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Guo H, Liu S, Liu X, Zhang L. Lightening flavin by amination for fluorescent sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19554-19563. [PMID: 38979978 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2˙-, etc., in organisms is of great significance, not only for their essential role in biological processes, but their excessive production may also result in many diseases. Flavin (FL) is a fluorophore that naturally exists in flavoenzymes, and its fluorescent emission (FE) becomes negligible when reduced. This enables the application of FL derivatives as fluorescent sensors for ROS. We presented a theoretical investigation to address the impact of amino substitution on the photophysical properties of aminoflavins (AmFLs). Resulting from the interplay of electronic and positional effects, amination at C8 enhances the electronic coupling between the ground state and the first singlet excited state by enlarging the adiabatic energy change of the electronic transitions and the emission transition dipole moments, weakens the vibronic coupling by decreasing the contribution of isoalloxazine to the frontier molecular orbitals, redshifts the absorption band, and enhances the fluorescent emission drastically in 8AmFL. The theoretically estimated fluorescent emission intensity of 8AmFL is ∼40 times that of FL, suggesting its potential application as a fluorescent sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian and Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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2
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Jiang L, Ren X, Yang J, Chen H, Zhang S, Zhou X, Huang J, Jiang C, Gu Y, Tang J, Yang G, Chi H, Qin J. Mitophagy and clear cell renal cell carcinoma: insights from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1400431. [PMID: 38994370 PMCID: PMC11236570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1400431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, characterized by high heterogeneity and complexity. Recent studies have identified mitochondrial defects and autophagy as key players in the development of ccRCC. This study aims to delve into the changes in mitophagic activity within ccRCC and its impact on the tumor microenvironment, revealing its role in tumor cell metabolism, development, and survival strategies. Methods Comprehensive analysis of ccRCC tumor tissues using single cell sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to reveal the role of mitophagy in ccRCC. Mitophagy was determined to be altered among renal clear cells by gene set scoring. Key mitophagy cell populations and key prognostic genes were identified using NMF analysis and survival analysis approaches. The role of UBB in ccRCC was also demonstrated by in vitro experiments. Results Compared to normal kidney tissue, various cell types within ccRCC tumor tissues exhibited significantly increased levels of mitophagy, especially renal clear cells. Key genes associated with increased mitophagy levels, such as UBC, UBA52, TOMM7, UBB, MAP1LC3B, and CSNK2B, were identified, with their high expression closely linked to poor patient prognosis. Particularly, the ubiquitination process involving the UBB gene was found to be crucial for mitophagy and its quality control. Conclusion This study highlights the central role of mitophagy and its regulatory factors in the development of ccRCC, revealing the significance of the UBB gene and its associated ubiquitination process in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xing Ren
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Chen
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shengke Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuancheng Zhou
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinbang Huang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chenglu Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Gu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Di Noia MA, Ocheja OB, Scarcia P, Pisano I, Messina E, Agrimi G, Palmieri L, Guaragnella N. Lack of Mitochondrial DNA Provides Metabolic Advantage in Yeast Osmoadaptation. Biomolecules 2024; 14:704. [PMID: 38927107 PMCID: PMC11201435 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial function have been linked to a variety of cellular and organismal stress responses including apoptosis, aging, neurodegeneration and tumorigenesis. However, adaptation to mitochondrial dysfunction can occur through the activation of survival pathways, whose mechanisms are still poorly understood. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an invaluable model organism for studying how mitochondrial dysfunction can affect stress response and adaptation processes. In this study, we analyzed and compared in the absence and in the presence of osmostress wild-type cells with two models of cells lacking mitochondrial DNA: ethidium bromide-treated cells (ρ0) and cells lacking the mitochondrial pyrimidine nucleotide transporter RIM2 (ΔRIM2). Our results revealed that the lack of mitochondrial DNA provides an advantage in the kinetics of stress response. Additionally, wild-type cells exhibited higher osmosensitivity in the presence of respiratory metabolism. Mitochondrial mutants showed increased glycerol levels, required in the short-term response of yeast osmoadaptation, and prolonged oxidative stress. The involvement of the mitochondrial retrograde signaling in osmoadaptation has been previously demonstrated. The expression of CIT2, encoding the peroxisomal isoform of citrate synthase and whose up-regulation is prototypical of RTG pathway activation, appeared to be increased in the mutants. Interestingly, selected TCA cycle genes, CIT1 and ACO1, whose expression depends on RTG signaling upon stress, showed a different regulation in ρ0 and ΔRIM2 cells. These data suggest that osmoadaptation can occur through different mechanisms in the presence of mitochondrial defects and will allow us to gain insight into the relationships among metabolism, mitochondria-mediated stress response, and cell adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicoletta Guaragnella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (M.A.D.N.); (O.B.O.); (P.S.); (I.P.); (E.M.); (G.A.); (L.P.)
