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Gessler L, Huraskin D, Eiber N, Hashemolhosseini S. The impact of canonical Wnt transcriptional repressors TLE3 and TLE4 on postsynaptic transcription at the neuromuscular junction. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1360368. [PMID: 38600964 PMCID: PMC11004254 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1360368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigated the role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway transcriptional regulators at the neuromuscular junction. Upon applying a denervation paradigm, the transcription levels of Ctnnb1, Tcf7l1, Tle1, Tle2, Tle3, and Tle4 were significantly downregulated. A significant decrease in canonical Wnt signaling activity was observed using the denervation paradigm in Axin2-lacZ reporter mice. Alterations in the transcriptional profile of the myogenic lineage in response to agrin (AGRN) suggested that TLE3 and TLE4, family members of groucho transducin-like enhancer of split 3 (TLE3), transcriptional repressors known to antagonize T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF)-mediated target gene activation, could be important regulators of canonical Wnt signaling activity at the postsynapse. Knockouts of these genes using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in primary skeletal muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, led to decreased AGRN-dependent acetylcholine receptor (CHRN) clustering and reduced synaptic gene transcription upon differentiation of these cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that TLE3 and TLE4 participate in diminishing canonical Wnt signaling activity, supporting transcription of synaptic genes and CHRN clustering at the neuromuscular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Gessler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danyil Huraskin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nane Eiber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Muscle Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Gessler L, Huraskin D, Jian Y, Eiber N, Hu Z, Prószyński T, Hashemolhosseini S. The YAP1/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional network regulates gene expression at neuromuscular junctions in skeletal muscle fibers. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:600-624. [PMID: 38048326 PMCID: PMC10810223 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined YAP1/TAZ-TEAD signaling pathway activity at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of skeletal muscle fibers in adult mice. Our investigations revealed that muscle-specific knockouts of Yap1 or Taz, or both, demonstrate that these transcriptional coactivators regulate synaptic gene expression, the number and morphology of NMJs, and synaptic nuclei. Yap1 or Taz single knockout mice display reduced grip strength, fragmentation of NMJs, and accumulation of synaptic nuclei. Yap1/Taz muscle-specific double knockout mice do not survive beyond birth and possess almost no NMJs, the few detectable show severely impaired morphology and are organized in widened endplate bands; and with motor nerve endings being mostly absent. Myogenic gene expression is significantly impaired in the denervated muscles of knockout mice. We found that Tead1 and Tead4 transcription rates were increased upon incubation of control primary myotubes with AGRN-conditioned medium. Reduced AGRN-dependent acetylcholine receptor clustering and synaptic gene transcription were observed in differentiated primary Tead1 and Tead4 knockout myotubes. In silico analysis of previously reported genomic occupancy sites of TEAD1/4 revealed evolutionary conserved regions of potential TEAD binding motifs in key synaptic genes, the relevance of which was functionally confirmed by reporter assays. Collectively, our data suggest a role for YAP1/TAZ-TEAD1/TEAD4 signaling, particularly through TAZ-TEAD4, in regulating synaptic gene expression and acetylcholine receptor clustering at NMJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Gessler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Danyil Huraskin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yongzhi Jian
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nane Eiber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomasz J Prószyński
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Muscle Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Jia W, Wu L, Zhuang Z, Xu M, Lu Y, Wang Z, Bai H, Chen G, Chang G, Jiang Y. Research Note: Transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes regulated muscle development in Pekin ducks during dietary threonine deficiency. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103168. [PMID: 37918132 PMCID: PMC10641540 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of threonine (Thr) regulation on the development of breast muscle in Pekin ducks, 240 male Pekin ducks at 1 d of age were fed a Thr deficiency diet (Thr-D), Thr sufficiency diet (Thr-S), or Thr excess diet (Thr-E) for 21 d. The results showed that Thr-D reduced body weight (BW), average weight gain (ADG), and average feed intake (ADFI), and increased the feed/gain (F/G) in Pekin ducks (P < 0.05), and Thr-E did not affect BW, ADG, ADFI, or F/G (P > 0.05), compared with Thr-S. The diameter and cross-sectional area of the breast muscle fibers in the Thr-S group were larger than those in the Thr-D group (P < 0.05). RNA sequencing revealed 1,300 differential expressed genes (DEGs) between the Thr-D and Thr-S groups, of which 625 were upregulated and 675 were downregulated by Thr-D. KEGG analysis showed that the upregulated genes were enriched in mTOR, FoxO, Wnt, fat digestion and absorption, and other signaling pathways. The downregulated genes were enriched in the MAPK signaling, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, adipocytokine signaling, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids signaling pathways. The genes of Wnt family member 3a (Wnt3a), myogenin, myozenin 2, and insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein were upregulated, and platelet derived growth factor subunit B, PDGF receptor beta and Wnt4 were downregulated by Thr deficiency, which involving in muscle development. Our findings indicated that Thr increased breast fiber size, perhaps because Thr affected the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells in breast muscle of ducks after hatch. Our results provide novel insights into new understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying breast muscle development in ducks subjected to dietary Thr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minghong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yijia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Kelly JJ, Wen H, Brehm P. Single-cell RNAseq analysis of spinal locomotor circuitry in larval zebrafish. eLife 2023; 12:RP89338. [PMID: 37975797 PMCID: PMC10656102 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of the neuronal types that form the specialized circuits controlling distinct behaviors has benefited greatly from the simplicity offered by zebrafish. Electrophysiological studies have shown that in addition to connectivity, understanding of circuitry requires identification of functional specializations among individual circuit components, such as those that regulate levels of transmitter release and neuronal excitability. In this study, we use single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to identify the molecular bases for functional distinctions between motoneuron types that are causal to their differential roles in swimming. The primary motoneuron, in particular, expresses high levels of a unique combination of voltage-dependent ion channel types and synaptic proteins termed functional 'cassettes.' The ion channel types are specialized for promoting high-frequency firing of action potentials and augmented transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction, both contributing to greater power generation. Our transcriptional profiling of spinal neurons further assigns expression of this cassette to specific interneuron types also involved in the central circuitry controlling high-speed swimming and escape behaviors. Our analysis highlights the utility of scRNAseq in functional characterization of neuronal circuitry, in addition to providing a gene expression resource for studying cell type diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy J Kelly
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Hua Wen
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Paul Brehm
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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Cai C, Wan P, Wang H, Cai X, Wang J, Chai Z, Wang J, Wang H, Zhang M, Yang N, Wu Z, Zhu J, Yang X, Li Y, Yue B, Dang R, Zhong J. Transcriptional and open chromatin analysis of bovine skeletal muscle development by single-cell sequencing. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13430. [PMID: 36855961 PMCID: PMC10472525 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a complex heterogeneous tissue and characterizing its cellular heterogeneity and transcriptional and epigenetic signatures are important for understanding the details of its ontogeny. In our study, we applied scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq to investigate the cell types, molecular features, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation, and patterns of developing bovine skeletal muscle from gestational, lactational and adult stages. Detailed molecular analyses were used to dissect cellular heterogeneity, and we deduced the differentiation trajectory of myogenic cells and uncovered their dynamic gene expression profiles. SCENIC analysis was performed to demonstrate key regulons during cell fate decisions. We explored the future expression states of these heterogeneous cells by RNA velocity analysis and found extensive networks of intercellular communication using the toolkit CellChat. Moreover, the transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility modalities were confirmed to be highly concordant, and integrative analysis of chromatin accessibility and gene expression revealed key transcriptional regulators acting during myogenesis. In bovine skeletal muscle, by scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq analysis, different cell types such as adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, monocytes, pericyte cells and eight skeletal myogenic subpopulations were identified at the three developmental stages. The pseudotime trajectory exhibited a distinct sequential ordering for these myogenic subpopulations and eight distinct gene clusters were observed according to their expression pattern. Moreover, specifically expressed TFs (such as MSC, MYF5, MYOD1, FOXP3, ESRRA, BACH1, SIX2 and ATF4) associated with muscle development were predicted, and likely future transcriptional states of individual cells and the developmental dynamics of differentiation among neighbouring cells were predicted. CellChat analysis on the scRNA-seq data set then classified many ligand-receptor pairs among these cell clusters, which were further categorized into significant signalling pathways, including BMP, IGF, WNT, MSTN, ANGPTL, TGFB, TNF, VEGF and FGF. Finally, scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq results were successfully integrated to reveal a series of specifically expressed TFs that are likely to be candidates for the promotion of cell fate transition during bovine skeletal muscle development. Overall, our results outline a single-cell dynamic chromatin/transcriptional landscape for normal bovine skeletal muscle development; these provide an important resource for understanding the structure and function of mammalian skeletal muscle, which will promote research into its biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Guyuan BranchNingxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesGuyuanChina
