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Bennett HA, McAdorey A, Yan H. Staining Properties of Selected Commercial Fluorescent Dyes Toward B- and Z-DNA. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:1193-1205. [PMID: 37505363 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03343-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The properties of six commonly used, commercially available, fluorescent dyes were compared in staining right-handed B-DNA and left-handed Z-DNA. All showed different degree of fluorescence turn-on in the presence of B-DNA, but very little in the presence of Z-DNA. The optimal range of dye-DNA ratios of DNA was determined. While these dyes do not provide a turn-on type probe for Z-DNA, staining between B- and Z-DNA using dyes such as SYBR Green I was shown to be useful in tracking the kinetics of conformational changes between these two forms of DNA. Finally, SYBR Green I showed unique circular dichroism patterns in 4 M NaCl that change in the presence of double stranded DNA, both in the visible and UV range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley-Ann Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Alyssa McAdorey
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Hongbin Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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2
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Gupta MK, Senthilkumar S, Rangan L. 3, 5-Dihydroxy 4', 7-dimethoxyflavone-DNA interaction study for nucleic acid detection and differential cell staining. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129713. [PMID: 38281518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The present study is focused on application of a natural compound, 3, 5-dihydroxy 4', 7-dimethoxyflavone (DHDM) from a medicinal plant Alpinia nigra for nucleic acid detection and differential cell staining. DHDM was found to interact with nucleic acid and forms complex, which was investigated for various applications. It was successfully utilized to visualize plasmid, genomic, and ds-linear DNA in agarose gel electrophoresis without affecting the DNA mobility in the gel. Fluorescence of DHDM increased several fold upon binding to dsDNA. Photostability of the compound was assessed and showed photobleaching effect that decreased gradually over time. Application of the compound was further extended to differential cell staining. When observed in fluorescence microscope, DHDM stained the dead cells and differentiated them from live cells in the case of bacterial, yeast, and mammalian cells. Higher concentration of the compound was found to be less cytotoxic to cancerous cells. Nucleic acid staining dyes like Ethidium bromide (EtBr), Propidium iodide (PI), etc. are carcinogens and environmental pollutants and therefore DHDM a natural compound, is a major benefit and thus can serve as an alternative to the current dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Gupta
- Applied Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sanjana Senthilkumar
- Applied Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Latha Rangan
- Applied Biodiversity Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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3
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Jiang Z, Li J, Huang G, Yan L, Ma J. Efficient removal of ethidium bromide from aqueous solutions using chromatin-loaded chitosan polyvinyl alcohol composites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:3276-3295. [PMID: 38085489 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a novel chromatin-loaded chitosan polyvinyl alcohol composite was developed as a simple, efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the efficient removal of ethidium bromide (EtBr). SEM images showed that the composites were characterized by dense porous and uniformly distributed morphology. The BET analysis showed the presence of mesopores and macropores in the composites. FTIR and XRD results showed that the chromatin was uniformly dispersed in the chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol carrier through hydrogen bonding. The fluorescence microscopy images showed the change of fluorescence effect before and after the adsorption of the material, which indicated that the chromatin was uniformly distributed in the composites and had a good adsorption effect. The optimal experimental conditions were T = 30℃, t = 120 min, pH = 7.4, m = 0.2 g when the composite with only 5% chromatin content had the ability to adsorb EtBr efficiently (minimum concentration 2 mg·L-1: adsorption rate 99%; maximum concentration 20 mg·L-1: adsorption rate 90%).The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics showed that the EtBr adsorption kinetics of the composite conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (0.995 < R2 < 0.999) and the Freundlich isothermal model, and was a spontaneous process (ΔH < 0). This study on the immobilization of chromatin will provide a new way and reference for the application of chromatin in the treatment of EtBr pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Jiang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Wenchang Road 2, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Junsheng Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Wenchang Road 2, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guoxia Huang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Wenchang Road 2, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Liujuan Yan
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Wenchang Road 2, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, China
| | - Ji Ma
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Wenchang Road 2, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, China
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4
