1
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Jalil ZH, Sahib HB. Antiangiogenic Activity of Quinine Alone and in Combination with vitamin C in both ex vivo and in vivo Assays. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2022; 23:4185-4192. [PMID: 36580001 PMCID: PMC9971453 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2022.23.12.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenesis is the process of vascularization from preexisting blood vessels. It is essential for many physiological and pathological processes. Quinine is an anti-malarial agent belongs to the quinoline alkaloid that can inhibit angiogenesis. Vitamin C is also an important antioxidant and has been shown to reduce angiogenesis in tumor. OBJECTIVE The study was aimed at investigating the effect of quinine alone and in combination with vitamin C on angiogenesis process. MATERIALS AND METHODS 12 to 14 weeks old male albino rats were used for the study. Quinine was prepared by dissolving in DMSO and was serially diluted. The rat aorta ring assay was employed to investigate the antiangiogenic effect of quinine ex vivo. An in vivo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay was used to measure the blood vessels inhibition zone by quinine. The zone of inhibition was calculated as the mean inhibition area of a blood vessel in mm±SD.The obtained data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The results revealed that quinine has a significant dose-dependent inhibition effect on the growth of blood vessels by 98% ± 0.07 in concentration 100µg/ml when compared to the negative control. moreover, the inhibition of blood vessels growth as a measure of the antiangiogenic activity of quinine in combination with vitamin C shows a synergistic effect when the concentration that inhibit 50% of blood vessels growth (IC50) which equals to 5.05 µg/ml resulted in 85% of growth inhibition when combined with IC50 of vitamin C which equals to 22..87µg/ml. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the activity of quinine with vitamin C synergism can greatly lower blood vessels growth in rat aorta rings and CAM assays. Quininehas an inhibitory effect on tumor and can be utilized as an antiangiogenic agent alone or in combination with vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab H Jalil
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq. ,For Correspondence:
| | - Hayder B Sahib
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Nahrain University, Iraq.
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2
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Abstract
Significance: Vitamin C (ascorbate), in regard to its effectiveness against malignancies, has had a controversial history in cancer treatment. It has been shown that in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy of ascorbate relies on its pro-oxidant effect mainly from an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). A growing understanding of its anticancer activities and pharmacokinetic properties has prompted scientists to re-evaluate the significance of ascorbate in cancer treatment. Recent Advances: A recent resurge in ascorbate research emerged after discovering that, at high doses, ascorbate preferentially kills Kirsten-Ras (K-ras)- and B-raf oncogene (BRAF)-mutant cancer cells. In addition, some of the main hallmarks of cancer cells, such as redox homeostasis and oxygen-sensing regulation (through inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha [HIF-1α] activity), are affected by vitamin C. Critical Issues: Currently, there is no clear consensus from the literature in regard to the beneficial effects of antioxidants. Results from both human and animal studies provide no clear evidence about the benefit of antioxidant treatment in preventing or suppressing cancer development. Since pro-oxidants may affect both normal and tumor cells, the extremely low toxicity of ascorbate represents a main advantage. This guarantees the safe inclusion of ascorbate in clinical protocols to treat cancer patients. Future Directions: Current research could focus on elucidating the wide array of reactions between ascorbate and reactive species, namely ROS, reactive nitrogen species as well as reactive sulfide species, and their intracellular molecular targets. Unraveling these mechanisms could allow researchers to assess what could be the optimal combination of ascorbate with standard treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Glorieux
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Pedro Buc Calderon