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4
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Wernhart S, Rassaf T. Relevance of Cardiovascular Exercise in Cancer and Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024; 21:238-251. [PMID: 38696059 PMCID: PMC11090948 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) has been identified as a threat to overall and cancer-related survival. Although aerobic exercise training (AET) has been shown to improve cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), the relationship between specific exercise regimens and cancer survival, heart failure development, and reduction of CTRCD is unclear. In this review, we discuss the impact of AET on molecular pathways and the current literature of sports in the field of cardio-oncology. RECENT FINDINGS Cardio-oncological exercise trials have focused on variations of AET intensity by using moderate continuous and high intensity interval training, which are applicable, safe, and effective approaches to improve CRF. AET increases CRF, reduces cardiovascular morbidity and heart failure hospitalization and should thus be implemented as an adjunct to standard cancer therapy, although its long-term effect on CTRCD remains unknown. Despite modulating diverse molecular pathways, it remains unknown which exercise regimen, including variations of AET duration and frequency, is most suited to facilitate peripheral and central adaptations to exercise and improve survival in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wernhart
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart- and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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5
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Chi H, Su L, Yan Y, Gu X, Su K, Li H, Yu L, Liu J, Wang J, Wu Q, Yang G. Illuminating the immunological landscape: mitochondrial gene defects in pancreatic cancer through a multiomics lens. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375143. [PMID: 38510247 PMCID: PMC10953916 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the complex interplay between mitochondrial gene defects and pancreatic cancer pathogenesis through a multiomics approach. By amalgamating data from genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies, we dissected the mechanisms by which mitochondrial genetic variations dictate cancer progression. Emphasis has been placed on the roles of these genes in altering cellular metabolic processes, signal transduction pathways, and immune system interactions. We further explored how these findings could refine therapeutic interventions, with a particular focus on precision medicine applications. This analysis not only fills pivotal knowledge gaps about mitochondrial anomalies in pancreatic cancer but also paves the way for future investigations into personalized therapy options. This finding underscores the crucial nexus between mitochondrial genetics and oncological immunology, opening new avenues for targeted cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chi
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lanqian Su
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yalan Yan
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Biology Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ke Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Li
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Qibiao Wu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, and University Hospital, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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Wernhart S, Rassaf T. Exercise, cancer, and the cardiovascular system: clinical effects and mechanistic insights. Basic Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00395-024-01034-4. [PMID: 38353711 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01034-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases and cancer are the leading causes of death in the Western world and share common risk factors. Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a major determinant of cardiovascular morbidity and cancer survival. In this review we discuss cancer- induced disturbances of parenchymal, cellular, and mitochondrial function, which limit CRF and may be antagonized and attenuated through exercise training. We show the impact of CRF on cancer survival and its attenuating effects on cardiotoxicity of cancer-related treatment. Tailored exercise programs are not yet available for each tumor entity as several trials were performed in heterogeneous populations without adequate cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) prior to exercise prescription and with a wide variation of exercise modalities. There is emerging evidence that exercise may be a crucial pillar in cancer treatment and a tool to mitigate cardiotoxic treatment effects. We discuss modalities of aerobic exercise and resistance training and their potential to improve CRF in cancer patients and provide an example of a periodization model for exercise training in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wernhart
- West German Heart- and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- West German Heart- and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
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7
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Jia C, Liu M, Yao L, Zhao F, Liu S, Li Z, Han Y. Multi-omics analysis reveals cuproptosis and mitochondria-based signature for assessing prognosis and immune landscape in osteosarcoma. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1280945. [PMID: 38250070 PMCID: PMC10796547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OSA), the most common primary mesenchymal bone tumor, is a health threat to children and adolescents with a dismal prognosis. While cuproptosis and mitochondria dysfunction have been demonstrated to exert a crucial role in tumor progression and development, the mechanisms by which they are regulated in OSA still await clarification. Methods Two independent OSA cohorts containing transcriptome data and clinical information were collected from public databases. The heterogeneity of OSA were evaluated by single cell RNA (scRNA) analysis. To identify a newly molecular subtype, unsupervised consensus clustering was conducted. Cox relevant regression methods were utilized to establish a prognostic gene signature. Wet lab experiments were performed to confirm the effect of model gene in OSA cells. Results We determined 30 distinct cell clusters and assessed OSA heterogeneity and stemness scRNA analysis. Then, univariate Cox analysis identified 24 candidate genes which were greatly associated with the prognosis of OSA. Based on these prognostic genes, we obtained two molecular subgroups. After conducting step Cox regression, three model genes were selected to construct a signature showing a favorable performance to forecast clinical outcome. Our proposed signature could also evaluate the response to chemotherapy and immunotherapy of OSA cases. Conclusion We generated a novel risk model based on cuproptosis and mitochondria-related genes in OSA with powerful predictive ability in prognosis and immune landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Jia
- Department of Osteonecrosis and Hip Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liming Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fangchao Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuren Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Hebei Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongtai Han
- Department of Osteonecrosis and Hip Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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8
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Suzuki K, Kubota Y, Kaneko K, Kamata CC, Furuyama K. CLPX regulates mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in liver cells. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105210. [PMID: 37660922 PMCID: PMC10556790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (β-oxidation) is an essential metabolic process for energy production in eukaryotic cells, but the regulatory mechanisms of this pathway are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that several enzymes involved in β-oxidation are associated with CLPX, the AAA+ unfoldase that is a component of the mitochondrial matrix protease ClpXP. The suppression of CLPX expression increased β-oxidation activity in the HepG2 cell line and in primary human hepatocytes without glucagon treatment. However, the protein levels of enzymes involved in β-oxidation did not significantly increase in CLPX-deleted HepG2 cells (CLPX-KO cells). Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the protein level in the immunoprecipitates of each antibody changed after the treatment of WT cells with glucagon, and a part of these changes was also observed in the comparison of WT and CLPX-KO cells without glucagon treatment. Although the exogenous expression of WT or ATP-hydrolysis mutant CLPX suppressed β-oxidation activity in CLPX-KO cells, glucagon treatment induced β-oxidation activity only in CLPX-KO cells expressing WT CLPX. These results suggest that the dissociation of CLPX from its target proteins is essential for the induction of β-oxidation in HepG2 cells. Moreover, specific phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and a decrease in the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 were observed in CLPX-KO cells, suggesting that CLPX might participate in the regulation of the cytosolic signaling pathway for β-oxidation. The mechanism for AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation remains elusive; however, our results uncovered the hitherto unknown role of CLPX in mitochondrial β-oxidation in human liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kubota
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kiriko Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Kazumichi Furuyama
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, Japan.