| | - Peng Wan
- Guyuan BranchNingxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesGuyuanChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhixin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jikun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Haibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhijuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xueyao Yang
- Guyuan BranchNingxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesGuyuanChina
| | - Yulian Li
- Guyuan BranchNingxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesGuyuanChina
| | - Binglin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ruihua Dang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Jincheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province and Ministry of EducationSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduChina
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6
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Kurgan N, Stoikos J, Baranowski BJ, Yumol J, Dhaliwal R, Sweezey-Munroe JB, Fajardo VA, Gittings W, Macpherson REK, Klentrou P. Sclerostin Influences Exercise-Induced Adaptations in Body Composition and White Adipose Tissue Morphology in Male Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:541-555. [PMID: 36606556 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin is an inhibitor of the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that also has an endocrine role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. Additionally, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) sclerostin content decreases following exercise training (EXT). Therefore, we hypothesized that EXT-induced reductions in adipose tissue sclerostin may play a role in regulating adaptations in body composition and whole-body metabolism. To test this hypothesis, 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were either sedentary (SED) or performing 1 hour of treadmill running at ~65% to 70% maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) 5 day/week (EXT) for 4 weeks and had subcutaneous injections of either saline (C) or recombinant sclerostin (S) (0.1 mg/kg body mass) 5 day/week; thus, making four groups (SED-C, EXT-C, SED-S, and EXT-S; n = 12/group). No differences in body mass were observed between experimental groups, whereas food intake was higher in EXT (p = 0.03) and S (p = 0.08) groups. There was a higher resting energy expenditure in all groups compared to SED-C. EXT-C had increased lean mass and decreased fat mass percentage compared to SED-C and SED-S. No differences in body composition were observed in either the SED-S or EXT-S groups. Lower scWAT (inguinal), epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) (visceral epididymal) mass, and scWAT adipocyte cell size and increased percentage of multilocular cells in scWAT were observed in the EXT-C group compared to SED-C, whereas lower eWAT was only observed in the EXT-S group. EXT mice had increased scWAT low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) and mitochondrial content and sclerostin treatment only inhibited increased Lrp4 content with EXT. Together, these results provide evidence that reductions in resting sclerostin with exercise training may influence associated alterations in energy metabolism and body composition, particularly in scWAT. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J Baranowski
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jenalyn Yumol
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Roopan Dhaliwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jake B Sweezey-Munroe
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K Macpherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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7
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Fröhlich J, Rose K, Hecht A. Transcriptional activity mediated by β-CATENIN and TCF/LEF family members is completely dispensable for survival and propagation of multiple human colorectal cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2023; 13:287. [PMID: 36609428 PMCID: PMC9822887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Unrestrained transcriptional activity of β-CATENIN and its binding partner TCF7L2 frequently underlies colorectal tumor initiation and is considered an obligatory oncogenic driver throughout intestinal carcinogenesis. Yet, the TCF7L2 gene carries inactivating mutations in about 10% of colorectal tumors and is non-essential in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. To determine whether CRC cells acquire TCF7L2-independence through cancer-specific compensation by other T-cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (LEF) family members, or rather lose addiction to β-CATENIN/TCF7L2-driven gene expression altogether, we generated multiple CRC cell lines entirely negative for TCF/LEF or β-CATENIN expression. Survival of these cells and the ability to propagate them demonstrate their complete β-CATENIN- and TCF/LEF-independence. Nonetheless, one β-CATENIN-deficient cell line eventually became senescent, and absence of TCF/LEF proteins and β-CATENIN consistently impaired CRC cell proliferation, reminiscent of mitogenic effects of WNT/β-CATENIN signaling in the healthy intestine. Despite this common phenotype, β-CATENIN-deficient cells exhibited highly cell-line-specific gene expression changes with little overlap between β-CATENIN- and TCF7L2-dependent transcriptomes. Apparently, β-CATENIN and TCF7L2 independently control sizeable fractions of their target genes. The observed divergence of β-CATENIN and TCF7L2 transcriptional programs, and the finding that neither β-CATENIN nor TCF/LEF activity is strictly required for CRC cell survival has important implications when evaluating these factors as potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna Fröhlich
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katja Rose
- grid.5963.9Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hecht
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 17, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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8
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Caron L, Testa S, Magdinier F. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Physiological and Pathological Striated Muscle Complexity. J Neuromuscul Dis 2023; 10:761-776. [PMID: 37522215 PMCID: PMC10578229 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-230076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are a large group of diseases associated with either alterations of skeletal muscle fibers, motor neurons or neuromuscular junctions. Most of these diseases is characterized with muscle weakness or wasting and greatly alter the life of patients. Animal models do not always recapitulate the phenotype of patients. The development of innovative and representative human preclinical models is thus strongly needed for modeling the wide diversity of NMDs, characterization of disease-associated variants, investigation of novel genes function, or the development of therapies. Over the last decade, the use of patient's derived induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) has resulted in tremendous progress in biomedical research, including for NMDs. Skeletal muscle is a complex tissue with multinucleated muscle fibers supported by a dense extracellular matrix and multiple cell types including motor neurons required for the contractile activity. Major challenges need now to be tackled by the scientific community to increase maturation of muscle fibers in vitro, in particular for modeling adult-onset diseases affecting this tissue (neuromuscular disorders, cachexia, sarcopenia) and the evaluation of therapeutic strategies. In the near future, rapidly evolving bioengineering approaches applied to hiPSC will undoubtedly become highly instrumental for investigating muscle pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Caron
- Aix-Marseille Univ-INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
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9
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Gessler L, Kurtek C, Merholz M, Jian Y, Hashemolhosseini S. In Adult Skeletal Muscles, the Co-Receptors of Canonical Wnt Signaling, Lrp5 and Lrp6, Determine the Distribution and Size of Fiber Types, and Structure and Function of Neuromuscular Junctions. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243968. [PMID: 36552732 PMCID: PMC9777411 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is involved in skeletal muscle cell biology. The exact way in which this pathway exerts its contribution to myogenesis or neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) is a matter of debate. Next to the common co-receptors of canonical Wnt signaling, Lrp5 and Lrp6, the receptor tyrosine kinase MuSK was reported to bind at NMJs WNT glycoproteins by its extracellular cysteine-rich domain. Previously, we reported canonical Wnt signaling being active in fast muscle fiber types. Here, we used conditional Lrp5 or Lrp6 knockout mice to investigate the role of these receptors in muscle cells. Conditional double knockout mice died around E13 likely due to ectopic expression of the Cre recombinase. Phenotypes of single conditional knockout mice point to a very divergent role for the two receptors. First, muscle fiber type distribution and size were changed. Second, canonical Wnt signaling reporter mice suggested less signaling activity in the absence of Lrps. Third, expression of several myogenic marker genes was changed. Fourth, NMJs were of fragmented phenotype. Fifth, recordings revealed impaired neuromuscular transmission. In sum, our data show fundamental differences in absence of each of the Lrp co-receptors and suggest a differentiated view of canonical Wnt signaling pathway involvement in adult skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Gessler
