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Lewis MT, Levitsky Y, Bazil JN, Wiseman RW. Measuring Mitochondrial Function: From Organelle to Organism. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:141-172. [PMID: 35771441 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial energy production is crucial for normal daily activities and maintenance of life. Herein, the logic and execution of two main classes of measurements are outlined to delineate mitochondrial function: ATP production and oxygen consumption. Aerobic ATP production is quantified by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31PMRS) in vivo in both human subjects and animal models using the same protocols and maintaining the same primary assumptions. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption is quantified by oxygen polarography and applied in isolated mitochondria, cultured cells, and permeabilized fibers derived from human or animal tissue biopsies. Traditionally, mitochondrial functional measures focus on maximal oxidative capacity-a flux rate that is rarely, if ever, observed outside of experimental conditions. Perhaps more physiologically relevant, both measurement classes herein focus on one principal design paradigm; submaximal mitochondrial fluxes generated by graded levels of ADP to map the function for ADP sensitivity. We propose this function defines the bioenergetic role that mitochondria fill within the myoplasm to sense and match ATP demands. Any deficit in this vital role for ATP homeostasis leads to symptoms often seen in cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary diseases, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Lewis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yan Levitsky
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert W Wiseman
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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2
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Mota-Martorell N, Jové M, Borrás C, Berdún R, Obis È, Sol J, Cabré R, Pradas I, Galo-Licona JD, Puig J, Viña J, Pamplona R. Methionine transsulfuration pathway is upregulated in long-lived humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:38-52. [PMID: 33271279 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Available evidences point to methionine metabolism as a key target to study the molecular adaptive mechanisms underlying differences in longevity. The plasma methionine metabolic profile was determined using a LC-MS/MS platform to systematically define specific phenotypic patterns associated with genotypes of human extreme longevity (centenarians). Our findings demonstrate the presence of a specific plasma profile associated with human longevity characterized by an enhanced transsulfuration pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, as well as a reduced content of specific amino acids. Furthermore, our work reveals that centenarians maintain a strongly correlated methionine metabolism, suggesting an improved network integrity, homeostasis and more tightly regulated metabolism. We have discovered a particular methionine signature related to the condition of extreme longevity, allowing the identification of potential mechanisms and biomarkers of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Berdún
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Èlia Obis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Sol
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain; Institut Català de la Salut, Atenció Primària, Lleida, Spain; Research Support Unit Lleida, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Lleida, Spain.
| | - Rosanna Cabré
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Irene Pradas
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José Daniel Galo-Licona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Radiology (Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, IDI), University Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - José Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
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3
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Martínez-Cué C, Rueda N. Signalling Pathways Implicated in Alzheimer's Disease Neurodegeneration in Individuals with and without Down Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6906. [PMID: 32962300 PMCID: PMC7555886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), the most common cause of intellectual disability of genetic origin, is characterized by alterations in central nervous system morphology and function that appear from early prenatal stages. However, by the fourth decade of life, all individuals with DS develop neuropathology identical to that found in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the development of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles due to hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, loss of neurons and synapses, reduced neurogenesis, enhanced oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. It has been proposed that DS could be a useful model for studying the etiopathology of AD and to search for therapeutic targets. There is increasing evidence that the neuropathological events associated with AD are interrelated and that many of them not only are implicated in the onset of this pathology but are also a consequence of other alterations. Thus, a feedback mechanism exists between them. In this review, we summarize the signalling pathways implicated in each of the main neuropathological aspects of AD in individuals with and without DS as well as the interrelation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;
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4
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Martínez-Cué C, Rueda N. Cellular Senescence in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:16. [PMID: 32116562 PMCID: PMC7026683 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process characterized by a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that can contribute to the decline of the regenerative potential and function of tissues. The increased presence of senescent cells in different neurodegenerative diseases suggests the contribution of senescence in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Although several factors can induce senescence, DNA damage, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and altered proteostasis have been shown to play a role in its onset. Oxidative stress contributes to accelerated aging and cognitive dysfunction stages affecting neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, connectivity, and survival. During later life stages, it is implicated in the progression of cognitive decline, synapse loss, and neuronal degeneration. Also, neuroinflammation exacerbates oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death