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Zhang W, Lang R. Succinate metabolism: a promising therapeutic target for inflammation, ischemia/reperfusion injury and cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1266973. [PMID: 37808079 PMCID: PMC10556696 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1266973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinate serves as an essential circulating metabolite within the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and functions as a substrate for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), thereby contributing to energy production in fundamental mitochondrial metabolic pathways. Aberrant changes in succinate concentrations have been associated with pathological states, including chronic inflammation, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, and cancer, resulting from the exaggerated response of specific immune cells, thereby rendering it a central area of investigation. Recent studies have elucidated the pivotal involvement of succinate and SDH in immunity beyond metabolic processes, particularly in the context of cancer. Current scientific endeavors are concentrated on comprehending the functional repercussions of metabolic modifications, specifically pertaining to succinate and SDH, in immune cells operating within a hypoxic milieu. The efficacy of targeting succinate and SDH alterations to manipulate immune cell functions in hypoxia-related diseases have been demonstrated. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of succinate's role in metabolism and the regulation of SDH is crucial for effectively targeting succinate and SDH as therapeutic interventions to influence the progression of specific diseases. This review provides a succinct overview of the latest advancements in comprehending the emerging functions of succinate and SDH in metabolic processes. Furthermore, it explores the involvement of succinate, an intermediary of the TCA cycle, in chronic inflammation, IR injury, and cancer, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms underlying succinate accumulation. This review critically assesses the potential of modulating succinate accumulation and metabolism within the hypoxic milieu as a means to combat various diseases. It explores potential targets for therapeutic interventions by focusing on succinate metabolism and the regulation of SDH in hypoxia-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Directo D, Lee SR. Cancer Cachexia: Underlying Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Metabolites 2023; 13:1024. [PMID: 37755304 PMCID: PMC10538050 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13091024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia, a multifactorial metabolic syndrome developed during malignant tumor growth, is characterized by an accelerated loss of body weight accompanied by the depletion of skeletal muscle mass. This debilitating condition is associated with muscle degradation, impaired immune function, reduced functional capacity, compromised quality of life, and diminished survival in cancer patients. Despite the lack of the known capability of fully reversing or ameliorating this condition, ongoing research is shedding light on promising preclinical approaches that target the disrupted mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia. This comprehensive review delves into critical aspects of cancer cachexia, including its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, preclinical models for studying the progression of cancer cachexia, methods for clinical assessment, relevant biomarkers, and potential therapeutic strategies. These discussions collectively aim to contribute to the evolving foundation for effective, multifaceted counteractive strategies against this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
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Rocca C, Soda T, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Moccia F, Viglietto G, Angelone T, Amodio N. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the crossroad of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 37726810 PMCID: PMC10507834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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12
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González-Arzola K, Díaz-Quintana A. Mitochondrial Factors in the Cell Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13656. [PMID: 37686461 PMCID: PMC10563088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of eukaryotic organisms involved the integration of mitochondria into the ancestor cell, with a massive gene transfer from the original proteobacterium to the host nucleus. Thus, mitochondrial performance relies on a mosaic of nuclear gene products from a variety of genomes. The concerted regulation of their synthesis is necessary for metabolic housekeeping and stress response. This governance involves crosstalk between mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and nuclear factors. While anterograde and retrograde regulation preserve mitochondrial homeostasis, the mitochondria can modulate a wide set of nuclear genes in response to an extensive variety of conditions, whose response mechanisms often merge. In this review, we summarise how mitochondrial metabolites and proteins-encoded either in the nucleus or in the organelle-target the cell nucleus and exert different actions modulating gene expression and the chromatin state, or even causing DNA fragmentation in response to common stress conditions, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, unfolded protein stress, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa—CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Sevilla—Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas—cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla—C.S.I.C, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Maffeo B, Panuzzo C, Moraca A, Cilloni D. A Leukemic Target with a Thousand Faces: The Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13069. [PMID: 37685874 PMCID: PMC10487524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the era of personalized medicine greatly improved by molecular diagnosis and tailor-made therapies, the survival rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at 5 years remains unfortunately low. Indeed, the high heterogeneity of AML clones with distinct metabolic and molecular profiles allows them to survive the chemotherapy-induced changes, thus leading to resistance, clonal evolution, and relapse. Moreover, leukemic stem cells (LSCs), the quiescent reservoir of residual disease, can persist for a long time and activate the recurrence of disease, supported by significant metabolic differences compared to AML blasts. All these points highlight the relevance to develop combination therapies, including metabolism inhibitors to improve treatment efficacy. In this review, we summarized the metabolic differences in AML blasts and LSCs, the molecular pathways related to mitochondria and metabolism are druggable and targeted in leukemia therapies, with a distinct interest for Venetoclax, which has revolutionized the therapeutic paradigms of several leukemia subtype, unfit for intensive treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Panuzzo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (B.M.); (A.M.); (D.C.)
