1
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Ubayathulla N, M R M, Ramani P, S D, Kizhakkoottu S, Ramalingam K. Alpha-Tocopherol Levels in Patients With Dentigerous Cysts: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e61359. [PMID: 38947582 PMCID: PMC11214333 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dentigerous cysts (DC) form due to fluid accumulation between the crown of the tooth and the reduced enamel epithelium. Due to the diverse clinical characteristics, such as ambiguity concerning their biological origins and the significance of timely diagnosis and detection of these lesions, researchers are presently motivated to undertake further investigations. The aim of the present study was to assess the amount of serum alpha-tocopherol in patients with DC and compare it with that of normal, healthy individuals. Methods A total sample size of n=34 was included in the current study. Group A, designated as the control group, comprised 17 randomly selected healthy subjects, while Group B, the DC diagnostic group, consisted of 17 patients. Blood samples were collected, and the concentration of vitamin E or alpha-tocopherol was evaluated and expressed in mg/mL. Results Compared to the mean vitamin E level in healthy controls (12.08 ± 1.92 mg/mL), patients with DC showed a statistically significant (p<0.0001) reduction in mean vitamin E levels (5.29 ± 1.01 mg/mL). Conclusion Patients with DC have lower levels of vitamin E than healthy individuals. The reduced concentration of vitamin E can have a role in the extension of cystic volume and thus have an impact on the aggressiveness of pathologic lesions. The therapeutic benefits of vitamin E supplementation in reducing the aggressiveness of DC should be evaluated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausathkhan Ubayathulla
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Emirates Health Services (EHS) Fujairah Specialized Dental Center and Hospital, Fujairah, ARE
| | - Muthusekar M R
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Pratibha Ramani
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Dharini S
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Suvarna Kizhakkoottu
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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2
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Balmos IA, Slevin M, Brinzaniuc K, Muresan AV, Suciu H, Molnár GB, Mocian A, Szabó B, Nagy EE, Horváth E. Intraplaque Neovascularization, CD68+ and iNOS2+ Macrophage Infiltrate Intensity Are Associated with Atherothrombosis and Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Severe Carotid Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3275. [PMID: 38137496 PMCID: PMC10741508 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease that results from endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory arterial wall disorder and the formation of the atheromatous plaque. This results in carotid artery stenosis and is responsible for atherothrombotic stroke and ischemic injury. Low-grade plaque inflammation determines biological stability and lesion progression. METHODS Sixty-seven cases with active perilesional inflammatory cell infiltrate were selected from a larger cohort of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. CD68+, iNOS2+ and Arg1+ macrophages and CD31+ endothelial cells were quantified around the atheroma lipid core using digital morphometry, and expression levels were correlated with determinants of instability: ulceration, thrombosis, plaque hemorrhage, calcification patterns and neovessel formation. RESULTS Patients with intraplaque hemorrhage had greater CD68+ macrophage infiltration (p = 0.003). In 12 cases where iNOS2 predominated over Arg1 positivity, the occurrence of atherothrombotic events was significantly more frequent (p = 0.046). CD31 expression, representing neovessel formation, correlated positively with atherothrombosis (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Intraplaque hemorrhage is often described against the background of an intense inflammatory cell infiltrate. Atherothrombosis is associated with the presence of neovessels and pro-inflammatory macrophages expressing iNOS2. Modulating macrophage polarization may be a successful therapeutic approach to prevent plaque destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Alexandru Balmos
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D., George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.A.B.); (G.B.M.); (A.M.)
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Mark Slevin
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research (CCAMF), George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Klara Brinzaniuc
- Department of Anatomy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adrian Vasile Muresan
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
- M3 Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania (B.S.)
| | - Horatiu Suciu
- M3 Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania (B.S.)
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases and Transplantation, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Gyopár Beáta Molnár
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D., George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.A.B.); (G.B.M.); (A.M.)
- Pathology Service, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Adriana Mocian
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D., George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (I.A.B.); (G.B.M.); (A.M.)