through the harmful effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on cell proliferation and maturation. Both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation can induce DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair that, in turn, can exacerbate them. Another important feature associated with senescence is altered proteostasis. Because of the disruption in the function and balance of the proteome, senescence can modify the proper synthesis, folding, quality control, and degradation rate of proteins producing, in some diseases, misfolded proteins or aggregation of abnormal proteins. There is an extensive body of literature that associates cellular senescence with several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Down syndrome (DS), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This review summarizes the evidence of the shared neuropathological events in these neurodegenerative diseases and the implication of cellular senescence in their onset or aggravation. Understanding the role that cellular senescence plays in them could help to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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5
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Detaille D, Pasdois P, Sémont A, Dos Santos P, Diolez P. An old medicine as a new drug to prevent mitochondrial complex I from producing oxygen radicals. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216385. [PMID: 31048932 PMCID: PMC6497312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Findings Here, we demonstrate that OP2113 (5-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione, CAS 532-11-6), synthesized and used as a drug since 1696, does not act as an unspecific antioxidant molecule (i.e., as a radical scavenger) but unexpectedly decreases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS/H2O2) production by acting as a specific inhibitor of ROS production at the IQ site of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Studies performed on isolated rat heart mitochondria also showed that OP2113 does not affect oxidative phosphorylation driven by complex I or complex II substrates. We assessed the effect of OP2113 on an infarct model of ex vivo rat heart in which mitochondrial ROS production is highly involved and showed that OP2113 protects heart tissue as well as the recovery of heart contractile activity. Conclusion / Significance This work represents the first demonstration of a drug authorized for use in humans that can prevent mitochondria from producing ROS/H2O2. OP2113 therefore appears to be a member of the new class of mitochondrial ROS blockers (S1QELs) and could protect mitochondrial function in numerous diseases in which ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction occurs. These applications include but are not limited to aging, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer's diseases, cardiac atrial fibrillation, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Detaille
- IHU Liryc, L’institut de rythmologie et modélisation cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Pasdois
- IHU Liryc, L’institut de rythmologie et modélisation cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Audrey Sémont
- IHU Liryc, L’institut de rythmologie et modélisation cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Dos Santos
- IHU Liryc, L’institut de rythmologie et modélisation cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Bordeaux (CHU), Pôle Cardio-thoracique, Pessac, France
| | - Philippe Diolez
- IHU Liryc, L’institut de rythmologie et modélisation cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail:
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6
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Fang W, Liu S. New 99mTc Radiotracers for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging by SPECT. Curr Radiopharm 2019; 12:171-186. [PMID: 30727939 DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666190206102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) with radiotracers is an integral component in evaluation of the patients with known or suspected coronary artery diseases (CAD). 99mTc-Sestamibi and 99mTc-Tetrofosmin are commercial radiopharmaceuticals for MPI by single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT). Despite their widespread clinical applications, they do not meet the requirements of an ideal perfusion imaging agent due to their inability to linearly track the regional myocardial blood flow rate at >2.5 mL/min/g. With tremendous development of CZT-based SPECT cameras over the past several years, the nuclear cardiology community has been calling for better perfusion radiotracers with improved extraction and biodistribution properties. METHODS This review will summarize recent research efforts on new cationic and neutral 99mTc radiotracers for SPECT MPI. The goal of these efforts is to develop a 99mTc radiotracer that can be used to detect perfusion defects at rest or under stress, determine the regional myocardial blood flow, and measure the perfusion and left ventricular function. RESULTS The advantage of cationic radiotracers (e.g. 99mTc-Sestamibi) is their long myocardial retention because of the positive molecular charge and fast liver clearance kinetics. 99mTc-Teboroxime derivatives have a high initial heart uptake (high first-pass extraction fraction) due to their neutrality. 99mTc- 3SPboroxime is the most promising radiotracer for future clinical translation considering its initial heart uptake, myocardial retention time, liver clearance kinetics, heart/liver ratios and SPECT image quality. CONCLUSION 99mTc-3SPboroximine is an excellent example of perfusion radiotracers, the heart uptake of which is largely relies on the regional blood flow. It is possible to use 99mTc-3SPboroximine for detection of perfusion defect(s), accurate quantification and determination of regional blood flow rate. Development of such a 99mTc radiotracer is of great clinical benefit for accurate diagnosis of CAD and assessing the risk of future hard events (e.g. heart attack and sudden death) in cardiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fuwai Hospital, the National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.167 North Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Beijing, IN 47907, United States
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7
