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Fernández-Tabanera E, Melero-Fernández de Mera RM, Alonso J. CD44 In Sarcomas: A Comprehensive Review and Future Perspectives. Front Oncol 2022; 12:909450. [PMID: 35785191 PMCID: PMC9247467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.909450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the tumor microenvironment, particularly the extracellular matrix, plays an essential role in the development of tumors through the interaction with specific protein-membrane receptors. One of the most relevant proteins in this context is the transmembrane protein CD44. The role of CD44 in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis has been well established in many cancers, although a comprehensive review concerning its role in sarcomas has not been published. CD44 is overexpressed in most sarcomas and several in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown a direct effect on tumor progression, dissemination, and drug resistance. Moreover, CD44 has been revealed as a useful marker for prognostic and diagnostic (CD44v6 isoform) in osteosarcoma. Besides, some innovative treatments such as HA-functionalized liposomes therapy have become an excellent CD44-mediated intracellular delivery system for osteosarcoma. Unfortunately, the reduced number of studies deciphering the prognostic/diagnostic value of CD44 in other sarcoma subgroups, neither than osteosarcoma, in addition to the low number of patients involved in those studies, have produced inconclusive results. In this review, we have gone through the information available on the role of CD44 in the development, maintenance, and progression of sarcomas, analyzing their implications at the prognostic, therapeutic, and mechanistic levels. Moreover, we illustrate how research involving the specific role of CD44 in the different sarcoma subgroups could suppose a chance to advance towards a more innovative perspective for novel therapies and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Fernández-Tabanera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Melero-Fernández de Mera
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Unidad de Tumores Sólidos Infantiles, Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Raras (IIER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (U758; CB06/07/1009; CIBERER-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Javier Alonso,
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2
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Liu H, Zhang X, Zhang S, Yu S. Analysis of prognostic factors in 171 patients with myxofibrosarcoma of the trunk and extremities: a cohort study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1322. [PMID: 34532459 PMCID: PMC8422150 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) of the trunk and extremities has unique clinical features. However, it is not clear which indicators are the influencing factors of recurrence, metastasis, and survival of trunk and limb MFS. The aim of the present study was to analyze clinical features and prognosis of trunk and limb MFS. Methods The data of 171 patients with MFS of the trunk and extremities and a median follow-up period of 67 months from January 1999 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Risk factors for survival, recurrence and metastasis following resection of MFS of trunk and extremities were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method (log-rank test) was used for the univariate analysis and a Cox regression model was used for the multivariate analysis. Results The median age of the patients was 53 years; there were 111 males and 60 females. A total of 132 cases had French Federation of Cancer Centers grade 1, 24 cases had grade 2, and 15 cases had grade 3 MFS. The 3-year recurrence, 3-year metastasis, and 5-year survival rates were 29.2%, 19.3%, and 93.6%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the surgical margin (χ2=22.228, P<0.001) and tumor size (χ2=6.697, P=0.010) were associated with recurrence. The surgical margin (χ2=12.353, P<0.001) and CD44 expression (χ2=5.227, P=0.022) were associated with metastasis. The multivariate analysis showed that the surgical margin [hazard ratio (HR) =3.635, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.883-7.016, P<0.001] and tumor size (HR =1.889, 95% CI: 1.039-3.435, P=0.037) were risk factors for local recurrence. In addition, the surgical margin (HR =4.475, 95% CI: 1.918-10.438, P=0.001) and presence of CD44 (HR =3.406, 95% CI: 1.462-8.405, P=0.005) were risk factors for distant metastasis. Conclusions A negative surgical margin can be reduced effectively the rate of recurrence and metastasis in patients with MFS of the trunk and limbs. In addition, CD44 may be used to assess the metastatic risk of patients with MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanmei Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguang Zhang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengji Yu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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3
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Sambri A, De Paolis M, Spinnato P, Donati DM, Bianchi G. The Biology of Myxofibrosarcoma: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Oncol Res Treat 2020; 43:314-322. [PMID: 32450554 DOI: 10.1159/000507334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is among the most highly complex sarcoma types. Molecular cytogenetic studies have identified a high level of genomic complexity. SUMMARY This review provides an update of the current research related to MFS, with particular emphasis on emerging mechanisms of tumorigenesis and their potential therapeutic impact. Many novel possible molecular markers have been identified, not only for prognostication in MFS, but also to serve as possible therapeutic targets, and thereby improve clinical outcomes. However, the molecular pathogenesis of MFS remains incompletely understood. Key Messages: Patients suffering from advanced MFS might benefit from expanded molecular evaluation in order to detect specific expression profiles and identify drug-able targets. Moreover, immunotherapy represents an intriguingly perspective due to the presence of "T-cell inflamed" tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sambri