- Vascular Surgery Clinic, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Béla Szabó
- M3 Department of Surgery, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania (B.S.)
| | - Előd Ernő Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540394 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Emőke Horváth
- Pathology Service, County Emergency Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 50 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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3
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Liang Y, Wang M, Wang C, Liu Y, Naruse K, Takahashi K. The Mechanisms of the Development of Atherosclerosis in Prediabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084108. [PMID: 33921168 PMCID: PMC8071517 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle changes, such as overeating and underexercising, can increase the risk of prediabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading causes of atherosclerosis, and recently it became clear that the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis progresses even before the onset of diabetic symptoms. In addition to changes in platelets and leukocytes in the hyperglycemic state and damage to vascular endothelial cells, extracellular vesicles and microRNAs were found to be involved in the progression of prediabetes atherosclerosis. This review discusses the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these processes, with an intention to enable a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology of prediabetes and atherosclerosis.
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4
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Haybar H, Maleki Behzad M, Shahrabi S, Ansari N, Saki N. Expression of Blood Cells Associated CD Markers and Cardiovascular Diseases: Clinical Applications in Prognosis. Lab Med 2020; 51:122-142. [PMID: 31340048 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality worldwide. The results of various studies have shown that abnormality in the frequency and function of blood cells can be involved in CVD complications. In this review, we have focused on abnormalities in the expression of the CD (cluster of differentiation) markers of blood cells to assess the association of these abnormalities with CVD prognosis. METHODS We identified the relevant literature through a PubMed search (1990-2018) of English-language articles using the terms "Cardiovascular diseases", "CD markers", "leukocytes", "platelets", and "endothelial cells". RESULTS There is a variety of mechanisms for the effect of CD-marker expressions on CVDs prognosis, ranging from proinflammatory processes to dysfunctional effects in blood cells. CONCLUSION Considering the possible effects of CD-marker expression on CVDs prognosis, particularly prognosis of acute myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis, long-term studies in large cohorts are required to identify the prognostic value of CD markers and to target them with appropriate therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Haybar
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masumeh Maleki Behzad
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saeid Shahrabi
- Department of Biochemistry and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Narges Ansari
- Isfahan Bone Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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5
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Li Q, Lin F, Ke D, Cheng Q, Gui Y, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Zhu P. Combination of Endoglin and ASCVD Risk Assessment Improves Carotid Subclinical Atherosclerosis Recognition. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 27:331-341. [PMID: 31406054 PMCID: PMC7192815 DOI: 10.5551/jat.50898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our study investigated the association between soluble endoglin and carotid subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: We used endoglin as an adjunct to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk, in recognition of carotid clinical atherosclerosis, in order to explore a new model to refine risk assessment. Out of 3,452 participants, 978 subjects with detected soluble endoglin were enrolled in a cross-sectional investigation in Fujian Province were enrolled. Soluble endoglin concentration in serum samples was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Carotid ultrasonography was used to detect intima-media thickness and carotid plaque. Results: The mean 10-year ASCVD risk by the new Pooled Cohort Equations accounted for 10.04% (± 12.35). The mean soluble endoglin level was 15.35 ng/ml (± 6.64). Multivariable regression demonstrated that age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and serum uric acid were independent determinants of soluble endoglin. Adding tests of ASCVD and endoglin together, in parallel, will increase the sensitivity and decrease specificity in recognizing carotid subclinical atherosclerosis. Evaluating the added value of endoglin to the ASCVD risk model showed significantly improved discrimination with analysis of C-statistics, continuous net reclassification index and integrated discrimination index. Both ASCVD risk and soluble endoglin showed positively linear correlation with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) (β = 0.006, P < 0.001; β = 0.485, P < 0.001). Even with adjustment for other factors, the relationship between log-transformed soluble endoglin with cIMT was still significant (β = 0.369, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The combination of ASCVD risk and endoglin levels increases carotid atherosclerosis recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaowei Li
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics
| | - Fan Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics
| | - Douli Ke
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics
| | - Qiong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University
| | - Yongzhi Gui
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics
| | - Yuyan Zhou
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics
| | - Yinzhou Wang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Institute of Clinical Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics
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6
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Assessment of Micro-vessel Density in Brain Gliomaby CD105 Expression. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 13:205-211. [PMID: 30697291 PMCID: PMC6339494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Micro-vascular proliferation is an important histological feature of brain glioma with more vascular proliferation is present in higher grades of glioma. CD 105 is expressed in new actively proliferating and immature endothelial cells in tumor environment and appears to be capable to distinguish between malignant neo-vasculature and normal vessels. METHODS This study was designed to evaluate the Micro-Vessel Density(MVD) in different grades of brain glioma based on CD 105 expression byImmunohistochemistry method to determine whether it can be a helpful marker for rumor grading or not.Paraffin blocks of formalin fixed samples of brain astrocyticglioma were retrieved and IHC was performed using anti-CD105 monoclonal mouse antibody. RESULTS Total number of 48cases of low and high grade astrocyticgliomas were evaluated.We noted that there was a positive correlation between MVD evaluated by CD105 and tumor grade, meaning that expression was significantly greater in tumors with higher grade (P=0.019). CONCLUSION We concluded that MVD quantified by CD 105 has positive correlation with tumor grade. Also we think that expression of CD 105 specially in low-grade glioma can serve as a basis for selective treatment option in combination with current standard care.