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile.,Research Group in Metabolism and Nutrition, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Szklanny AA, Machour M, Redenski I, Chochola V, Goldfracht I, Kaplan B, Epshtein M, Simaan Yameen H, Merdler U, Feinberg A, Seliktar D, Korin N, Jaroš J, Levenberg S. 3D Bioprinting of Engineered Tissue Flaps with Hierarchical Vessel Networks (VesselNet) for Direct Host-To-Implant Perfusion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102661. [PMID: 34510579 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Engineering hierarchical vasculatures is critical for creating implantable functional thick tissues. Current approaches focus on fabricating mesoscale vessels for implantation or hierarchical microvascular in vitro models, but a combined approach is yet to be achieved to create engineered tissue flaps. Here, millimetric vessel-like scaffolds and 3D bioprinted vascularized tissues interconnect, creating fully engineered hierarchical vascular constructs for implantation. Endothelial and support cells spontaneously form microvascular networks in bioprinted tissues using a human collagen bioink. Sacrificial molds are used to create polymeric vessel-like scaffolds and endothelial cells seeded in their lumen form native-like endothelia. Assembling endothelialized scaffolds within vascularizing hydrogels incites the bioprinted vasculature and endothelium to cooperatively create vessels, enabling tissue perfusion through the scaffold lumen. Using a cuffing microsurgery approach, the engineered tissue is directly anastomosed with a rat femoral artery, promoting a rich host vasculature within the implanted tissue. After two weeks in vivo, contrast microcomputer tomography imaging and lectin perfusion of explanted engineered tissues verify the host ingrowth vasculature's functionality. Furthermore, the hierarchical vessel network (VesselNet) supports in vitro functionality of cardiomyocytes. Finally, the proposed approach is expanded to mimic complex structures with native-like millimetric vessels. This work presents a novel strategy aiming to create fully-engineered patient-specific thick tissue flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Szklanny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Majd Machour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Idan Redenski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Václav Chochola
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Idit Goldfracht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Ben Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Mark Epshtein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Haneen Simaan Yameen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Uri Merdler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Adam Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Netanel Korin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Josef Jaroš
- Cell and Tissue Regeneration, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, 65691, Czech Republic
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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4
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Abiri B, Vafa M. Vitamin C and Cancer: The Role of Vitamin C in Disease Progression and Quality of Life in Cancer Patients. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1282-1292. [PMID: 32691657 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1795692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Much attention has been put on antioxidants as potential preventive and therapeutic agents against cancer. Vitamin C, an important antioxidant with anti-inflammatory and immune system enhancement features, could provide protection against cancer. However, experimental and epidemiologic evidence on vitamin C and cancer risk are still indefinite. Substantial literature reports that cancer patients experience vitamin C deficiency associated with decreased oral intake, infection, inflammation, disease processes, and treatments such as radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. Studies demonstrate associations between IVC and inflammation biomarkers and propose some amelioration in symptoms, with a possible advantage in quality of life (QoL) when intravenous vitamin C (IVC) alone or in combination with oral vitamin C is administered in oncologic care. While, the anticancer impact of high doses of IVC remains debatable in spite of growing evidence that high dose vitamin C shows anti-tumorigenic activity by elevating the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells without meaningful toxicities. Hence, there is an urgent requirement for rigorous and well-controlled assessments of IVC as an adjuvant therapy for cancer before clear conclusions can be drawn. Thus, more clinical trials are required to determine the additive impact of high dose vitamin C in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Islam MT. Angiostatic effects of ascorbic acid: current status and future perspectives. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:275-277. [PMID: 32240427 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis effect of ascorbic acid (AA) is still controversial. However, most of the scientific evidence suggests that AA has anti-angiogenesis effects on a number of test systems, including laboratory animals, human beings, and their derived cell lines. The information provided in this paper suggests that AA may be a hopeful angiostatic agent for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, 8100, Gopalganj, Bangladesh.