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Giosa D, Lombardo D, Musolino C, Chines V, Raffa G, Casuscelli di Tocco F, D'Aliberti D, Caminiti G, Saitta C, Alibrandi A, Aiese Cigliano R, Romeo O, Navarra G, Raimondo G, Pollicino T. Mitochondrial DNA is a target of HBV integration. Commun Biol 2023; 6:684. [PMID: 37400627 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) may integrate into the genome of infected cells and contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the role of HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unclear. In this study, we apply a high-throughput HBV integration sequencing approach that allows sensitive identification of HBV integration sites and enumeration of integration clones. We identify 3339 HBV integration sites in paired tumour and non-tumour tissue samples from 7 patients with HCC. We detect 2107 clonally expanded integrations (1817 in tumour and 290 in non-tumour tissues), and a significant enrichment of clonal HBV integrations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) preferentially occurring in the oxidative phosphorylation genes (OXPHOS) and D-loop region. We also find that HBV RNA sequences are imported into the mitochondria of hepatoma cells with the involvement of polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPASE), and that HBV RNA might have a role in the process of HBV integration into mtDNA. Our results suggest a potential mechanism by which HBV integration may contribute to HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Giosa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daniele Lombardo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Musolino
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Department of Human Pathology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Chines
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Raffa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Casuscelli di Tocco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah D'Aliberti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caminiti
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Carlo Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | | | - Orazio Romeo
- Department of ChiBioFarAm, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Navarra
- Department of Human Pathology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Pollicino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.
- Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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15
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Picca A, Guerra F, Calvani R, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Leeuwenburgh C, Bucci C, Marzetti E. The contribution of mitochondrial DNA alterations to aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Exp Gerontol 2023; 178:112203. [PMID: 37172915 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is as a double-stranded molecule existing in hundreds to thousands copies in cells depending on cell metabolism and exposure to endogenous and/or environmental stressors. The coordination of mtDNA replication and transcription regulates the pace of mitochondrial biogenesis to guarantee the minimum number of organelles per cell. mtDNA inheritance follows a maternal lineage, although bi-parental inheritance has been reported in some species and in the case of mitochondrial diseases in humans. mtDNA mutations (e.g., point mutations, deletions, copy number variations) have been identified in the setting of several human diseases. For instance, sporadic and inherited rare disorders involving the nervous system as well higher risk of developing cancer and neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, have been associated with polymorphic mtDNA variants. An accrual of mtDNA mutations has also been identified in several tissues and organs, including heart and muscle, of old experimental animals and humans, which may contribute to the development of aging phenotypes. The role played by mtDNA homeostasis and mtDNA quality control pathways in human health is actively investigated for the possibility of developing targeted therapeutics for a wide range of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Picca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Pouliquen DL, Ortone G, Rumiano L, Boissard A, Henry C, Blandin S, Guette C, Riganti C, Kopecka J. Long-Chain Acyl Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase, a Key Player in Metabolic Rewiring/Invasiveness in Experimental Tumors and Human Mesothelioma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113044. [PMID: 37297007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-species investigations of cancer invasiveness are a new approach that has already identified new biomarkers which are potentially useful for improving tumor diagnosis and prognosis in clinical medicine and veterinary science. In this study, we combined proteomic analysis of four experimental rat malignant mesothelioma (MM) tumors with analysis of ten patient-derived cell lines to identify common features associated with mitochondrial proteome rewiring. A comparison of significant abundance changes between invasive and non-invasive rat tumors gave a list of 433 proteins, including 26 proteins reported to be exclusively located in mitochondria. Next, we analyzed the differential expression of genes encoding the mitochondrial proteins of interest in five primary epithelioid and five primary sarcomatoid human MM cell lines; the most impressive increase was observed in the expression of the long-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (ACADL). To evaluate the role of this enzyme in migration/invasiveness, two epithelioid and two sarcomatoid human MM cell lines derived from patients with the highest and lowest overall survival were studied. Interestingly, sarcomatoid vs. epithelioid cell lines were characterized by higher migration and fatty oxidation rates, in agreement with ACADL findings. These results suggest that evaluating mitochondrial proteins in MM specimens might identify tumors with higher invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Pouliquen
- Université d'Angers, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Giacomo Ortone
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Letizia Rumiano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Alice Boissard
- Université d'Angers, ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Cécile Henry
- Université d'Angers, ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Stéphanie Blandin
- CHU Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, BioCore, US16, SFR Bonamy, Nantes Université, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Guette
- Université d'Angers, ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
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17
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Laudisi F, Stolfi C. Advances in Immunotherapy and Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment: Editorial to the Special Issue "State-of-the-Art Molecular Oncology in Italy". Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108929. [PMID: 37240286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most common causes of death worldwide, mainly due to late diagnosis and the lack of efficient therapeutic options for patients with advanced diseases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Laudisi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Stolfi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
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18
