1
|
Saha P. Eigenvector Centrality Characterization on fMRI Data: Gender and Node Differences in Normal and ASD Subjects : Author name. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2757-2768. [PMID: 37142901 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
With the budding interests of structural and functional network characteristics as potential parameters for abnormal brains, an essential and thus simpler representation and evaluations have become necessary. Eigenvector centrality measure of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offer region wise network representations through fMRI diagnostic maps. The article investigates the suitability of network node centrality values to discriminate ASD subject groups compared to typically developing controls following a boxplot formalism and a classification and regression tree model. Region wise differences between normal and ASD subjects primarily belong to the frontoparietal, limbic, ventral attention, default mode and visual networks. The reduced number of regions-of-interests (ROI) clearly suggests the benefit of automated supervised machine learning algorithm over the manual classification method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Papri Saha
- Department of Computer Science, Derozio Memorial College, Rajarhat Road, P.O. - R- Gopalpur, Kolkata, 700136, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Levy T, Gluckman J, Siper PM, Halpern D, Zweifach J, Filip-Dhima R, Holder JL, Trelles MP, Johnson K, Bernstein JA, Berry-Kravis E, Powell CM, Soorya LV, Thurm A, Buxbaum JD, Sahin M, Kolevzon A, Srivastava S. Clinical, genetic, and cognitive correlates of seizure occurrences in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:25. [PMID: 38730350 PMCID: PMC11084001 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by SHANK3 haploinsufficiency and is associated with an increased risk for seizures. Previous literature indicates that around one third of individuals with PMS also have epilepsy or seizures, with a wide range of types and ages of onset. Investigating the impact of seizures on intellectual and adaptive functioning for PMS is a primary concern for caregivers and is important to understanding the natural history of this syndrome. METHODS We report on results from 98 individuals enrolled in a prospective, longitudinal study. We detailed seizure frequency, type, and age of onset, and we analyzed seizure occurrence with best estimate IQ, adaptive functioning, clinical features, and genotype. We conducted multiple linear regression analyses to assess the relationship between the presence of seizures and the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, Second Edition (VABS-II) Adaptive Behavior Composite score and the best estimate full-scale IQ. We also performed Chi-square tests to explore associations between seizure prevalence and genetic groupings. Finally, we performed Chi-square tests and t-tests to explore the relationship between seizures and demographic features, features that manifest in infancy, and medical features. RESULTS Seizures were present in 41% of the cohort, and age of onset was widely variable. The presence of seizures was associated with significantly lower adaptive and intellectual functioning. Genotype-phenotype analyses were discrepant, with no differences in seizure prevalence across genetic classes, but with more genes included in deletions of participants with 22q13 deletions and seizures compared to those with 22q13 deletions and no seizures. No clinical associations were found between the presence of seizures and sex, history of pre- or neonatal complications, early infancy, or medical features. In this cohort, generalized seizures were associated with developmental regression, which is a top concern for PMS caregivers. CONCLUSIONS These results begin to eludicate correlates of seizures in individuals with PMS and highlight the importance of early seizure management. Importantly, presence of seizures was associated with adaptive and cognitive functioning. A larger cohort might be able to identify additional associations with medical features. Genetic findings suggest an increased capability to realize genotype-phenotype relationships when deletion size is taken into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tess Levy
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jacob Gluckman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Paige M Siper
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Danielle Halpern
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jessica Zweifach
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rajna Filip-Dhima
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - J Lloyd Holder
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - M Pilar Trelles
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kristina Johnson
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Craig M Powell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 352233, USA
| | - Latha Valluripalli Soorya
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gizzo L, Bliss G, Palaty C, Kolevzon A. Caregiver perspectives on patient-focused drug development for Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:134. [PMID: 38532502 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by SHANK3 haploinsufficiency with clinical manifestations that can be devastating and profoundly affect quality of life. RESULTS The Externally Led Patient-Focused Drug Development (EL-PFDD) meeting was an opportunity for families affected by PMS to share with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) how symptoms impact their lives and how treatments could be most meaningful. The Voice of the Patient report serves as a summary of this meeting to influence upcoming drug development and clinical trials. The purpose of this report is to provide a clinical perspective on the results of the EL-PFDD meeting to amplify the voice of these caregivers to the scientific community. CONCLUSIONS Caregivers prioritize an improved quality of life for their loved ones characterized by improved cognitive function, improved communication, increased independence, and reduced risk of regression. With these caregiver priorities in mind, this report provides the FDA and the scientific community with a clear understanding of which aspects of PMS should influence the development of future therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gizzo
- University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | | | - Chrystal Palaty
- Metaphase Health Research Consulting Inc., Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCoy MD, Sarasua SM, DeLuca JM, Davis S, Rogers RC, Phelan K, Boccuto L. Genetics of kidney disorders in Phelan-McDermid syndrome: evidence from 357 registry participants. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:749-760. [PMID: 37733098 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by SHANK3 pathogenic variants or chromosomal rearrangements affecting the chromosome 22q13 region. Previous research found that kidney disorders, primarily congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract, are common in people with PMS, yet research into candidate genes has been hampered by small study sizes and lack of attention to these problems. METHODS We used a cohort of 357 people from the Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Foundation International Registry to investigate the prevalence of kidney disorders in PMS using a cross-sectional design and to identify 22q13 genes contributing to these disorders. RESULTS Kidney disorders reported included vesicoureteral reflux (n = 37), hydronephrosis (n = 36), dysplastic kidneys (n = 19), increased kidney size (n = 19), polycystic kidneys (15 cases), and kidney stones (n = 4). Out of 315 subjects with a 22q13 deletion, 101 (32%) had at least one kidney disorder, while only one out of 42 (2%) individuals with a SHANK3 pathogenic variant had a kidney disorder (increased kidney size). We identified two genomic regions that were significantly associated with having a kidney disorder with the peak associations observed near positions approximately 5 Mb and 400 Kb from the telomere. CONCLUSIONS The candidate genes for kidney disorders include FBLN1, WNT7B, UPK3A, CELSR1, and PLXNB2. This study demonstrates the utility of patient registries for uncovering genetic contributions to rare diseases. Future work should focus on functional studies for these genes to assess their potential pathogenic contribution to the different subsets of kidney disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan D McCoy
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Sara M Sarasua
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Jane M DeLuca
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Stephanie Davis
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | | | - Katy Phelan
- Genetics Laboratory, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL, 33916, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ioannidis V, Pandey R, Bauer HF, Schön M, Bockmann J, Boeckers TM, Lutz AK. Disrupted extracellular matrix and cell cycle genes in autism-associated Shank3 deficiency are targeted by lithium. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:704-717. [PMID: 38123724 PMCID: PMC11153165 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The Shank3 gene encodes the major postsynaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3. Its mutation causes a syndromic form of autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMDS). It is characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disorders (ID), ASD behavior, affective symptoms, as well as extra-cerebral symptoms. Although Shank3 deficiency causes a variety of molecular alterations, they do not suffice to explain all clinical aspects of this heterogenic syndrome. Since global gene expression alterations in Shank3 deficiency remain inadequately studied, we explored the transcriptome in vitro in primary hippocampal cells from Shank3∆11(-/-) mice, under control and lithium (Li) treatment conditions, and confirmed the findings in vivo. The Shank3∆11(-/-) genotype affected the overall transcriptome. Remarkably, extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell cycle transcriptional programs were disrupted. Accordingly, in the hippocampi of adolescent Shank3∆11(-/-) mice we found proteins of the collagen family and core cell cycle proteins downregulated. In vitro Li treatment of Shank3∆11(-/-) cells had a rescue-like effect on the ECM and cell cycle gene sets. Reversed ECM gene sets were part of a network, regulated by common transcription factors (TF) such as cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) and β-Catenin (CTNNB1), which are known downstream effectors of synaptic activity and targets of Li. These TFs were less abundant and/or hypo-phosphorylated in hippocampi of Shank3∆11(-/-) mice and could be rescued with Li in vitro and in vivo. Our investigations suggest the ECM compartment and cell cycle genes as new players in the pathophysiology of Shank3 deficiency, and imply involvement of transcriptional regulators, which can be modulated by Li. This work supports Li as potential drug in the management of PMDS symptoms, where a Phase III study is ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ioannidis
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rakshita Pandey
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Helen Friedericke Bauer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm site, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Lutz
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tolezano GC, Bastos GC, da Costa SS, Freire BL, Homma TK, Honjo RS, Yamamoto GL, Passos-Bueno MR, Koiffmann CP, Kim CA, Vianna-Morgante AM, de Lima Jorge AA, Bertola DR, Rosenberg C, Krepischi ACV. Burden of Rare Copy Number Variants in Microcephaly: A Brazilian Cohort of 185 Microcephalic Patients and Review of the Literature. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1181-1212. [PMID: 36502452 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microcephaly presents heterogeneous genetic etiology linked to several neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Copy number variants (CNVs) are a causal mechanism of microcephaly whose investigation is a crucial step for unraveling its molecular basis. Our purpose was to investigate the burden of rare CNVs in microcephalic individuals and to review genes and CNV syndromes associated with microcephaly. We performed chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in 185 Brazilian patients with microcephaly and evaluated microcephalic patients carrying < 200 kb CNVs documented in the DECIPHER database. Additionally, we reviewed known genes and CNV syndromes causally linked to microcephaly through the PubMed, OMIM, DECIPHER, and ClinGen databases. Rare clinically relevant CNVs were detected in 39 out of the 185 Brazilian patients investigated by CMA (21%). In 31 among the 60 DECIPHER patients carrying < 200 kb CNVs, at least one known microcephaly gene was observed. Overall, four gene sets implicated in microcephaly were disclosed: known microcephaly genes; genes with supporting evidence of association with microcephaly; known macrocephaly genes; and novel candidates, including OTUD7A, BBC3, CNTN6, and NAA15. In the review, we compiled 957 known microcephaly genes and 58 genomic CNV loci, comprising 13 duplications and 50 deletions, which have already been associated with clinical findings including microcephaly. We reviewed genes and CNV syndromes previously associated with microcephaly, reinforced the high CMA diagnostic yield for this condition, pinpointed novel candidate loci linked to microcephaly deserving further evaluation, and provided a useful resource for future research on the field of neurodevelopment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Cantini Tolezano
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Civitate Bastos
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Silvia Souza da Costa
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lucheze Freire
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 455 Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Thais Kataoka Homma
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 455 Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sayuri Honjo
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 647 Avenida Doutor Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Yamamoto
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 647 Avenida Doutor Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Celia Priszkulnik Koiffmann
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 647 Avenida Doutor Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Angela Maria Vianna-Morgante
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge
- Unidade de Endocrinologia Genética (LIM25), Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 455 Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
- Unidade de Genética do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, 647 Avenida Doutor Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, São Paulo, SP, 05403-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Human Genome and Stem-Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 106 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
- Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, 277 Rua do Matão, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hung LY, Margolis KG. Autism spectrum disorders and the gastrointestinal tract: insights into mechanisms and clinical relevance. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:142-163. [PMID: 38114585 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are recognized as central neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interactions, communication and repetitive behaviours. The recognition of ASD as a central nervous system (CNS)-mediated neurobehavioural disorder has led most of the research in ASD to be focused on the CNS. However, gastrointestinal function is also likely to be affected owing to the neural mechanistic nature of ASD and the nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract (enteric nervous system). Thus, it is unsurprising that gastrointestinal disorders, particularly constipation, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, are highly comorbid in individuals with ASD. Gastrointestinal problems have also been repeatedly associated with increased severity of the core symptoms diagnostic of ASD and other centrally mediated comorbid conditions, including psychiatric issues, irritability, rigid-compulsive behaviours and aggression. Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in ASD and its associated behavioural comorbidities, the specific links between these two conditions have not been clearly delineated, and current data linking ASD to gastrointestinal dysfunction have not been extensively reviewed. This Review outlines the established and emerging clinical and preclinical evidence that emphasizes the gut as a novel mechanistic and potential therapeutic target for individuals with ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Y Hung
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma AR, Batra G, Dhir N, Jain A, Modi T, Saini L, Thakur N, Mishra A, Singh RS, Singh A, Singla R, Prakash A, Goyal M, Bhatia A, Medhi B, Modi M. "Comparative evaluation of different chemical agents induced Autism Spectrum Disorder in experimental Wistar rats". Behav Brain Res 2024; 458:114728. [PMID: 37923221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with uncertain etiology and pathophysiology. Several studies revealed that the commonly used animal models like Valproic Acid (VPA) and Propionic Acid (PPA) do not precisely represent the disease as the human patient does. The current study was conducted on different chemically (VPA, PPA, Poly I:C, Dioxin (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)) & Chlorpyrifos (CPF)) induced ASD-like animal models and validated the best suitable experimental animal model, which would closely resemble with clinical features of the ASD. This validated model might help to explore the pathophysiology of ASD. This study included rat pups prenatally exposed to VPA, PPA, Poly I:C, Dioxin & CPF within GD9 to GD15 doses. The model groups were validated through developmental and behavioral parameters, Gene Expressions, Oxidative Stress, and Pro-inflammatory and Anti-inflammatory cytokines levels. Developmental and neurobehavioral parameters showed significant changes in model groups compared to the control. In oxidative stress parameters and neuro-inflammatory cytokines levels, model groups exhibited high oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation compared to control groups. Gene expression profile of ASD-related genes showed significant downregulation in model groups compared to the control group. Moreover, the Poly I:C group showed more significant results than other model groups. The comparison of available ASD-like experimental animal models showed that the Poly I:C induced model represented the exact pathophysiology of ASD as the human patient does. Poly I:C was reported in the maternal immune system activation via the inflammatory cytokines pathway, altering embryonic development and causing ASD in neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gitika Batra
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neha Dhir
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashish Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Tanish Modi
- Clinical Trainee, Department of Neurology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lokesh Saini
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Paediatric Neurology, Jodhpur, India
| | - Neetika Thakur
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Department of Biomedical Sciences, USA
| | - Rahul Solomon Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rubal Singla
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Department of Biomedical Sciences, USA
| | - Ajay Prakash
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manoj Goyal
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bikash Medhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manish Modi
- Department of Neurology, Post Graduate Institute Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
He YY, Luo S, Jin L, Wang PY, Xu J, Jiao HL, Yan HJ, Wang Y, Zhai QX, Ji JJ, Zhang WJ, Zhou P, Li H, Liao WP, Lan S, Xu L. DLG3 variants caused X-linked epilepsy with/without neurodevelopmental disorders and the genotype-phenotype correlation. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1290919. [PMID: 38249294 PMCID: PMC10796462 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1290919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The DLG3 gene encodes disks large membrane-associated guanylate kinase scaffold protein 3, which plays essential roles in the clustering of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) at excitatory synapses. Previously, DLG3 has been identified as the causative gene of X-linked intellectual developmental disorder-90 (XLID-90; OMIM# 300850). This study aims to explore the phenotypic spectrum of DLG3 and the genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods Trios-based whole-exome sequencing was performed in patients with epilepsy of unknown causes. To analyze the genotype-phenotype correlations, previously reported DLG3 variants were systematically reviewed. Results DLG3 variants were identified in seven unrelated cases with epilepsy. These variants had no hemizygous frequencies in controls. All variants were predicted to be damaging by silico tools and alter the hydrogen bonds with surrounding residues and/or protein stability. Four cases mainly presented with generalized seizures, including generalized tonic-clonic and myoclonic seizures, and the other three cases exhibited secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and focal seizures. Multifocal discharges were recorded in all cases during electroencephalography monitoring, including the four cases with generalized discharges initially but multifocal discharges after drug treating. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that DLG3 interacts with 52 genes with high confidence, in which the majority of disease-causing genes were associated with a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) and epilepsy. Three patients with variants locating outside functional domains all achieved seizure-free, while the four patients with variants locating in functional domains presented poor control of seizures. Analysis of previously reported cases revealed that patients with non-null variants presented higher percentages of epilepsy than those with null variants, suggesting a genotype-phenotype correlation. Significance This study suggested that DLG3 variants were associated with epilepsy with/without NDD, expanding the phenotypic spectrum of DLG3. The observed genotype-phenotype correlation potentially contributes to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving phenotypic variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yan He
- Department of Neurology, Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Peng-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Liang Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Jun Yan
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Xiang Zhai
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ji
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weng-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Li
- Epilepsy Center, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Lan
- Department of Neurology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
García-Bravo C, Martínez-Piédrola RM, García-Bravo S, Rodríguez-Pérez MP, Martín-Gómez AS, Fernández-Gómez G, Palacios-Ceña D. Living with and managing seizures among parents of children diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid syndrome: a qualitative study using in-depth interviews. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:253-262. [PMID: 37870610 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
To describe the experience of parents of children diagnosed with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) in relation to epileptic seizures and/or convulsions, their daily management and impact on family life. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. The study included parents of children diagnosed with PMS by a medical specialist. Purposive sampling was used, and data were collected via in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis was performed on the data. This study was conducted according to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Thirty-two parents were recruited. Four themes were identified: (a) the first epileptic seizure, where the first seizure appears abruptly and unexpectedly; (b) living with seizures, seizures generate high concern about the evolution of the disease and the future of children with PMS; (c) treatment of epileptic seizures, obtaining an adequate treatment is a long process that involves decision making by parents; (d) the impact of epilepsy on the family, where there is a change in the functioning and relationships among family members. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop programs where parents can discuss treatment decisions with professionals and provide coping strategies for the management of epilepsy and seizures. What is Known: • Children with Phelan-McDermid syndrome may develop epilepsy. Parents receive insufficient information for the management and control of seizures. • Parents describe concerns about the evolution of epilepsy in their children's adulthood, along with the impact of seizures and/or convulsions on their children. What is New: • Epilepsy and seizures force the entire family to adapt their lifestyle and give up activities that can trigger seizures. • Parents pointed out the need to create programs to inform about the benefits and disadvantages of pharmacological treatments in order to improve decision making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Bravo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability (TO+IDI) and Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science (Hum&QRinHS), 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Rosa Mª Martínez-Piédrola
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas S/N, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain.
| | - Sara García-Bravo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain, Physiocare Madrid, Physiotherapy Clinic, 28026, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Pilar Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas S/N, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ana San Martín-Gómez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&QRinHS), 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Gemma Fernández-Gómez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group in Evaluation and Assessment of Capacity, Functionality and Disability (TO+IDI), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas S/N, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Domingo Palacios-Ceña
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Research Group of Humanities and Qualitative Research in Health Science, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (Hum&QRinHS), 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Barbier M, Thirtamara Rajamani K, Netser S, Wagner S, Harony-Nicolas H. Altered neural activity in the mesoaccumbens pathway underlies impaired social reward processing in Shank3-deficient rats. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570134. [PMID: 38106179 PMCID: PMC10723340 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Social behaviors are crucial for human connection and belonging, often impacted in conditions like Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The mesoaccumbens pathway (VTA and NAc) plays a pivotal role in social behavior and is implicated in ASD. However, the impact of ASD-related mutations on social reward processing remains insufficiently explored. This study focuses on the Shank3 mutation, associated with a rare genetic condition and linked to ASD, examining its influence on the mesoaccumbens pathway during behavior, using the Shank3-deficient rat model. Our findings indicate that Shank3-deficient rats exhibit atypical social interactions and have difficulty adjusting behavior based on reward values, associated with modified neuronal activity of VTA dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons and reduced dopamine release in the NAc. Moreover, we demonstrate that manipulating VTA neuronal activity can normalize this behavior, providing insights into the effects of Shank3 mutations on social reward and behavior, and identify a potential neural pathway for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Barbier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Friedman Brain Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Keerthi Thirtamara Rajamani
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Friedman Brain Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shai Netser
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shlomo Wagner
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hala Harony-Nicolas
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Friedman Brain Institute, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Frank Y, Levy T, Lozano R, Friedman K, Underwood S, Kostic A, Walker H, Kolevzon A. Gait Abnormalities in Children with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. J Child Neurol 2023; 38:665-671. [PMID: 37849292 DOI: 10.1177/08830738231204395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene on chromosome 22q13.3 and is characterized by autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, speech and language abnormalities, hypotonia, and mild dysmorphic features. Early literature in Phelan-McDermid syndrome did not include gait abnormalities as part of the syndrome although recent prospective studies report that the prevalence of gait abnormalities ranges from 55% to 94%. We compared gait abnormalities in individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome, idiopathic autism spectrum disorder, and typically developing controls, and explored associations between gait abnormalities, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual functioning. Method: The study cohort consists of 67 participants between the ages of 3 and 18 years, divided into 3 groups: Phelan-McDermid syndrome (n = 46), idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (n = 11), and typically developing controls (n = 10). Gait was recorded using a video camera and scored across 26 gait features using a "Gait Clinical Observations scale" designed specifically for this study. Results: Gait abnormalities were significantly higher in the Phelan-McDermid syndrome group as compared to idiopathic autism spectrum disorder or typically developing controls. The number of gait abnormalities across groups was also significantly correlated with Intellectual Quotient/Developmental Quotient (IQ/DQ). In analysis of covariance including IQ/DQ, the effect of group was not significant, but the effect of IQ/DQ was significant. Conclusions: Overall differences in gait abnormalities were determined by the degree of intellectual disability, which was significantly higher in Phelan-McDermid syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitzchak Frank
- Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tess Levy
- Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Reymundo Lozano
- Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kate Friedman
- Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Slayton Underwood
- Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Kostic
- Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Walker
- Health and Behavior Sciences at Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ryndych D, Sebold A, Strassburg A, Li Y, Ramos RL, Otazu GH. Haploinsufficiency of Shank3 in Mice Selectively Impairs Target Odor Recognition in Novel Background Odors. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7799-7811. [PMID: 37739796 PMCID: PMC10648539 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0255-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with mutations in a single copy of the SHANK3 gene present with social interaction deficits. Although social behavior in mice depends on olfaction, mice with mutations in a single copy of the Shank3 gene do not have olfactory deficits in simple odor identification tasks (Drapeau et al., 2018). Here, we tested olfaction in mice with mutations in a single copy of the Shank3 gene (Peça et al., 2011) using a complex odor task and imaging in awake mice. Average glomerular responses in the olfactory bulb of Shank3B +/- were correlated with WT mice. However, there was increased trial-to-trial variability in the odor responses for Shank3B +/- mice. Simulations demonstrated that this increased variability could affect odor detection in novel environments. To test whether performance was affected by the increased variability, we tested target odor recognition in the presence of novel background odors using a recently developed task (Li et al., 2023). Head-fixed mice were trained to detect target odors in the presence of known background odors. Performance was tested using catch trials where the known background odors were replaced by novel background odors. We compared the performance of eight Shank3B +/- mice (five males, three females) on this task with six WT mice (three males, three females). Performance for known background odors and learning rates were similar between Shank3B +/- and WT mice. However, when tested with novel background odors, the performance of Shank3B +/- mice dropped to almost chance levels. Thus, haploinsufficiency of the Shank3 gene causes a specific deficit in odor detection in novel environments. Our results are discussed in the context of other Shank3 mouse models and have implications for understanding olfactory function in neurodevelopmental disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT People and mice with mutations in a single copy in the synaptic gene Shank3 show features seen in autism spectrum disorders, including social interaction deficits. Although mice social behavior uses olfaction, mice with mutations in a single copy of Shank3 have so far not shown olfactory deficits when tested using simple tasks. Here, we used a recently developed task to show that these mice could identify odors in the presence of known background odors as well as wild-type mice. However, their performance fell below that of wild-type mice when challenged with novel background odors. This deficit was also previously reported in the Cntnap2 mouse model of autism, suggesting that odor detection in novel backgrounds is a general deficit across mouse models of autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darya Ryndych
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568
| | - Alison Sebold
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568
| | - Alyssa Strassburg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568
| | - Raddy L Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568
| | - Gonzalo H Otazu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York 11568
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shah S, Sarasua SM, Boccuto L, Dean BC, Wang L. Brain Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Identifies 22q13 Region Genes Associated with Autism, Intellectual Disability, Seizures, Language Impairment, and Hypotonia. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1998. [PMID: 38002941 PMCID: PMC10671420 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder caused by 22q13 region deletions or SHANK3 gene variants. Deletions vary in size and can affect other genes in addition to SHANK3. PMS is characterized by autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), developmental delays, seizures, speech delay, hypotonia, and minor dysmorphic features. It is challenging to determine individual gene contributions due to variability in deletion sizes and clinical features. We implemented a genomic data mining approach for identifying and prioritizing the candidate genes in the 22q13 region for five phenotypes: ASD, ID, seizures, language impairment, and hypotonia. Weighted gene co-expression networks were constructed using the BrainSpan transcriptome dataset of a human brain. Bioinformatic analyses of the co-expression modules allowed us to select specific candidate genes, including EP300, TCF20, RBX1, XPNPEP3, PMM1, SCO2, BRD1, and SHANK3, for the common neurological phenotypes of PMS. The findings help understand the disease mechanisms and may provide novel therapeutic targets for the precise treatment of PMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Shah
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.S.); (L.B.)
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sara M. Sarasua
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics, School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (S.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Brian C. Dean
- School of Computing, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Liangjiang Wang
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Smith MS, Sarasua SM, Rogers C, Phelan K, Boccuto L. Lymphedema is associated with CELSR1 in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Clin Genet 2023; 104:472-478. [PMID: 37232218 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Lymphedema is a troubling condition present in many disorders including the rare genetic disorder known as Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). The neurobehavioral features of PMS, also known as 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, have been investigated, but little research exists on lymphedema in PMS. In this investigation, clinical and genetic data from 404 people with PMS were reviewed from the PMS-International Registry revealing a prevalence of 5% with lymphedema. Lymphedema was reported in 1 out of 47 people (2.1%) with PMS due to a SHANK3 variant and 19 out of 357 people (5.3%) with PMS due to 22q13.3 deletions. Lymphedema was more common among those in their teens or adulthood (p = 0.0011) and those with deletions >4 Mb. People with lymphedema had significantly larger deletions (mean 5.375 Mb) than those without lymphedema (mean 3.464 Mb, p = 0.00496). Association analysis identified a deletion of the CELSR1 gene to be the biggest risk factor (OR = 12.9 95% CI [2.9-56.2]). Detailed assessment of 5 subjects identified all had deletions of CELSR1, developed symptoms of lymphedema starting at age 8 or older, and typically responded well to standard therapy. In conclusion, this is the largest assessment of lymphedema in PMS to date and our results suggest that individuals with deletions >4 Mb or those with CELSR1 deletions should be assessed for lymphedema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie S Smith
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sara M Sarasua
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Curtis Rogers
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Katy Phelan
- Genetics Laboratory, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kozol RA, Dallman JE. Drugs prescribed for Phelan-McDermid syndrome differentially impact sensory behaviors in shank3 zebrafish models. F1000Res 2023; 12:84. [PMID: 37868296 PMCID: PMC10589628 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127830.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Altered sensory processing is a pervasive symptom in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD); people with Phelan McDermid syndrome (PMS), in particular, show reduced responses to sensory stimuli. PMS is caused by deletions of the terminal end of chromosome 22 or point mutations in Shank3. People with PMS can present with an array of symptoms including ASD, epilepsy, gastrointestinal distress, and reduced responses to sensory stimuli. People with PMS are often medicated to manage behaviors like aggression and/or self-harm and/or epilepsy, and it remains unclear how these medications might impact perception/sensory processing. Here we test this using zebrafish mutant shank3ab PMS models that likewise show reduced sensory responses in a visual motor response (VMR) assay, in which increased locomotion is triggered by light to dark transitions. Methods: We screened three medications, risperidone, lithium chloride (LiCl), and carbamazepine (CBZ), prescribed to people with PMS and one drug, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine (MPEP) tested in rodent models of PMS, for their effects on a sensory-induced behavior in two zebrafish PMS models with frameshift mutations in either the N- or C- termini. To test how pharmacological treatments affect the VMR, we exposed larvae to selected drugs for 24 hours and then quantified their locomotion during four ten-minute cycles of lights on-to-off stimuli. Results: We found that risperidone normalized the VMR in shank3 models. LiCl and CBZ had no effect on the VMR in any of the three genotypes. MPEP reduced the VMR in wildtype (WT) to levels seen in shank3 models but caused no changes in either shank3 model. Finally, shank3 mutants showed resistance to the seizure-inducing drug pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), at a dosage that results in hyperactive swimming in WT zebrafish. Conclusions: Our work shows that the effects of drugs on sensory processing are varied in ways that can be highly genotype- and drug-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Kozol
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Fl., USA
| | - Julia E. Dallman
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tian R, Li Y, Zhao H, Lyu W, Zhao J, Wang X, Lu H, Xu H, Ren W, Tan QQ, Shi Q, Wang GD, Zhang YP, Lai L, Mi J, Jiang YH, Zhang YQ. Modeling SHANK3-associated autism spectrum disorder in Beagle dogs via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3739-3750. [PMID: 37848710 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02276-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite intensive studies in modeling neuropsychiatric disorders especially autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in animals, many challenges remain. Genetic mutant mice have contributed substantially to the current understanding of the molecular and neural circuit mechanisms underlying ASD. However, the translational value of ASD mouse models in preclinical studies is limited to certain aspects of the disease due to the apparent differences in brain and behavior between rodents and humans. Non-human primates have been used to model ASD in recent years. However, a low reproduction rate due to a long reproductive cycle and a single birth per pregnancy, and an extremely high cost prohibit a wide use of them in preclinical studies. Canine model is an appealing alternative because of its complex and effective dog-human social interactions. In contrast to non-human primates, dog has comparable drug metabolism as humans and a high reproduction rate. In this study, we aimed to model ASD in experimental dogs by manipulating the Shank3 gene as SHANK3 mutations are one of most replicated genetic defects identified from ASD patients. Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, we successfully generated and characterized multiple lines of Beagle Shank3 (bShank3) mutants that have been propagated for a few generations. We developed and validated a battery of behavioral assays that can be used in controlled experimental setting for mutant dogs. bShank3 mutants exhibited distinct and robust social behavior deficits including social withdrawal and reduced social interactions with humans, and heightened anxiety in different experimental settings (n = 27 for wild-type controls and n = 44 for mutants). We demonstrate the feasibility of producing a large number of mutant animals in a reasonable time frame. The robust and unique behavioral findings support the validity and value of a canine model to investigate the pathophysiology and develop treatments for ASD and potentially other psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Sinogene Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Wen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Beijing Sinogene Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Heng Lu
- Department of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230022, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Huijuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qing-Quan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, and Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Liangxue Lai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Jidong Mi