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Rattanachak N, Weawsiangsang S, Baldock RA, Jaifoo T, Jongjitvimol T, Jongjitwimol J. A Novel and Quantitative Detection Assay ( effluxR) for Identifying Efflux-Associated Resistance Genes Using Multiplex Digital PCR in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:96. [PMID: 37888028 PMCID: PMC10608825 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa highlights an increased need for selective and precise antimicrobial treatment. Drug efflux pumps are one of the major mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance found in many bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. Detection of efflux genes using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based system would enable resistance detection and aid clinical decision making. Therefore, we aimed to develop and optimize a novel method herein referred to as "effluxR detection assay" using multiplex digital PCR (mdPCR) for detection of mex efflux pump genes in P. aeruginosa strains. The annealing/extension temperatures and gDNA concentrations were optimized to amplify mexB, mexD, and mexY using the multiplex quantitative PCR (mqPCR) system. We established the optimal mqPCR conditions for the assay (Ta of 59 °C with gDNA concentrations at or above 0.5 ng/µL). Using these conditions, we were able to successfully detect the presence of these genes in a quantity-dependent manner. The limit of detection for mex genes using the effluxR detection assay with mdPCR was 0.001 ng/µL (7.04-34.81 copies/µL). Moreover, using blind sample testing, we show that effluxR detection assay had 100% sensitivity and specificity for detecting mex genes in P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, the effluxR detection assay, using mdPCR, is able to identify the presence of multiple mex genes in P. aeruginosa that may aid clinical laboratory decisions and further epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nontaporn Rattanachak
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (N.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Sattaporn Weawsiangsang
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (N.R.); (S.W.)
| | - Robert A. Baldock
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | - Theerasak Jaifoo
- Master of Science Program in Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Touchkanin Jongjitvimol
- Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Jirapas Jongjitwimol
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Centre of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
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5
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Zhang J, Li J, Huang G, Yan L. Chromatin extracted from common carp testis as an economical and easily available adsorbent for ethidium bromide decontamination. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09565. [PMID: 35677409 PMCID: PMC9167975 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The waste of ethidium bromide (EtBr) used in the laboratory will bring a great burden to the environment, which need to be solved urgently. In the present paper, an efficient and inexpensive method for EtBr removal using chromatin extracted from common carp testis was investigated. The observation of fluorescence microscopy showed that chromatin had similar property to DNA for selective adsorption of EtBr. The results of batch adsorption showed that the removal efficiency of EtBr by chromatin exceeded 99% at pH 7.4 and 30 °C for 3 min with the EtBr concentration of 2 mg L−1 and the chromatin dosage of 0.5 g L−1, and the maximum adsorption amount of chromatin was 45.73 mg g−1. Further, the analysis of kinetic and isotherm suggested that the adsorption followed Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model, and the calculated maximum theoretical adsorption amount of chromatin to EtBr was 48.08 mg g−1. According to thermodynamic analysis, chromatin adsorption of EtBr was a spontaneous process dominated by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. This work will not only offer an adsorbent for EtBr decontamination, also provide a possibility for EtBr analogs removal. The inexpensive bio-adsorbent was prepared from common carp testis by-production. The bio-adsorbent was applied in EtBr decontamination. The maximum adsorption amount of EtBr by chromatin was up to 45.73 mg g−1, while the maximum adsorption amount of EtBr by activated carbon was only 0.46 mg g−1. The adsorption of EtBr by chromatin followed Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Donghuan Road 268, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Junsheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Donghuan Road 268, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Guoxia Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Donghuan Road 268, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Liujuan Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Green Processing of Sugar Resources, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Donghuan Road 268, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, PR China
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6