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Malayil R, Chhichholiya Y, Vasudeva K, Singh HV, Singh T, Singh S, Munshi A. Oncogenic metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer: focus on signaling pathways and mitochondrial genes. Med Oncol 2023; 40:174. [PMID: 37170010 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic metabolic reprogramming impacts the abundance of key metabolites that regulate signaling and epigenetics. Metabolic vulnerability in the cancer cell is evident from the Warburg effect. The research on metabolism in the progression and survival of breast cancer (BC) is under focus. Oncogenic signal activation and loss of tumor suppressor are important regulators of tumor cell metabolism. Several intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to metabolic reprogramming. The molecular mechanisms underpinning metabolic reprogramming in BC are extensive and only partially defined. Various signaling pathways involved in the metabolism play a significant role in the modulation of BC. Notably, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, lactate-ERK/STAT3 signaling, loss of the tumor suppressor Ras, Myc, oxidative stress, activation of the cellular hypoxic response and acidosis contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes linked to enhanced glycolysis. The alterations in mitochondrial genes have also been elaborated upon along with their functional implications. The outcome of these active research areas might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic interventions and the remodeling of known drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhuthuparna Malayil
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Chhichholiya
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harsh Vikram Singh
- Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
| | - Tashvinder Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India.
| | - Anjana Munshi
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Punjab, India.
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19
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Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka A, Lalik A, Lukasiak A, Richter-Laskowska M, Trybek P, Ejfler M, Opałka M, Wardejn S, Delfino DV. Potassium Channels, Glucose Metabolism and Glycosylation in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097942. [PMID: 37175655 PMCID: PMC10178682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels emerge as one of the crucial groups of proteins that shape the biology of cancer cells. Their involvement in processes like cell growth, migration, or electric signaling, seems obvious. However, the relationship between the function of K+ channels, glucose metabolism, and cancer glycome appears much more intriguing. Among the typical hallmarks of cancer, one can mention the switch to aerobic glycolysis as the most favorable mechanism for glucose metabolism and glycome alterations. This review outlines the interconnections between the expression and activity of potassium channels, carbohydrate metabolism, and altered glycosylation in cancer cells, which have not been broadly discussed in the literature hitherto. Moreover, we propose the potential mediators for the described relations (e.g., enzymes, microRNAs) and the novel promising directions (e.g., glycans-orinented drugs) for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzkiewicz-Jałowiecka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna Lalik
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lukasiak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Richter-Laskowska
- The Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Łukasiewicz Research Network-Krakow Institute of Technology, 30-418 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Trybek
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Maciej Ejfler
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maciej Opałka
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sonia Wardejn
- Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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20
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Murali R, Balasubramaniam V, Srinivas S, Sundaram S, Venkatraman G, Warrier S, Dharmarajan A, Gandhirajan RK. Deregulated Metabolic Pathways in Ovarian Cancer: Cause and Consequence. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040560. [PMID: 37110218 PMCID: PMC10141515 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers are tumors that originate from the different cells of the ovary and account for almost 4% of all the cancers in women globally. More than 30 types of tumors have been identified based on the cellular origins. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most common and lethal type of ovarian cancer which can be further divided into high-grade serous, low-grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous carcinoma. Ovarian carcinogenesis has been long attributed to endometriosis which is a chronic inflammation of the reproductive tract leading to progressive accumulation of mutations. Due to the advent of multi-omics datasets, the consequences of somatic mutations and their role in altered tumor metabolism has been well elucidated. Several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes have been implicated in the progression of ovarian cancer. In this review, we highlight the genetic alterations undergone by the key oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes responsible for the development of ovarian cancer. We also summarize the role of these oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and their association with a deregulated network of fatty acid, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid and amino acid metabolism in ovarian cancers. Identification of genomic and metabolic circuits will be useful in clinical stratification of patients with complex etiologies and in identifying drug targets for personalized therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopak Murali
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Vaishnavi Balasubramaniam
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Satish Srinivas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sandhya Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education & Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd., Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai 600116, India
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21
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Padinharayil H, Rai V, George A. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: From Mechanism-Based Perspectives to Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041070. [PMID: 36831413 PMCID: PMC9954550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the fourteenth most common malignancy, is a major contributor to cancer-related death with the utmost case fatality rate among all malignancies. Functional mitochondria, regardless of their complex ecosystem relative to normal cells, are essential in PDAC progression. Tumor cells' potential to produce ATP as energy, despite retaining the redox potential optimum, and allocating materials for biosynthetic activities that are crucial for cell growth, survival, and proliferation, are assisted by mitochondria. The polyclonal tumor cells with different metabolic profiles may add to carcinogenesis through inter-metabolic coupling. Cancer cells frequently possess alterations in the mitochondrial genome, although they do not hinder metabolism; alternatively, they change bioenergetics. This can further impart retrograde signaling, educate cell signaling, epigenetic modifications, chromatin structures, and transcription machinery, and ultimately satisfy cancer cellular and nuclear demands. To maximize the tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells remodel nearby stromal cells and extracellular matrix. These changes initiate polyclonality, which is crucial for growth, stress response, and metastasis. Here, we evaluate all the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways drawn by mitochondria in carcinogenesis, emphasizing the perspectives of mitochondrial metabolism in PDAC progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza Padinharayil
