithelial and strongly mesenchymal-like phenotypes. Treatment of carcinoma models with anticancer drugs that differ in their mechanism of action (the tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib in MKN45 gastric carcinoma xenografts and the combination of tubulin-targeting agent paclitaxel with the BCR-ABL inhibitor nilotinib in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer xenografts) caused changes in the tumor epithelial-mesenchymal character. Moreover, the appearance of partial EMT or mesenchymal-like carcinoma cells in MDA-MB-468 tumors treated with the paclitaxel-nilotinib combination resulted in upregulation of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and susceptibility to FAK inhibitor. A metastatic prostate cancer patient treated with the PARP inhibitor talazoparib exhibited similar CSC marker upregulation. Therefore, the phenotypic plasticity conferred on carcinoma cells by EMT allows for rapid adaptation to cytotoxic or molecularly targeted therapy and could create a form of acquired drug resistance that is transient in nature. SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the role of EMT in metastasis and drug resistance, no standardized assessment of EMT phenotypic heterogeneity in human carcinomas exists; the EMT-IFA allows for clinical monitoring of tumor adaptation to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Navas
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert J Kinders
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Scott M Lawrence
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Katherine V Ferry-Galow
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Suzanne Borgel
- In Vivo Evaluation Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Apurva K Srivastava
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Sergio Y Alcoser
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hala R Makhlouf
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rodrigo Chuaqui
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah F Wilsker
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Mariam M Konaté
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah B Miller
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrea Regier Voth
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Li Chen
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Tomas Vilimas
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jyothi Subramanian
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Shivaani Kummar
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alice P Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ralph E Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.
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Mäkitie AA, Almangush A, Rodrigo JP, Ferlito A, Leivo I. Hallmarks of cancer: Tumor budding as a sign of invasion and metastasis in head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2019; 41:3712-3718. [PMID: 31328847 DOI: 10.1002/hed.25872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are hallmarks of cancer. The concept of tumor budding at tumor-host interface has been documented in many carcinomas. A growing body of evidence indicates that tumor budding is a sign of invasion and early step for metastasis of many epithelial cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In addition, recent research has underlined the importance of tumor budding as a promising prognosticator in HNSCC. This review summarizes the findings regarding tumor budding in HNSCC and focuses on the role of tumor budding in invasion and metastasis. Also, we highlight the prognostic significance of tumor budding in HNSCC and its potential for improving clinical decision making in terms of recommending optimal individualized treatment for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alhadi Almangush
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Institute of Dentistry, University of Misurata, Misurata, Libya
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, ISPA, IUOPA, CIBERONC, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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25
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Sun J, Ji G, Xie J, Jiao Z, Zhang H, Chen J. Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 is associated with tumor invasion and migration in endometrial carcinomas. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:11172-11189. [PMID: 30714206 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 1 (STEAP1), a member of the STEAP family, is a general tumor antigen. However, no information has been available to date regarding the function of STEAP1 in the progression of endometrial carcinoma. In this study, we used in vitro and in vivo strategies to prove that STEAP1 plays an important role in the progression of endometrial carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of STEAP1 in normal endometrial cells and endometrial cancer cell lines. The progression of the cell cycle, plate clone formation assay, and transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to examine the effects of STEAP1 on cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, and their invasive capacity. In addition, we confirmed that STEAP1 was tightly correlated with the development of tumor in vivo. The relationship between epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and STEAP1 expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) zymography assay was used to detect the activities of MMP2 and MMP9. STEAP1 was restrictively expressed in endometrial carcinoma and downregulation of the STEAP1 gene increased proliferation and clonogenicity, as well as promoted cell migration, invasion, and the progress of EMT. STEAP1 is downregulated in endometrial carcinoma and can restrict migration and invasion of endometrial carcinoma cells. Overall, STEAP1 may be an ideal target for tumor therapy and diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Sun
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxin Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi Jiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haozheng Zhang
- Research Institute of Pediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Zhang J, Li K, Zhang Y, Lu R, Wu S, Tang J, Xia Y, Sun J. Deletion of sorting nexin 27 suppresses proliferation in highly aggressive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:555. [PMID: 31182056 PMCID: PMC6558813 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorting Nexin 27 (SNX27) belongs to a family of sortin nexins and possesses a unique binding domain at the C-terminus which mediates protein-protein interaction in intracellular trafficking, membrane remodeling, organelle motility, and tight junctions. However, its role in cancer development, especially in vivo, remains largely unknown. METHODS We have generated a stable SNX27 knockdown clone in a highly aggressive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 using an inducible lentiviral shRNA system. Cell migration and proliferation of SNX27 knockdown (KD) cells were compared with wild-type (WT) cells by MTT and wound healing assay, respectively. The differences in colony formation between SNX27-KD and WT cells were detected by soft agar culture and matrigel 3D culture. Furthermore, tumor growth was examined in a xenograft nude mouse model using SNX27-KD and WT MDA-MB-231 cells. The critical EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) regulators were examined in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The wound healing assay showed that SNX27 knockdown significantly decreased cell motility and proliferation. Colony formation in soft agar showed that the SNX27 knockdown cells formed significantly fewer and smaller colonies than the parental MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blots and immunostaining showed that knockdown of SNX27 led to increased expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins, which facilitate adhesion formation and reverse EMT. EMT is a cellular program that allows polarized, immotile epithelial cells to convert to motile mesenchymal cells, promoting carcinoma invasion. The expression levels of Vimentin, the transcription factor of EMT, and tight junction protein Claudin-5, were significantly diminished in the SNX27 knockdown cells. The expression of PCNA, the cell proliferation marker, was increased in SNX27-KD cells transfected with E-cadherin siRNA. In a xenograft nude mouse model, we found that knockdown of SNX27 significantly inhibited tumor growth. The tumors from mice with SNX27-KD cells showed less proliferation compared to tumors from mice injected with wildtype cells. The increase in E-cadherin and β-catenin and decrease in Vimentin and Claudin-5 were observed in tumors of mice injected with SNX27-KD cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data have demonstrated that SNX27 plays a crucial role in tumor growth in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kendy Li