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Hughes DA, Szkuta B, van Oorschot RAH, Conlan XA. "Technical Note:" Optimisation of Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye preparation, application, and visualisation, for latent DNA detection. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 330:111096. [PMID: 34794062 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A targeted sampling approach of latent DNA, deposited when a person makes contact with a surface, can prove challenging during crime scene or evidence processing, with the sampling of latent DNA often relying on the expert judgement from crime scene officers and forensic examiners. As such, the ability to use the quick and robust screening tool Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye (DD) was explored, with a focus on the visualisation of latent DNA on non-porous substrates, namely polypropylene, acrylic, aluminium, PVC composite material, glass, and crystalline silicon. The application of DD was performed according to methods reported in literature, where 10 µL of the dye solution (20-fold dilution of DD in 75% EtOH) was applied onto a variety of non-porous substrates via a micropipette and then subsequently visualised using a portable fluorescence microscope. It was discovered that there was scope for improvement in the reported methods due to the observation of crystal formations on all test substrates upon drying of the DD, resulting in the impaired visualisation of latent DNA and fingerprint detail. Thus, changes to the EtOH water ratio of the dye solution, and changes to the mode of dye application from a micropipette to a spray application, were explored to improve the drying time of the dye and mitigate the formation of crystals. While changes to the EtOH water ratio did not improve the overall drying time, the mode of dye application enhanced visualisation, with a spray application eliminating the formation of crystals no matter the EtOH water ratio. Visualisation with a portable Dino-Lite and Zeiss Widefield fluorescence microscope were also explored, with the Zeiss Widefield fluorescence microscope proving to be useful in whole print imaging and a more efficient imaging tool in a laboratory setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Hughes
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca Szkuta
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Centre, Macleod, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roland A H van Oorschot
- Office of the Chief Forensic Scientist, Victoria Police Forensic Services Centre, Macleod, Victoria, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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7
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Malik S, Prasad S, Kishore S, Kumar A, Upadhyay V. A perspective review on impact and molecular mechanism of environmental carcinogens on human health. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:178-207. [PMID: 34672914 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1991715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death all around the world. It is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells leading to severe health conditions and fatality if remains undiagnosed till later stages. Cancer can be caused due to mutation or sudden alterations by effect of certain external agents. Agents that can cause sudden alterations in the genetic content of an individual are known as mutagens. Mutations can lead to permanent changes in the genetic constituency of an individual and possibly lead to cancer. Mutagenic agents that possess the capacity to induce cancer in humans are called carcinogens. Carcinogens may be naturally present in the environment or generated by anthropogenic activities. However, with the progress in molecular techniques, genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis of a wide range of carcinogens have been elucidated. Present review aims to discuss different types of environmental carcinogens and their respective mechanisms responsible for inducing cancer in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Shilpa Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics (Iob), Whitefield, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Mahe), Manipal, India
| | - Vineet Upadhyay
- Institute of Bioinformatics (Iob), Whitefield, Bangalore, India
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8
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Weeraphan C, Thawornpan P, Thanapongpichat S, Srinoun K, Win Tun A, Srisomsap C, Svasti J, Buncherd H. Application of the Magnetic Fraction of Fly Ash as a Low-Cost Heterogeneous Fenton Catalyst for Degrading Ethidium Bromide. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1977313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Churat Weeraphan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kanitta Srinoun
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Aung Win Tun
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Jisnuson Svasti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hansuk Buncherd
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Medical Science Research and Innovation Institute, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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9
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Sokolov AS, Nekrasov PV, Shaposhnikov MV, Moskalev AA. Hydrogen sulfide in longevity and pathologies: Inconsistency is malodorous. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101262. [PMID: 33516916 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the biologically active gases (gasotransmitters), which plays an important role in various physiological processes and aging. Its production in the course of methionine and cysteine catabolism and its degradation are finely balanced, and impairment of H2S homeostasis is associated with various pathologies. Despite the strong geroprotective action of exogenous H2S in C. elegans, there are controversial effects of hydrogen sulfide and its donors on longevity in other models, as well as on stress resistance, age-related pathologies and aging processes, including regulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and senescent cell anti-apoptotic pathways (SCAPs). Here we discuss that the translation potential of H2S as a geroprotective compound is influenced by a multiplicity of its molecular targets, pleiotropic biological effects, and the overlapping ranges of toxic and beneficial doses. We also consider the challenges of the targeted delivery of H2S at the required dose. Along with this, the complexity of determining the natural levels of H2S in animal and human organs and their ambiguous correlations with longevity are reviewed.