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Zhu Z, Han X, Wang Y, Liu W, Lu Y, Xu C, Wang X, Hao L, Song Y, Huang S, Rizak JD, Li Y, Han C. Identification of Specific Nuclear Genetic Loci and Genes That Interact With the Mitochondrial Genome and Contribute to Fecundity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Genet 2019; 10:28. [PMID: 30778368 PMCID: PMC6369210 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that fecundity is a multigenic trait regulated, in part, by mitochondrial-nuclear (mit-n) genetic interactions. However, the identification of specific nuclear genetic loci or genes interacting with the mitochondrial genome and contributing to the quantitative trait fecundity is an unsolved issue. Here, a panel of recombinant inbred advanced intercrossed lines (RIAILs), established from a cross between the N2 and CB4856 strains of C. elegans, were used to characterize the underlying genetic basis of mit-n genetic interactions related to fecundity. Sixty-seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by association mapping to be linked with fecundity among 115 SNPs linked to mitotype. This indicated significant epistatic effects between nuclear and mitochondria genetics on fecundity. In addition, two specific nuclear genetic loci interacting with the mitochondrial genome and contributing to fecundity were identified. A significant reduction in fecundity was observed in the RIAILs that carried CB4856 mitochondria and a N2 genotype at locus 1 or a CB4856 genotype at locus 2 relative to the wild-type strains. Then, a hybrid strain (CNC10) was established, which was bred as homoplasmic for the CB4856 mtDNA genome and N2 genotype at locus 1 in the CB4856 nuclear background. The mean fecundity of CNC10 was half the fecundity of the control strain. Several functional characteristics of the mitochondria in CNC10 were also influenced by mit-n interactions. Overall, experimental evidence was presented that specific nuclear genetic loci or genes have interactions with the mitochondrial genome and are associated with fecundity. In total, 18 genes were identified using integrative approaches to have interactions with the mitochondrial genome and to contribute to fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobin Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Han
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuechen Wang
- Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Medical Technology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xitao Wang
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin Hao
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuanjian Song
- Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shi Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Ying Li
- Medical Technology College, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Conghui Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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8
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Panel M, Ghaleh B, Morin D. Mitochondria and aging: A role for the mitochondrial transition pore? Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12793. [PMID: 29888494 PMCID: PMC6052406 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms responsible for aging are poorly understood. Aging is considered as a degenerative process induced by the accumulation of cellular lesions leading progressively to organ dysfunction and death. The free radical theory of aging has long been considered the most relevant to explain the mechanisms of aging. As the mitochondrion is an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), this organelle is regarded as a key intracellular player in this process and a large amount of data supports the role of mitochondrial ROS production during aging. Thus, mitochondrial ROS, oxidative damage, aging, and aging-dependent diseases are strongly connected. However, other features of mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction have been recently implicated in the development of the aging process. Here, we examine the potential role of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in normal aging and in aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Panel
- INSERM U955, équipe 3; Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC; Créteil France
| | - Bijan Ghaleh
- INSERM U955, équipe 3; Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC; Créteil France
| | - Didier Morin
- INSERM U955, équipe 3; Créteil France
- Université Paris-Est, UMR_S955, DHU A-TVB, UPEC; Créteil France
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9
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Kang HT, Park JT, Choi K, Kim Y, Choi HJC, Jung CW, Lee YS, Park SC. Chemical screening identifies ATM as a target for alleviating senescence. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:616-623. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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He YH, Chen XQ, Yan DJ, Xiao FH, Lin R, Liao XP, Liu YW, Pu SY, Yu Q, Sun HP, Jiang JJ, Cai WW, Kong QP. Familial longevity study reveals a significant association of mitochondrial DNA copy number between centenarians and their offspring. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 47:218.e11-218.e18. [PMID: 27600867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reduced mitochondrial function is an important cause of aging and age-related diseases. We previously revealed a relatively higher level of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content in centenarians. However, it is still unknown whether such an mtDNA content pattern of centenarians could be passed on to their offspring and how it was regulated. To address these issues, we recruited 60 longevity families consisting of 206 family members (cohort 1) and explored their mtDNA copy number. The results showed that the first generation of the offspring (F1 offspring) had a higher level of mtDNA copy number than their spouses (p < 0.05) independent of a gender effect. In addition, we found a positive association of mtDNA copy number in centenarians with that in F1 offspring (r = 0.54, p = 0.0008) but not with that in F1 spouses. These results were replicated in another independent cohort consisting of 153 subjects (cohort 2). RNA sequencing analysis suggests that the single-stranded DNA-binding protein 4 was significantly associated with mtDNA copy number and was highly expressed in centenarians as well as F1 offspring versus the F1 spouses, thus likely regulates the mtDNA copy number in the long-lived family members. In conclusion, our results suggest that the pattern of high mtDNA copy number is likely inheritable, which may act as a favorable factor to familial longevity through assuring adequate energy supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Han He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Dong-Jing Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Fu-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yao-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Yan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Peng Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian-Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wang-Wei Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China.