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6
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Nordin N, Yeap SK, Rahman HS, Zamberi NR, Abu N, Mohamad NE, How CW, Masarudin MJ, Abdullah R, Alitheen NB. In vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of citral nanostructured lipid carrier on MDA MBA-231 human breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1614. [PMID: 30733560 PMCID: PMC6367486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Very recently, we postulated that the incorporation of citral into nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC-Citral) improves solubility and delivery of the citral without toxic effects in vivo. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate anti-cancer effects of NLC-Citral in MDA MB-231 cells in vitro through the Annexin V, cell cycle, JC-1 and fluorometric assays. Additionally, this study is aimed to effects of NLC-Citral in reducing the tumor weight and size in 4T1 induced murine breast cancer model. Results showed that NLC-Citral induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in MDA MB-231 cells. Furthermore, a prominent anti-metastatic ability of NLC-Citral was demonstrated in vitro using scratch, migration and invasion assays. A significant reduction of migrated and invaded cells was observed in the NLC-Citral treated MDA MB-231 cells. To further evaluate the apoptotic and anti-metastatic mechanism of NLC-Citral at the molecular level, microarray-based gene expression and proteomic profiling were conducted. Based on the result obtained, NLC-Citral was found to regulate several important signaling pathways related to cancer development such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and metastasis signaling pathways. Additionally, gene expression analysis was validated through the targeted RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, the NLC-Citral inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro, majorly through the induction of apoptosis, anti-metastasis, anti-angiogenesis potentials, and reducing the tumor weight and size without altering the therapeutic effects of citral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noraini Nordin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Heshu Sulaiman Rahman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Clinic and Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Nur Rizi Zamberi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,UKM Medical Centre, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Cheras, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Elyani Mohamad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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7
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Ibrahim M, Richardson MK. Beyond organoids: In vitro vasculogenesis and angiogenesis using cells from mammals and zebrafish. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:292-311. [PMID: 28697965 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability to culture complex organs is currently an important goal in biomedical research. It is possible to grow organoids (3D organ-like structures) in vitro; however, a major limitation of organoids, and other 3D culture systems, is the lack of a vascular network. Protocols developed for establishing in vitro vascular networks typically use human or rodent cells. A major technical challenge is the culture of functional (perfused) networks. In this rapidly advancing field, some microfluidic devices are now getting close to the goal of an artificially perfused vascular network. Another development is the emergence of the zebrafish as a complementary model to mammals. In this review, we discuss the culture of endothelial cells and vascular networks from mammalian cells, and examine the prospects for using zebrafish cells for this objective. We also look into the future and consider how vascular networks in vitro might be successfully perfused using microfluidic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ibrahim
- Animal Science and Health Cluster, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Michael K Richardson
- Animal Science and Health Cluster, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
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8
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Radomska-Leśniewska DM, Hevelke A, Skopiński P, Bałan B, Jóźwiak J, Rokicki D, Skopińska-Różewska E, Białoszewska A. Reactive oxygen species and synthetic antioxidants as angiogenesis modulators: Clinical implications. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:462-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Zhao L, Quan Y, Wang J, Wang F, Zheng Y, Zhou A. Vitamin C inhibit the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition of lens epithelial cells by destabilizing HIF-1α. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:15155-15163. [PMID: 26628999 PMCID: PMC4658888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO), the main complication of cataract surgery, is mainly caused by the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of the residual lens epithelial cells (LECs).Vitamin C was reported to reduce the risk of forming a cataract. However, there has been no study showing the association between vitamin C and PCO. In this study, we found that vitamin C could inhibit the migration and proliferation of human lens epithelial cells. We also found that vitamin C could increase the proline hydroxylation of HIF-1α and reduce the activity of HIF-1α. Moreover, vitamin C could not inhibit the activity of proline-mutant HIF-1α (402/564). Overexpression of wild-type HIF-1α or proline-mutant HIF-1α was found to increase the proliferation and migration of human lens epithelial cells. Differently, vitamin C could inhibit the proliferation and migration in wild-type HIF-1α-overexpressing lens epithelial cells but not the proline-mutant HIF-1α-overexpressing cells. Additionally, vitamin C was also found to inhibit the expression of EMT transcription factors TWIST. We then found that vitamin C could repress the EMT phenotypes induced by the overexpression of wild-type HIF-1α but not the proline-mutant HIF-1α. These results provide evidence that vitamin C plays a role in the repression of proliferation, migration, and EMT of human lens epithelial cells by destabilizing HIF-1α.