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7
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Dubé KN, Thomas TM, Munshaw S, Rohling M, Riley PR, Smart N. Recapitulation of developmental mechanisms to revascularize the ischemic heart. JCI Insight 2017; 2:96800. [PMID: 29202457 PMCID: PMC5752387 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Restoring blood flow after myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for survival of existing and newly regenerated tissue. Endogenous vascular repair processes are deployed following injury but are poorly understood. We sought to determine whether developmental mechanisms of coronary vessel formation are intrinsically reactivated in the adult mouse after MI. Using pulse-chase genetic lineage tracing, we establish that de novo vessel formation constitutes a substantial component of the neovascular response, with apparent cellular contributions from the endocardium and coronary sinus. The adult heart reverts to its former hypertrabeculated state and repeats the process of compaction, which may facilitate endocardium-derived neovascularization. The capacity for angiogenic sprouting of the coronary sinus vein, the adult derivative of the sinus venosus, may also reflect its embryonic origin. The quiescent epicardium is reactivated and, while direct cellular contribution to new vessels is minimal, it supports the directional expansion of the neovessel network toward the infarcted myocardium. Thymosin β4, a peptide with roles in vascular development, was required for endocardial compaction, epicardial vessel expansion, and smooth muscle cell recruitment. Insight into pathways that regulate endogenous vascular repair, drawing on comparisons with development, may reveal novel targets for therapeutically enhancing neovascularization. Embryonic mechanisms are redeployed to revascularize the ischemic heart, with contributions primarily from the endocardium and coronary sinus and processes that require thymosin β4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina N Dubé
- UCL Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tonia M Thomas
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sonali Munshaw
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mala Rohling
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Riley
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Smart
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Abstract
Endoglin (ENG, also known as CD105) is a transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) associated receptor and is required for both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is important in the development of cerebral vasculature and in the pathogenesis of cerebral vascular diseases. ENG is an essential component of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation complex. Animal studies showed that ENG deficiency impairs stroke recovery. ENG deficiency also impairs the regulation of vascular tone, which contributes to the pathogenesis of brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) and vasospasm. In human, functional haploinsufficiency of ENG gene causes type I hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT1), an autosomal dominant disorder. Compared to normal population, HHT1 patients have a higher prevalence of AVM in multiple organs including the brain. Vessels in bAVM are fragile and tend to rupture, causing hemorrhagic stroke. High prevalence of pulmonary AVM in HHT1 patients are associated with a higher incidence of paradoxical embolism in the cerebral circulation causing ischemic brain injury. Therefore, HHT1 patients are at risk for both hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. This review summarizes the possible mechanism of ENG in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases in experimental animal models and in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhu
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Hua Su
- Center for Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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9
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Plasma Soluble Endoglin Levels Are Inversely Associated With the Severity of Coronary Atherosclerosis—Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:49-52. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Transforming growth factor-β inhibits migration and proliferation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Endoglin is a transmembrane receptor for transforming growth factor-β1 and transforming growth factor-β3. Endoglin is released into blood as a soluble form (soluble endoglin [sEng]), but plasma sEng levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have not been elucidated.