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christopher Kurtek
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mira Merholz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yongzhi Jian
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Muscle Research Center, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-24634
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10
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Cui Y, Wang C, Liu L, Liu N, He J. Expression and distribution of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 in Aohan fine-wool sheep skin. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:11-19. [PMID: 35047658 PMCID: PMC8759078 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-11-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the expression and
distribution of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 genes in the development and morphogenesis of hair
follicles in fine-wool sheep. The results could lay a theoretical basis for
understanding the molecular mechanism that regulates hair follicle
development. The skin of Aohan fine-wool sheep at different developmental
stages (embryonic day 90, E90d, and 120, E120d, and postnatal day 1, B1d,
and 30, B30d) were selected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to
study the levels of mRNA and proteins, respectively. The RT-qPCR results
showed that the mRNA expression level of EPHA4 at B1d was significantly lower
than at E120d (p<0.01). The expression of Ephrin A3 at E120d was
significantly higher than that at E90d and B1d (p<0.01).
Immunohistochemical detection results showed that the level and localisation
of EPHA4 and Ephrin A3 proteins had spatial and temporal specificity. EPHA4 expression in dermal
papilla cells might be important for inducing Aohan fine-hair follicle
regeneration and for controlling the properties of the hair. Ephrin A3 might play an
important role in the redifferentiation of secondary hair follicles and
might also be involved in the inhibition of apoptosis-related gene
expression in hair follicles. The Ephrin A3 signalling pathway might accelerate the
growth of fine-hair follicles and increase the density of hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Chunliang Wang
- Nanchang police dog base of the Ministry of public security,
Nanchang, Jiangxi 330100, China
| | - Lirong Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong
266032, China
| | - Nan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Jianning He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural
University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
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11
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Yang Q, Chan P. Skeletal Muscle Metabolic Alternation Develops Sarcopenia. Aging Dis 2022; 13:801-814. [PMID: 35656108 PMCID: PMC9116905 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a new type of senile syndrome with progressive skeletal muscle mass loss with age, accompanied by decreased muscle strength and/or muscle function. Sarcopenia poses a serious threat to the health of the elderly and increases the burden of family and society. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of sarcopenia are still unclear. Recent studies have shown that changes of skeletal muscle metabolism are the risk factors for sarcopenia. Furthermore, the importance of the skeletal muscle metabolic microenvironment in regulating satellite cells (SCs) is gaining significant attention. Skeletal muscle metabolism has intrinsic relationship with the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and regeneration. This review is to discuss recent findings regarding skeletal muscle metabolic alternation and the development of sarcopenia, hoping to contribute better understanding and treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics and Neurobiology, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology, Geriatrics and Neurobiology, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Clinical Center for Parkinson’s Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Parkinson’s Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Piu Chan, Department of Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Road, Beijing 100053, China. .
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12
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Wnt/β-catenin signaling acts cell-autonomously to promote cardiomyocyte regeneration in the zebrafish heart. Dev Biol 2021; 481:226-237. [PMID: 34748730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish can achieve scar-free healing of heart injuries, and robustly replace all cardiomyocytes lost to injury via dedifferentiation and proliferation of mature cardiomyocytes. Previous studies suggested that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is active in the injured zebrafish heart, where it induces fibrosis and prevents cardiomyocyte cell cycling. Here, via targeting the destruction complex of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with pharmacological and genetic tools, we demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin activity is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation and dedifferentiation, as well as for maturation of the scar during regeneration. Using cardiomyocyte-specific conditional inhibition of the pathway, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling acts cell-autonomously to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation. Our results stand in contrast to previous reports and rather support a model in which Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a positive role during heart regeneration in zebrafish.
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13
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Dact1 is expressed during chicken and mouse skeletal myogenesis and modulated in human muscle diseases. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 256:110645. [PMID: 34252542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate skeletal muscle development and repair relies on the precise control of Wnt signaling. Dact1 (Dapper/Frodo) is an important modulator of Wnt signaling, interacting with key components of the various Wnt transduction pathways. Here, we characterized Dact1 mRNA and protein expression in chicken and mouse fetal muscles in vivo and during the differentiation of chick primary and mouse C2C12 myoblasts in vitro. We also performed in silico analysis to investigate Dact1 gene expression in human myopathies, and evaluated the Dact1 protein structure to seek an explanation for the accumulation of Dact1 protein aggregates in the nuclei of myogenic cells. Our results show for the first time that in both chicken and mouse, Dact1 is expressed during myogenesis, with a strong upregulation as cells engage in terminal differentiation, cell cycle withdrawal and cell fusion. In humans, Dact1 expression was found to be altered in specific muscle pathologies, including muscular dystrophies. Our bioinformatic analyses of Dact1 proteins revealed long intrinsically disordered regions, which may underpin the ability of Dact1 to interact with its many partners in the various Wnt pathways. In addition, we found that Dact1 has strong propensity for liquid-liquid phase separation, a feature that explains its ability to form nuclear aggregates and points to a possible role as a molecular 'on'-'off' switch. Taken together, our data suggest Dact1 as a candidate, multi-faceted regulator of amniote myogenesis with a possible pathophysiological role in human muscular diseases.
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14
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Leung C, Murad KBA, Tan ALT, Yada S, Sagiraju S, Bode PK, Barker N. Lgr5 Marks Adult Progenitor Cells Contributing to Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Sarcoma Formation. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108535. [PMID: 33357435 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of adult skeletal muscle is driven largely by resident satellite cells, a stem cell population increasingly considered to display a high degree of molecular heterogeneity. In this study, we find that Lgr5, a receptor for Rspo and a potent mediator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, marks a subset of activated satellite cells that contribute to muscle regeneration. Lgr5 is found to be rapidly upregulated in purified myogenic progenitors following acute cardiotoxin-induced injury. In vivo lineage tracing using our Lgr5-2ACreERT2R26tdTomatoLSL reporter mouse model shows that Lgr5+ cells can reconstitute damaged muscle fibers following muscle injury, as well as replenish the quiescent satellite cell pool. Moreover, conditional mutation in Lgr52ACreERT2;KrasG12D;Trp53flox/flox mice drives undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma formation in adult mice, thereby substantiating Lgr5+ cells as a cell of origin of sarcomas. Our findings provide the groundwork for developing Rspo/Wnt-signaling-based therapeutics to potentially enhance regenerative outcomes of skeletal muscles in degenerative muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Leung
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore; A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Katzrin Bte Ahmad Murad
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore; A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Adelyn Liang Thing Tan
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore; A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Swathi Yada
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore; A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Sowmya Sagiraju
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore; A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Peter Karl Bode
- Department of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nick Barker
- A(∗)STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore; A(∗)STAR Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore.