- Liberal Arts & Human Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Yongguo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shaoping Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jingrong Tang
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S Wood Street, Room 704 CSB, MC716, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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27
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Clinical significance of epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related markers expression in the micrometastatic sentinel lymph node of NSCLC. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:381-391. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Saltanatpour Z, Johari B, Alizadeh A, Lotfinia M, Majidzadeh-A K, Nikbin B, Kadivar M. Enrichment of cancer stem-like cells by the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition using lentiviral vector carrying E-cadherin shRNA in HT29 cell line. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22935-22946. [PMID: 31111504 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of cancer stem cells (CSCs) may facilitate the prevention and treatment of cancers. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process activated during invasion and metastasis of tumors. EMT induction in normal and tumor cells makes them more resistant to chemotherapy. E-cadherin is a membrane protein and plays a role in tumor invasion, metastasis, and prognosis. Downregulation of E-cadherin is a hallmark of EMT. Here, we created a model of cancer stem-like cells enrichment via EMT induction using E-cadherin downregulation in HT29 cell line using a lentiviral vector carrying shRNA. We aimed to evaluate cancer and anti-CSC chemotherapeutics screening. The markers of EMT and CSCs were assessed and compared with control cells using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, immunocytochemistry, western blot, migration assay, invasion assay, and colony formation assay. The transduced cells showed a mesenchymal morphology. High levels of EMT-related proteins were also expressed. These results confirmed that the transduced cells underwent EMT. In addition, we observed an increased population of E-cadherin-downregulated HT29 cell line among the cells expressing colon CSC markers (CD133+ and CD44+ ) after EMT induction. E-cadherin-downregulated cells were morphologically like mesenchymal cells, and the number of CD133+ - and CD44+ -cells (CSC-like cells) increased. These cells can be used as stable models to study cancer cells and screening of antitumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Saltanatpour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Akram Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Lotfinia
- Core Research Lab, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Nikbin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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29
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McLean-Holden AC, Bishop JA, Kessler HP, Myers LL, Radwan AM, Wildey TC, Wright JM, Cheng YSL. Spindle-cell variant of ameloblastic carcinoma: a report of 3 cases and demonstration of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor progression. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:e113-e121. [PMID: 30928327 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2019.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm that demonstrates the histologic characteristics of ameloblastoma, accompanied by the cytologic features of malignancy. The spindle-cell variant of ameloblastic carcinoma (SCAC) is exceptionally rare, with a total of 10 cases having been reported in the literature to date. Histologically, a prominent sarcomatoid cell population appears to originate from the epithelial (ameloblastic) component. Like conventional ameloblastic carcinoma, most cases of SCAC occur in individuals older than 40 years of age. Here, 3 additional cases of SCAC are reported, 2 of which occurred in young individuals. Diagnostic criteria to aid in the identification of SCAC are proposed. Finally, histologic and immunohistochemical evidence supporting the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in SCAC is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C McLean-Holden
- Resident, Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Justin A Bishop
- Director of Surgical Pathology and Head & Neck Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Harvey P Kessler
- Professor, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Larry L Myers
- Associate Professor, Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alaaaldin M Radwan
- Resident, Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tyler C Wildey
- Resident, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John M Wright
- Regents Professor, Head, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yi-Shing Lisa Cheng
- Professor, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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30
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Chen X, Jiang C, Yang D, Sun R, Wang M, Sun H, Xu M, Zhou L, Chen M, Xie P, Yan B, Liu Q, Zhao C. CRB2 mutation causes autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa. Exp Eye Res 2018; 180:164-173. [PMID: 30593785 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the most common form of inherited retinal dystrophies, exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity. The crumbs homolog 2 (CRB2) protein, together with CRB1 and CRB3, belongs to the Crumbs family. Given that CRB1 mutations account for 4% of RP cases, the role of CRB2 mutations in RP etiology has long been hypothesized but never confirmed. Herein, we report the identification of CRB2 as a novel RP causative gene in a Chinese consanguineous family and have analyzed its pathogenic effects. Comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic evaluations confirmed the clinical diagnosis of the two patients in this family as RP. WES revealed a homozygous missense mutation, CRB2 p.R1249G, to segregate the RP phenotype, which was highly conserved among multiple species. In vitro cellular study revealed that this mutation not only interrupted the stability of the transcribed CRB2 mRNA and the encoded CRB2 protein, but also interfered with the wild type CRB2 mRNA/protein and decreased their expression. This mutation was also shown to trigger epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, thus impairing regular RPE phagocytosis and induce RPE degeneration and apoptosis. Thus, we conclude that CRB2 p.R1249G mutation causes RP via accelerating EMT, dysfunction and loss of RPE cells, and establish CRB2 as a novel Crumbs family member associated with non-syndromic RP. We provide important hints for understanding of CRB2 defects and retinopathy, and for the involvement of EMT of RPE cells in RP pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200023, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Daidi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ruxu Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200023, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 211406, China
| | - Luyin Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Mingkang Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Biao Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200023, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200023, China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200023, China; Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry (Fudan University) and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, 200023, China.