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy, .,University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,
| | | | | | - Davide Maria Donati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.,University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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4
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Tsuchie H, Emori M, Miyakoshi N, Nagasawa H, Okada K, Nanjyo H, Murahashi Y, Mizushima E, Shimizu J, Yamashita T, Shimada Y. Prognostic Impact of CD44 Expression in Patients With Myxofibrosarcoma. In Vivo 2020; 33:2095-2102. [PMID: 31662543 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Abnormal expression of CD44 may promote cancer invasion. However, a limited number of studies have investigated the expression of CD44 in soft tissue sarcoma such as myxofibrosarcoma. We evaluated the relationship between expression of the standard form of CD44 (CD44s) and the clinical course of myxofibrosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-four myxofibrosarcoma patients were retrospectively enrolled. Patient information including the proportion of CD44s-positive cells was collected, and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between CD44s expression and clinicopathological factors. RESULTS Although CD44s did not affect prognosis, multivariate analysis indicated that high expression of CD44s predicted poor event-free survival (p=0.004) and local recurrence (p=0.049). CD44s expression was not associated with the occurrence of distant metastasis but was significantly higher in those with lung metastasis (p=0.044). CONCLUSION Increased expression of CD44s predicted poor event-free survival and local recurrence and was observed in myxofibrosarcoma patients with lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tsuchie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Makoto Emori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagasawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Kyoji Okada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjyo
- Department of Pathology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Murahashi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Emi Mizushima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junya Shimizu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yamashita
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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5
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Qiao GL, Song LN, Deng ZF, Chen Y, Ma LJ. Prognostic value of CD44v6 expression in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:5451-5457. [PMID: 30233206 PMCID: PMC6129017 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s156101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The prognostic value and clinical significance of CD44 variant isoform v6 (CD44v6) in breast cancer remains controversial. Our study aimed to generalize the correlation between CD44v6 expression and clinicopathological features and prognosis in breast cancer by using a meta-analysis. Methods We performed a comprehensive search of relevant literature from PubMed, Cochrane Database, and EMBASE database that were published before January 2018. The pooled ORs and HRs with 95% CIs were used to estimate the effects. Results Thirteen articles comprising 1,458 patients were included for analysis. The results revealed that CD44v6 expression was associated with histological grade (overall: OR=1.56, 95% CI [1.06, 2.29], P=0.023; Asian: OR=1.78, 95% CI [1.12, 2.85], P=0.016) and lymph node metastasis (overall: OR=1.96, 95% CI [1.01, 3.78], P=0.046; Asian: OR=2.11, 95% CI [1.00, 4.44], P=0.049). CD44v6 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer (overall survival: overall: HR=1.55, 95% CI [1.09, 2.22], P=0.015; Asian: HR=2.22, 95% CI [1.34, 3.68], P=0.002). Conclusion Our meta-analysis demonstrates that CD44v6 is significantly associated with poor prognosis, histological grade, and lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients, especially among Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lei Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Li-Na Song
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Zhou-Feng Deng
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,
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6
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Rios de la Rosa JM, Tirella A, Tirelli N. Receptor-Targeted Drug Delivery and the (Many) Problems We Know of: The Case of CD44 and Hyaluronic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio M. Rios de la Rosa
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD); School of Health Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Annalisa Tirella
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD); School of Health Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
| | - Nicola Tirelli
- NorthWest Centre for Advanced Drug Delivery (NoWCADD); School of Health Sciences; University of Manchester; Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PT UK
- Laboratory of Polymers and Biomaterials; Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Genova 16163 Italy
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7
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Tan Z, Nie S, McDermott SP, Wicha MS, Lubman DM. Single Amino Acid Variant Profiles of Subpopulations in the MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:842-851. [PMID: 28076950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancers are initiated and developed from a small population of stem-like cells termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). There is heterogeneity among this CSC population that leads to multiple subpopulations with their own distinct biological features and protein expression. The protein expression and function may be impacted by amino acid variants that can occur largely due to single nucleotide changes. We have thus performed proteomic analysis of breast CSC subpopulations by mass spectrometry to study the presence of single amino acid variants (SAAVs) and their relation to breast cancer. We have used CSC markers to isolate pure breast CSC subpopulation fractions (ALDH+ and CD44+/CD24- cell populations) and the mature luminal cells (CD49f-EpCAM+) from the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. By searching the Swiss-CanSAAVs database, 374 unique SAAVs were identified in total, where 27 are cancer-related SAAVs. 135 unique SAAVs were found in the CSC population compared with the mature luminal cells. The distribution of SAAVs detected in MCF-7 cells was compared with those predicted from the Swiss-CanSAAVs database, where we found distinct differences in the numbers of SAAVs detected relative to that expected from the Swiss-CanSAAVs database for several of the amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Song Nie