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15
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Kawao N, Morita H, Iemura S, Ishida M, Kaji H. Roles of Dkk2 in the Linkage from Muscle to Bone during Mechanical Unloading in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072547. [PMID: 32268570 PMCID: PMC7177709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical unloading simultaneously induces muscle and bone loss, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. The interactions between skeletal muscle and bone have been recently noted. Although canonical wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling is crucial for bone metabolism, its roles in the muscle and bone interactions have remained unknown. Here, we performed comprehensive DNA microarray analyses to clarify humoral factors linking muscle to bone in response to mechanical unloading and hypergravity with 3 g in mice. We identified Dickkopf (Dkk) 2, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor, as a gene whose expression was increased by hindlimb unloading (HU) and reduced by hypergravity in the soleus muscle of mice. HU significantly elevated serum Dkk2 levels and Dkk2 mRNA levels in the soleus muscle of mice whereas hypergravity significantly decreased those Dkk2 levels. In the simple regression analyses, serum Dkk2 levels were negatively and positively related to trabecular bone mineral density and mRNA levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in the tibia of mice, respectively. Moreover, shear stress significantly suppressed Dkk2 mRNA levels in C2C12 cells, and cyclooxygenase inhibitors significantly antagonized the effects of shear stress on Dkk2 expression. On the other hand, Dkk2 suppressed the mRNA levels of osteogenic genes, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization, and it increased RANKL mRNA levels in mouse osteoblasts. In conclusion, we showed that muscle and serum Dkk2 levels are positively and negatively regulated during mechanical unloading and hypergravity in mice, respectively. An increase in Dkk2 expression in the skeletal muscle might contribute to disuse- and microgravity-induced bone and muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan; (N.K.); (S.I.); (M.I.)
| | - Hironobu Morita
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan;
| | - Shunki Iemura
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan; (N.K.); (S.I.); (M.I.)
| | - Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan; (N.K.); (S.I.); (M.I.)
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama 589-8511, Japan; (N.K.); (S.I.); (M.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-72-366-0221
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16
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Azevedo PL, Oliveira NCA, Corrêa S, Castelo-Branco MTL, Abdelhay E, Binato R. Canonical WNT Signaling Pathway is Altered in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients And Is Implicated in BMP4 Down-Regulation. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:614-625. [PMID: 30703678 PMCID: PMC6350721 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are key components of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). A molecular signature in hMSCs from Acute myeloid leukemia patients (hMSC-AML) has been proposed where BMP4 is decreased and could be regulated by WNT signaling pathway. Therefore, the aim of this work was to verify whether the WNT signaling pathway can regulate the BMP4 gene in hMSCs. The results showed differentially expressed genes in the WNT canonical pathway between hMSC-AML and hMSCs from healthy donors and a real-time quantitative assay corroborated with these findings. Moreover, the main WNT canonical pathway regulators were decreased in hMSC-AML, such as LEF-1, β-catenin and the β-catenin/TCF-LEF regulatory complex in the nucleus. This result, together with functional assays, suggests that the induction of BMP4 expression by the WNT signaling pathway is decreased in hMSC-AML. Overall, the WNT canonical pathway is able to regulate the BMP4 gene in hMSC-AML and its reduced activation could also lead to the lower expression of BMP4 in hMSC-AML. Due to the important role of the BMM, changes in BMP4 expression through the WNT canonical pathway may be a potential mechanism of leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L Azevedo
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nathalia C A Oliveira
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stephany Corrêa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Morgana T L Castelo-Branco
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eliana Abdelhay
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Binato
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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17
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Qian T, Hernday SE, Bao X, Olson WR, Panzer SE, Shusta EV, Palecek SP. Directed Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Podocytes under Defined Conditions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2765. [PMID: 30808965 PMCID: PMC6391455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is glomerular disease, which can be attributed to a spectrum of podocyte disorders. Podocytes are non-proliferative, terminally differentiated cells. Thus, the limited supply of primary podocytes impedes CKD research. Differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into podocytes has the potential to produce podocytes for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapies. In the podocyte differentiation process described here, hPSCs are first induced to primitive streak-like cells by activating canonical Wnt signaling. Next, these cells progress to mesoderm precursors, proliferative nephron progenitors, and eventually become mature podocytes by culturing in a serum-free medium. Podocytes generated via this protocol adopt podocyte morphology, express canonical podocyte markers, and exhibit podocyte phenotypes, including albumin uptake and TGF-β1 triggered cell death. This study provides a simple, defined strategy to generate podocytes for in vitro modeling of podocyte development and disease or for cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongcheng Qian
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Shaenah E Hernday
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - William R Olson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Sarah E Panzer
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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18
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Suzuki A, Minamide R, Iwata J. WNT/β-catenin signaling plays a crucial role in myoblast fusion through regulation of nephrin expression during development. Development 2018; 145:dev.168351. [PMID: 30389854 DOI: 10.1242/dev.168351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle development is controlled by a series of multiple orchestrated regulatory pathways. WNT/β-catenin is one of the most important pathways for myogenesis; however, it remains unclear how this signaling pathway regulates myogenesis in a temporal- and spatial-specific manner. Here, we show that WNT/β-catenin signaling is crucial for myoblast fusion through regulation of the nephrin (Nphs1) gene in the Myog-Cre-expressing myoblast population. Mice deficient for the β-catenin gene in Myog-Cre-expressing myoblasts (Ctnnb1F/F;Myog-Cre mice) displayed myoblast fusion defects, but not migration or cell proliferation defects. The promoter region of Nphs1 contains the conserved β-catenin-binding element, and Nphs1 expression was induced by the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling. The induction of Nphs1 in cultured myoblasts from Ctnnb1F/F;Myog-Cre mice restored the myoblast fusion defect, indicating that nephrin is functionally relevant in WNT/β-catenin-dependent myoblast fusion. Taken together, our results indicate that WNT/β-catenin signaling is crucial for myoblast fusion through the regulation of the Nphs1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health) School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, UT Health School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Ryohei Minamide
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health) School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Center for Craniofacial Research, UT Health School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health) School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA .,Center for Craniofacial Research, UT Health School of Dentistry, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,MD Anderson Cancer Center, UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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19
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Alonso-Martin S, Auradé F, Mademtzoglou D, Rochat A, Zammit PS, Relaix F. SOXF factors regulate murine satellite cell self-renewal and function through inhibition of β-catenin activity. eLife 2018; 7:26039. [PMID: 29882512 PMCID: PMC6021169 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle satellite cells are the primary source of stem cells for postnatal skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Understanding genetic control of satellite cell formation, maintenance, and acquisition of their stem cell properties is on-going, and we have identified SOXF (SOX7, SOX17, SOX18) transcriptional factors as being induced during satellite cell specification. We demonstrate that SOXF factors regulate satellite cell quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation. Moreover, ablation of Sox17 in the muscle lineage impairs postnatal muscle growth and regeneration. We further determine that activities of SOX7, SOX17 and SOX18 overlap during muscle regeneration, with SOXF transcriptional activity requisite. Finally, we show that SOXF factors also control satellite cell expansion and renewal by directly inhibiting the output of β-catenin activity, including inhibition of Ccnd1 and Axin2. Together, our findings identify a key regulatory function of SoxF genes in muscle stem cells via direct transcriptional control and interaction with canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alonso-Martin