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31
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Yu CY, Chang WC, Zheng JH, Hung WH, Cho EC. Transforming growth factor alpha promotes tumorigenesis and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition modulation in colon cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:901-906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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32
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Choi KM, Cho E, Kim E, Shin JH, Kang M, Kim B, Han EH, Chung YH, Kim JY. Prolonged MEK inhibition leads to acquired resistance and increased invasiveness in KRAS mutant gastric cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:311-318. [PMID: 30466782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-associated death. However, traditional therapeutic strategies have failed to significantly improve the survival of patient with advanced GC. While KRAS mutations have been found in some patients with gastric cancer, an effective therapy to treat KRAS-driven gastric cancer has not been established yet. To provide a rationale for clinical application of kinase inhibitors targeting RAS pathways, we first determined the sensitivity of GC cell lines harboring KRAS mutations or amplification to RAS pathway inhibitors. We found that MAPK pathway inhibitors (MEKi and ERKi) were more effective than AKT inhibitor, suggesting that KRAS-driven gastric cancer cells are dependent on MAPK pathway for survival. Further, we established a KRAS mutant GC cell line with acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors in order to mimic clinical situation of kinase inhibitor resistance. A comprehensive analysis of tyrosine phosphorylation in receptor tyrosine kinases in combination with small molecule chemical library screening revealed upregulated c-MET phosphorylation in this resistance cell line with elevated sensitivity to c-MET TKI (crizotinib) and PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor (BEZ235). We also showed that migration and invasion of resistant cells were promoted, and crizotinib and BEZ235 could inhibit this malignant phenotype. Overall, our results indicate that prolonged MAPK pathway inhibition could result in acquired resistance which is associated with increased malignant phenotype in KRAS mutant GC and pharmacological targeting c-MET and PI3K/mTOR could overcome this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Min Choi
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cho
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jong Hwan Shin
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Chung
- Division of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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33
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Wang Y, Liu S, Tian Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Meng X, Song N. Prognostic role of galectin-3 expression in patients with solid tumors: a meta-analysis of 36 eligible studies. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:172. [PMID: 30410421 PMCID: PMC6215616 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0668-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Galectin-3 as a β-galactoside-binding protein, has been found to be involved in tumor cell growth, anti-apoptosis, adhesion, angiogenesis, invasion, and distant metastases, indicating that it may play a pivotal role in cancer development and progression. However, their results remain debatable and inconclusive. Hence, this meta-analysis was performed to clarify the precise predictive value of galectin-3 in various cancers. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched comprehensively for eligible studies up to July 15, 2018. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of OS or DFS/PFS/RFS were calculated to demonstrate their associations. Results A total of 36 relevant studies were ultimately enrolled in this meta-analysis. Our results shed light on the significant association of elevated galectin-3 expression with reduced OS or DFS/RFS/PFS in overall cancer patients (pooled HR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.42–2.27, I2= 67.3%, p < 0.01; pooled HR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.04–2.37, I2= 67.1%, p = 0.001). In tumor type subgroup analysis, we found high expression of galectin-3 was correlated with shorter OS or DFS/RFS/PFS in colorectal cancer (pooled HR = 3.05, 95% CI 2.13–4.35, I2= 0.0%, p = 0.734; pooled HR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.82–3.41, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.738; respectively) and meanwhile it merely associated with reduced OS in ovarian cancer or non-small cell lung cancer (pooled HR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.38–3.64, I2= 0.0%, p = 0.910; pooled HR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.48–2.88, I2= 0.0%, p = 0.563; separately). Conclusions Taken together, our results suggested that galectin-3 played an oncogenic role in colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer, indicating it could be a promising biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for them. Further studies were warranted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Yamin Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Qijie Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Xianghu Meng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
| | - Ninghong Song
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 Jiangsu China
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Policicchio A, Mercier J, Digklia A, Voutsadakis IA. Platelet and Neutrophil Counts as Predictive Markers of Neoadjuvant Therapy Efficacy in Rectal Cancer. J Gastrointest Cancer 2018; 50:894-900. [PMID: 30353366 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-018-0173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate pretreatment platelet and neutrophil counts as well as a combined platelet-neutrophil (PN) index for prognostic information in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma that received neoadjuvant treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS Charts from 164 patients with localized rectal adenocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed, and 112 patients with complete data were included in the study. Patients were stratified in groups according to their neutrophil counts, platelet counts, and a combined platelet/neutrophil (PN) index. Baseline parameters of the groups were compared using the x2 test. Pathologic responses on the surgical specimen of patients with lower platelet counts (≤ 350 × 109/L), lower neutrophil counts (≤ 7.5 × 109/L), and a lower PN index were compared with those of patients with higher platelet counts (> 350 × 109/L), higher neutrophil counts (> 7.5 × 109/L), and a higher PN index using the x2 test. Kaplan-Meier curves of overall and progression free survival were constructed and compared with the log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 33 (29.5%) patients belonged to the high-PN index group, and 79 (70.9%) patients belonged to the low-PN index group. A significant difference was present between the two groups with regard to pathologic response. Patients with both high platelet and high neutrophil counts were less likely to have a complete pathologic response than those in the low-PN index group (P = 0.039). Additionally, tumor location and tumor stage were significantly associated with complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment. Patients with a complete response were more likely to present with a low tumor (≤ 5 cm from the anal verge). Likewise, patients diagnosed with stage II disease were more likely to experience complete response than those diagnosed with stage III (x2 test P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in overall and progression free survival between the two platelet groups (log-rank P = 0.73 and 0.40, respectively) and the two PN index groups (log-rank P = 0.92 and 0.43, respectively). CONCLUSION In this retrospective analysis, the combination of higher platelet and neutrophil counts at the time of diagnosis had predictive value with respect to complete pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnnaLee Policicchio
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Joey Mercier
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Antonia Digklia
- University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada.