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10
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Lee PC, Yang YY, Huang CS, Hsieh SL, Lee KC, Hsieh YC, Lee TY, Lin HC. Concomitant inhibition of oxidative stress and angiogenesis by chronic hydrogen-rich saline and N-acetylcysteine treatments improves systemic, splanchnic and hepatic hemodynamics of cirrhotic rats. Hepatol Res 2015; 45:578-88. [PMID: 24961937 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM In cirrhosis, increased oxidative stress leads to systemic and splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation, splanchnic angiogenesis, portosystemic collateral formation, hepatic endothelial dysfunction, increased intrahepatic resistance and the subsequent portal hypertension. Like N-acetylcysteine, hydrogen-rich saline is a new documented antioxidant with the potential to treat the complications of liver diseases. METHODS In this study, hemodynamics, splanchnic angiogenesis and hepatic endothelial dysfunction were measured in common bile duct ligation (BDL)-cirrhotic rats receiving 1-month treatment of vehicle, N-acetylcysteine and hydrogen-rich saline immediately after BDL. Additionally, acute effects of N-acetylcysteine and hydrogen-rich saline on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tubule formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were also evaluated. RESULTS The data indicate that 1-month treatment of N-acetylcysteine or hydrogen-rich saline significantly ameliorated systemic and splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation, corrected hepatic endothelial dysfunction, and decreased intrahepatic resistance and mesenteric angiogenesis by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, VEGF and reducing mesenteric oxidative stress in cirrhotic rats. In vivo studies revealed that acute co-incubation of N-acetylcysteine or hydrogen-rich saline with VEGF effectively suppressed VEGF-induced angiogenesis and migration of HUVEC accompanied by decreasing of oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Both hydrogen-rich saline and N-acetylcysteine alleviate portal hypertension, the severity of portosystemic collaterals, mesenteric angiogenesis, hepatic endothelial dysfunction and intrahepatic resistance in cirrhotic rats. N-Acetylcysteine and the new antioxidant, hydrogen-rich saline are potential treatments for the complications of cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chang Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Fritz H, Flower G, Weeks L, Cooley K, Callachan M, McGowan J, Skidmore B, Kirchner L, Seely D. Intravenous Vitamin C and Cancer: A Systematic Review. Integr Cancer Ther 2014; 13:280-300. [PMID: 24867961 DOI: 10.1177/1534735414534463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenous vitamin C (IVC) is a contentious adjunctive cancer therapy, widely used in naturopathic and integrative oncology settings. We conducted a systematic review of human interventional and observational studies assessing IVC for use in cancer patients. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and AMED from inception to April 2013 for human studies examining the safety, effectiveness, or pharmacokinetics of IVC use in cancer patients. RESULTS Of 897 records, a total of 39 reports of 37 studies were included: 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 15 uncontrolled trials, 6 observational studies, and 14 case reports. IVC dosing ranged from 1 g to more than 200 g ascorbic acid per infusion, typically administered 2 to 3 times weekly. IVC does not appear to increase toxicity or interfere with antitumor effects of gemcitabine/erlotinib therapy or paclitaxel and carboplatin. Based on 1 RCT and data from uncontrolled human trials, IVC may improve time to relapse and possibly enhance reductions in tumor mass and improve survival in combination with chemotherapy. IVC may improve quality of life, physical function, and toxicities associated with chemotherapy, including fatigue, nausea, insomnia, constipation, and depression. Case reports document several instances of tumor regression and long-term disease-free survival associated with use of IVC. CONCLUSION There is limited high-quality clinical evidence on the safety and effectiveness of IVC. The existing evidence is preliminary and cannot be considered conclusive but is suggestive of a good safety profile and potentially important antitumor activity; however, more rigorous evidence is needed to conclusively demonstrate these effects. IVC may improve the quality of life and symptom severity of patients with cancer, and several cases of cancer remission have been reported. Well-designed, controlled studies of IVC therapy are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Fritz
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gillian Flower
- Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Weeks
- Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kieran Cooley
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jessie McGowan
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Becky Skidmore
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Dugald Seely
- Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Integrative Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Kang T, Gao X, Hu Q, Jiang D, Feng X, Zhang X, Song Q, Yao L, Huang M, Jiang X, Pang Z, Chen H, Chen J. iNGR-modified PEG-PLGA nanoparticles that recognize tumor vasculature and penetrate gliomas. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4319-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Mousseau Y, Mollard S, Qiu H, Richard L, Cazal R, Nizou A, Vedrenne N, Rémi S, Baaj Y, Fourcade L, Funalot B, Sturtz FG. In vitro 3D angiogenesis assay in egg white matrix: comparison to Matrigel, compatibility to various species, and suitability for drug testing. J Transl Med 2014; 94:340-9. [PMID: 24395110 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro angiogenesis assays are commonly used to assess pro- or anti-angiogenic drug properties. Extracellular matrix (ECM) substitutes such as Matrigel and collagen gel became very popular in in vitro 3D angiogenesis assays as they enable tubule formation by endothelial cells from culture or aortic rings. However, these assays are usually used with a single cell type, lacking the complex cellular interactions occurring during angiogenesis. Here, we report a novel angiogenesis assay using egg white as ECM substitute. We found that, similar to Matrigel, egg white elicited prevascular network formation by endothelial and/or smooth muscle cell coculture. This matrix was suitable for various cells from human, mouse, and rat origin. It is compatible with aortic ring assay and also enables vascular and tumor cell coculture. Through simple labeling (DAPI, Hoechst 33258), cell location and resulting prevascular network formation can easily be quantified. Cell transfection with green fluorescent protein improved whole cell visualization and 3D structure characterization. Finally, egg-based assay dedicated to angiogenesis studies represents a reliable and cost-effective way to produce and analyze data regarding drug effects on vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoanne Mousseau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Séverine Mollard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Raphael Cazal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Angélique Nizou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | | | - Yasser Baaj
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Fourcade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Benoit Funalot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
| | - Franck G Sturtz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, EA 6063, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France
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14
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May JM, Harrison FE. Role of vitamin C in the function of the vascular endothelium. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2068-83. [PMID: 23581713 PMCID: PMC3869438 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, has long been known to participate in several important functions in the vascular bed in support of endothelial cells. These functions include increasing the synthesis and deposition of type IV collagen in the basement membrane, stimulating endothelial proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, scavenging radical species, and sparing endothelial cell-derived nitric oxide to help modulate blood flow. Although ascorbate may not be able to reverse inflammatory vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, it may well play a role in preventing the endothelial dysfunction that is the earliest sign of many such diseases. RECENT ADVANCES Beyond simply preventing scurvy, evidence is mounting that ascorbate is required for optimal function of many dioxygenase enzymes in addition to those involved in collagen synthesis. Several of these enzymes regulate the transcription of proteins involved in endothelial function, proliferation, and survival, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and histone and DNA demethylases. More recently, ascorbate has been found to acutely tighten the endothelial permeability barrier and, thus, may modulate access of ascorbate and other molecules into tissues and organs. CRITICAL ISSUES The issue of the optimal cellular content of ascorbate remains unresolved, but it appears that low millimolar ascorbate concentrations are normal in most animal tissues, in human leukocytes, and probably in the endothelium. Although there may be little benefit of increasing near maximal cellular ascorbate concentrations in normal people, many diseases and conditions have either systemic or localized cellular ascorbate deficiency as a cause for endothelial dysfunction, including early atherosclerosis, sepsis, smoking, and diabetes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A key focus for future studies of ascorbate and the vascular endothelium will likely be to determine the mechanisms and clinical relevance of ascorbate effects on endothelial function, permeability, and survival in diseases that cause endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M May
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville, Tennessee
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Mikirova N, Casciari J, Riordan N, Hunninghake R. Clinical experience with intravenous administration of ascorbic acid: achievable levels in blood for different states of inflammation and disease in cancer patients. J Transl Med 2013; 11:191. [PMID: 23947403 PMCID: PMC3751545 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascorbic acid (vitamin C, ascorbate) is a key water soluble antioxidant that, when administered in doses well above its recommended dietary allowance, may have preventative and therapeutic value against a number of pathologies. The intravenous administration of high dose ascorbate (IVC) has increased in popularity among complementary and alternative medicine practitioners: thousands of patients received IVC, at an average dose of 0.5 g/kg, without significant side effects. While IVC may have a variety of possible applications, it has generated the most interest for its potential use in treating cancer. METHODS Medical records