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955-E10, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Medecine, Créteil, France.,Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maison Alfort, France
| | - Frédéric Auradé
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U974, Center for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Despoina Mademtzoglou
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955-E10, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Medecine, Créteil, France.,Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maison Alfort, France
| | - Anne Rochat
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U974, Center for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Peter S Zammit
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Relaix
- Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM U955-E10, Créteil, France.,Université Paris Est, Faculté de Medecine, Créteil, France.,Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d'Alfort, Maison Alfort, France.,Etablissement Français du Sang, Creteil, France.,APHP, Hopitaux UniversitairesHenri Mondor, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires GNMH, Créteil, France
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20
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Chang CN, Kioussi C. Location, Location, Location: Signals in Muscle Specification. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:E11. [PMID: 29783715 PMCID: PMC6027348 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscles control body movement and locomotion, posture and body position and soft tissue support. Mesoderm derived cells gives rise to 700 unique muscles in humans as a result of well-orchestrated signaling and transcriptional networks in specific time and space. Although the anatomical structure of skeletal muscles is similar, their functions and locations are specialized. This is the result of specific signaling as the embryo grows and cells migrate to form different structures and organs. As cells progress to their next state, they suppress current sequence specific transcription factors (SSTF) and construct new networks to establish new myogenic features. In this review, we provide an overview of signaling pathways and gene regulatory networks during formation of the craniofacial, cardiac, vascular, trunk, and limb skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ning Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Molecular Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Chrissa Kioussi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Molecular Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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21
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Yang Q, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen D. Zac1/GPR39 phosphorylating CaMK-II contributes to the distinct roles of Pax3 and Pax7 in myogenic progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:407-419. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Girardi F, Le Grand F. Wnt Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Development and Regeneration. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 153:157-179. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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23
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Duan Y, Li F, Tan B, Yao K, Yin Y. Metabolic control of myofibers: promising therapeutic target for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Obes Rev 2017; 18:647-659. [PMID: 28391659 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of two major fibre types (I and II) that differ in terms of size, metabolism and contractile properties. In general, slow-twitch type I fibres are rich in mitochondria and have a greater insulin sensitivity than fast-twitch type II skeletal muscles. Although not widely appreciated, a forced induction of the slow skeletal muscle phenotype may inhibit the progress of obesity and diabetes. This potentially forms the basis for targeting slow/oxidative myofibers in the treatment of obesity. In this context, a better understanding of the molecular basis of fibre-type specification and plasticity may help to identify potential therapeutic targets for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehui Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengna Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, CICSAP, Changsha, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China
| | - Kang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, CICSAP, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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24
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Skeletal Muscle Cell Induction from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:1376151. [PMID: 28529527 PMCID: PMC5424488 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1376151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the potential to differentiate into various types of cells including skeletal muscle cells. The approach of converting ESCs/iPSCs into skeletal muscle cells offers hope for patients afflicted with the skeletal muscle diseases such as the Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Patient-derived iPSCs are an especially ideal cell source to obtain an unlimited number of myogenic cells that escape immune rejection after engraftment. Currently, there are several approaches to induce differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs to skeletal muscle. A key to the generation of skeletal muscle cells from ESCs/iPSCs is the mimicking of embryonic mesodermal induction followed by myogenic induction. Thus, current approaches of skeletal muscle cell induction of ESCs/iPSCs utilize techniques including overexpression of myogenic transcription factors such as MyoD or Pax3, using small molecules to induce mesodermal cells followed by myogenic progenitor cells, and utilizing epigenetic myogenic memory existing in muscle cell-derived iPSCs. This review summarizes the current methods used in myogenic differentiation and highlights areas of recent improvement.
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25
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Huraskin D, Eiber N, Reichel M, Zidek LM, Kravic B, Bernkopf D, von Maltzahn J, Behrens J, Hashemolhosseini S. Wnt/β-catenin signaling via Axin2 is required for myogenesis and, together with YAP/Taz and Tead1, active in IIa/IIx muscle fibers. Development 2016; 143:3128-42. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.139907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in myogenic differentiation, but its physiological role in muscle fibers remains elusive. Here, we studied activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in adult muscle fibers and muscle stem cells in an Axin2 reporter mouse. Axin2 is a negative regulator and a target of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In adult muscle fibers, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is only detectable in a subset of fast fibers that have a significantly smaller diameter than other fast fibers. In the same fibers, immunofluorescence staining for YAP/Taz and Tead1 was detected. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was absent in quiescent and activated satellite cells. Upon injury, Wnt/β-catenin signaling was detected in muscle fibers with centrally located nuclei. During differentiation of myoblasts expression of Axin2, but not of Axin1, increased together with Tead1 target gene expression. Furthermore, absence of Axin1 and Axin2 interfered with myoblast proliferation and myotube formation, respectively. Treatment with the canonical Wnt3a ligand also inhibited myotube formation. Wnt3a activated TOPflash and Tead1 reporter activity, whereas neither reporter was activated in the presence of Dkk1, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling. We propose that Axin2-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in myotube formation and, together with YAP/Taz/Tead1, associated with reduced muscle fiber diameter of a subset of fast fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyil Huraskin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Fahrstrasse 17, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Nane Eiber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Fahrstrasse 17, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, Glückstrasse 6, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Laura M. Zidek
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research/Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Bojana Kravic
- Institute of Biochemistry, Fahrstrasse 17, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Dominic Bernkopf
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, Glückstrasse 6, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Julia von Maltzahn
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research/Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Jürgen Behrens