- Beijing Sinogene Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Hui Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Yong Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, and CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang X, Tang R, Wei Z, Zhan Y, Lu J, Li Z. The enteric nervous system deficits in autism spectrum disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1101071. [PMID: 37694110 PMCID: PMC10484716 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are common comorbidities in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and abnormalities in these issues have been found to be closely related to the severity of core behavioral deficits in autism. The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a crucial role in regulating various aspects of gut functions, including gastrointestinal motility. Dysfunctional wiring in the ENS not only results in various gastrointestinal issues, but also correlates with an increasing number of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as ASD. However, it remains unclear whether the gastrointestinal dysfunctions are a consequence of ASD or if they directly contribute to its pathogenesis. This review focuses on the deficits in the ENS associated with ASD, and highlights several high-risk genes for ASD, which are expressed widely in the gut and implicated in gastrointestinal dysfunction among both animal models and human patients with ASD. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of environmental factors associated with gastrointestinal tract in individuals with autism. This could offer fresh perspectives on our understanding of ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinnian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- School of Life Science, USTC Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ruijin Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Department of Child Psychiatry and Rehabilitation, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Moffitt BA, Oberman LM, Beamer L, Srikanth S, Jain L, Cascio L, Jones K, Pauly R, May M, Skinner C, Buchanan C, DuPont BR, Kaufmann WE, Valentine K, Ward LD, Ivankovic D, Rogers RC, Phelan K, Sarasua SM, Boccuto L. Sleep disturbances in Phelan-McDermid syndrome: Clinical and metabolic profiling of 56 individuals. Clin Genet 2023; 104:198-209. [PMID: 37198960 PMCID: PMC10330540 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) is caused by deletions at chromosome 22q13.3 or pathogenic/likely pathogenic SHANK3 variants. The clinical presentation is extremely variable and includes global developmental delay/intellectual disability (ID), seizures, neonatal hypotonia, and sleep disturbances, among others. This study investigated the prevalence of sleep disturbances, and the genetic and metabolic features associated with them, in a cohort of 56 individuals with PMS. Sleep data were collected via standardized observer/caregiver questionnaires, while genetic data from array-CGH and sequencing of 9 candidate genes within the 22q13.3 region, and metabolic profiling utilized the Biolog Phenotype Mammalian MicroArray plates. Sleep disturbances were present in 64.3% of individuals with PMS, with the most common problem being waking during the night (39%). Sleep disturbances were more prevalent in individuals with a SHANK3 pathogenic variant (89%) compared to subjects with 22q13.3 deletions of any size (59.6%). Distinct metabolic profiles for individuals with PMS with and without sleep disturbances were also identified. These data are helpful information for recognizing and managing sleep disturbances in individuals with PMS, outlining the main candidate gene for this neurological manifestation, and highlighting potential biomarkers for early identification of at-risk subjects and molecular targets for novel treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridgette A. Moffitt
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Oberman
- Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Laura Beamer
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Sujata Srikanth
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Lavanya Jain
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | | | - Kelly Jones
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Rini Pauly
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | - Melanie May
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| | | | | | | | - Walter E. Kaufmann
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Anavex Life Sciences Corp, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathleen Valentine
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Linda D. Ward
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Diana Ivankovic
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | | | - Katy Phelan
- Genetics Department, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Sara M. Sarasua
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, Healthcare Genetics Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC 29646, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Davidson EA, Holingue C, Jimenez-Gomez A, Dallman JE, Moshiree B. Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Genetically Defined Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Semin Neurol 2023; 43:645-660. [PMID: 37586397 PMCID: PMC10895389 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in most forms of neurodevelopment disorders (NDDs) such as in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The current patient-reported outcome measures with validated questionnaires used in the general population of children without NDDS cannot be used in the autistic individuals. We explore here the multifactorial pathophysiology of ASD and the role of genetics and the environment in this disease spectrum and focus instead on possible diagnostics that could provide future objective insight into the connection of the gut-brain-microbiome in this disease entity. We provide our own data from both humans and a zebrafish model of ASD called Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. We hope that this review highlights the gaps in our current knowledge on many of these profound NDDs and that it provides a future framework upon which clinicians and researchers can build and network with other interested multidisciplinary specialties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Calliope Holingue
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andres Jimenez-Gomez
- Neuroscience Center, Joe DiMaggio Children’s Hospital, Hollywood, Florida
- Department of Child Neurology, Florida Atlantic University Stiles - Nicholson Brain Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Julia E. Dallman
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, Florida
| | - Baharak Moshiree
- Atrium Health, Wake Forest Medical University, Charlotte, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Srivastava S, Sahin M, Buxbaum JD, Berry-Kravis E, Soorya LV, Thurm A, Bernstein JA, Asante-Otoo A, Bennett WE, Betancur C, Brickhouse TH, Passos Bueno MR, Chopra M, Christensen CK, Cully JL, Dies K, Friedman K, Gummere B, Holder JL, Jimenez-Gomez A, Kerins CA, Khan O, Kohlenberg T, Lacro RV, Levy LA, Levy T, Linnehan D, Loth E, Moshiree B, Neumeyer A, Paul SM, Phelan K, Persico A, Rapaport R, Rogers C, Saland J, Sethuram S, Shapiro J, Tarr PI, White KM, Wickstrom J, Williams KM, Winrow D, Wishart B, Kolevzon A. Updated consensus guidelines on the management of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2015-2044. [PMID: 37392087 PMCID: PMC10524678 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a genetic condition caused by SHANK3 haploinsufficiency and characterized by a wide range of neurodevelopmental and systemic manifestations. The first practice parameters for assessment and monitoring in individuals with PMS were published in 2014; recently, knowledge about PMS has grown significantly based on data from longitudinal phenotyping studies and large-scale genotype-phenotype investigations. The objective of these updated clinical management guidelines was to: (1) reflect the latest in knowledge in PMS and (2) provide guidance for clinicians, researchers, and the general community. A taskforce was established with clinical experts in PMS and representatives from the parent community. Experts joined subgroups based on their areas of specialty, including genetics, neurology, neurodevelopment, gastroenterology, primary care, physiatry, nephrology, endocrinology, cardiology, gynecology, and dentistry. Taskforce members convened regularly between 2021 and 2022 and produced specialty-specific guidelines based on iterative feedback and discussion. Taskforce leaders then established consensus within their respective specialty group and harmonized the guidelines. The knowledge gained over the past decade allows for improved guidelines to assess and monitor individuals with PMS. Since there is limited evidence specific to PMS, intervention mostly follows general guidelines for treating individuals with developmental disorders. Significant evidence has been amassed to guide the management of comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions in PMS, albeit mainly from caregiver report and the experience of clinical experts. These updated consensus guidelines on the management of PMS represent an advance for the field and will improve care in the community. Several areas for future research are also highlighted and will contribute to subsequent updates with more refined and specific recommendations as new knowledge accumulates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Afua Asante-Otoo
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William E. Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Tegwyn H. Brickhouse
- Department of Dental Public Health & Policy, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maria Rita Passos Bueno
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Células-tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maya Chopra
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celanie K. Christensen
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Children’s Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, Riley Children’s Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Cully
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Division of Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kira Dies
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate Friedman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - J. Lloyd Holder
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Carolyn A. Kerins
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ronald V. Lacro
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tess Levy
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Eva Loth
- Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Baharak Moshiree
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest/Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Ann Neumeyer
- Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington MA, USA, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Scott M. Paul
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katy Phelan
- Genetics Laboratory, Florida Cancer Specialists and Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Persico
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Robert Rapaport
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Saland
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Swathi Sethuram
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Phillip I. Tarr
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kerry M. White
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Children’s Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Riley Children’s Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jordan Wickstrom
- Sinai Rehabilitation Center, Lifebridge Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kent M. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Kravis Children’s Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hussein Y, Tripathi U, Choudhary A, Nayak R, Peles D, Rosh I, Rabinski T, Djamus J, Vatine GD, Spiegel R, Garin-Shkolnik T, Stern S. Early maturation and hyperexcitability is a shared phenotype of cortical neurons derived from different ASD-associated mutations. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:246. [PMID: 37414777 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized mainly by social and sensory-motor abnormal and repetitive behavior patterns. Over hundreds of genes and thousands of genetic variants were reported to be highly penetrant and causative of ASD. Many of these mutations cause comorbidities such as epilepsy and intellectual disabilities (ID). In this study, we measured cortical neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of patients with four mutations in the genes GRIN2B, SHANK3, UBTF, as well as chromosomal duplication in the 7q11.23 region and compared them to neurons derived from a first-degree relative without the mutation. Using a whole-cell patch-clamp, we observed that the mutant cortical neurons demonstrated hyperexcitability and early maturation compared to control lines. These changes were characterized by increased sodium currents, increased amplitude and rate of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), and more evoked action potentials in response to current stimulation in early-stage cell development (3-5 weeks post differentiation). These changes that appeared in all the different mutant lines, together with previously reported data, indicate that an early maturation and hyperexcitability may be a convergent phenotype of ASD cortical neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Hussein
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Utkarsh Tripathi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ashwani Choudhary
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ritu Nayak
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - David Peles
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Idan Rosh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tatiana Rabinski
- The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jose Djamus
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gad David Vatine
- The Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Center for Rare Diseases, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | | | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Molloy CJ, Cooke J, Gatford NJF, Rivera-Olvera A, Avazzadeh S, Homberg JR, Grandjean J, Fernandes C, Shen S, Loth E, Srivastava DP, Gallagher L. Bridging the translational gap: what can synaptopathies tell us about autism? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1191323. [PMID: 37441676 PMCID: PMC10333541 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1191323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple molecular pathways and cellular processes have been implicated in the neurobiology of autism and other neurodevelopmental conditions. There is a current focus on synaptic gene conditions, or synaptopathies, which refer to clinical conditions associated with rare genetic variants disrupting genes involved in synaptic biology. Synaptopathies are commonly associated with autism and developmental delay and may be associated with a range of other neuropsychiatric outcomes. Altered synaptic biology is suggested by both preclinical and clinical studies in autism based on evidence of differences in early brain structural development and altered glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission potentially perturbing excitatory and inhibitory balance. This review focusses on the NRXN-NLGN-SHANK pathway, which is implicated in the synaptic assembly, trans-synaptic signalling, and synaptic functioning. We provide an overview of the insights from preclinical molecular studies of the pathway. Concentrating on NRXN1 deletion and SHANK3 mutations, we discuss emerging understanding of cellular processes and electrophysiology from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) models derived from individuals with synaptopathies, neuroimaging and behavioural findings in animal models of Nrxn1 and Shank3 synaptic gene conditions, and key findings regarding autism features, brain and behavioural phenotypes from human clinical studies of synaptopathies. The identification of molecular-based biomarkers from preclinical models aims to advance the development of targeted therapeutic treatments. However, it remains challenging to translate preclinical animal models and iPSC studies to interpret human brain development and autism features. We discuss the existing challenges in preclinical and clinical synaptopathy research, and potential solutions to align methodologies across preclinical and clinical research. Bridging the translational gap between preclinical and clinical studies will be necessary to understand biological mechanisms, to identify targeted therapies, and ultimately to progress towards personalised approaches for complex neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara J. Molloy