Approach and Results—
We measured plasma sEng levels in 244 patients undergoing coronary angiography. The severity of coronary atherosclerosis was evaluated as the numbers of >50% stenotic vessels and segments. CAD was found in 147 patients, of whom 55 had 1-vessel, 42 had 2-vessel, and 50 had 3-vessel disease. Compared with 97 patients without CAD, 147 with CAD had lower sEng levels (median 4.04 versus 4.37 ng/mL;
P
<0.005). A stepwise decrease in sEng levels was found based on the number of stenotic vessels: 4.37 in CAD(−), 4.23 in 1-vessel, 4.13 in 2-vessel, and 3.74 ng/mL in 3-vessel disease (
P
<0.005). sEng levels inversely correlated with the number of stenotic segments (
r
=−0.25;
P
<0.001). In multivariate analysis, sEng was an independent factor for 3-vessel disease and CAD. Odds ratios for CAD and 3-vessel disease were 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.95–0.99;
P
<0.02) and 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.93–0.99;
P
<0.01) for a 0.1 ng/mL increase in sEng levels, respectively.
Conclusions—
Plasma sEng levels were low in patients with CAD, especially 3-vessel disease, and were inversely associated with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Wang Y, Jiang M, Li Z, Wang J, Du C, Yanyang L, Yu Y, Wang X, Zhang N, Zhao M, Wang L, Li M, Luo F. Hypoxia and TGF-β1 lead to endostatin resistance by cooperatively increasing cancer stem cells in A549 transplantation tumors. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:72. [PMID: 26705466 PMCID: PMC4690275 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0064-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and treatments for lung cancer have a high failure rate. Anti-angiogenic therapy is also often ineffective because of refractory disease. Endostatin (ES) is one of the most widely-used anti-angiogenic drugs for lung cancer in China, and resistance to it is a barrier that needs to be resolved. It has been shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are involved in resistance to ES. Whether other cells and/or cell factors in the tumor microenvironment that have been shown to be related to resistance to other anti-cancer drugs are also involved in ES resistance is unknown. RESULTS In this study, we showed that after continuously treatment with ES for 12 days, volumes of A549 transplantation tumors of mice reached the sizes of tumors which were borne by mice that were treated with normal saline and this meant that resistance to ES appeared. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have been widely accepted as one of reasons responsible for resistance to many anti-tumor drugs were also being discovered increased proportionally in A549 transplantation tumors after ES treatment for 12 days. During further exploration of reasons for this increase, we discovered that after ES treatment, microvessel density and vascular endothelial growth factor level was decreased in tumors, whereas transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 level was elevated, and MDSCs, one of the sources of TGF-β1, were also increased. We speculate that hypoxia and TGF-β1 are responsible for the increased CSC number in A549 transplantation tumors. By using cobalt chloride to mimic hypoxia and human recombinant TGF-β1 in vitro, we found that hypoxia and TGF-β1can indeed enhance the stemness of A549 cells. In addition, the inductive effect of hypoxia is stronger than TGF-β1, and the combination of both is stronger than either alone, which is first report of such a finding, to our knowledge. CONCLUSIONS Increased TGF-β1 and strengthened hypoxia in A549 transplantation tumors, as a result of ES therapy, cooperatively increase proportion of CSCs that are involved in ES resistance which was revealed by failure of tumor volume repression after continuously treatment with ES for 12 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan 641000 People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yanyang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 61004 People's Republic of China
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11
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Nakagomi T, Nakano-Doi A, Kawamura M, Matsuyama T. Do Vascular Pericytes Contribute to Neurovasculogenesis in the Central Nervous System as Multipotent Vascular Stem Cells? Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1730-9. [PMID: 25900222 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that multipotent stem cells are harbored within a vascular niche inside various organs. Although a precise phenotype of resident vascular stem cells (VSCs) that can function as multipotent stem cells remains unclear, accumulating evidence shows that multipotent VSCs are likely vascular pericytes (PCs) that localize within blood vessels. These PCs are multipotent, possessing the ability to differentiate into various cell types, including vascular lineage cells. In addition, brain PCs are unique: They are derived from neural crest and can differentiate into neural lineage cells. Because PCs in the central nervous system (CNS) can contribute to both neurogenesis and vasculogenesis, they may mediate the reparative process of neurovascular units that are constructed by neural and vascular cells. Here, we describe the activity of PCs when viewed as multipotent VSCs, primarily regarding their neurogenic and vasculogenic potential in the CNS. We also discuss similarities between PCs and other candidates for multipotent VSCs, including perivascular mesenchymal stem cells, neural crest-derived stem cells, adventitial progenitor cells, and adipose-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nakagomi