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Sean P McDermott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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8
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Zhang Y, Ding C, Wang J, Sun G, Cao Y, Xu L, Zhou L, Chen X. Prognostic significance of CD44V6 expression in osteosarcoma: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res 2015; 10:187. [PMID: 26697855 PMCID: PMC4690422 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-015-0328-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous individual studies evaluating the relationship between CD44V6 over-expression and prognostic impact in patients with osteosarcoma (OS) have yielded in conclusive results. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the value of cell adhesion molecule CD44V6 in prognosis of OS by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed (medline), Embase, ISI Web of Knowledge, Springer, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, BioMed Central, ScienceDirect, Wanfang, Weipu, and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) databases from inception through May 26, 2015. All available articles written in English or Chinese that investigated the expression of CD44V6 and the prognosis of OS were included. The quantity of the studies was evaluated according to the critical review checklist of the Dutch Cochrane Centre proposed by MOOSE. Finally, a total of eight studies with 486 OS patients were involved and the results indicated that the positive expression of CD44V6 predicts neoplasm metastasis (RR = 1.76, 95 % CI 1.38-2.25, p < 0.00001), and poor survival in OS with the pooled HR of 1.53 (95 % CI 1.25-1.88, p < 0.0001). No significant heterogeneity was observed among all studies. In conclusion, the present meta-analysis and systematic review strongly suggest that CD44V6 over-expression is associated with overall survival rate and metastasis in OS, and may be used as a prognostic biomarker to guide the clinical therapy for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Chunming Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Guirong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yongxian Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Longqiang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lan Zhou
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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9
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Midgley AC, Duggal L, Jenkins R, Hascall V, Steadman R, Phillips AO, Meran S. Hyaluronan regulates bone morphogenetic protein-7-dependent prevention and reversal of myofibroblast phenotype. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11218-34. [PMID: 25716319 PMCID: PMC4416830 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.625939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) promotes transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-driven myofibroblast phenotype. However, HA can also have disease-limiting activity. Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) is an antifibrotic cytokine that antagonizes TGF-β1, and isolated studies have demonstrated that HA can both mediate and modulate BMP7 responses. In this study, we investigated whether BMP7 can modulate HA in a manner that leads to prevention/reversal of TGF-β1-driven myofibroblast differentiation in human lung fibroblasts. Results demonstrated that BMP7 prevented and reversed TGF-β1-driven myofibroblast differentiation through a novel mechanism. BMP7 promoted the dissolution and internalization of cell-surface HA into cytoplasmic endosomes. Endosomal HA co-localized with the HA-degrading enzymes, hyaluronidase-1 and hyaluronidase-2 (Hyal2). Moreover, BMP7 showed differential regulation of CD44 standard and variant isoform expression, when compared with TGF-β1. In particular, BMP7 increased membrane expression of CD44v7/8. Inhibiting CD44v7/8 as well as blocking Hyal2 and the Na+/H+ exchanger-1 at the cell-surface prevented BMP7-driven HA internalization and BMP7-mediated prevention/reversal of myofibroblast phenotype. In summary, a novel mechanism of TGF-β1 antagonism by BMP7 is shown and identifies alteration in HA as critical in mediating BMP7 responses. In addition, we identify Hyal2 and CD44v7/8 as new potential targets for manipulation in prevention and reversal of fibrotic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Midgley
- From the Institute of Nephrology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom and
| | - Lucy Duggal
- From the Institute of Nephrology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom and
| | - Robert Jenkins
- From the Institute of Nephrology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom and
| | - Vincent Hascall
- the Lerner Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Robert Steadman
- From the Institute of Nephrology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom and
| | - Aled O Phillips
- From the Institute of Nephrology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom and
| | - Soma Meran
- From the Institute of Nephrology, Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, United Kingdom and
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10