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center of Molecular Medicine, Glückstrasse 6, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
| | - Said Hashemolhosseini
- Institute of Biochemistry, Fahrstrasse 17, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91054, Germany
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26
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Dambreville C, Charest J, Thibaudier Y, Hurteau MF, Kuczynski V, Grenier G, Frigon A. Adaptive muscle plasticity of a remaining agonist following denervation of its close synergists in a model of complete spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:1366-74. [PMID: 27358318 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00328.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete spinal cord injury (SCI) alters the contractile properties of skeletal muscle, and although exercise can induce positive changes, it is unclear whether the remaining motor system can produce adaptive muscle plasticity in response to a subsequent peripheral nerve injury. To address this, the nerve supplying the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and soleus muscles was sectioned unilaterally in four cats that had recovered hindlimb locomotion after spinal transection. In these spinal cats, kinematics and electromyography (EMG) were collected before and for 8 wk after denervation. Muscle histology was performed on LG and medial gastrocnemius (MG) bilaterally in four spinal and four intact cats. In spinal cats, cycle duration for the hindlimb ipsilateral or contralateral to the denervation could be significantly increased or decreased compared with predenervation values. Stance duration was generally increased and decreased for the contralateral and ipsilateral hindlimbs, respectively. The EMG amplitude of MG was significantly increased bilaterally after denervation and remained elevated 8 wk after denervation. In spinal cats the ipsilateral LG was significantly smaller than the contralateral LG, whereas the ipsilateral MG weighed significantly more than the contralateral MG. Histological characterizations revealed significantly larger fiber areas for type IIa fibers of the ipsilateral MG in three of four spinal cats. Microvascular density in the ipsilateral MG was significantly higher than in the contralateral MG. In intact cats, no differences were found for muscle weight, fiber area, or microvascular density between homologous muscles. Therefore, the remaining motor system after complete SCI retains the ability to produce adaptive muscle plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Dambreville
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérémie Charest
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yann Thibaudier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-France Hurteau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Victoria Kuczynski
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Grenier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alain Frigon
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Sherbrooke (CRCHUS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada;
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27
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Sánchez-Duffhues G, Hiepen C, Knaus P, Ten Dijke P. Bone morphogenetic protein signaling in bone homeostasis. Bone 2015; 80:43-59. [PMID: 26051467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. They play multiple functions during development and tissue homeostasis, including regulation of the bone homeostasis. The BMP signaling pathway consists in a well-orchestrated manner of ligands, membrane receptors, co-receptors and intracellular mediators, that regulate the expression of genes controlling the normal functioning of the bone tissues. Interestingly, BMP signaling perturbation is associated to a variety of low and high bone mass diseases, including osteoporosis, bone fracture disorders and heterotopic ossification. Consistent with these findings, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that BMPs have potent effects on the activity of cells regulating bone function, suggesting that manipulation of the BMP signaling pathway may be employed as a therapeutic approach to treat bone diseases. Here we review the recent advances on BMP signaling and bone homeostasis, and how this knowledge may be used towards improved diagnosis and development of novel treatment modalities. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Sánchez-Duffhues
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Hiepen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg School of Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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28
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Abstract
Wnt signaling plays key roles in many aspects of development. In this review, we will briefly describe the components of signaling pathways induced by Wnt ligands and then describe the current state of research as this applies to aspects of development and disease as it relates to skeletal muscle and bone. We will conclude with a discussion of the parallels and differences in Wnt signaling in these two contexts and how these pathways are being (or could potentially be) targeted for therapeutic treatment of musculoskeletal diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Muscle Bone Interactions".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Rudnicki
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bart O Williams
- Center for Skeletal Disease and Tumor Metastasis, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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29
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Paris ND, Coles GL, Ackerman KG. Wt1 and β-catenin cooperatively regulate diaphragm development in the mouse. Dev Biol 2015; 407:40-56. [PMID: 26278035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The developing diaphragm consists of various differentiating cell types, many of which are not well characterized during organogenesis. One important but incompletely understood tissue, the diaphragmatic mesothelium, is distinctively present from early stages of development. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) occurs in humans when diaphragm tissue is lost during development, resulting in high morbidity and mortality postnatally. We utilized a Wilms Tumor 1 (Wt1) mutant mouse model to investigate the involvement of the mesothelium in normal diaphragm signaling and development. Additionally, we developed and characterized a Wt1(CreERT2)-driven β-catenin loss-of-function model of CDH after finding that canonical Wnt signaling and β-catenin are reduced in Wt1 mutant mesothelium. Mice with β-catenin loss or constitutive activation induced in the Wt1 lineage are only affected when tamoxifen injection occurs between E10.5 and E11.5, revealing a critical time-frame for Wt1/ β-catenin activity. Conditional β-catenin loss phenocopies the Wt1 mutant diaphragm defect, while constitutive activation of β-catenin on the Wt1 mutant background is sufficient to close the diaphragm defect. Proliferation and apoptosis are affected, but primarily these genetic manipulations appear to lead to a change in normal diaphragm differentiation. Our data suggest a fundamental role for mesothelial signaling in proper formation of the diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Paris
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Garry L Coles
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kate G Ackerman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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30
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Okada K, Naito AT, Higo T, Nakagawa A, Shibamoto M, Sakai T, Hashimoto A, Kuramoto Y, Sumida T, Nomura S, Ito M, Yamaguchi T, Oka T, Akazawa H, Lee JK, Morimoto S, Sakata Y, Shiojima I, Komuro I. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Contributes to Skeletal Myopathy in Heart Failure via Direct Interaction With Forkhead Box O. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:799-808. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background—
There are changes in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), such as volume reduction and fiber type shift toward fatigable type IIb fiber. Forkhead box O (FoxO) signaling plays a critical role in the development of skeletal myopathy in CHF, and functional interaction between FoxO and the Wnt signal mediator β-catenin was previously demonstrated. We have recently reported that serum of CHF model mice activates Wnt signaling more potently than serum of control mice and that complement C1q mediates this activation. We, therefore, hypothesized that C1q-induced activation of Wnt signaling plays a critical role in skeletal myopathy via the interaction with FoxO.
Methods and Results—
Fiber type shift toward fatigable fiber was observed in the skeletal muscle of dilated cardiomyopathy model mice, which was associated with activation of both Wnt and FoxO signaling. Wnt3a protein activated FoxO signaling and induced fiber type shift toward fatigable fiber in C2C12 cells. Wnt3a-induced fiber type shift was inhibited by suppression of FoxO1 activity, whereas Wnt3a-independent fiber type shift was observed by overexpression of constitutively active FoxO1. Serum of dilated cardiomyopathy mice activated both Wnt and FoxO signaling and induced fiber type shift toward fatigable fiber in C2C12 cells. Wnt inhibitor and C1-inhibitor attenuated FoxO activation and fiber type shift both in C2C12 cells and in the skeletal muscle of dilated cardiomyopathy mice.