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Cooke
- Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. F. Gatford
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Rivera-Olvera
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sahar Avazzadeh
- Physiology and Cellular Physiology Research Laboratory, CÚRAM SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joanes Grandjean
- Physiology and Cellular Physiology Research Laboratory, CÚRAM SFI Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, Human Biology Building, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanbing Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, The SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva Loth
- Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak P. Srivastava
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- The Hospital for SickKids, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Maloney SE, Sarafinovska S, Weichselbaum C, McCullough KB, Swift RG, Liu Y, Dougherty JD. A comprehensive assay of social motivation reveals sex-specific roles of autism-associated genes and oxytocin. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100504. [PMID: 37426756 PMCID: PMC10326376 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Social motivation is critical to the development of typical social functioning. Social motivation, specifically one or more of its components (e.g., social reward seeking or social orienting), could be relevant for understanding phenotypes related to autism. We developed a social operant conditioning task to quantify effort to access a social partner and concurrent social orienting in mice. We established that mice will work for access to a social partner, identified sex differences, and observed high test-retest reliability. We then benchmarked the method with two test-case manipulations. Shank3B mutants exhibited reduced social orienting and failed to show social reward seeking. Oxytocin receptor antagonism decreased social motivation, consistent with its role in social reward circuitry. Overall, we believe that this method provides a valuable addition to the assessment of social phenotypes in rodent models of autism and the mapping of potentially sex-specific social motivation neural circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E. Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simona Sarafinovska
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Claire Weichselbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine B. McCullough
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Raylynn G. Swift
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph D. Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Serrada-Tejeda S, Sánchez-Herrera-Baeza P, Martínez-Piédrola RM, Máximo-Bocanegra N, Trugeda-Pedrajo N, Rodríguez-Pérez MP, Fernández-Gómez G, Pérez-de-Heredia-Torres M. Prospective One-Year Follow-Up of Sensory Processing in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1086. [PMID: 37371317 PMCID: PMC10296885 DOI: 10.3390/children10061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is caused by the loss (deletion) of a small portion of chromosome 22 in a region designated q13.3 (22q13.3 deletion). PMS is one of the most common genetic forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in which sensory reactivity difficulties have been described on limited occasions. METHODS The objective of this study is to identify whether changes in sensory reactivity skills occur after one year of follow-up in a group of 44 participants diagnosed with PMS. All participants completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP). Two-factor ANOVA tests were performed with repeated measures for the study of the evolution of the scores. RESULTS Participants with PMS showed significant changes after one year of follow-up in sensory reactivity skills associated with tactile hyperreactivity (p = 0.003). The rest of the study variables did not show significant differences compared to the baseline assessment, showing definite differences associated with patterns of hypo-responsiveness and sensory seeking, low/weak energy, and difficulties in auditory filtering. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the evolution of sensory reactivity skills can facilitate the adjustment to behavioral changes in people with PMS and design-targeted interventions to address sensory reactivity challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nuria Máximo-Bocanegra
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas s/n, CP 28922 Alcorcón, Spain; (S.S.-T.); (P.S.-H.-B.); (R.M.M.-P.); (N.T.-P.); (G.F.-G.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Maurer JJ, Choi A, An I, Sathi N, Chung S. Sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder: Animal models, neural mechanisms, and therapeutics. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2023; 14:100095. [PMID: 37188242 PMCID: PMC10176270 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2023.100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is crucial for brain development. Sleep disturbances are prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Strikingly, these sleep problems are positively correlated with the severity of ASD core symptoms such as deficits in social skills and stereotypic behavior, indicating that sleep problems and the behavioral characteristics of ASD may be related. In this review, we will discuss sleep disturbances in children with ASD and highlight mouse models to study sleep disturbances and behavioral phenotypes in ASD. In addition, we will review neuromodulators controlling sleep and wakefulness and how these neuromodulatory systems are disrupted in animal models and patients with ASD. Lastly, we will address how the therapeutic interventions for patients with ASD improve various aspects of sleep. Together, gaining mechanistic insights into the neural mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances in children with ASD will help us to develop better therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
27
|
van Balkom ID, Burdeus-Olavarrieta M, Cooke J, de Cuba AG, Turner A. Consensus recommendations on mental health issues in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104770. [PMID: 37085014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a rare genetic condition caused by a deletion encompassing the 22q13.3 region or a pathogenic variant of the gene SHANK3. The clinical presentation is variable, but main characteristics include global developmental delay/intellectual disability (ID), marked speech impairment or delay, along with other features like hypotonia and somatic or psychiatric comorbidities. This publication delineates mental health, developmental and behavioural themes across the lifetime of individuals with PMS as informed by parents/caregivers, experts, and other key professionals involved in PMS care. We put forward several recommendations based on the available literature concerning mental health and behaviour in PMS. Additionally, this article aims to improve our awareness of the importance of considering developmental level of the individual with PMS when assessing mental health and behavioural issues. Understanding how the discrepancy between developmental level and chronological age may impact concerning behaviours offers insight into the meaning of those behaviours and informs care for individuals with PMS, enabling clinicians to address unmet (mental health) care needs and improve quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Dc van Balkom
- Jonx, Department of (Youth) Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands; Rob Giel Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Monica Burdeus-Olavarrieta
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jennifer Cooke
- Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - A Graciela de Cuba
- Jonx, Department of (Youth) Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alison Turner
- Phelan-McDermid Syndrome Foundation UK, 99 Highgate W Hill, London, N6 6NR, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Damstra RJ, Vignes S, Mansour S. Consensus recommendations on lymphedema in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104767. [PMID: 37075886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by deletions 22q13.3 or pathogenic variants in the SHANK3 gene. Lymphedema can be a clinical feature in 10-25% of individuals with PMS due to a deletion 22q13.3, but is not observed in those with a SHANK3 variant. This paper forms a part of the European consensus guideline for PMS and focuses on what is known regarding lymphedema in PMS in order to present clinical recommendations. The mechanism causing lymphedema in PMS is unknown. Lymphedema can be suggested by pitting oedema of the extremities or, in later stages, non-pitting swelling. It can occur already at a young age and be progressive if untreated, impacting daily functioning. Lymphedema can be treated using existing general multidisciplinary management guidelines, taking the functioning of the individual with PMS into account. Furthermore, well-known risk factors for the development of lymphedema as lack of physical activities and weight gain/obesity should be addressed. Diagnosis and treatment are best performed in a multidisciplinary centre of expertise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Damstra
- VASCERN PPL European Reference Centre: Expert Center for Lymphovascular Medicine, Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands.
| | - Stéphane Vignes
- VASCERN PPL European Reference Centre: French Reference Center Rare Vascular Diseases, Department of Lymphology, AP-HP, HEGP Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Sahar Mansour
- SW Thames Centre for Genomics, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK and St George's University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schön M, Pablo L, Julián N, Mattina T, Gunnarsson C, Hadzsiev K, Verpelli C, Bourgeron T, Sarah J, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Hennekam RC. Definition and clinical variability of SHANK3-related Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104754. [PMID: 37003575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is an infrequently described syndrome that presents with a disturbed development, neurological and psychiatric characteristics, and sometimes other comorbidities. As part of the development of European medical guidelines we studied the definition, phenotype, genotype-phenotype characteristics, and natural history of the syndrome. The number of confirmed diagnoses of PMS in different European countries was also assessed and it could be concluded that PMS is underdiagnosed. The incidence of PMS in European countries is estimated to be at least 1 in 30,000. Next generation sequencing, including analysis of copy number variations, as first tier in diagnostics of individuals with intellectual disability will likely yield a larger number of individuals with PMS than presently known. A definition of PMS by its phenotype is at the present not possible, and therefore PMS-SHANK3 related is defined by the presence of SHANK3 haploinsufficiency, either by a deletion involving region 22q13.2-33 or a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in SHANK3. In summarizing the phenotype, we subdivided it into that of individuals with a 22q13 deletion and that of those with a pathogenic/likely pathogenic SHANK3 variant. The phenotype of individuals with PMS is variable, depending in part on the deletion size or, whether only a variant of SHANK3 is present. The core phenotype in the domains development, neurology, and senses are similar in those with deletions and SHANK3 variants, but individuals with a SHANK3 variant more often are reported to have behavioural disorders and less often urogenital malformations and lymphedema. The behavioural disorders may, however, be a less outstanding feature in individuals with deletions accompanied by more severe intellectual disability. Data available on the natural history are limited. Results of clinical trials using insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1), intranasal insulin, and oxytocin are available, other trials are in progress. The present guidelines for PMS aim at offering tools to caregivers and families to provide optimal care to individuals with PMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Germany.
| | - Lapunzina Pablo
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII; ITHACA-European Reference Network, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nevado Julián
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII; ITHACA-European Reference Network, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Mattina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gunnarsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Centre for Rare Diseases in South East Region of Sweden, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kinga Hadzsiev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jesse Sarah
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Germany
| | | | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sandoval-Talamantes AK, Mori MÁ, Santos-Simarro F, García-Miñaur S, Mansilla E, Tenorio JA, Peña C, Adan C, Fernández-Elvira M, Rueda I, Lapunzina P, Nevado J. Chromosomal Microarray in Patients with Non-Syndromic Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Clinical Routine of a Tertiary Hospital. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040820. [PMID: 37107578 PMCID: PMC10137620 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) comprise a group of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction, as well as repetitive and restrictive behaviors, etc. The genetic implications of ASD have been widely documented, and numerous genes have been associated with it. The use of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) has proven to be a rapid and effective method for detecting both small and large deletions and duplications associated with ASD. In this article, we present the implementation of CMA as a first-tier test in our clinical laboratory for patients with primary ASD over a prospective period of four years. The cohort was composed of 212 individuals over 3 years of age, who met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ASD. The use of a customized array-CGH (comparative genomic hybridization) design (KaryoArray®) found 99 individuals (45.20%) with copy number variants (CNVs); 34 of them carried deletions (34.34%) and 65 duplications (65.65%). A total of 28 of 212 patients had pathogenic or likely pathogenic CNVs, representing approximately 13% of the cohort. In turn, 28 out of 212 (approximately 12%) had variants of uncertain clinical significance (VUS). Our findings involve clinically significant CNVs, known to cause ASD (syndromic and non-syndromic), and other CNVs previously related to other comorbidities such as epilepsy or intellectual disability (ID). Lastly, we observed new rearrangements that will enhance the information available and the collection of genes associated with this disorder. Our data also highlight that CMA could be very useful in diagnosing patients with essential/primary autism, and demonstrate the existence of substantial genetic and clinical heterogeneity in non-syndromic ASD individuals, underscoring the continued challenge for genetic laboratories in terms of its molecular diagnosis.