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, 750 Great Northern Road, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6B0A8, Canada.
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Choe C, Kim H, Min S, Park S, Seo J, Roh S. SOX2, a stemness gene, induces progression of NSCLC A549 cells toward anchorage-independent growth and chemoresistance to vinblastine. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6197-6207. [PMID: 30288055 PMCID: PMC6163012 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s175810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is difficult to treat successfully. This intractability is mainly due to the cancer progressing through invasion, metastasis, chemotherapeutic resistance and relapse. Stemness has been linked to the various steps of cancer progression in a variety of tumors, yet little is known regarding its role in NSCLC. Purpose In this study, we sought to determine the role of SOX2, a master regulator of pluripotency, in the growth of extracellular matrix (ECM)-detached cells during cancer progression. Methods We established a three-dimensional (3D) Poly-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (poly-HEMA) culture of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) A549 cells as an ECM-detached cell growth model and examined the role of stemness genes using siRNA and small molecule inhibitor in comparison to standard two dimensional (2D) culture. Results In poly-HEMA culture, A549 cells formed substratum-detached spheroids with characteristics of intermediate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and exhibited greater expression of SOX2 than did control 2D cells. Knockdown of SOX2 markedly suppressed the growth of A549 cell aggregates in poly-HEMA culture conditions and furthermore increased their sensitivity to the anticancer drug vinblastine with concomitant downregulation of the activity of the anti-apoptotic AKT kinase. Interestingly, a small molecule, RepSox, which replaces SOX2, stimulated A549 cell growth in poly-HEMA 3D culture condition. Conclusion Our findings strongly indicate that SOX2 contributes to anchorage-independent growth and chemoresistance via its downstream signaling mediator AKT kinase during the disease progression of NSCLC. SOX2 may therefore be an invaluable therapeutic target of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungyoul Choe
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Sol Min
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
| | - Sangkyu Park
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, .,Biomedical Research Institute, NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Seo
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, .,Biomedical Research Institute, NeoRegen Biotech Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sangho Roh
- Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,
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Wang M, Hu Y, Yu T, Ma X, Wei X, Wei Y. Pan-HER-targeted approach for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, recent advances and clinical prospect. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:113-130. [PMID: 30218688 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor family is composed of 4 structurally related receptor tyrosine kinases that are involved in many human cancers. The efficacy and safety of HER inhibitors have been compared in a wide range of clinical trials, suggesting the superior inhibitory ability of multiple- HER-targeting blockade compared with single receptor antagonists. However, many patients are currently resistant to current therapeutic treatment and novel strategies are warranted to conquer the resistance. Thus, we performed a critical review to summarize the molecular involvement of HER family receptors in tumour progression, recent anti-HER drug development based on clinical trials, and the potential resistance mechanisms of anti-HER therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Hu
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ting Yu
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Lab of Aging Research and Nanotoxicology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
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Dermani FK, Amini R, Saidijam M, Pourjafar M, Saki S, Najafi R. Zerumbone inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells properties by inhibiting the β-catenin pathway through miR-200c. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9538-9547. [PMID: 29943808 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal and rampant human malignancies in the world. Zerumbone, a sesquiterpene isolated from subtropical ginger, has been found to exhibit an antitumor effect in various cancer types. However, the effect of Zerumbone on the biological properties of CRC, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the inhibitory action of Zerumbone on the EMT process, CSC markers, and the β-catenin signaling pathway in the presence or absence of miR-200c. The effect of Zerumbone on HCT-116 and SW-48 cells viability was examined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The effects of Zerumbone on EMT-related genes, CSCs markers, cell migration, invasion, sphere-forming, and β-catenin signaling pathway were explored. To evaluate the role of miR-200c in anticancer effects by Zerumbone, miR-200c was downregulated by LNA-anti-miR-200c. Zerumbone significantly inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion, and sphere-forming potential in HCT-116 and SW-48 cell lines. Zerumbone significantly suppressed the EMT and CSC properties as well as downregulated the β-catenin. Silencing of miR200c reduced the inhibitory effects of Zerumbone on EMT and CSCs in CRC cells. These data indicated that Zerumbone may be a promising candidate for reducing the risk of CRC progression by suppressing the β-catenin pathway via miR-200c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karimi Dermani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Razieh Amini
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mona Pourjafar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Saki
- Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rezvan Najafi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Toth L, Nagy B, Mehes G, Laszlo E, Molnar PP, Poka R, Hernadi Z. Cell adhesion molecule profiles, proliferation activity and p53 expression in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer induced malignant ascites-Correlation of tissue microarray and cytology microarray. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:978-985. [PMID: 29801775 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peritoneal dissemination accompanied by ascites formation is common in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Adhesion molecules are crucial in metastatic spread and the latter involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study aimed at: (1) clarifying whether E-cadherin and β-catenin expression and proliferative activity in metastatic ovarian cancer are inter-related; (2) Identifying possible correlations between cell adhesion molecular expression profiles, the proliferative activity and p53 expression of tumor cells and tumor grade and stage; (3) testing the cytology microarray (CMA) technique in analyzing metastasis formation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Both tumorous and ascitic samples from 27 EOC patients were examined by using tissue microarray (TMA) and cytology microarray (CMA), respectively. CMA blocks were constructed using cores from each cell block of the ascitic specimens. Expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, Ki-67 and p53 was immunohistochemically detected both in TMA and CMA blocks. RESULTS E-cadherin expression was higher in ascitic cells than in primary tumor cells (p = .294). β-catenin expression was significantly lower in ascitic cells than in primary tumor cells (p = .006). Expression of Ki-67 was lower and expression of p53 was higher in primary tumors than in ascitic cells, for p53 the difference was significant (p = .001). Both Ki-67 and p53 expression elevated significantly in high-grade primary tumor cells and in ascites cells (p = .039, and p = .004, respectively). CONCLUSION Epithelial-mesenchymal transition- mesenchymal-epithelial transition is suggested as the best descriptive term for our IHC observations which accompany increased proliferative activity of ascitic cells. The CMA method is an adequate and reliable method for the analysis of ascitic tumor cells disseminating from ovarian malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Toth
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Bence Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gabor Mehes
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Laszlo
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Peter Pal Molnar
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Robert Poka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Hernadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Centre, University of Debrecen, Hungary
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Stuelten CH, Parent CA, Montell DJ. Cell motility in cancer invasion and metastasis: insights from simple model organisms. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:296-312. [PMID: 29546880 PMCID: PMC6790333 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2018.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis remains the greatest challenge in the clinical management of cancer. Cell motility is a fundamental and ancient cellular behaviour that contributes to metastasis and is conserved in simple organisms. In this Review, we evaluate insights relevant to human cancer that are derived from the study of cell motility in non-mammalian model organisms. Dictyostelium discoideum, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and Danio rerio permit direct observation of cells moving in complex native environments and lend themselves to large-scale genetic and pharmacological screening. We highlight insights derived from each of these organisms, including the detailed signalling network that governs chemotaxis towards chemokines; a novel mechanism of basement membrane invasion; the positive role of E-cadherin in collective direction-sensing; the identification and optimization of kinase inhibitors for metastatic thyroid cancer on the basis of work in flies; and the value of zebrafish for live imaging, especially of vascular remodelling and interactions between tumour cells and host tissues. While the motility of tumour cells and certain host cells promotes metastatic spread, the motility of tumour-reactive T cells likely increases their antitumour effects. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying all types of cell motility, with the ultimate goal of identifying combination therapies that will increase the motility of beneficial cells and block the spread of harmful cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H. Stuelten
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carole A. Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Michigan Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- ;
| | - Denise J. Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- ;
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Gao SJ, Chen L, Lu W, Zhang L, Wang L, Zhu HH. miR-888 functions as an oncogene and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:9101-9109. [PMID: 29928331 PMCID: PMC6004656 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of tumor formation, progression and metastasis. The present study characterized a novel miRNA (miR)-888, as a potent oncomiR in human colorectal cancer (CRC). The clinicopathological investigation on 126 cases of CRC patients demonstrated that the expression level of miR-888 was significantly upregulated in tumors compared with adjacent healthy tissue, and was associated with tumor stage and histological differentiation. A Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test demonstrated that CRC patients with increased miR-888 expression exhibited a decreased overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with patients with low miR-888 expression. Further univariate and multivariate analyses identified miR-888 as an independent prognostic factor for poor survival outcome in CRC patients. To determine the biological role of miR-888 in human CRC, in vitro Cell Counting kit-8, wound healing and transwell assays were performed and demonstrated that miR-888 contributed greatly to CRC cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, potential targets of miR-888 were investigated using a luciferase reporter assay, followed by polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The findings revealed that miR-888 directly bound to the 3′-untranslated region of mothers against decapentaplegic-4 and thus inhibited its expression and promoted the tumor growth factor-1-induced cancer metastasis signaling. The results of the present study identified miR-888 as an oncogenic miRNA in CRC and provide a foundation for promising research in the future regarding this predictive and prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jun Gao
- Digestive Department of Subei People's Hospital, Clinical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Digestive Department of Subei People's Hospital, Clinical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Digestive Department of Subei People's Hospital, Clinical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Digestive Department of Subei People's Hospital, Clinical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Digestive Department of Subei People's Hospital, Clinical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Hang Zhu
- Digestive Department of Subei People's Hospital, Clinical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, P.R. China