- 1 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakano-Doi
- 1 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Kawamura
- 1 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo, Japan .,2 Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuyama
- 1 Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Hyogo College of Medicine , Hyogo, Japan
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Kumar DV, Hemavathy S, Kulkarni D, Rudraiah PM, Sidramayya Mathpati SK, Priya S. Expression of CD105 in tumor angiogenesis a comparative study (ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumor and dentigerous cyst). J Int Oral Health 2015; 7:23-7. [PMID: 26124595 PMCID: PMC4479768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demonstrate the expression of CD105 (angiogenetic marker) in ameloblastoma (AM), keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) and dentigerous cyst (DC). MATERIAL AND METHODS Assessment of microvessel density (MVD) in 70 cases, including 20 KCOT, 20 DC and 20 solid AMs. Assessment of MVD should be done as the mean number of microvessels per high-power-field. RESULTS AM and KCOT demonstrated a higher mean value of 7.98 (±2.70) and 6.25 (±2.88) respectively while DC demonstrated a lower mean of 3.75 (±1.42). There was no statistically significant difference between AM and KCOT (P > 0.05). The difference between AM and DC; and between KCOT and DC were statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study suggested that angiogenesis may be one of the mechanisms possibly contributing to the different biological behaviors of KCOT, DCs and solid AMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandena Vinay Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral Pathology, AME’S Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India,Correspondence: Dr. Kumar DV. Address: d/n 9/313 Maratwadi, Adoni - 518 301, Andhra Pradesh, India. Phone: +91-9035002480.
| | - Satheavanthan Hemavathy
- Professor and Head, Oral Pathology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru; Karnataka, India
| | - Dinraj Kulkarni
- Assistant Professor, Oral Pathology, MA Rangoonwala Dental College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Sharan Priya
- Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative and Endodontics, HKDET’s Trust Dental College and Hospitak, Humnabad, Bidar, Karnataka, India
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Vascular pattern in enchondroma and chondrosarcoma: clinical and immunohistologic study. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2015; 22:600-5. [PMID: 24897071 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e3182a8da2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although cartilaginous tumors have low microvascular density, vessels are important for the provision of nutrition so that the tumor can grow and generate metastasis. The aim of this study was to assess the value of the vascular pattern classification as a prognostic tool in chondrosarcomas (CSs) and its relation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of 21 enchondromas and 57 conventional CSs. Clinical data and outcome were retrieved from medical files. CSs histologic grades (on a scale of 1 to 3) were determined according to the World Health Organization classification. The vascular pattern (on a scale of A to C) was assessed through CD34, according to Kalinski. CD105 and VEGF were also evaluated. RESULTS Poor outcome was significantly associated with vascular pattern groups B and C. Higher vascular pattern were 6.5 times more frequent in moderate-grade and high-grade CSs than in grade 1 CS. On multivariate analysis, a clear correlation was found between VEGF overexpression and B/C vascular patterns. Only 18 (benign and malignant) tumors stained for CD105. DISCUSSION The results point to the use of the vascular pattern classification as a prognostic tool in CSs and to differentiate low-grade from moderate-grade/high-grade CSs. Vascular pattern might be also used to complement histologic grade, VEGF immunostaining, and microvascular density, for indicating a patient's prognosis. Low-grade CSs develop under low neoangiogenesis, which conforms to the slow growth rate of these tumors.