Collapse
|
31
|
San José Cáceres A, Landlust AM, Carbin JM. Consensus recommendations on sleeping problems in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104750. [PMID: 36963463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Early onset sleep problems and disorders are very common in individuals with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS) with rates of up to 90%. These sleep problems and disorders cannot be taken lightly. Not only do they have a major impact on the health, behaviour, functioning and learning opportunities of affected individuals, they can also have detrimental effects on the well-being and resilience of parents and caregivers, ultimately affecting the physical health, mental health and well-being of the whole social system. In this review we aim to understand the types and frequencies of sleeping problems in PMS as the basis for recommendations on their management and treatment and to provide general guidelines for clinicians and practitioners. We conducted an in-depth literature search, summarised findings, and participated in a series of consensus meetings with other consortium members - experts on PMS and stakeholders - to agree on guidelines and recommendations. In parallel, a world-wide survey was created and distributed amongst parents to include their perspective. Our literature search found only three articles specifically focused on sleeping problems in PMS, although some other articles mentioned prevalence and associated factors. Country-specific prevalence rates ranged between 24% and 46%, whereas our parental survey reported 59%. The main problems reported involved difficulty falling asleep and numerous night awakenings, with being restless in sleep, night-time incontinence, and tooth grinding also commonly reported. Only a small number of individuals had undergone a sleep study monitored by a specialist. Bedtime resistance normally decreases with age, but sleep-onset delay, sleep anxiety, parasomnias, problems falling and remaining asleep remain throughout lifespan, with total sleep time improving during adulthood. However, this improvement was also accompanied by a substantial increase in parasomnias. Ultimately, an increase in sleep disorders in children correlates with increased sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness in parents/caregivers. No study to date has focused on the underlying causes of sleeping problems in PMS, but comorbid mental health conditions, somatic causes, or (poly)pharmacy have been proposed as triggers for sleeping disturbances. Currently there is no PMS-specific treatment for sleeping problems, and current recommendations are mostly based on individuals with intellectual disability and/or neurodevelopmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A San José Cáceres
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Departamento de Psiquiatría del Niño y del Adolescente, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - A M Landlust
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx, Department of (Youth) Mental Health and Autism, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J M Carbin
- Patient representative from the European Consensus PMS group, the Netherlands
| | -
- C.M.A. van Ravenswaaij-Arts, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haile MT, Khoja S, de Carvalho G, Hunt RF, Chen LY. Conditional deletion of Neurexin-2 alters neuronal network activity in hippocampal circuitries and leads to spontaneous seizures. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:97. [PMID: 36941261 PMCID: PMC10027846 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurexins (Nrxns) have been extensively studied for their role in synapse organization and have been linked to many neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and epilepsy. However, no studies have provided direct evidence that Nrxns may be the key regulator in the shared pathogenesis of these conditions largely due to complexities among Nrxns and their non-canonical functions in different synapses. Recent studies identified NRXN2 mutations in ASD and epilepsy, but little is known about Nrxn2's role in a circuit-specific manner. Here, we report that conditional deletion of Nrxn2 from the hippocampus and cortex (Nrxn2 cKO) results in behavioral abnormalities, including reduced social preference and increased nestlet shredding behavior. Electrophysiological recordings identified an overall increase in hippocampal CA3→CA1 network activity in Nrxn2 cKO mice. Using intracranial electroencephalogram recordings, we observed unprovoked spontaneous reoccurring electrographic and behavioral seizures in Nrxn2 cKO mice. This study provides the first evidence that conditional deletion of Nrxn2 induces increased network activity that manifests into spontaneous recurrent seizures and behavioral impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mulatwa T Haile
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sheraz Khoja
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Gregory de Carvalho
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Robert F Hunt
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lulu Y Chen
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jesse S, Kuhlmann L, Hildebrand LS, Magelssen H, Schmaus M, Timmermann B, Andres S, Fietkau R, Distel LV. Increased Radiation Sensitivity in Patients with Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050820. [PMID: 36899955 PMCID: PMC10000830 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome is an inherited global developmental disorder commonly associated with autism spectrum disorder. Due to a significantly increased radiosensitivity, measured before the start of radiotherapy of a rhabdoid tumor in a child with Phelan-McDermid syndrome, the question arose whether other patients with this syndrome also have increased radiosensitivity. For this purpose, the radiation sensitivity of blood lymphocytes after irradiation with 2Gray was examined using the G0 three-color fluorescence in situ hybridization assay in a cohort of 20 patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome from blood samples. The results were compared to healthy volunteers, breast cancer patients and rectal cancer patients. Independent of age and gender, all but two patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome showed significantly increased radiosensitivity, with an average of 0.653 breaks per metaphase. These results correlated neither with the individual genetic findings nor with the individual clinical course, nor with the respective clinical severity of the disease. In our pilot study, we saw a significantly increased radiosensitivity in lymphocytes from patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome, so pronounced that a dose reduction would be recommended if radiotherapy had to be performed. Ultimately, the question arises as to the interpretation of these data. There does not appear to be an increased risk of tumors in these patients, since tumors are rare overall. The question, therefore, arose as to whether our results could possibly be the basis for processes, such as aging/preaging, or, in this context, neurodegeneration. There are no data on this so far, but this issue should be pursued in further fundamentally based studies in order to better understand the pathophysiology of the syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jesse
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Kuhlmann
- Department of Radiation Biology, Erlangen University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laura S. Hildebrand
- Department of Radiation Biology, Erlangen University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henriette Magelssen
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital (The Norwegian Radium Hospital), 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Martina Schmaus
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Beate Timmermann
- Clinic for Particle Therapy at WPE, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Biology, Erlangen University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V. Distel
- Department of Radiation Biology, Erlangen University, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Burdeus-Olavarrieta M, Nevado J, van Weering-Scholten S, Parker S, Swillen A. Consensus recommendations on communication, language and speech in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104745. [PMID: 36871884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome is a genetic condition primarily caused by a deletion on the 22q13.3 region or a likely pathogenic/pathogenic variant of SHANK3. The main features comprise global developmental delay, marked impairment or absence of speech, and other clinical characteristics to a variable degree, such as hypotonia or psychiatric comorbidities. A set of clinical guidelines for health professionals covering relevant aspects of clinical management have been written by the European PMS Consortium, and consensus has been reached regarding final recommendations. In this work, attention is given to communication, language and speech impairments in PMS, and the findings from available literature are presented. Findings from the literature review reveal marked speech impairment in up to 88% of deletions and 70% of SHANK3 variants. Absence of speech is frequent and affects 50%-80% of the individuals with PMS. Communicative skills in the expressive domain other than spoken language remain understudied, but some studies offer data on non-verbal language or the use of alternative/augmentative communication support. Loss of language and other developmental skills is reported in around 40% of individuals, with variable course. Deletion size and possibly other clinical variables (e.g., conductive hearing problems, neurological issues, intellectual disability, etc.) are related to communicative and linguistic abilities. Recommendations include regular medical check-ups of hearing and the assessment of other factors influencing communication, thorough evaluation of preverbal and verbal communicative skills, early intervention, and support via alternative/augmentative communication systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Burdeus-Olavarrieta
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; School of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julián Nevado
- Instituto de Genética Médica y Molecular (INGEMM)-IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain; CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain; ITHACA-European Reference Network, Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Susanne Parker
- Phelan-McDermid-Gesellschaft e.V. Geschäftsstelle Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Sekretariat Neurologie, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | -
- Coordinated by C.M.A. van Ravenswaaij-Arts, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Dept. Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ann Swillen
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Coo IF, Jesse S, Le TL, Sala C, Bourgeron T. Consensus recommendations on Epilepsy in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104746. [PMID: 36967043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a 22q13.3 deletion syndrome that presents with a disturbed development, neurological and psychiatric characteristics, and sometimes other comorbidities like seizures. The epilepsy manifests itself in a variety of seizure semiologies. Further diagnostics using electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important in conjunction with the clinical picture of the seizures to decide whether anticonvulsant therapy is necessary. As part of the development of European consensus guidelines we focussed on the prevalence and semiology of epileptic seizures in PMS associated with a pathogenic variant in the SHANK3 gene or the 22q13 deletion involving SHANK3, in order to then be able to make recommendations regarding diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
|
36
|
Burgdorf JS, Yoon S, Dos Santos M, Lammert CR, Moskal JR, Penzes P. An IGFBP2-derived peptide promotes neuroplasticity and rescues deficits in a mouse model of Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1101-1111. [PMID: 36481930 PMCID: PMC10084719 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01904-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We developed an IGFBP2-mimetic peptide fragment, JB2, and showed that it promotes basal synaptic structural and functional plasticity in cultured neurons and mice. We demonstrate that JB2 directly binds to dendrites and synapses, and its biological activity involves NMDA receptor activation, gene transcription and translation, and IGF2 receptors. It is not IGF1 receptor-dependent. In neurons, JB2 induced extensive remodeling of the membrane phosphoproteome. Synapse and cytoskeletal regulation, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk factors, and a Shank3-associated protein network were significantly enriched among phosphorylated and dephosphorylated proteins. Haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene on chromosome 22q13.3 often causes Phelan-McDermid Syndrome (PMS), a genetically defined form of autism with profound deficits in motor behavior, sensory processing, language, and cognitive function. We identified multiple disease-relevant phenotypes in a Shank3 heterozygous mouse and showed that JB2 rescued deficits in synaptic function and plasticity, learning and memory, ultrasonic vocalizations, and motor function; it also normalized neuronal excitability and seizure susceptibility. Notably, JB2 rescued deficits in the auditory evoked response latency, alpha peak frequency, and steady-state electroencephalography response, measures with direct translational value to human subjects. These data demonstrate that JB2 is a potent modulator of neuroplasticity with therapeutic potential for the treatment of PMS and ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Burgdorf
- Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
- Gate neurosciences, Inc., Carmel, IN, 46032, USA
| | - Sehyoun Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marc Dos Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Catherine R Lammert
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joseph R Moskal
- Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
- Gate neurosciences, Inc., Carmel, IN, 46032, USA
| | - Peter Penzes
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Northwestern University, Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vitrac A, Leblond CS, Rolland T, Cliquet F, Mathieu A, Maruani A, Delorme R, Schön M, Grabrucker AM, van Ravenswaaij-Arts C, Phelan K, Tabet AC, Bourgeron T. Dissecting the 22q13 region to explore the genetic and phenotypic diversity of patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104732. [PMID: 36822569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
SHANK3-related Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is caused by a loss of the distal part of chromosome 22, including SHANK3, or by a pathological SHANK3 variant. There is an important genetic and phenotypic diversity among patients who can present with developmental delay, language impairments, autism, epilepsy, and other symptoms. SHANK3, encoding a synaptic scaffolding protein, is deleted in the majority of patients with PMS and is considered a major gene involved in the neurological impairments of the patients. However, differences in deletion size can influence clinical features, and in some rare cases, deletions at the 22q13 locus in individuals with SHANK3-unrelated PMS do not encompass SHANK3. These individuals with SHANK3-unrelated PMS still display a PMS-like phenotype. This suggests the participation of other 22q13 genes in the pathogenesis of PMS. Here, we review the biological function and potential implication in PMS symptoms of 110 genes located in the 22q13 region, focusing on 35 genes with evidence for association with neurodevelopmental disorders, including 13 genes for epilepsy and 11 genes for microcephaly and/or macrocephaly. Our review is restricted to the 22q13 region, but future large-scale studies using whole genome sequencing and deep-phenotyping are warranted to develop predictive models of clinical trajectories and to target specific medical and educational care for each individual with PMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Vitrac