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10
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Tahara H, Yamagiwa Y, Haranosono Y, Kurata M. In vivo comet assay in rabbit corneal epithelial cells following ocular instillation with genotoxic compounds. Genes Environ 2021; 43:11. [PMID: 33827709 PMCID: PMC8028091 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The in vivo comet assay is used to evaluate the genotoxic potential of compounds by detecting DNA strand breaks in cells isolated from animal tissue. The comet assay of hepatocytes is well established; however, the levels of systemic drug exposure following systemic administration are often insufficient to evaluate the genotoxic potential of compounds on the ocular surface following ocular instillation. To investigate the possibility of using the comet assay as a genotoxic evaluation tool for the ocular surface, we performed this assay on the corneal epithelial cells of rabbit eyes 2 h after the single ocular instillation of five genotoxic compounds, namely ethidium bromide, 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (paraquat), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), acrylamide, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). Results The mean % tail DNA, as an indicator of DNA damage, in the corneal epithelial cells treated with ethidium bromide, MMS, and 4-NQO exhibited statistically significant increases compared with those in the negative controls (saline or 5 % dimethyl sulfoxide in saline). However, paraquat and acrylamide did not increase the mean % tail DNA, presumably because of the high antioxidant levels and low cytochrome P450 levels present in the corneal epithelium, respectively. Conclusions The comet assay was able to detect genotoxic potential on the ocular surface following ocular instillation with genotoxic compounds. The study findings indicate that the in vivo comet assay may provide a useful tool for assessing the genotoxicity of compounds topically administrated on the ocular surface under mimicking clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tahara
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Yamagiwa
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yu Haranosono
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kurata
- Research & Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
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11
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Guest M, Mir R, Foran G, Hickson B, Necakov A, Dudding T. Trisaminocyclopropenium Cations as Small-Molecule Organic Fluorophores: Design Guidelines and Bioimaging Applications. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13997-14011. [PMID: 32930593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of fluorescence two centuries ago ushered in, what is today, an illuminating field of science rooted in the rational design of photochromic molecules for task-specific bio-, material-, and medical-driven applications. Today, this includes applications in bioimaging and diagnosis, photodynamic therapy regimes, in addition to photovoltaic devices and solar cells, among a vast multitude of other usages. In furthering this indispensable area of daily life and modern-day scientific research, we report herein the synthesis of a class of trisaminocyclopropenium fluorophores along with a systematic investigation of their unique molecular and electronic dependent photophysical properties. Among these fluorophores, tris[N(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)phenylamino] cyclopropenium chloride (TNTPC) displayed a strong photophysical profile including a 0.92 quantum yield ascribed to intramolecular charge transfer and intramolecular through-space conjugation. Moreover, this cyclopropenium-based fluorophore functions as a competent imaging agent for DNA visualization and nuclear counterstaining in cell culture. To facilitate the broader use of these compounds, design principles supported by density functional theory calculations for engineering analogs of this class of fluorophores are offered. Collectively, this study adds to the burgeoning interest in cyclopropenium compounds and their unique properties as fluorophores with uses in bioimaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Guest
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Roya Mir
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Gregory Foran
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Brianne Hickson
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Aleksandar Necakov
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Travis Dudding
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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12
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Fung J, Lau SKP, Woo PCY. Antigen Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus in Humans. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2099:89-97. [PMID: 31883089 PMCID: PMC7123003 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0211-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is the second novel zoonotic disease infecting humans caused by coronavirus (CoV) in this century. To date, more than 2200 laboratory-confirmed human cases have been identified in 27 countries, and more than 800 MERS-CoV associated deaths have been reported since its outbreak in 2012. Rapid laboratory diagnosis of MERS-CoV is the key to successful containment and prevention of the spread of infection. Though the gold standard for diagnosing MERS-CoV infection in humans is still nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) of the up-E region, an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) could also be of use for early diagnosis in less developed locations. In the present method, a step-by-step guide to perform a MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (NP) capture ELISA using two NP-specific monoclonal antibodies is provided for readers to develop their in-house workflow or diagnostic kit for clinical use and for mass-screening project of animals (e.g., dromedaries and bats) to better understand the spread and evolution of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Fung
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. .,Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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13