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Nijmeh H, Balasubramaniam V, Burns N, Ahmad A, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya EV. High proliferative potential endothelial colony-forming cells contribute to hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery vasa vasorum neovascularization. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L661-71. [PMID: 24508729 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00244.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic expansion of the vasa vasorum (VV) is an important contributor to pulmonary vascular remodeling in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). High proliferative potential endothelial progenitor-like cells have been described in vascular remodeling and angiogenesis in both systemic and pulmonary circulations. However, their role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery (PA) VV expansion in PH is not known. We hypothesized that profound PA VV neovascularization observed in a neonatal calf model of hypoxia-induced PH is due to increased numbers of subsets of high proliferative cells within the PA adventitial VV endothelial cells (VVEC). Using a single cell clonogenic assay, we found that high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC) comprise a markedly higher percentage in VVEC populations isolated from the PA of hypoxic (VVEC-Hx) compared with control (VVEC-Co) calves. VVEC-Hx populations that comprised higher numbers of HPP-CFC also demonstrated markedly higher expression levels of CD31, CD105, and c-kit than VVEC-Co. In addition, significantly higher expression of CD31, CD105, and c-kit was observed in HPP-CFC vs. the VVEC of the control but not of hypoxic animals. HPP-CFC exhibited migratory and tube formation capabilities, two important attributes of angiogenic phenotype. Furthermore, HPP-CFC-Co and some HPP-CFC-Hx exhibited elevated telomerase activity, consistent with their high replicative potential, whereas a number of HPP-CFC-Hx exhibited impaired telomerase activity, suggestive of their senescence state. In conclusion, our data suggest that hypoxia-induced VV expansion involves an emergence of HPP-CFC populations of a distinct phenotype with increased angiogenic capabilities. These cells may serve as a potential target for regulating VVEC neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Nijmeh
- Univ. of Colorado Denver, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Box B131, Research 2, Rm. 6119, 12700 E. 19th Ave., Aurora, CO 80045.
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Orbay H, Hong H, Zhang Y, Cai W. Positron emission tomography imaging of atherosclerosis. Theranostics 2013; 3:894-902. [PMID: 24312158 PMCID: PMC3841339 DOI: 10.7150/thno.5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular events are the leading causes of death in the industrialized world. Atherosclerosis develops insidiously and the initial manifestation is usually sudden cardiac death, stroke, or myocardial infarction. Molecular imaging is a valuable tool to identify the disease at an early stage before fatal manifestations occur. Among the various molecular imaging techniques, this review mainly focuses on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of atherosclerosis. The targets and pathways that have been investigated to date for PET imaging of atherosclerosis include: glycolysis, cell membrane metabolism (phosphatidylcholine synthesis), integrin αvβ3, low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors (LDLr), natriuretic peptide clearance receptors (NPCRs), fatty acid synthesis, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), macrophages, platelets, etc. Many PET tracers have been investigated clinically for imaging of atherosclerosis. Early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions by PET imaging can help to prevent the premature death caused by atherosclerosis, and smooth translation of promising PET tracers into the clinic is critical to the benefit of patients.