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Rolland
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Freddy Cliquet
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Anna Maruani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute HRI, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Conny van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Katy Phelan
- Genetics Laboratory, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL, 33916, USA
| | | | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Génétique Humaine et Fonctions Cognitives, Institut Pasteur, UMR3571 CNRS, Université de Paris Cité, IUF, 75015, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sarasua SM, DeLuca JM, Rogers C, Phelan K, Rennert L, Powder KE, Weisensee K, Boccuto L. Head Size in Phelan-McDermid Syndrome: A Literature Review and Pooled Analysis of 198 Patients Identifies Candidate Genes on 22q13. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:540. [PMID: 36980813 PMCID: PMC10048319 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a multisystem disorder that is associated with deletions of the 22q13 genomic region or pathogenic variants in the SHANK3 gene. Notable features include developmental issues, absent or delayed speech, neonatal hypotonia, seizures, autism or autistic traits, gastrointestinal problems, renal abnormalities, dolichocephaly, and both macro- and microcephaly. Assessment of the genetic factors that are responsible for abnormal head size in PMS has been hampered by small sample sizes as well as a lack of attention to these features. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between head size and genes on chromosome 22q13. A review of the literature was conducted to identify published cases of 22q13 deletions with information on head size to conduct a pooled association analysis. Across 56 studies, we identified 198 cases of PMS with defined deletion sizes and head size information. A total of 33 subjects (17%) had macrocephaly, 26 (13%) had microcephaly, and 139 (70%) were normocephalic. Individuals with macrocephaly had significantly larger genomic deletions than those with microcephaly or normocephaly (p < 0.0001). A genomic region on 22q13.31 was found to be significantly associated with macrocephaly with CELSR1, GRAMD4, and TBCD122 suggested as candidate genes. Investigation of these genes will aid the understanding of head and brain development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Sarasua
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, Clemson University School of Nursing, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jane M. DeLuca
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, Clemson University School of Nursing, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Katy Phelan
- Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Fort Myers, FL 33908, USA
| | - Lior Rennert
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Kara E. Powder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Katherine Weisensee
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- Healthcare Genetics and Genomics Program, Clemson University School of Nursing, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Walinga M, Jesse S, Alhambra N, Van Buggenhout G. Consensus recommendations on altered sensory functioning in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104726. [PMID: 36796507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Altered sensory functioning is often observed in individuals with SHANK3 related Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). Compared to typically developing individuals and individuals with an autism spectrum disorder, it has been suggested that there are distinctive features of sensory functioning in PMS. More hyporeactivity symptoms and less hyperreactivity and sensory seeking behaviour are seen, particularly in the auditory domain. Hypersensitivity to touch, possible overheating or turning red easily and reduced pain response are often seen. In this paper the current literature on sensory functioning in PMS is reviewed and recommendations for caregivers, based on consensus within the European PMS consortium, are given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margreet Walinga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sarah Jesse
- University of Ulm, Department of Neurology, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang M, Qi Q, Xu T. Targeting Shank3 deficiency and paresthesia in autism spectrum disorder: A brief review. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1128974. [PMID: 36846568 PMCID: PMC9948097 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1128974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a group of multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Several studies have shown an association between cases of ASD and mutations in the genes of SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domain protein 3 (SHANK3). These genes encode many cell adhesion molecules, scaffold proteins, and proteins involved in synaptic transcription, protein synthesis, and degradation. They have a profound impact on all aspects of synaptic transmission and plasticity, including synapse formation and degeneration, suggesting that the pathogenesis of ASD may be partially attributable to synaptic dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of synapses related to Shank3 in ASD. We also discuss the molecular, cellular, and functional studies of experimental models of ASD and current autism treatment methods targeting related proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Tao Xu,
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Qiu S, Qiu Y, Li Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Cheng Y, Liu Y. Nexus between genome-wide copy number variations and autism spectrum disorder in Northeast Han Chinese population. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:96. [PMID: 36750796 PMCID: PMC9906952 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Copy number variation (CNV), as one of genetic factors, is involved in ASD etiology. However, there exist substantial differences in terms of location and frequency of some CNVs in the general Asian population. Whole-genome studies of CNVs in Northeast Han Chinese samples are still lacking, necessitating our ongoing work to investigate the characteristics of CNVs in a Northeast Han Chinese population with clinically diagnosed ASD. METHODS We performed a genome-wide CNVs screening in Northeast Han Chinese individuals with ASD using array-based comparative genomic hybridization. RESULTS We found that 22 kinds of CNVs (6 deletions and 16 duplications) were potentially pathogenic. These CNVs were distributed in chromosome 1p36.33, 1p36.31, 1q42.13, 2p23.1-p22.3, 5p15.33, 5p15.33-p15.2, 7p22.3, 7p22.3-p22.2, 7q22.1-q22.2, 10q23.2-q23.31, 10q26.2-q26.3, 11p15.5, 11q25, 12p12.1-p11.23, 14q11.2, 15q13.3, 16p13.3, 16q21, 22q13.31-q13.33, and Xq12-q13.1. Additionally, we found 20 potential pathogenic genes of ASD in our population, including eight protein coding genes (six duplications [DRD4, HRAS, OPHN1, SHANK3, SLC6A3, and TSC2] and two deletions [CHRNA7 and PTEN]) and 12 microRNAs-coding genes (ten duplications [MIR202, MIR210, MIR3178, MIR339, MIR4516, MIR4717, MIR483, MIR675, MIR6821, and MIR940] and two deletions [MIR107 and MIR558]). CONCLUSION We identified CNVs and genes implicated in ASD risks, conferring perception to further reveal ASD etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qiu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China ,grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin University Hospital, Changchun, 130000 Jilin China
| | - Yingjia Qiu
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Yong Li
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Yunkai Liu
- grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China ,Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China ,grid.430605.40000 0004 1758 4110Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Yichun Qiao
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021 Jilin China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China. .,Key Laboratory for Cardiovascular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Breen MS, Fan X, Levy T, Pollak RM, Collins B, Osman A, Tocheva AS, Sahin M, Berry-Kravis E, Soorya L, Thurm A, Powell CM, Bernstein JA, Kolevzon A, Buxbaum JD. Large 22q13.3 deletions perturb peripheral transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100145. [PMID: 36276299 PMCID: PMC9579712 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2022.100145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused at least in part by haploinsufficiency of the SHANK3 gene, due to sequence variants in SHANK3 or subtelomeric 22q13.3 deletions. Phenotypic differences have been reported between PMS participants carrying small "class I" mutations and large "class II" mutations; however, the molecular perturbations underlying these divergent phenotypes remain obscure. Using peripheral blood transcriptome and serum metabolome profiling, we examined the molecular perturbations in the peripheral circulation associated with a full spectrum of PMS genotypes spanning class I (n = 37) and class II mutations (n = 39). Transcriptomic data revealed 52 genes with blood expression profiles that tightly scale with 22q.13.3 deletion size. Furthermore, we uncover 208 underexpressed genes in PMS participants with class II mutations, which were unchanged in class I mutations. These genes were not linked to 22q13.3 and were strongly enriched for glycosphingolipid metabolism, NCAM1 interactions, and cytotoxic natural killer (NK) immune cell signatures. In silico predictions estimated a reduction in CD56+ CD16- NK cell proportions in class II mutations, which was validated by mass cytometry time of flight. Global metabolomics profiling identified 24 metabolites that were significantly altered in PMS participants with class II mutations and confirmed a general reduction in sphingolipid metabolism. Collectively, these results provide new evidence linking PMS participants carrying class II mutations with decreased expression of cytotoxic cell signatures, reduced relative proportions of NK cells, and lower sphingolipid metabolism. These findings highlight alternative avenues for therapeutic development and offer new mechanistic insights supporting genotype-to-phenotype associations in PMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Breen
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuanjia Fan
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tess Levy
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca M Pollak
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brett Collins
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aya Osman
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna S Tocheva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Latha Soorya
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Craig M Powell
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kolevzon
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bauer HF, Delling JP, Bockmann J, Boeckers TM, Schön M. Development of sex- and genotype-specific behavioral phenotypes in a Shank3 mouse model for neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1051175. [PMID: 36699652 PMCID: PMC9868822 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with a SHANK3-related neurodevelopmental disorder, also termed Phelan-McDermid syndrome or abbreviated as PMS, exhibit significant global developmental delay, language impairment, and muscular hypotonia. Also common are repetitive behaviors and altered social interactions, in line with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. This study investigated the developmental aspect of autism-related behaviors and other phenotypes in a Shank3-transgenic mouse model. The animals underwent two sets of identical behavioral experiments, spanning motor skills, social and repetitive behavior, and cognition: baseline began at 5 weeks of age, corresponding to human adolescence, and the follow-up was initiated when aged 13 weeks, resembling early adulthood in humans. Interestingly, the animals displayed relatively stable phenotypes. Moreover, motor coordination and endurance were impaired, while muscle strength was unchanged. Surprisingly, the animals displayed only minor impairments in social behavior, but pronounced stereotypic and repetitive behaviors. Some behavioral tests indicated increased avoidance and anxiety. While spatial learning and memory were unchanged, knockout animals displayed slightly impaired cognitive flexibility. Female animals had similar abnormalities as males in the paradigms testing avoidance, anxiety, and cognition, but were less pathological in motor function and repetitive behavior. In all test paradigms, heterozygous Shank3 knockout animals had either no abnormal or a milder phenotype. Accurate characterization of animal models for genetic diseases is a prerequisite for understanding the pathophysiology. This is subsequently the basis for finding suitable and, ideally, translational biomarkers for therapeutic approaches and, thereby reducing the number of animals needed for preclinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Friedericke Bauer
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,International Graduate School in Molecular Medicine Ulm, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Bockmann
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M. Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm Site, Ulm, Germany,*Correspondence: Tobias M. Boeckers,
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany,Michael Schön,
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Loth E. Does the current state of biomarker discovery in autism reflect the limits of reductionism in precision medicine? Suggestions for an integrative approach that considers dynamic mechanisms between brain, body, and the social environment. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1085445. [PMID: 36911126 PMCID: PMC9992810 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1085445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, precision medicine has become one of the most influential approaches in biomedical research to improve early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of clinical conditions and develop mechanism-based therapies tailored to individual characteristics using biomarkers. This perspective article first reviews the origins and concept of precision medicine approaches to autism and summarises recent findings from the first "generation" of biomarker studies. Multi-disciplinary research initiatives created substantially larger, comprehensively characterised cohorts, shifted the focus from group-comparisons to individual variability and subgroups, increased methodological rigour and advanced analytic innovations. However, although several candidate markers with probabilistic value have been identified, separate efforts to divide autism by molecular, brain structural/functional or cognitive markers have not identified a validated diagnostic subgroup. Conversely, studies of specific monogenic subgroups revealed substantial variability in biology and behaviour. The second part discusses both conceptual and methodological factors in these findings. It is argued that the predominant reductionist approach, which seeks to parse complex issues into simpler, more tractable units, let us to neglect the interactions between brain and body, and divorce individuals from their social environment. The third part draws on insights from systems biology, developmental psychology and neurodiversity approaches to outline an integrative approach that considers the dynamic interaction between biological (brain, body) and social mechanisms (stress, stigma) to understanding the origins of autistic features in particular conditions and contexts. This requires 1) closer collaboration with autistic people to increase face validity of concepts and methodologies; (2) development of measures/technologies that enable repeat assessment of social and biological factors in different (naturalistic) conditions and contexts, (3) new analytic methods to study (simulate) these interactions (including emergent properties), and (4) cross-condition designs to understand which mechanisms are transdiagnostic or specific for particular autistic sub-populations. Tailored support may entail both creating more favourable conditions in the social environment and interventions for some autistic people to increase well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Loth