of patients with cancer treated with IVC at the Riordan Clinic were retrospectively reviewed. Cancer patients, for whom plasma ascorbate concentration data before and after treatment were available, along with C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements, were chosen for analysis. RESULTS The results of the analysis can be summarized as follows. IVC produces peak plasma ascorbate concentrations on the order of ten millimolars with lower peak plasma concentrations obtained in cancer patients as compared to healthy subjects. Cancer patients who are deficient in vitamin C prior to therapy tend to achieve lower plasma levels post infusion. High inflammation or tumor burdens, as measured by CRP or tumor antigen levels, tend to lower peak plasma ascorbate levels after IVC. When compared to patients with localized tumors, patients with metastatic tumors tend to achieve lower post infusion plasma ascorbate concentrations. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that, while potentially therapeutic plasma ascorbate concentrations can be achieved with IVC, levels attained will vary based on tumor burden and degree of inflammation (among other factors). Evidence suggests that IVC may be able to modulate inflammation, which in turn might improve outcomes for cancer patients. IVC may serve as a safe, adjunctive therapy in clinical cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mikirova
- Riordan Clinic, 3100 N. Hillside, Wichita, KS 67219, USA
| | | | - Neil Riordan
- Riordan Clinic, 3100 N. Hillside, Wichita, KS 67219, USA
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Mikirova N, Casciari J, Rogers A, Taylor P. Effect of high-dose intravenous vitamin C on inflammation in cancer patients. J Transl Med 2012; 10:189. [PMID: 22963460 PMCID: PMC3480897 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inflammatory component is present in the microenvironment of most neoplastic tissues. Inflammation and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) are associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival in many types of cancer.Vitamin C has been suggested as having both a preventative and therapeutic role in a number of pathologies when administered at much higher-than-recommended dietary allowance levels.Since in vitro studies demonstrated inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways by millimolar concentrations of vitamin C, we decided to analyze the effects of high dose IVC therapy in suppression of inflammation in cancer patients. METHODS 45 patients with prostate cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, skin cancer and B-cell lymphoma were treated at the Riordan Clinic by high doses of vitamin C (7.5 g -50 g) after standard treatments by conventional methods.CRP and tumor markers were measured in serum or heparin-plasma as a routine analysis. In addition, serum samples were collected before and after the IVCs for the cytokine kit tests. RESULTS According to our data positive response to treatment, which was demonstrated by measurements of C- reactive protein, was found in 75% of patients and progression of the inflammation in 25% of patients. IVC treatments on all aggressive stage cancer patients showed the poor response of treatment.There was correlation between tumor markers (PSA, CEA, CA27.29 and CA15-3) and changes in the levels of C-reactive protein.Our test of the effect of IVC on pro-inflammatory cytokines demonstrated that inflammation cytokines IL-1α, IL-2, IL-8, TNF-α, chemokine eotaxin and CRP were reduced significantly after treatments. CONCLUSIONS The high dose intravenous ascorbic acid therapy affects C-reactive protein levels and pro-inflammation cytokines in cancer patients. In our study, we found that modulation of inflammation by IVC correlated with decreases in tumor marker levels.In summary, our data support the hypothesis that high dose intravenous ascorbate treatments may reduce inflammation in cancer patients. Our results suggest that further investigations into the use of IVC to reduce inflammation in diseases where inflammation is relevant are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mikirova
- Riordan Clinic, 3100 North Hillside, Wichita, KS, USA
| | | | - Andrea Rogers
- Riordan Clinic, 3100 North Hillside, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Paul Taylor
- Riordan Clinic, 3100 North Hillside, Wichita, KS, USA
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Gao J, Liu R, Wu J, Liu Z, Li J, Zhou J, Hao T, Wang Y, Du Z, Duan C, Wang C. The use of chitosan based hydrogel for enhancing the therapeutic benefits of adipose-derived MSCs for acute kidney injury. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3673-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gonzalez MJ, Miranda Massari JR, Duconge J, Riordan NH, Ichim T. Schedule Dependence in Cancer Therapy: Intravenous Vitamin C and the Systemic Saturation Hypothesis. JOURNAL OF ORTHOMOLECULAR MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ACADEMY OF ORTHOMOLECULAR MEDICINE 2012; 27:9-12. [PMID: 24860238 PMCID: PMC4031610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant number of in vitro and in vivo studies to assess vitamin C effects on cancer following the application of large doses and its extensive use by alternative medicine practitioners in the USA; the precise schedule for successful cancer therapy is still unknown. Based on interpretation of the available data, we postulate that the relationship between Vitamin C doses and plasma concentration x time, the capability of tissue stores upon distribution, and the saturable mechanism of urinary excretion are all important determinants to understand the physiology