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Calcagno C, Robson PM, Ramachandran S, Mani V, Kotys-Traughber M, Cham M, Fischer SE, Fayad ZA. SHILO, a novel dual imaging approach for simultaneous HI-/LOw temporal (Low-/Hi-spatial) resolution imaging for vascular dynamic contrast enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance: numerical simulations and feasibility in the carotid arteries. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2013; 15:42. [PMID: 23706156 PMCID: PMC3668185 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-15-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is increasingly used to quantify microvessels and permeability in atherosclerosis. Accurate quantification depends on reliable sampling of both vessel wall (VW) uptake and contrast agent dynamic in the blood plasma (the so called arterial input function, AIF). This poses specific challenges in terms of spatial/temporal resolution and matched dynamic MR signal range, which are suboptimal in current vascular DCE-CMR protocols. In this study we describe a novel dual-imaging approach, which allows acquiring simultaneously AIF and VW images using different spatial/temporal resolution and optimizes imaging parameters for the two compartments. We refer to this new acquisition as SHILO, Simultaneous HI-/LOw-temporal (low-/hi-spatial) resolution DCE-imaging. METHODS In SHILO, the acquisition of low spatial resolution single-shot AIF images is interleaved with segments of higher spatial resolution images of the VW. This allows sampling the AIF and VW with different spatial/temporal resolution and acquisition parameters, at independent spatial locations. We show the adequacy of this temporal sampling scheme by using numerical simulations. Following, we validate the MR signal of SHILO against a standard 2D spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) acquisition with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Finally, we show feasibility of using SHILO imaging in subjects with carotid atherosclerosis. RESULTS Our simulations confirmed the superiority of the SHILO temporal sampling scheme over conventional strategies that sample AIF and tissue curves at the same time resolution. Both the median relative errors and standard deviation of absolute parameter values were lower for the SHILO than for conventional sampling schemes. We showed equivalency of the SHILO signal and conventional 2D SPGR imaging, using both in vitro phantom experiments (R2 =0.99) and in vivo acquisitions (R2 =0.95). Finally, we showed feasibility of using the newly developed SHILO sequence to acquire DCE-CMR data in subjects with carotid atherosclerosis to calculate plaque perfusion indices. CONCLUSIONS We successfully demonstrate the feasibility of using the newly developed SHILO dual-imaging technique for simultaneous AIF and VW imaging in DCE-CMR of atherosclerosis. Our initial results are promising and warrant further investigation of this technique in wider studies measuring kinetic parameters of plaque neovascularization with validation against gold standard techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Calcagno
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Imaging Science Laboratories, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Philip M Robson
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Imaging Science Laboratories, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarayu Ramachandran
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Imaging Science Laboratories, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Venkatesh Mani
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Imaging Science Laboratories, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Matthew Cham
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Imaging Science Laboratories, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Stefan E Fischer
- MR Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare, 595 Miner Road, Cleveland, OH 44143, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Imaging Science Laboratories, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1234, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Microvascular proliferations in arteriovenous malformations relate to high-flow characteristics, inflammation, and previous therapeutic embolization of the lesion. J Am Acad Dermatol 2012; 68:638-646. [PMID: 23266341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Episodes of microvascular proliferation associated with volume expansion have been observed in arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of skin and soft tissue. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the relationship between a microvascular proliferative response and flow velocity in AVMs. METHODS Resection specimens of 80 AVMs were clinically categorized as either high- or low-flow lesions, and histopathologically screened for the presence of microvessels, inflammation, thrombosis, or a combination of these. Immunohistochemistry was performed with endoglin (CD105), von Willebrand factor, and fibrinogen antibodies. RESULTS Clinically, 37 AVMs were classified as high-flow lesions and 43 as low-flow lesions. In 81% of high-flow lesions microvascular proliferations were seen versus in 14% of low-flow lesions (P < .005). In high-flow lesions, which were embolized before surgery (30% of all), 88% showed microvascular proliferation, 88% inflammation, and 33% thrombosis. However, similar vasoproliferative responses were also observed in nonembolized AVM (69% high-flow and 14% low-flow lesions). Endoglin was more frequently expressed in high-flow lesions. Extracellular von Willebrand factor staining was found in most lesions, irrespective of flow type or presence of microvascular proliferations. LIMITATIONS The study was carried out at a single tertiary referral center. CONCLUSIONS Microvascular proliferative masses in AVMs appear to be strongly associated with high-flow characteristics. This could be explained to some extent by previous therapeutic embolization and/or inflammation in the lesion. However, occurrence of similar microvascular responses in AVM that were not embolized before surgery suggests that the biomechanical effects of high flow in these lesions may also have an angiogenic effect.