Conclusions—
C1q-induced activation of Wnt signaling contributes to fiber type shift toward fatigable fiber in CHF. Wnt signaling may be a novel therapeutic target to prevent skeletal myopathy in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuki Okada
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Atsuhiko T. Naito
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Tomoaki Higo
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Akito Nakagawa
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Masato Shibamoto
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Taku Sakai
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Akihito Hashimoto
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Yuki Kuramoto
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Tomokazu Sumida
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Seitaro Nomura
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Masamichi Ito
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Toshihiro Yamaguchi
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Toru Oka
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Hiroshi Akazawa
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Jong-Kook Lee
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Yasushi Sakata
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Ichiro Shiojima
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
| | - Issei Komuro
- From the Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.O., A.T.N., T.H., A.N., M.S., T.S., A.H., Y.K., T.O., Y.S.) and Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine (J.-K.L.), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., T.O., H.A., J.-K.L., I.S., I.K.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan (A.T.N., T.S., S.N., M.I., T.Y., H.A., I.K.); Department of
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31
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Edwards N, Farookhi R, Clarke HJ. Identification of a β-galactosidase transgene that provides a live-cell marker of transcriptional activity in growing oocytes and embryos. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:583-93. [PMID: 25882542 PMCID: PMC4487448 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying the events and molecular mechanisms that regulate oocyte growth has emerged as a key objective of research in human fertility, fuelled by evidence from human and animal studies indicating that disease and environmental factors can act on oocytes to affect the health of the resulting individual and by efforts to grow oocytes in vitro to enable fertility preservation of cancer survivors. Techniques that monitor the development of growing oocytes would be valuable tools to assess the progression of growth under different conditions. Most methods used to assess oocytes grown in vitro are indirect, however, relying on characteristics of the somatic compartment of the follicle, or compromise the oocyte, preventing its subsequent culture or fertilization. We investigated the utility of T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/Lef)-LacZ transgene expression as a predictor of global transcriptional activity in oocytes and early embryos. Using a fluorescent β-galactosidase substrate combined with live-cell imaging, we show that TCF/Lef-LacZ transgene expression is detectable in growing oocytes, lost in fully grown oocytes and resumes in late two-cell embryos. Transgene expression is likely regulated by a Wnt-independent mechanism. Using chromatin analysis, LacZ expression and methods to monitor and inhibit transcription, we show that TCF/Lef-LacZ expression mirrors transcriptional activity in oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Oocytes and preimplantation embryos that undergo live-cell imaging for TCF/Lef-LacZ expression are able to continue development in vitro. TCF/Lef-LacZ reporter expression in living oocytes and early embryos is thus a sensitive and faithful marker of transcriptional activity that can be used to monitor and optimize conditions for oocyte growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Edwards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Riaz Farookhi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hugh J Clarke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Ma J, Wang H, Liu R, Jin L, Tang Q, Wang X, Jiang A, Hu Y, Li Z, Zhu L, Li R, Li M, Li X. The miRNA Transcriptome Directly Reflects the Physiological and Biochemical Differences between Red, White, and Intermediate Muscle Fiber Types. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:9635-53. [PMID: 25938964 PMCID: PMC4463610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16059635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can regulate their target genes at the post-transcriptional level. Skeletal muscle comprises different fiber types that can be broadly classified as red, intermediate, and white. Recently, a set of miRNAs was found expressed in a fiber type-specific manner in red and white fiber types. However, an in-depth analysis of the miRNA transcriptome differences between all three fiber types has not been undertaken. Herein, we collected 15 porcine skeletal muscles from different anatomical locations, which were then clearly divided into red, white, and intermediate fiber type based on the ratios of myosin heavy chain isoforms. We further illustrated that three muscles, which typically represented each muscle fiber type (i.e., red: peroneal longus (PL), intermediate: psoas major muscle (PMM), white: longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM)), have distinct metabolic patterns of mitochondrial and glycolytic enzyme levels. Furthermore, we constructed small RNA libraries for PL, PMM, and LDM using a deep sequencing approach. Results showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly enriched in PL and played a vital role in myogenesis and energy metabolism. Overall, this comprehensive analysis will contribute to a better understanding of the miRNA regulatory mechanism that achieves the phenotypic diversity of skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jideng Ma
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Long Jin
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Qianzi Tang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Anan Jiang
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yaodong Hu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zongwen Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ruiqiang Li
- Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Mingzhou Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuewei Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, Sichuan, China.
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33
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Bhattacharyya S, Feferman L, Tobacman JK. Regulation of chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase (CHST11) expression by opposing effects of arylsulfatase B on BMP4 and Wnt9A. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1849:342-52. [PMID: 25511584 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this report, the gene regulatory mechanism by which decline in arylsulfatase B (ARSB; N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfatase) reduces CHST11 (chondroitin-4-sulfotransferase; C4ST) mRNA expression in human colonic epithelial cells and in colonic epithelium of ARSB-deficient mice is presented. ARSB controls the degradation of chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) by removing the 4-sulfate group at the non-reducing end of the C4S chain, but has not previously been shown to affect C4S biosynthesis. The decline in CHST11 expression following ARSB reduction is attributable to effects of ARSB on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)4, since BMP4 expression and secretion declined when ARSB was silenced. Inhibition of BMP4 by neutralizing antibody also reduced CHST11 expression. When C4S was more sulfated due to decline in ARSB, more BMP4 was sequestered by C4S in the cell membrane, and CHST11 expression declined. Exogenous recombinant BMP4, acting through a phospho-Smad3 binding site in the CHST11 promoter, increased the mRNA expression of CHST11. In contrast to the decline in BMP4 that followed decline in ARSB, Wnt9A mRNA expression was previously shown to increase when ARSB was silenced and C4S was more highly sulfated. Galectin-3 bound less to the more highly sulfated C4S, leading to increased nuclear translocation and enhanced galectin-3 interaction with Sp1 in the Wnt9A promoter. Silencing Wnt9A increased the expression of CHST11 in the colonic epithelial cells, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated enhancing effects of Wnt9A siRNA and exogenous BMP4 on the CHST11 promoter through the pSmad3 binding site. These findings suggest that cellular processes mediated by differential effects of Wnt9A and BMP4 can result from opposing effects on CHST11 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bhattacharyya
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Leo Feferman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Joanne K Tobacman
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Blagodatski A, Poteryaev D, Katanaev VL. Targeting the Wnt pathways for therapies. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:28. [PMID: 26056595 PMCID: PMC4452063 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is crucial in animal development from sponges to humans. Its activity in the adulthood is less general, with exceptions having huge medical importance. Namely, improper activation of this pathway is carcinogenic in many tissues, most notably in the colon, liver and the breast. On the other hand, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling must be re-activated in cases of tissue damage, and insufficient activation results in regeneration failure and degeneration. These both medically important implications are unified by the emerging importance of this signaling pathway in the control of proliferation of various types of stem cells, crucial for tissue regeneration and, in case of cancer stem cells – cancer progression and relapse. This article aims at briefly reviewing the current state of knowledge in the field of Wnt signaling, followed by a detailed discussion of current medical developments targeting distinct branches of the Wnt pathway for anti-cancer and pro-regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Blagodatski
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Blagodatski A, Poteryaev D, Katanaev VL. Targeting the Wnt pathways for therapies. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:28. [PMID: 26056595 PMCID: PMC4452063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is crucial in animal development from sponges to humans. Its activity in the adulthood is less general, with exceptions having huge medical importance. Namely, improper activation of this pathway is carcinogenic in many tissues, most notably in the colon, liver and the breast. On the other hand, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling must be re-activated in cases of tissue damage, and insufficient activation results in regeneration failure and degeneration. These both medically important implications are unified by the emerging importance of this signaling pathway in the control of proliferation of various types of stem cells, crucial for tissue regeneration and, in case of cancer stem cells - cancer progression and relapse. This article aims at briefly reviewing the current state of knowledge in the field of Wnt signaling, followed by a detailed discussion of current medical developments targeting distinct branches of the Wnt pathway for anti-cancer and pro-regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Blagodatski