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Izuhara K, Yamaguchi Y, Ohta S, Nunomura S, Nanri Y, Azuma Y, Nomura N, Noguchi Y, Aihara M. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen 2 (SCCA2, SERPINB4): An Emerging Biomarker for Skin Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1102. [PMID: 29642409 PMCID: PMC5979376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma antigens 1 and 2 (SCCA1 and 2, SERPIN B3 and B4), members of the ovalbumin serpin (ov-serpin)/clade B serpin family, were originally discovered as tumor-specific antigens and are used as tumor markers for various kinds of squamous cell carcinomas. Recently, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of how SCCA1/2 enhance tumor growth has greatly increased. Moreover, it has been shown that SCCA1/2 are involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases: asthma, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis (AD). IL-22 and IL-17, signature cytokines of type 17 inflammation, as well as IL-4 and IL-13, signature cytokines of type 2 inflammation, both of which are positively correlated with the pathogenesis of psoriasis and allergic diseases, respectively, can induce expression of SCCA1/2 in airway epithelial cells and/or keratinocytes, leading to high expression of SCCA1/2 in these diseases. Based on these findings, several trials have been performed to examine the potential of applying SCCA1/2 to biomarkers for these diseases. The findings show that SCCA2 is useful to aid diagnosis, estimate clinical severity and disease type, and assess responses to treatment in psoriasis and AD. These results suggest that SCCA2 has emerged as a novel biomarker for skin inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Yukie Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Shoichiro Ohta
- Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa 831-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Nanri
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
| | | | | | | | - Michiko Aihara
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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Yin X, Fang S, Wang M, Wang Q, Fang R, Chen J. EFEMP1 promotes ovarian cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis via activated the AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47938-47953. [PMID: 27351229 PMCID: PMC5216990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
EFEMP1, a kind of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, has been suggested to correlate with the development of different types of carcinoma. However, its functions in ovarian cancer remain unclear. In our study, we performed cDNA microarray analysis and identified EFEMP1 dramatically elevated in the highly invasive subclone, compared with the low invasive subclone. Lentivirus transfection experiments were constructed afterwards. The results demonstrated that knockdown of EFEMP1 significantly inhibited ovarian cancer cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/G0 phase. We also found that decreased the activity of phospho-AKT could suppress cell invasion and metastasis. Meanwhile, the increased phospho-AKT activity induced by the overexpression of EFEMP1 had significantly enhanced the abilities of ovarian cancer cells to invade and migrate. In addition, the vivo nude mice model confirmed that EFEMP1 was tightly correlated with the development of tumor. The results of RT2 Profiler EMT PCR array further indicated that decreased EFEMP1 suppressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Collectively, by activating AKT signaling pathway, EFEMP1 contributed to ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis as a positive regulator. Overall, EFEMP1 had showed the potential use in the development of new therapeutic strategies for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.,The No.1 People's Hospital of Jining, Jining 272000, China
| | - Shuang Fang
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Georgetown, Washington D.C, 20057, USA
| | - Mei Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Hospital affiliated to Jilin University, Jilin, 130000, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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O'Flanagan CH, O'Shea S, Lyons A, Fogarty FM, McCabe N, Kennedy RD, O'Connor R. IGF-1R inhibition sensitizes breast cancer cells to ATM-related kinase (ATR) inhibitor and cisplatin. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56826-56841. [PMID: 27472395 PMCID: PMC5302955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the IGF-1 signalling axis is clearly a roadblock in targeting this receptor in cancer therapy. Here, we sought to identify mediators of resistance, and potential co-targets for IGF-1R inhibition. By using an siRNA functional screen with the IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) BMS-754807 in MCF-7 cells we identified several genes encoding components of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways as mediators of resistance to IGF-1R kinase inhibition. These included ATM and Ataxia Telangiectasia and RAD3-related kinase (ATR). We also observed a clear induction of DDR in cells that were exposed to IGF-1R TKIs (BMS-754807 and OSI-906) as indicated by accumulation of γ-H2AX, and phosphorylated Chk1. Combination of the IGF-1R/IR TKIs with an ATR kinase inhibitor VE-821 resulted in additive to synergistic cytotoxicity compared to either drug alone. In MCF-7 cells with stably acquired resistance to the IGF-1R TKI (MCF-7-R), DNA damage was also observed, and again, dual inhibition of the ATR kinase and IGF-1R/IR kinase resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity. Interestingly, dual inhibition of ATR and IGF-1R was more effective in MCF-7-R cells than parental cells. IGF-1R TKIs also potentiated the effects of cisplatin in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Overall, our findings identify induction of DDR by IGF-1R kinase inhibition as a rationale for co-targeting the IGF-1R with ATR kinase inhibitors or cisplatin, particularly in cells with acquired resistance to TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara H O'Flanagan
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sandra O'Shea
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amy Lyons
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionola M Fogarty
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nuala McCabe
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Rosemary O'Connor
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Gao T, Ma C, Li Y, Ju J, Kang X, Cai Y, Sun M. High Expression of Prospero-Related Homeobox-1 (PROX1) Is Associated With Poor Prognosis in Patients With Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2018; 76:1440-1446. [PMID: 29406257 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prospero-related homeobox-1 (PROX1) plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of many human cancers. However, the expression pattern of PROX1 in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate PROX1 expression and its prognostic value in SACC. MATERIALS AND METHODS PROX1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in SACC tissue specimens. Correlations between PROX1 expression and clinicopathologic features were investigated. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the correlation between PROX1 expression and survival. Independent prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS The IHC data showed that the PROX1 positivity rate in SACC tissue specimens was significantly higher than that in normal salivary gland tissues (71.1 vs 13.3%; P < .05). PROX1 expression was detected mainly in the nucleolus. In addition, PROX1 expression was correlated with perineural invasion, local regional recurrence, and distant metastasis of patients with SACC (P < .05), and no significant association was found between PROX1 expression and other clinicopathologic parameters. Data indicated that patients with positive PROX1 expression had poor OS compared with those with negative PROX1 expression (P = .0005). Multivariate analysis showed that PROX1 expression, local regional recurrence, and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors for OS. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that PROX1 expression was statistically higher in SACC specimens. Positive expression of PROX1 might serve as a potential predictor of prognosis in SACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gao