of high intravenous vitamin C dose administration and its effect on cancer. Practitioners should pay more attention to the cumulative vitamin C effect instead of the vitamin C concentrations to account for observed discrepancy in antitumor response. We suggest that multiple, intermittent, short-term intravenous infusions of vitamin C over a longer time period will correlate with greater antitumor effects than do single continuous IV doses of the same total exposure. This approach would be expected to minimize saturation of renal reabsorption, providing a continuous "dynamic flow" of vitamin C in the body for optimal systemic exposure and clinical outcomes. This prevents the "systemic saturation" phenomena, which may recycle vitamin C and render it less effective as an anticancer agent. Nonetheless, more pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies are needed to fully understand this schedule-dependence phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Gonzalez
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, RECNAC 2 Project, School of Public Health, Dept. Human Development, Nutrition Program, GPO Box 365067, San Juan, PR 00936
| | - Jorge R. Miranda Massari
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Pharmacy, Dept Pharmacy Practice, 3100 N Hillside Ave. Wichita, KS 67219
| | - Jorge Duconge
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Pharmacy, Dept. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3100 N Hillside Ave. Wichita, KS 67219
| | | | - Thomas Ichim
- Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside Ave. Wichita, KS 67219
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Rodríguez P, Higueras MA, González-Rajal A, Alfranca A, Fierro-Fernández M, García-Fernández RA, Ruiz-Hidalgo MJ, Monsalve M, Rodríguez-Pascual F, Redondo JM, de la Pompa JL, Laborda J, Lamas S. The non-canonical NOTCH ligand DLK1 exhibits a novel vascular role as a strong inhibitor of angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:232-41. [PMID: 22068159 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The epidermal growth factor-like protein Delta-like 1 (DLK1) regulates multiple differentiation processes. It resembles NOTCH ligands structurally and is considered a non-canonical ligand. Given the crucial role of the NOTCH pathway in angiogenesis, we hypothesized that DLK1 could regulate angiogenesis by interfering with NOTCH. We therefore investigated the expression and function of DLK1 in the vascular endothelium and its role in the regulation of angiogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We report DLK1 expression in the endothelium of different species, including human, cow, pig, and mouse. Angiogenesis was studied by using in vitro and in vivo models of angiotube formation in endothelial cells, retinal phenotypes in Dlk1-null mice, and vessel development in zebrafish. DLK1 overexpression strongly inhibited angiotube formation, whereas lung endothelial cells from Dlk1-null mice were highly angiogenic. In vivo studies demonstrated DLK1-mediated inhibition of neovessel formation and revealed an altered pattern of angiogenesis in the retinas of Dlk1-null mice. The expression of human DLK1 in zebrafish embryos severely altered the formation of intersegmental vessels, while knockdown of the orthologous gene was associated with ectopic and increased tumour-induced angiogenesis. NOTCH-dependent signalling as determined by gene expression reporters was inhibited by the presence of DLK1 in vascular endothelial cells. In contrast, Dlk1-null mice showed increased levels of NOTCH downstream targets, such as Snail and Slug. CONCLUSION Our results unveil a novel inhibitory role for DLK1 in the regulation of angiogenesis, mediated by antagonism of the NOTCH pathway, and establish the basis for investigating its action in pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rodríguez
- Laboratorio Mixto Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Cyr AR, Domann FE. The redox basis of epigenetic modifications: from mechanisms to functional consequences. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:551-89. [PMID: 20919933 PMCID: PMC3118659 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications represent mechanisms by which cells may effectively translate multiple signaling inputs into phenotypic outputs. Recent research is revealing that redox metabolism is an increasingly important determinant of epigenetic control that may have significant ramifications in both human health and disease. Numerous characterized epigenetic marks, including histone methylation, acetylation, and ADP-ribosylation, as well as DNA methylation, have direct linkages to central metabolism through critical redox intermediates such as NAD(+), S-adenosyl methionine, and 2-oxoglutarate. Fluctuations in these intermediates caused by both normal and pathologic stimuli may thus have direct effects on epigenetic signaling that lead to measurable changes in gene expression. In this comprehensive review, we present surveys of both metabolism-sensitive epigenetic enzymes and the metabolic processes that may play a role in their regulation. To close, we provide a series of clinically relevant illustrations of the communication between metabolism and epigenetics in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer disease, cancer, and environmental toxicity. We anticipate that the regulatory mechanisms described herein will play an increasingly large role in our understanding of human health and disease as epigenetics research progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Cyr
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1181, USA