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Yu G, Yao W, Xiao W, Li H, Xu H, Lang B. MicroRNA-34a functions as an anti-metastatic microRNA and suppresses angiogenesis in bladder cancer by directly targeting CD44. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2014; 33:779. [PMID: 25551284 PMCID: PMC4311467 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-014-0115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis have considered as an important clinical obstacle in the treatment of human cancer including bladder cancer. Post-transcriptional regulation has emerged as robust effectors of metastasis. MiRNAs are involved in cancer development and progression, acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. In this study, we focus on it that microRNA-34a functions as an anti-metastatic microRNA and suppress angiogenesis in bladder cancer by directly targeting CD44. METHODS The expression of mir-34a was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Oligonucleotide and lentivirus were used to overexpress miR-34a. Tube formation assay and transwell assay were used to examine the effect on bladder cancer tube formation, migration and invasion in vitro. Animal models were used to examine the effect on metastasis and angiogenesis in vivo. Luciferase assay was carried out to verify the precise target of miR-34a. RESULTS We not only proved that mir-34a was significantly downregulated in bladder cancer tissues and cell lines but also that circulating miR-34a levels are reduced in bladder cancer, and their levels were positively relevance. Gain-of-function experiments investigated that increased mir-34a expression suppressed tube formation and reduced cell migration and invasion. In vivo metastasis, assays also demonstrated that overexpression of mir34a markedly inhibited bladder cancer metastasis. CD31, an endothelial cell-specific marker which stained in T24 tumors to evaluate for blood vessel density, the immunohistochemistry results showed that blood vessel quantification reduced dramatically in the T24 tumors over-expressing mir-34a. Combining with our previous studies and bioinformatics analysis, we expected that CD44 gene was a direct target of mir-34a, siRNA-mediated knockdown of CD44 partially phenocopied mir-34a overexpression suggesting that the pro-apoptotic role of mir-34a may be mediated primarily through CD44 regulation, whereas restoring the expression of CD44 attenuated the function of mir-34a in bladder cancer cells. Additionally, we identified that EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) related proteins could be regulated by mir-34a which indicated that mir-34a could partially reserve EMT. CONCLUSION Our study defines a major metastasis and angiogenesis suppressive role for mir-34a, a microRNA functions as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer by directly targeting CD44, which would be helpful as a therapeutic approach to block bladder cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Yu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Weimin Yao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Bin Lang
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, China.
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11
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Qin J, Yang B, Xu BQ, Smithc A, Xu L, Yuan JL, Li L. Concurrent CD44s and STAT3 expression in human clear cell renal cellular carcinoma and its impact on survival. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:3235-3244. [PMID: 25031744 PMCID: PMC4097256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although CD44 was overexpressed and considered as a useful prognostic marker in renal cell carcinoma, the prognostic role of CD44s in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains controversial. Moreover, the correlation and prognostic significance of CD44s and its downstream signaling target pSTAT3 are unclear in ccRCC. In this study, 75 pairs of carcinoma and paired adjacent non-tumor renal tissue samples were collected from patients with localized ccRCC who underwent a nephrectomy. The expression levels of CD44s and pSTAT3 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Correlations between CD44s/pSTAT3 expression and clinical and pathological characteristics were determined using x(2) test, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox's proportional hazards model. We found that CD44s is highly expressed in 46.67% of tumor tissues, and its high expression was significantly associated with high tumor grade (P < 0.001), large tumor size (P = 0.009) and advanced T stage (P = 0.004). A strong correlation exists between high expression of CD44s and pSTAT3 (r = 0.4013, P = 0.0004). The joint over expression of CD44s and pSTAT3 was present in 42.66% of tumor specimens and had an additive negative impact on overall survival. Patients with CD44s(high)pSTAT3(high) expression had significantly poor survival as compared to patients with CD44s(low)pSTAT3(low) tumor expression (P = 0.024), though the concurrent overexpression of CD44s and pSTAT3 was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Our data indicate that expression of both CD44s and pSTAT3 in ccRCC is associated with advanced tumor stage and patient survival. The conclusions from this study may improve the prediction of ccRCC prognosis information when CD44s and pSTAT3 expression are evaluated together with classical clinicopathological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qin
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University15 West Changle Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University15 West Changle Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bao-Qin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University17 West Changle Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Amber Smithc
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of Kansas1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Oncology and Urology, University of Kansas1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jian-Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University15 West Changle Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Engineering Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University17 West Changle Street, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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