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur 680005, Kerala, India
- Correspondence:
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22
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Park KC, Kim JM, Kim SY, Kim SM, Lim JH, Kim MK, Fang S, Kim Y, Mills GB, Noh SH, Cheong JH. PMCA inhibition reverses drug resistance in clinically refractory cancer patient-derived models. BMC Med 2023; 21:38. [PMID: 36726166 PMCID: PMC9893610 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells have developed molecular strategies to cope with evolutionary stressors in the dynamic tumor microenvironment. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α) is a metabolic rheostat that regulates diverse cellular adaptive behaviors, including growth and survival. However, the mechanistic role of PGC1α in regulating cancer cell viability under metabolic and genotoxic stress remains elusive. METHODS We investigated the PGC1α-mediated survival mechanisms in metabolic stress (i.e., glucose deprivation-induced metabolic stress condition)-resistant cancer cells. We established glucose deprivation-induced metabolic stress-resistant cells (selected cells) from parental tumor cells and silenced or overexpressed PGC1α in selected and parental tumor cells. RESULTS Several in vitro and in vivo mouse experiments were conducted to elucidate the contribution of PGC1α to cell viability in metabolic stress conditions. Interestingly, in the mouse xenograft model of patient-derived drug-resistant cancer cells, each group treated with an anti-cancer drug alone showed no drastic effects, whereas a group that was co-administered an anti-cancer drug and a specific PMCA inhibitor (caloxin or candidate 13) showed marked tumor shrinkage. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that PGC1α is a key regulator of anti-apoptosis in metabolic and genotoxic stress-resistant cells, inducing PMCA expression and allowing survival in glucose-deprived conditions. We have discovered a novel therapeutic target candidate that could be employed for the treatment of patients with refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Cheong Park
- Department of Surgery, Systems Cancer Biology & Biomarker Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of Surgery, Systems Cancer Biology & Biomarker Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yong Kim
- Department of Surgery, Systems Cancer Biology & Biomarker Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Mo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Systems Cancer Biology & Biomarker Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hong Lim
- Department of Surgery, Systems Cancer Biology & Biomarker Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, BK21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, BK21 PLUS project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonjung Kim
- EONE-DIAGNOMICS Genome Center, New drug R&D Center, 291 Harmony-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22014, Republic of Korea
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Noh
- Department of Surgery, Systems Cancer Biology & Biomarker Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Systems Cancer Biology & Biomarker Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,YUMC-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Systems Cancer Biology & Biomarker Research Lab, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Martín-Rodríguez A, Redondo-Flórez L, Ruisoto P, Navarro-Jiménez E, Ramos-Campo DJ, Tornero-Aguilera JF. Metabolic Health, Mitochondrial Fitness, Physical Activity, and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030814. [PMID: 36765772 PMCID: PMC9913323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a significant global health issue. Traditional genetic-based approaches to understanding and treating cancer have had limited success. Researchers are increasingly exploring the impact of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, on cancer development. Examining the role of mitochondria in this context is crucial for understanding the connections between metabolic health, physical activity, and cancer. This study aimed to review the literature on this topic through a comprehensive narrative review of various databases including MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. The review highlighted the importance of mitochondrial function in overall health and in regulating key events in cancer development, such as apoptosis. The concept of "mitochondrial fitness" emphasizes the crucial role of mitochondria in cell metabolism, particularly their oxidative functions, and how proper function can prevent replication errors and regulate apoptosis. Engaging in high-energy-demanding movement, such as exercise, is a powerful intervention for improving mitochondrial function and increasing resistance to environmental stressors. These findings support the significance of considering the role of the environment, specifically inflammation and metabolism, in cancer development and treatment. Further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms by which physical activity improves mitochondrial function and potentially reduces the risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n Villaviciosa de Odón, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ruisoto
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Navarre, Spain
| | | | - Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo
- Departamento de Salud y Rendimiento, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Nan H, Guo P, Fan J, Zeng W, Hu C, Zheng C, Pan B, Cao Y, Ge Y, Xue X, Li W, Lin K. Comprehensive analysis of the prognosis, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy response of SDHs in colon adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1093974. [PMID: 36949947 PMCID: PMC10025334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1093974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), one of the key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is mainly found in the mitochondria. SDH consists of four subunits encoding SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD. The biological function of SDH is significantly related to cancer progression. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors globally, whose most common histological subtype is colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). However, the correlation between SDH factors and COAD remains unclear. Methods The data on pan-cancer was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the prognostic ability of SDHs. The cBioPortal database reflected genetic variations of SDHs. The correlation analysis was conducted between SDHs and mitochondrial energy metabolism genes (MMGs) and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built. Consequently, Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis on SDHs and other clinical characteristics were conducted. A nomogram was established. The ssGSEA analysis visualized the association between SDHs and immune infiltration. Immunophenoscore (IPS) explored the correlation between SDHs and immunotherapy, and the correlation between SDHs and targeted therapy was investigated through Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer. Finally, qPCR and immunohistochemistry detected SDHs' expression. Results After assessing SDHs differential expression in pan-cancer, we found that SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD benefit COAD patients. The cBioPortal database demonstrated that SDHA was the top gene in mutation frequency rank. Correlation analysis mirrored a strong link between SDHs and MMGs. We formulated a nomogram and found that SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, and clinical characteristics correlated with COAD patients' survival. For T helper cells, Th2 cells, and Tem, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD were significantly enriched in the high expression group. Moreover, COAD patients with high SDHA expression were more suitable for immunotherapy. And COAD patients with different SDHs' expression have different sensitivity to targeted drugs. Further verifying the gene and protein expression levels of SDHs, we found that the tissues were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Conclusions Our study analyzed the expression and prognostic value of SDHs in COAD, explored the pathway mechanisms involved, and the immune cell correlations, indicating that SDHs might be biomarkers for COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Nan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengkun Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianing Fan
- School of Second Clinical Medical, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chonghan Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Can Zheng
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bujian Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Cao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Ge
- School of Second Clinical Medical, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Experiemtial Center of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyang Xue, ; Wenshu Li, ; Kezhi Lin,
| | - Wenshu Li
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyang Xue, ; Wenshu Li, ; Kezhi Lin,
| | - Kezhi Lin
- Wenzhou Collaborative Innovation Center of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Basic Research and Precision Medicine, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Experiemtial Center of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyang Xue, ; Wenshu Li, ; Kezhi Lin,
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Mass spectrometry imaging in gynecological cancers: the best is yet to come. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:414. [PMID: 36536419 PMCID: PMC9764543 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) enables obtaining multidimensional results simultaneously in a single run, including regiospecificity and m/z values corresponding with specific proteins, peptides, lipids, etc. The knowledge obtained in this way allows for a multifaceted analysis of the studied issue, e.g., the specificity of the neoplastic process and the search for new therapeutic targets. Despite the enormous possibilities, this relatively new technique in many aspects still requires the development or standardization of analytical protocols (from collecting biological material, through sample preparation, analysis, and data collection, to data processing). The introduction of standardized protocols for MSI studies, with its current potential to extend diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, can revolutionize clinical pathology. As far as identifying ovarian cancer subtypes can be challenging, especially in poorly differentiated tumors, developing MSI-based algorithms may enhance determining prognosis and tumor staging without the need for extensive surgery and optimize the choice of subsequent therapy. MSI might bring new solutions in predicting response to treatment in patients with endometrial cancer. Therefore, MSI may help to revolutionize the future of gynecological oncology in terms of diagnostics, treatment, and predicting the response to therapy. This review will encompass several aspects, e.g., contemporary discoveries in gynecological cancer research utilizing MSI, indicates current challenges, and future perspectives on MSI.
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Zhang L, Wu S, Huang J, Shi Y, Yin Y, Cao X. A mitochondria-related signature for predicting immune microenvironment and therapeutic response in osteosarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1085065. [PMID: 36531021 PMCID: PMC9751795 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1085065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma remains to be the most devastating malignant tumor in children and teenagers. Mitochondria have also been proven to play critical roles in osteosarcoma. However, a mitochondria-related signature has been established in osteosarcoma to comprehensively evaluate the pathogenic roles and regulatory roles of mitochondria in osteosarcoma. METHODS In this study, osteosarcoma samples' transcriptome data and clinical information were collected from Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed on the samples at the bulk RNA sequencing level and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) level. EdU, Transwell, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on PCCB. RESULTS A mitochondria-related signature was constructed in osteosarcoma patients. The prognostic value of the mitochondria-related signature was explored. The predictive value of the mitochondria-related signature in the immune microenvironment and chemotherapy agents was explored. The association between mitochondria and immunity in the tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma at the scRNA-seq level was investigated. The tumorigenic role of the critical mitochondria-related gene, PCCB, was verified by in vitro validation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, a mitochondria-related signature was developed in osteosarcoma with solid predictive values in the immune microenvironment, chemotherapy agents, and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Unraveling Mitochondrial Determinants of Tumor Response to Radiation Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911343. [PMID: 36232638 PMCID: PMC9569617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy represents a highly targeted and efficient treatment choice in many cancer types, both with curative and palliative intents. Nevertheless, radioresistance, consisting in the adaptive response of the tumor to radiation-induced damage, represents a major clinical problem. A growing body of the literature suggests that mechanisms related to mitochondrial changes and metabolic remodeling might play a major role in radioresistance development. In this work, the main contributors to the acquired cellular radioresistance and their relation with mitochondrial changes in terms of reactive oxygen species, hypoxia, and epigenetic alterations have been discussed. We focused on recent findings pointing to a major role of mitochondria in response to radiotherapy, along with their implication in the mechanisms underlying radioresistance and radiosensitivity, and briefly summarized some of the recently proposed mitochondria-targeting strategies to overcome the radioresistant phenotype in cancer.