- Attending Physician, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Hospital of Yulin, Stomatological Hospital of Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Resident, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Li
- Resident, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ju
- Resident, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Xi'an; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Kang
- Resident, Department of Pediatrics, The First Hospital of Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanlin Cai
- Resident, Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Hospital of Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Moyi Sun
- Professor, State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Wang D, Rai B, Qi F, Liu T, Wang J, Wang X, Ma B. Influence of the Twist gene on the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:31-44. [PMID: 29115546 PMCID: PMC5783602 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of the Twist gene in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its effects on the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. In vitro, we transfected SW480, HCT116 and HT29 cells with recombinant plasmids, pTracer-CMV/BSD-Twist and pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA, to influence expression of Twist. The transfection efficacy of the plasmids in the cell lines was confirmed by flow cytometry. The relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Twist, E-cadherin and vimentin in the transfected cells were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. In addition, migration and invasion were assessed by Transwell assays. In vivo, we established a xenogenic liver metastasis mouse model by intrasplenic injection with transfected SW480, HCT116 or HT29 human colon cancer cells and used hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to demonstrate the effective establishment of the model. The relative mRNA levels of Twist and vimentin were detected by RT-PCR. In vitro, RT-PCR and western blotting showed higher relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Twist and vimentin in cell lines transfected with the recombinant, highly expressed Twist plasmid than in non-transfected cell lines (P<0.05), while E-cadherin was inhibited (P<0.05). After transfection with the plasmid pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA, the relative mRNA and protein levels of Twist and vimentin were markedly inhibited in the HCT116 cells (P<0.05), and the levels of E-cadherin were not changed (P>0.05), along with inhibition of the migration and invasion abilities of the cell line (P<0.01). In vivo, relative mRNA levels of Twist and vimentin in both the liver and spleen of the mouse model were higher in the groups that were injected with one of the three cell lines transfected with pTracer-CMV/BSD-Twist than in the groups injected with cells transfected with pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA (P<0.05). In conclusion, upregulation of Twist gene expression can promote EMT molecular events. Interfering with the Twist gene can effectively silence Twist gene expression in HCT116 cells and consequently inhibit colon cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duowei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bikash Rai
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jinmiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bozhao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Petpiroon N, Sritularak B, Chanvorachote P. Phoyunnanin E inhibits migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells via suppression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and integrin αv and integrin β3. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:553. [PMID: 29284478 PMCID: PMC5747023 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-2059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The conversion of the epithelial phenotype of cancer cells into cells with a mesenchymal phenotype-so-called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-has been shown to enhance the capacity of the cells to disseminate throughout the body. EMT is therefore becoming a potential target for anti-cancer drug discovery. Here, we showed that phoyunnanin E, a compound isolated from Dendrobium venustum, possesses anti-migration activity and addressed its mechanism of action. METHODS The cytotoxic and proliferative effects of phoyunnanin E on human non-small cell lung cancer-derived H460, H292, and A549 cells and human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were investigated by MTT assay. The effect of phoyunnanin E on EMT was evaluated by determining the colony formation and EMT markers. The migration and invasion of H460, H292, A549 and HaCaT cells was evaluated by wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. EMT markers, integrins and migration-associated proteins were examined by western blot analysis. RESULTS Phoyunnanin E at the concentrations of 5 and 10 μM, which are non-toxic to H460, H292, A549 and HaCaT cells showed good potential to inhibit the migratory activity of three types of human lung cancer cells. The anti-migration effect of phoyunnanin E was shown to relate to the suppressed EMT phenotypes, including growth in anchorage-independent condition, cell motility, and EMT-specific protein markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, slug, and snail). In addition to EMT suppression, we found that phoyunnanin E treatment with 5 and 10 μM could decrease the cellular level of integrin αv and integrin β3, these integrins are frequently up-regulated in highly metastatic tumor cells. We further characterized the regulatory proteins in cell migration and found that the cells treated with phoyunnanin E exhibited a significantly lower level of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and phosphorylated ATP-dependent tyrosine kinase (p-AKT), and their downstream effectors (including Ras-related C3 botulinum (Rac-GTP); Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42); and Ras homolog gene family, member A (Rho-GTP)) in comparison to those of the non-treated control. CONCLUSIONS We have determined for the first time that phoyunnanin E could inhibit the motility of lung cancer cells via the suppression of EMT and metastasis-related integrins. This new information could support further development of this compound for anti-metastasis approaches.