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
I DV, Proskokova TN. [Phelan-McDermid syndrome associated with a novel heterozygous mutation in the SHANK3 gene]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:124-128. [PMID: 37655421 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a hereditary disorder associated with microdeletions of chromosome 22q13 or point mutations in SHANK3, characterized by mental and speech delays, intellectual disability, epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder. We describe a case PMS associated with a heterozygous mutation c.2486delC (p.Pro829fs) in SHANK3. The diagnostic pathway of a female patient with PMS took more than 7 years; the reason for treatment was the onset of epileptic seizures and impaired speech development. The existence of different types of rearrangements and genomic variations can explain the high clinical variability observed in individuals with PMS. Only molecular diagnosis can accurately diagnose individuals with PMS for follow-up and medical genetic counselling of families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D V I
- Khabarovsk Center for the Development of Psychology and Childhood «Psylogia», Khabarovsk, Russia
- Far-East State Medical University, Khabarovsk, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pollak RM, Pincus JE, Burrell TL, Cubells JF, Klaiman C, Murphy MM, Saulnier CA, Walker EF, White SP, Mulle JG. Autism spectrum disorder symptom expression in individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome. Mol Autism 2022; 13:50. [PMID: 36566217 PMCID: PMC9789637 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-022-00533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 1.6 Mb 3q29 deletion is associated with neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric phenotypes, including a 19-fold increased risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous work by our team identified elevated social disability in this population via parent-report questionnaires. However, clinical features of ASD in this population have not been explored in detail. METHODS Thirty-one individuals with 3q29 deletion syndrome (3q29del, 61.3% male) were evaluated using two gold-standard clinical ASD evaluations: the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2), and the Autism Diagnostic Interview, Revised (ADI-R). Four matched comparators for each subject were ascertained from the National Database for Autism Research. Item-level scores on the ADOS-2 and ADI-R were compared between subjects with 3q29del and matched comparators. RESULTS Subjects with 3q29del and no ASD (3q29del-ASD) had greater evidence of social disability compared to typically developing (TD) comparison subjects across the ADOS-2. Subjects with 3q29del and ASD (3q29del + ASD) were largely indistinguishable from non-syndromic ASD (nsASD) subjects on the ADOS-2. 3q29del + ASD performed significantly better on social communication on the ADI-R than nsASD (3q29 + ASD mean = 11.36; nsASD mean = 15.70; p = 0.01), and this was driven by reduced deficits in nonverbal communication (3q29 + ASD mean = 1.73; nsASD mean = 3.63; p = 0.03). 3q29del + ASD reported significantly later age at the first two-word phrase compared to nsASD (3q29del + ASD mean = 43.89 months; nsASD mean = 37.86 months; p = 0.01). However, speech delay was not related to improved nonverbal communication in 3q29del + ASD. LIMITATIONS There were not enough TD comparators with ADI-R data in NDAR to include in the present analysis. Additionally, our relatively small sample size made it difficult to assess race and ethnicity effects. CONCLUSIONS 3q29del is associated with significant social disability, irrespective of ASD diagnosis. 3q29del + ASD have similar levels of social disability to nsASD, while 3q29del-ASD have significantly increased social disability compared to TD individuals. However, social communication is reasonably well preserved in 3q29del + ASD relative to nsASD. It is critical that verbal ability and social disability be examined separately in this population to ensure equal access to ASD and social skills evaluations and services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Pollak
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Jordan E. Pincus
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Clinical Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - T. Lindsey Burrell
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Joseph F. Cubells
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Cheryl Klaiman
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Melissa M. Murphy
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Celine A. Saulnier
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,Neurodevelopmental Assessment and Consulting Services, Decatur, GA USA
| | - Elaine F. Walker
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Stormi Pulver White
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Jennifer G. Mulle
- grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ USA ,grid.430387.b0000 0004 1936 8796Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, 679 Hoes Lane West, NJ 08854 Piscataway, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Haploinsufficiency of Shank3 increases the orientation selectivity of V1 neurons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22230. [PMID: 36564435 PMCID: PMC9789112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose hallmarks are social deficits, language impairment, repetitive behaviors, and sensory alterations. It has been reported that patients with ASD show differential activity in cortical regions, for instance, increased neuronal activity in visual processing brain areas and atypical visual perception compared with healthy subjects. The causes of these alterations remain unclear, although many studies demonstrate that ASD has a strong genetic correlation. An example is Phelan-McDermid syndrome, caused by a deletion of the Shank3 gene in one allele of chromosome 22. However, the neuronal consequences relating to the haploinsufficiency of Shank3 in the brain remain unknown. Given that sensory abnormalities are often present along with the core symptoms of ASD, our goal was to study the tuning properties of the primary visual cortex to orientation and direction in awake, head-fixed Shank3+/- mice. We recorded neural activity in vivo in response to visual gratings in the primary visual cortex from a mouse model of ASD (Shank3+/- mice) using the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f, imaged with a two-photon microscope through a cranial window. We found that Shank3+/- mice showed a higher proportion of neurons responsive to drifting gratings stimuli than wild-type mice. Shank3+/- mice also show increased responses to some specific stimuli. Furthermore, analyzing the distributions of neurons for the tuning width, we found that Shank3+/- mice have narrower tuning widths, which was corroborated by analyzing the orientation selectivity. Regarding this, Shank3+/- mice have a higher proportion of selective neurons, specifically neurons showing increased selectivity to orientation but not direction. Thus, the haploinsufficiency of Shank3 modified the neuronal response of the primary visual cortex.
Collapse
|
48
|
Khalifa Y, Hassan HY, Weise A, Liehr T, Alkhayyat H. Molecular cytogenetic and phenotypic characterization of Phelan McDermid and 22q13 duplication syndrome: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:52. [PMID: 36528601 PMCID: PMC9759880 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PHMDS) is a rare genetic disorder mostly caused by haploinsufficincy of SHANK3 gene, and characterized by neonatal hypotonia, developmental delay, minor dysmorphic features, seizures and behavior problems. Literature of this syndrome is scanty and confusing, and represents a challenge for pediatricians, in terms of finding the correct diagnoses. CASE PRESENTATION In a postnatal case with hypotonia and dysmorphic features a de novo ring chromosome r(22) leading to in parallel microdeletion and micro duplication in 22q13 was diagnosed by banding cytogenetics, and further characterized in detail by molecular cytogenetic and chromosomal microarray. CONCLUSION Here a rare PHMDS case caused by a r(22) is presented. Less than 10 comparable cases are reported in the literature. The present case highlights the importance of conducting genetic counseling and appropriate genetic tests for newborns with mild dysmorphic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousif Khalifa
- grid.514028.a0000 0004 0474 1033Department of Pediatrics, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Hisham Y. Hassan
- grid.514028.a0000 0004 0474 1033Banoon ART and Cytogenetics Centre, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, P.O. Box: 28743, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Anja Weise
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224University Hospital Jena, Friedrich, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Liehr
- grid.275559.90000 0000 8517 6224University Hospital Jena, Friedrich, Jena, Germany
| | - Haya Alkhayyat
- grid.514028.a0000 0004 0474 1033Department of Pediatrics, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dille Y, Lagae L, Swillen A, Buggenhout GV. Neurodevelopmental profile and stages of regression in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022. [PMID: 36477723 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the neurodevelopmental profile of patients with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) and describe the nature and trajectory of regression. METHOD This was a retrospective, monocentric study examining the clinical and developmental data of 24 patients (average age = 25 years 6 months, range = 6-56 years, n = 13 males) with a confirmed 22q13.3 terminal deletion carried out at the Centre for Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven. The neurodevelopmental profile of individuals with PMS was examined, combining both cross-sectional and longitudinal data obtained by systematic review of digital medical records. RESULTS Remarkable loss of skills was present in 19 individuals affecting both language and motor skills. The first manifestations of neurodevelopmental regression occurred, on average, at the age of 7 years 6 months (range = 5-11 years). Language skills (active vocabulary) were primarily affected followed by, in order of loss, psychosocial adaptability, fine motor skills, and walking ability. The course of regression was characterized by a distinctive four-stage pattern. The first stage often occurred around mid-childhood and was defined by a pronounced and abrupt decline of language skills. This stage was generally followed by the second stage where a (prolonged) period of stagnation of regression was seen. The third stage was defined by acute neuropsychiatric decline (e.g. catatonia, hallucinations, psychosis). Acute events such as severe sickness, hormonal shifts, and psychosocial stress frequently preceded the fourth and final stage, which was characterized by severe neuromotor degeneration. INTERPRETATION Neurodevelopmental regression should be considered as a key feature of PMS. We present a four-stage model of neurodevelopmental regression, entailing language skills, fine and gross motor function, and psychosocial adaptation, which can be applied in future practice and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Dille
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
de Carvalho AFL, Alves ES, Pitanga PML, Ribeiro EM, Doriqui MJR, Toralles MBP, Topázio BA, dos Santos JF, de Lima RLLF, Kulikowski LD, Acosta AX. Identifying Genetic Etiology in Patients with Intellectual Disability: An Experience in Public Health Services in Northeastern Brazil. J Pediatr Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntellectual disability (ID) is considered a common neuropsychiatric disorder that affects up to 3% of the population. The etiologic origin of ID may be genetic, environmental, and multifactorial. Chromosomopathies are relatively common among the genetic causes of ID, especially in the most severe cases and those associated with dysmorphic features. Currently, the application of new molecular cytogenetics technologies has increasingly allowed the identification of microdeletions, microduplications, and unbalanced translocations as causes of ID. The objective of this study was to investigate the etiology of ID in patients admitted to a public hospital in Northeastern Brazil. In total, 119 patients with ID who had normal karyotypes and fragile X exams participated in this study. The patients were initially physically examined for microdeletion syndromes and then tested using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), methylation-sensitive polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR), and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), according to clinical suspicion. Patients with no diagnoses after FISH, MLPA, and/or MS-PCR evaluations were subsequently tested by CMA. The rate of etiologic diagnoses of ID in the current study was 28%. FISH diagnosed 25 out of 79 tested (31%), MLPA diagnosed 26 out of 79 tested (32%), MS-PCR diagnosed 7 out of 20 tested (35%), and the single nucleotide polymorphism array diagnosed 6 out of 27 tested (22%). Although the CMA is the most complete and recommended tool for the diagnosis of microdeletions, microduplications, and unbalance translocations in patients with ID, FISH, MLPA, and MS-PCR testing can be used as the first tests for specific syndromes, as long as the patients are first physically screened clinically, especially in the public health networks system in Brazil, where resources are scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Esmeralda Santos Alves
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biology, Federal University Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paula Monique Leite Pitanga
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biology, Federal University Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Erlane Marques Ribeiro
- Faculty of Medicine Estacio of Juazeiro Norte, Estacio-FMJ, Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Betânia Pereira Toralles
- Medical School of Medicine, Medical Genetic Service – Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital/Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bianca Arcaro Topázio
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biology, Federal University Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Fernandes dos Santos
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Mutagenesis, Institute of Biology, Federal University Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angelina Xavier Acosta
- Medical School of Medicine, Medical Genetic Service – Edgard Santos Teaching Hospital/Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|