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Ichim TE, Minev B, Braciak T, Luna B, Hunninghake R, Mikirova NA, Jackson JA, Gonzalez MJ, Miranda-Massari JR, Alexandrescu DT, Dasanu CA, Bogin V, Ancans J, Stevens RB, Markosian B, Koropatnick J, Chen CS, Riordan NH. Intravenous ascorbic acid to prevent and treat cancer-associated sepsis? J Transl Med 2011; 9:25. [PMID: 21375761 PMCID: PMC3061919 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of ascorbic acid (AA) and cancer has been marked with controversy. Clinical studies evaluating AA in cancer outcome continue to the present day. However, the wealth of data suggesting that AA may be highly beneficial in addressing cancer-associated inflammation, particularly progression to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multi organ failure (MOF), has been largely overlooked. Patients with advanced cancer are generally deficient in AA. Once these patients develop septic symptoms, a further decrease in ascorbic acid levels occurs. Given the known role of ascorbate in: a) maintaining endothelial and suppression of inflammatory markers; b) protection from sepsis in animal models; and c) direct antineoplastic effects, we propose the use of ascorbate as an adjuvant to existing modalities in the treatment and prevention of cancer-associated sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Ichim
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
| | - Boris Minev
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Dr, San Diego, California, 92121, USA
| | - Todd Braciak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
- Department of Immunology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 3550 General Atomics Court, La Jolla, California,92121, USA
| | - Brandon Luna
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
| | - Ron Hunninghake
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
| | - Nina A Mikirova
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
| | - James A Jackson
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
| | - Michael J Gonzalez
- Department of Human Development, Nutrition Program, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, 00936-5067, PR
| | - Jorge R Miranda-Massari
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus, School of Pharmacy, San Juan, 00936-5067, PR
| | - Doru T Alexandrescu
- Department of Experimental Studies, Georgetown Dermatology, 3301 New Mexico Ave, Washington DC, 20018, USA
| | - Constantin A Dasanu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Connecticut, 115 North Eagleville Road, Hartford, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Vladimir Bogin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
| | - Janis Ancans
- Department of Surgery, University of Latvia, 19 Raina Blvd, Riga, LV 1586, Latvia
| | - R Brian Stevens
- Department of Surgery, Microbiology, and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 42nd and Emile, Omaha, Nebraska, 86198, USA
| | - Boris Markosian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
| | - James Koropatnick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Oncology, Lawson Health Research Institute and The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, N2G 3M5, Canada
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University,24851 Circle Dr, Loma Linda, California, 92354, USA
| | - Neil H Riordan
- Department of Orthomolecular Studies, Riordan Clinic, 3100 N Hillside, Wichita, Kansas, 67210, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medistem Inc, 9255 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California, 92121. USA
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Venkatesh D, Fredette N, Rostama B, Tang Y, Vary CPH, Liaw L, Urs S. RhoA-mediated signaling in Notch-induced senescence-like growth arrest and endothelial barrier dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:876-82. [PMID: 21273559 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.221945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Notch signaling has a critical role in vascular development and morphogenesis. Activation of Notch in endothelial cells led to a senescence-like phenotype with loss of barrier function. Our objective was to understand the molecular pathways mediating this phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Human primary endothelial cells increase expression of Notch receptors and ligands during propagation in vitro toward natural senescence. This senescence was induced at low passage with Notch activation. We characterized the pathways activated downstream of Notch signaling. Notch was activated by Delta-like 4 ligand or constitutively active Notch receptors and measured for cell proliferation, migration, and sprouting. Notch signaling triggered early senescence in low-passage cells, characterized by increased p53 and p21 expression. The senescence phenotype was associated with hyperpermeability of the monolayer, with disrupted vascular endothelial cadherin and β-catenin levels and localization. Consistent with changes in cell shape and contact, we demonstrated that Notch activation increases myosin light chain phosphorylation by activating Rho kinase. Inhibition of Rho abrogated Notch-induced myosin light chain phosphorylation and led to enhanced barrier function by reorganizing F-actin to β-catenin-containing cell-cell adherens junctions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that RhoA/Rho kinase regulation by Notch signaling in endothelial cells triggers a senescence phenotype associated with endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Venkatesh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
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