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Jędroszka D, Orzechowska M, Hamouz R, Górniak K, Bednarek AK. Markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition reflect tumor biology according to patient age and Gleason score in prostate cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188842. [PMID: 29206234 PMCID: PMC5714348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prostate carcinoma (PRAD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies amongst men worldwide. It is well-known that androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role in a vast majority of prostate tumors. However, recent evidence emerged stating that estrogen receptors (ERs) may also contribute to prostate tumor development. Moreover, progression and aggressiveness of prostate cancer may be associated with differential expression genes of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Therefore we aimed to assess the significance of receptors status as well as EMT marker genes expression among PRAD patients in accordance to their age and Gleason score. Materials and methods We analyzed TCGA gene expression profiles of 497 prostate tumor samples according to 43 genes involved in EMT and 3 hormone receptor genes (AR, ESR1, ESR2) as well as clinical characteristic of cancer patients. Then patients were divided into four groups according to their age and 5 groups according to Gleason score. Next, we evaluated PRAD samples according to relationship between the set of variables in different combinations and compared differential expression in subsequent groups of patients. The analysis was applied using R packages: FactoMineR, gplots, RColorBrewer and NMF. Results MFA analysis resulted in distinct grouping of PRAD patients into four age categories according to expression level of AR, ESR1 and ESR2 with the most distinct group of age less than 50 years old. Further investigations indicated opposite expression profiles of EMT markers between different age groups as well as strong association of EMT gene expression with Gleason score. We found that depending on age of prostate cancer patients and Gleason score EMT genes with distinctly altered expression are: KRT18, KRT19, MUC1 and COL4A1, CTNNB1, SNAI2, ZEB1 and MMP3. Conclusions Our major observation is that prostate cancer from patients under 50 years old compared to older ones has entirely different EMT gene expression profiles showing potentially more aggressive invasive phenotype, despite Gleason score classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Jędroszka
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Raneem Hamouz
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Górniak
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K. Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Creedon H, Gómez-Cuadrado L, Tarnauskaitė Ž, Balla J, Canel M, MacLeod KG, Serrels B, Fraser C, Unciti-Broceta A, Tracey N, Le Bihan T, Klinowska T, Sims AH, Byron A, Brunton VG. Identification of novel pathways linking epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with resistance to HER2-targeted therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11539-52. [PMID: 26883193 PMCID: PMC4905492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted therapies in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer is a major clinical problem. To identify pathways linked to resistance, we generated HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines which are resistant to either lapatinib or AZD8931, two pan-HER family kinase inhibitors. Resistance was HER2 independent and was associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in increased proliferation and migration of the resistant cells. Using a global proteomics approach, we identified a novel set of EMT-associated proteins linked to HER2-independent resistance. We demonstrate that a subset of these EMT-associated genes is predictive of prognosis within the ERBB2 subtype of human breast cancers. Furthermore, targeting the EMT-associated kinases Src and Axl potently inhibited proliferation of the resistant cells, and inhibitors to these kinases may provide additional options for the treatment of HER2-independent resistance in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Creedon
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Laura Gómez-Cuadrado
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Žygimantė Tarnauskaitė
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Jozef Balla
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Marta Canel
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Kenneth G MacLeod
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Bryan Serrels
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Craig Fraser
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Asier Unciti-Broceta
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Natasha Tracey
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | | | - Teresa Klinowska
- AstraZeneca Oncology iMed, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK
| | - Andrew H Sims
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Adam Byron
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Valerie G Brunton
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
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Marine Sponge Natural Products with Anticancer Potential: An Updated Review. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15100310. [PMID: 29027954 PMCID: PMC5666418 DOI: 10.3390/md15100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the huge investment into research and the significant effort and advances made in the search for new anticancer drugs in recent decades, cancer cure and treatment continue to be a formidable challenge. Many sources, including plants, animals, and minerals, have been explored in the oncological field because of the possibility of identifying novel molecular therapeutics. Marine sponges are a prolific source of secondary metabolites, a number of which showed intriguing tumor chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties. Recently, Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs derived from marine sponges have been shown to reduce metastatic breast cancer, malignant lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease. The chemopreventive and potential anticancer activity of marine sponge-derived compounds could be explained by multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms, including DNA protection, cell-cycle modulation, apoptosis, and anti-inflammatory activities as well as their ability to chemosensitize cancer cells to traditional antiblastic chemotherapy. The present article aims to depict the multiple mechanisms involved in the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of marine sponges and critically explore the limitations and challenges associated with the development of marine sponge-based anticancer strategy.
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Wang T, Wang M, Fang S, Wang Q, Fang R, Chen J. Fibulin-4 is associated with prognosis of endometrial cancer patients and inhibits cancer cell invasion and metastasis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18991-19012. [PMID: 28177909 PMCID: PMC5386664 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-4, an extracellular glycoprotein, which plays significant roles in elastic fiber assembly, is correlated to the progression of some cancers. However, the role of fibulin-4 in endometrial cancer cell invasion and metastasis remains unexplored. In our study, fibulin-4 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in normal endometrial tissues and endometrial carcinoma tissues. Using single cell cloning, strongly, and weakly, invasive subclones were derived from KLE and Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cell lines. RT-qPCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry (ICC) were used to assess mRNA and protein expressions of fibulin-4 in primary cultured endometrial cells, 4 types of endometrial cancer cell lines, and the different invasive subclones. Using lentivirus transfection, fibulin-4 shRNA and pLVX-fibulin-4 were constructed and used to infect the strongly and weakly invasive subclones. The effects of fibulin-4 on the biological characteristics of endometrial carcinoma cells were detected by cell functional assays in vitro and in vivo. Using Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor XAV-939 and activator LiCl, we detected the role of fibulin-4 in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the relationship with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fibulin-4 was decreased in endometrial carcinoma tissues, and loss of fibulin-4 expression was significantly related with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis of endometrial carcinoma. Fibulin-4 significantly inhibited endometrial carcinoma cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and EMT through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Fibulin-4 has the ability to suppress endometrial cancer progression. These results can contribute to the development of a new potential therapeutic target for patients with endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Pharmacy Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuang Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Georgetown, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Jilin 130000, China
| | - Rui Fang
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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