- />Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- />Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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Murphy MM, Keefe AC, Lawson JA, Flygare SD, Yandell M, Kardon G. Transiently active Wnt/β-catenin signaling is not required but must be silenced for stem cell function during muscle regeneration. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:475-88. [PMID: 25241745 PMCID: PMC4266007 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult muscle’s exceptional capacity for regeneration is mediated by muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells. As with many stem cells, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been proposed to be critical in satellite cells during regeneration. Using new genetic reagents, we explicitly test in vivo whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling is necessary and sufficient within satellite cells and their derivatives for regeneration. We find that signaling is transiently active in transit-amplifying myoblasts, but is not required for regeneration or satellite cell self-renewal. Instead, downregulation of transiently activated β-catenin is important to limit the regenerative response, as continuous regeneration is deleterious. Wnt/β-catenin activation in adult satellite cells may simply be a vestige of their developmental lineage, in which β-catenin signaling is critical for fetal myogenesis. In the adult, surprisingly, we show that it is not activation but rather silencing of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that is important for muscle regeneration. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is transiently active in myoblasts during muscle regeneration β-catenin is not required in myogenic cells for muscle regeneration β-catenin signaling in myoblasts must be silenced to limit the regenerative response β-catenin requirement and sensitivity differs in fetal and adult muscle stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Malea M Murphy
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Alexandra C Keefe
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lawson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Steven D Flygare
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mark Yandell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Gabrielle Kardon
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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37
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Barik A, Zhang B, Sohal GS, Xiong WC, Mei L. Crosstalk between Agrin and Wnt signaling pathways in development of vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Dev Neurobiol 2014; 74:828-38. [PMID: 24838312 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a cholinergic synapse where motor neurons elicit muscle contraction. Agrin and its coreceptors LRP4 and MuSK are critical for vertebrate NMJ formation. This paper reviews recent evidence for Wnts and Wnt signaling molecules in NMJ formation including a possible retrograde mechanism by muscle β-catenin. We also present data that Wnt3a, 7a, 8a and 10b could inhibit agrin-mediated AChR clustering. Together with the stimulating effect of Wnt9a, 9b, 10b, 11 and 16 on AChR clustering in the absence of agrin, these results suggest diverse roles for Wnt ligands in NMJ development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Barik
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, 30912
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38
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Cho YD, Yoon WJ, Kim WJ, Woo KM, Baek JH, Lee G, Ku Y, van Wijnen AJ, Ryoo HM. Epigenetic modifications and canonical wingless/int-1 class (WNT) signaling enable trans-differentiation of nonosteogenic cells into osteoblasts. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:20120-8. [PMID: 24867947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.558064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells alter and retain their phenotype during skeletal development through activation or suppression of signaling pathways. For example, we have shown that Wnt3a only stimulates osteoblast differentiation in cells with intrinsic osteogenic potential (e.g. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts) and not in fat cell precursors or fibroblasts (3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes or NIH3T3 fibroblasts, respectively). Wnt3a promotes osteogenesis in part by stimulating autocrine production of the osteoinductive ligand Bmp2. Here, we show that the promoter regions of the genes for Bmp2 and the osteoblast marker Alp are epigenetically locked to prevent their expression in nonosteogenic cells. Both genes have conserved CpG islands that exhibit increased CpG methylation, as well as decreased acetylation and increased methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3-K9) specifically in nonosteogenic cells. Treatment of pre-adipocytes or fibroblasts with the CpG-demethylating agent 5'-aza-2'-deoxycytidine or the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin-A renders Bmp2 and Alp responsive to Wnt3a. Hence, drug-induced epigenetic activation of Bmp2 gene expression contributes to Wnt3a-mediated direct trans-differentiation of pre-adipocytes or fibroblasts into osteoblasts. We propose that direct conversion of nonosteogenic cells into osteoblastic cell types without inducing pluripotency may improve prospects for novel epigenetic therapies to treat skeletal afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Dan Cho
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics and Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea and
| | | | - Woo-Jin Kim
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics and
| | | | | | - Gene Lee
- From the Departments of Molecular Genetics and
| | - Young Ku
- Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea and
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- the Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and of Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55902
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Bentzinger CF, von Maltzahn J, Dumont NA, Stark DA, Wang YX, Nhan K, Frenette J, Cornelison DDW, Rudnicki MA. Wnt7a stimulates myogenic stem cell motility and engraftment resulting in improved muscle strength. J Cell Biol 2014; 205:97-111. [PMID: 24711502 PMCID: PMC3987134 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201310035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt7a/Fzd7 signaling stimulates skeletal muscle growth and repair by inducing the symmetric expansion of satellite stem cells through the planar cell polarity pathway and by activating the Akt/mTOR growth pathway in muscle fibers. Here we describe a third level of activity where Wnt7a/Fzd7 increases the polarity and directional migration of mouse satellite cells and human myogenic progenitors through activation of Dvl2 and the small GTPase Rac1. Importantly, these effects can be exploited to potentiate the outcome of myogenic cell transplantation into dystrophic muscles. We observed that a short Wnt7a treatment markedly stimulated tissue dispersal and engraftment, leading to significantly improved muscle function. Moreover, myofibers at distal sites that fused with Wnt7a-treated cells were hypertrophic, suggesting that the transplanted cells deliver activated Wnt7a/Fzd7 signaling complexes to recipient myofibers. Taken together, we describe a viable and effective ex vivo cell modulation process that profoundly enhances the efficacy of stem cell therapy for skeletal muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Fusion
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement
- Cell Polarity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dishevelled Proteins
- Endocytosis
- Frizzled Receptors/metabolism
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertrophy
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle Strength
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/surgery
- Muscular Dystrophies/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophies/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophies/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophies/physiopathology
- Muscular Dystrophies/surgery
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/pathology
- Myoblasts, Skeletal/transplantation
- Neuropeptides/metabolism
- PAX7 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Wnt Proteins/genetics
- Wnt Proteins/metabolism
- rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Red Fluorescent Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Florian Bentzinger
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julia von Maltzahn
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nicolas A. Dumont
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Danny A. Stark
- Division of Biological Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Yu Xin Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kevin Nhan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - DDW Cornelison
- Division of Biological Sciences and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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40
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Barthold JS, Wang Y, Robbins A, Pike J, McDowell E, Johnson KJ, McCahan SM. Transcriptome analysis of the dihydrotestosterone-exposed fetal rat gubernaculum identifies common androgen and insulin-like 3 targets. Biol Reprod 2013; 89:143. [PMID: 24174575 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens and insulin-like 3 (INSL3) are required for development of the fetal gubernaculum and testicular descent. Previous studies suggested that the INSL3-exposed fetal gubernacular transcriptome is enriched for genes involved in neural pathways. In the present study, we profiled the transcriptome of fetal gubernaculum explants exposed to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and compared this response to that with INSL3. We exposed fetal (Embryonic Day 17) rat gubernacula to DHT for 24 h (10 and 30 nM) or 6 h (1 and 10 nM) in organ culture and analyzed gene expression relative to that of vehicle-treated controls using Affymetrix arrays. Results were annotated using functional, pathway, and promoter analyses and independently validated for selected transcripts using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Transcripts were differentially expressed after 24 h but not 6 h. Most highly overrepresented functional categories included those related to gene expression, skeletal and muscular development and function, and Wnt signaling. Promoter response elements enriched in the DHT-specific transcriptome included consensus sequences for c-ETS1, ELK1, CREB, CRE-BP1/c-June, NRF2, and USF. We observed that 55% of DHT probe sets were also differentially expressed after INSL3 exposure and that the direction of change was the same in 96%. The qRT-PCR results confirmed that DHT increased expression of the INSL3-responsive genes Crlf1 and Chrdl2 but reduced expression of Wnt4. We also validated reduced Tgfb2 and Cxcl12 and increased Slit3 expression following DHT exposure. These data suggest a robust overlap in the DHT- and INSL3-regulated transcriptome that may be mediated in part by CREB signaling and a common Wnt pathway response for both hormones in the fetal gubernaculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Barthold
- Nemours Biomedical Research/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
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