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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11
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Zhu Z, Lu Q, Zeng F, Wang J, Huang S. Compatibility between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes correlates with the quantitative trait of lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17303. [PMID: 26601686 PMCID: PMC4658563 DOI: 10.1038/srep17303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial genome have epistatic effects on organisms depending on
the nuclear background, but a role for the compatibility of mitochondrial-nuclear
genomes (mit-n) in the quantitative nature of a complex trait remains unexplored. We
studied a panel of recombinant inbred advanced intercrossed lines (RIAILs) of C.
elegans that were established from a cross between the N2 and HW strains. We
determined the HW nuclear genome content and the mitochondrial type (HW or N2) of
each RIAIL strain. We found that the degree of mit-n compatibility was correlated
with the lifespans but not the foraging behaviors of RIAILs. Several known
aging-associated QTLs individually showed no relationship with mitotypes but
collectively a weak trend consistent with a role in mit-n compatibility. By
association mapping, we identified 293 SNPs that showed linkage with lifespan and a
relationship with mitotypes consistent with a role in mit-n compatibility. We
further found an association between mit-n compatibility and several functional
characteristics of mitochondria as well as the expressions of genes involved in the
respiratory oxidation pathway. The results provide the first evidence implicating
mit-n compatibility in the quantitative nature of a complex trait, and may be
informative to certain evolutionary puzzles on hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Shi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
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12
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Gruber J, Chen CB, Fong S, Ng LF, Teo E, Halliwell B. Caenorhabditis elegans: What We Can and Cannot Learn from Aging Worms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:256-79. [PMID: 25544992 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a widely used model organism for research into aging. However, nematodes diverged from other animals between 600 and 1300 million years ago. Beyond the intuitive impression that some aspects of aging appear to be universal, is there evidence that insights into the aging process of nematodes may be applicable to humans? RECENT ADVANCES There have been a number of results in nematodes that appear to contradict long-held beliefs about mechanisms and causes of aging. For example, ablation of several key antioxidant systems has often failed to result in lifespan shortening in C. elegans. CRITICAL ISSUES While it is clear that some central signaling pathways controlling lifespan are broadly conserved across large evolutionary distances, it is less clear to what extent downstream molecular mechanisms of aging are conserved. In this review we discuss the biology of C. elegans and mammals in the context of aging and age-dependent diseases. We consider evidence from studies that attempt to investigate basic, possibly conserved mechanisms of aging especially in the context of the free radical theory of aging. Practical points, such as the need for blinding of lifespan studies and for appropriate biomarkers, are also considered. FUTURE DIRECTIONS As data on the aging process(es) in different organisms increase, it is becoming increasingly clear that there are both conserved (public) and private aspects to aging. It is important to explore the dividing lines between these two aspects and to be aware of the large gray areas in-between.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gruber
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,2 Yale-NUS College , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ce-Belle Chen
- 3 Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheng Fong
- 4 Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Fang Ng
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emelyne Teo
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry Halliwell
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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Victorino VJ, Mencalha AL, Panis C. Post-translational modifications disclose a dual role for redox stress in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Life Sci 2015; 129:42-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mailloux RJ, Willmore WG. S-glutathionylation reactions in mitochondrial function and disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:68. [PMID: 25453035 PMCID: PMC4233936 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly efficient energy-transforming organelles that convert energy stored in nutrients into ATP. The production of ATP by mitochondria is dependent on oxidation of nutrients and coupling of exergonic electron transfer reactions to the genesis of transmembrane electrochemical potential of protons. Electrons can also prematurely “spin-off” from prosthetic groups in Krebs cycle enzymes and respiratory complexes and univalently reduce di-oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), important signaling molecules that can be toxic at high concentrations. Production of ATP and ROS are intimately linked by the respiratory chain and the genesis of one or the other inherently depends on the metabolic state of mitochondria. Various control mechanisms converge on mitochondria to adjust ATP and ROS output in response to changing cellular demands. One control mechanism that has gained a high amount of attention recently is S-glutathionylation, a redox sensitive covalent modification that involves formation of a disulfide bridge between glutathione and an available protein cysteine thiol. A number of S-glutathionylation targets have been identified in mitochondria. It has also been established that S-glutathionylation reactions in mitochondria are mediated by the thiol oxidoreductase glutaredoxin-2 (Grx2). In the following review, emerging knowledge on S-glutathionylation reactions and its importance in modulating mitochondrial ATP and ROS production will be discussed. Major focus will be placed on Complex I of the respiratory chain since (1) it is a target for reversible S-glutathionylation by Grx2 and (2) deregulation of Complex I S-glutathionylation is associated with development of various disease states particularly heart disease. Other mitochondrial enzymes and how their S-glutathionylation profile is affected in different disease states will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
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