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Choi JW, Vasamsetti BMK, Choo J, Kim HY. Analysis of deoxyribonuclease activity by conjugation-free fluorescence polarisation in sub-nanolitre droplets. Analyst 2020; 145:3222-3228. [PMID: 32118224 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report the analysis of deoxyribonuclease (DNase) activity by conjugation-free fluorescence polarisation in a droplet-based microfluidic chip. DNase is a DNA cleaving enzyme and its activity is important in the maintenance of normal cellular functions. Alterations in DNase activity have been implicated as the cause of various cancers and autoimmune diseases. To date, various methods for the analysis of DNase activity have been reported. However, they are not cost effective due to the requirement of large sample volumes and the need for the conjugation of fluorescent dyes. In this study, we have used ethidium bromide (EtBr), a DNA intercalating reagent, as a fluorescent reporter without any prior conjugation or modification of DNA. Degradation of DNA by DNase 1 was monitored at a steady state by making changes in the fluorescence polarisation of EtBr in droplets with a volume of 330 picolitre at a 40 hertz frequency under visible light. Using this technique, we successfully determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for the inhibition of DNase 1 activity to be 1.56 ± 0.91 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Li Z, Chang PH, Jiang WT, Liu Y. Enhanced removal of ethidium bromide (EtBr) from aqueous solution using rectorite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121254. [PMID: 31586911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is an intercalating agent commonly used as nucleic acid fluorescent tag in various techniques of life science field. It is considered as a serious biohazard due to its mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. As such, developing high efficiency and low cost materials as cleanup kits is in urgent need although many methods have already been developed. In this study we take use of the affinity of organic cations for clay minerals of high cation exchange capacity (CEC) and large specific surface area (SSA) and tested the removal of EtBr using rectorite, a type of clay mineral made of 1:1 regularly mixed layers of illite and montmorillonite. Our results showed that the uptake of Et+ on rectorite could be as high as 400 mmol/kg and the removal of Et+ was extremely fast. Desorption of inorganic cation Ca2+ and sorption of counterion Br- revealed that cation exchange was the dominating mechanism of Et+ removal using rectorite. Thermal analyses revealed that the EtBr could be thermally destructed inside the interlayer of rectorite and the material could be thermally regenerated. Thus, clay minerals could have a great potential to be fabricated into cleanup kits for the removal of EtBr in case of spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin - Parkside, 900 Wood Road, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA.
| | - Po-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Teh Jiang
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Yujuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin - Parkside, 900 Wood Road, Kenosha, WI 53144, USA
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15
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Jin X, Hapsari ND, Lee S, Jo K. DNA binding fluorescent proteins as single-molecule probes. Analyst 2020; 145:4079-4095. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA binding fluorescent proteins are useful probes for a broad range of biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Natalia Diyah Hapsari
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
- Chemistry Education Program
| | - Seonghyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubong Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
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16
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Han X, Wang E, Cui Y, Lin Y, Chen H, An R, Liang X, Komiyama M. The staining efficiency of cyanine dyes for single-stranded DNA is enormously dependent on nucleotide composition. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:1708-1714. [PMID: 31004446 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The staining of nucleic acids with fluorescent dyes is one of the most fundamental technologies in relevant areas of science. For reliable and quantitative analysis, the staining efficiency of the dyes should not be very dependent on the sequences of the specimens. However, this assumption has not necessarily been confirmed by experimental results, especially in the staining of ssDNA (and RNA). In this study, we found that both SYBR Green II and SYBR Gold did not stain either homopyrimidines or ssDNA composed of only adenine (A) and cytosine (C). However, these two dyes emit strong fluorescence when the ssDNA contains both guanine (G) and C (and/or both A and thymine (T)) and form potential Watson-Crick base pairs. Interestingly, SYBR Gold, but not SYBR Green II, strongly stains ssDNA consisting of G and A (or G and T). Additionally, we found that the secondary structure of ssDNA may play an important role in DNA staining. To obtain reliable results for practical applications, sufficient care must be paid to the composition and sequence of ssDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutiange Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Erchi Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yixiao Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yikai Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Ran An
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Xingguo Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Makoto Komiyama
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
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17
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Mutagen-induced phytotoxicity in maize seed germination is dependent on ROS scavenging capacity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14078. [PMID: 30232360 PMCID: PMC6145914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethidium bromide (EB) and acridine orange (AO) bind to nucleic acids and are thus considered as potential mutagens. In this study, the effects of EB and AO on the germination behaviours of white, yellow, red, and purple maize seeds were investigated. The results indicate that low concentrations of EB (50 μg mL−1) and AO (500 μg mL−1) promote germination, particularly for the white and yellow seeds. However, high concentrations of EB (0.5 mg mL−1) and AO (5 mg mL−1) significantly inhibit germination, with the level of inhibition decreasing in the following order: white > yellow > red > purple. In addition, EB and AO induce H2O2 production in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects of these mutagens on seed germination were partly reversed by dimethyl thiourea, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, while the effects were enhanced by treatment with H2O2 and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, a specific inhibitor of catalase. In addition, AO and EB profoundly increased NADPH oxidase activities in germinating seeds. The treatment of seeds with EB and AO did not affect the growth or drought tolerance of the resultant seedlings. The findings suggest that the mechanism of mutagen toxicity is related to the induction of ROS production.