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GVHD after allogeneic haematopoietic SCT for AML: angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor and VEGF receptor expression in the BM. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:715-21. [PMID: 23085826 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting that both angiogenesis and endothelial injury are involved in GVHD. To study the dynamics of angiogenesis, we examined 26 patients with AML who had undergone allogeneic haematopoietic SCT. All were in CR and had either acute GVHD (aGVHD) or chronic GVHD (cGVHD). We performed immunohistochemical studies of BM microvessel density (MVD) using Abs against vascular-endothelial (VE)-cadherin, CD34 and CD105, and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. At the time of diagnosis, the MVD in AML patients was higher than that in the normal controls, and the MVD decreased after induction chemotherapy. Patients with aGVHD had a significantly higher MVD than patients without aGVHD. Conversely, patients with cGVHD did not have a significantly different MVD. In previous aGVHD, we also found more VEGF+ megakaryocytes. XY FISH in sex-mismatched patients showed that the BM blood vessels consisted mainly of recipient endothelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that new vessel formation and the VEGF/VEGFR system are involved in aGVHD.
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Li X, van der Meer JJ, van der Loos CM, Ploegmakers HJP, de Boer OJ, de Winter RJ, van der Wal AC. Microvascular endoglin (CD105) expression correlates with tissue markers for atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in an ageing population with multivessel coronary artery disease. Histopathology 2012; 61:88-97. [PMID: 22463585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are lesions with a high propensity to develop plaque disruption and superimposed thrombosis. No systematic studies have been carried out on tissue markers for plaque vulnerability throughout the entire coronary artery system at the end stages of coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine autopsied patients (mean age 77 years) with angiographically severe trivascular coronary atherosclerosis were selected for this study. All visible lesions in postmortem coronary angiograms (n = 125) were histologically and immunohistochemically screened for the presence of intraplaque haemorrhages (activated) microvessels and inflammatory infiltrates. Intraplaque haemorrhages were observed in 76/125 plaques (61%). Chronic inflammation was found superficially in 59/125 plaques (47%) and deeply inside the plaque tissue in 103/125 plaques (83%). Microvessels were found in 100/125 lesions (80%), of which 58% showed endothelial expression of the vascular activation marker CD105. Moreover, microvascular CD105 positivity correlated positively with plaque haemorrhage and deeply seated plaque inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Plaque inflammation and haemorrhages can be found at a high frequency throughout the coronary artery system of elderly patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis. Microvascular expression of endoglin (CD105), which correlates positively with both of these features of plaque vulnerability, can serve as a marker of the risk of developing coronary thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Blaha M, Cermanova M, Blaha V, Jarolim P, Andrys C, Blazek M, Maly J, Smolej L, Zajic J, Masin V, Zimova R, Rehacek V. Elevated serum soluble endoglin (sCD105) decreased during extracorporeal elimination therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2007; 224:4-11. [PMID: 17540382 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracorporeal elimination is a method of LDL-lowering therapy that is used in severe familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) after other therapeutic approaches have failed. There are currently no universally accepted biomarkers that would allow determining necessary intensity of therapy and frequency of future therapeutic interventions. An ideal tool for immediate evaluation would be a readily measurable serum marker. We hypothesized that soluble endoglin (sCD105), a recently described indicator of endothelial dysfunction, may represent such a tool. Eleven patients with FH (three homozygous, eight heterozygous; Fredrickson type IIa, IIb) that have been monitored for 4.5+/-2.8 years were treated; eight by LDL-apheresis and three by hemorheopheresis. 40 sCD105 measurements were done, before and after two consecutive elimination procedures. Baseline serum sCD105 levels were significantly higher in the patients (5.74+/-1.47 microg/l in series I, 6.85+/-1.85 microg/l in series II) than in the control group (3.85+/-1.25 microg/l). They decreased to normal after LDL-elimination (p=0.0003) in all except for one patient. This return to normal was not due to a non-specific capture of endoglin in adsorption or filtration columns as demonstrated by measurement of sCD105 before and after passage through the elimination media. We conclude that the soluble endoglin levels in patients with severe FH remain elevated despite long-term intensive therapy and that they decrease after extracorporeal elimination. Endoglin can therefore serve as a marker for evaluation of the treatment efficacy and of the decreased atherosclerotic activity in patients with FH treated by extracorporeal LDL-cholesterol elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Blaha
- 2nd Internal Clinic, Charles University School of Medicine and the Faculty Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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