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18
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Biswas A, Mukhopadhyay S, Singh RS, Kumar A, Rana NK, Koch B, Pandey DS. Manipulating Metallogel Properties by Luminogens and Their Applications in Cell Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:5417-5425. [PMID: 30023918 PMCID: PMC6044964 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating gelation properties of the isomeric zinc-terpyridine complexes C-1 (nongelator) and C-2 (gelator) using three different luminescent dyes, viz., acridine yellow (AY), ethidium bromide (EB), and azido-boron dipyrromethene, have been described. Hybrid gels created by the combination of C-1, C-2, and above-mentioned dyes have been termed complex-luminogen mixed gels (CLMGs). Ensuing CLMGs have been thoroughly characterized by spectral, morphological, and rheological studies. Cytotoxicity measurements and imaging against breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 unveiled that three out of the five CLMGs can be effectively used for cell imaging. Interestingly, direct use of the metal-containing hybrid gels for live cell imaging which is a distinctive approach, has been successfully achieved with significantly encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Biswas
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, and Department of Zoology, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sujay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, and Department of Zoology, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roop Shikha Singh
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, and Department of Zoology, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, and Department of Zoology, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nishant Kumar Rana
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, and Department of Zoology, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biplob Koch
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, and Department of Zoology, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry,
Institute of Science, and Department of Zoology, Institute
of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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19
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Chitosan gold nanoparticles for detection of amplified nucleic acids isolated from sputum. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:57-63. [PMID: 28325344 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Choi JW, Vasamsetti BMK, Kim KW, Seo SH, Lee DH, Chang SI, Choo J, Kim HY. Analysis of ribonuclease activity in sub-nanoliter droplets by label-free fluorescence measurements. Analyst 2017; 142:2610-2616. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02724e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a label-free analysis of ribonuclease activity using droplet-based microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Choi
- Department of Biochemistry
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju 28644
- Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kyu-Wan Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- College of Medicine
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 03087
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Seo
- Department of Biochemistry
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju 28644
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Microbiology
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju 28644
- Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences
| | - Soo-Ik Chang
- Department of Biochemistry
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju 28644
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department of Bionano Technology
- Hanyang University
- Ansan 15588
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry
- Chungbuk National University
- Cheongju 28644
- Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences
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21
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Lee S, Oh Y, Lee J, Choe S, Lim S, Lee HS, Jo K, Schwartz DC. DNA binding fluorescent proteins for the direct visualization of large DNA molecules. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:e6. [PMID: 26264666 PMCID: PMC4705684 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins that also bind DNA molecules are useful reagents for a broad range of biological applications because they can be optically localized and tracked within cells, or provide versatile labels for in vitro experiments. We report a novel design for a fluorescent, DNA-binding protein (FP-DBP) that completely 'paints' entire DNA molecules, whereby sequence-independent DNA binding is accomplished by linking a fluorescent protein to two small peptides (KWKWKKA) using lysine for binding to the DNA phosphates, and tryptophan for intercalating between DNA bases. Importantly, this ubiquitous binding motif enables fluorescent proteins (Kd = 14.7 μM) to confluently stain DNA molecules and such binding is reversible via pH shifts. These proteins offer useful robust advantages for single DNA molecule studies: lack of fluorophore mediated photocleavage and staining that does not perturb polymer contour lengths. Accordingly, we demonstrate confluent staining of naked DNA molecules presented within microfluidic devices, or localized within live bacterial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 1 Shinsudong, Mapogu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Yeeun Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 1 Shinsudong, Mapogu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Jungyoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 1 Shinsudong, Mapogu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Sojeong Choe
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 1 Shinsudong, Mapogu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 1 Shinsudong, Mapogu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - Kyubong Jo
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 1 Shinsudong, Mapogu, Seoul, 121-742, Korea
| | - David C Schwartz
- Laboratory for Molecular and Computational Genomics, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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