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Advances in measuring cancer cell metabolism with subcellular resolution. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1048-1063. [PMID: 36008629 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Characterizing metabolism in cancer is crucial for understanding tumor biology and for developing potential therapies. Although most metabolic investigations analyze averaged metabolite levels from all cell compartments, subcellular metabolomics can provide more detailed insight into the biochemical processes associated with the disease. Methodological limitations have historically prevented the wider application of subcellular metabolomics in cancer research. Recently, however, ways to distinguish and identify metabolic pathways within organelles have been developed, including state-of-the-art methods to monitor metabolism in situ (such as mass spectrometry-based imaging, Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy), to isolate key organelles via new approaches and to use tailored isotope-tracing strategies. Herein, we examine the advantages and limitations of these developments and look to the future of this field of research.
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Lee YG, Park DH, Chae YC. Role of Mitochondrial Stress Response in Cancer Progression. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050771. [PMID: 35269393 PMCID: PMC8909674 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are subcellular organelles that are a hub for key biological processes, such as bioenergetic, biosynthetic, and signaling functions. Mitochondria are implicated in all oncogenic processes, from malignant transformation to metastasis and resistance to chemotherapeutics. The harsh tumor environment constantly exposes cancer cells to cytotoxic stressors, such as nutrient starvation, low oxygen, and oxidative stress. Excessive or prolonged exposure to these stressors can cause irreversible mitochondrial damage, leading to cell death. To survive hostile microenvironments that perturb mitochondrial function, cancer cells activate a stress response to maintain mitochondrial protein and genome integrity. This adaptive mechanism, which is closely linked to mitochondrial function, enables rapid adjustment and survival in harsh environmental conditions encountered during tumor dissemination, thereby promoting cancer progression. In this review, we describe how the mitochondria stress response contributes to the acquisition of typical malignant traits and highlight the potential of targeting the mitochondrial stress response as an anti-cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Geon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (Y.G.L.); (D.H.P.)
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Do Hong Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (Y.G.L.); (D.H.P.)
| | - Young Chan Chae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (Y.G.L.); (D.H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-52-217-2524 or +82-52-217-2638
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Paeoniflorin Enhances the Sensitivity of ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cells to Tamoxifen through Promoting Sirtuin 4. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6730559. [PMID: 35154350 PMCID: PMC8831046 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6730559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is an effective drug for treating patients with advanced estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC), but not for all ER + BC patients. Drug tolerance is the biggest obstacle. In this study, we designed an experiment to investigate whether paeoniflorin affects the ER + BC cell's sensitivity to tamoxifen in the T47D and MCF-7 cell lines. Herein, we found that paeoniflorin inhibited cell proliferation without inducing apoptosis. However, it enhanced tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in both cell lines. Immunoblotting revealed that paeoniflorin significantly increased the already elevated Bax/Bcl2 protein expression ratio and the caspase 3 activity levels, both induced by tamoxifen. Paeoniflorin was also found to increase SIRT4 expression, and deletion of SIRT4 could significantly reverse the inhibition of cell proliferation induced by paeoniflorin and significantly decrease paeoniflorin-enhanced apoptosis induced by tamoxifen. Moreover, protein expression detection revealed that paeoniflorin enhanced the tamoxifen-induced inhibition of STAT3 activation. Besides, the deletion of SIRT4 could significantly increase STAT3 activation in the T47D and MCF-7 cells. In conclusion, paeoniflorin suppressed STAT3 activation to enhance the sensitivity of ER-positive breast cancer cells to tamoxifen through promoting SIRT4 expression.
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Singh R, Jain A, Palanichamy JK, Nag TC, Bakhshi S, Singh A. Ultrastructural changes in cristae of lymphoblasts in acute lymphoblastic leukemia parallel alterations in biogenesis markers. Appl Microsc 2021; 51:20. [PMID: 34964922 PMCID: PMC8716663 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-021-00069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the link between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in lymphoblasts of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and compared these characteristics between tumors and control samples. Gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis markers was analysed in 23 ALL patients and 18 controls and TEM for morphology analysis was done in 15 ALL patients and 9 healthy controls. The area occupied by mitochondria per cell and the cristae cross-sectional area was observed to be significantly higher in patients than in controls (p-value = 0.0468 and p-value< 0.0001, respectively). The mtDNA copy numbers, TFAM, POLG, and c-myc gene expression were significantly higher in ALL patients than controls (all p-values< 0.01). Gene Expression of PGC-1α was higher in tumor samples. The analysis of the correlation between PGC-1α expression and morphology parameters i.e., both M/C ratio and cristae cross-sectional area revealed a positive trend (r = 0.3, p = 0.1). The increased area occupied by mitochondria and increased cristae area support the occurrence of cristae remodelling in ALL. These changes might reflect alterations in cristae dynamics to support the metabolic state of the cells by forming a more condensed network. Ultrastructural imaging can be useful for affirming changes occurring at a subcellular organellar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritika Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room 3044, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ayushi Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room 3044, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Jayanth Kumar Palanichamy
- Department of Biochemistry, Convergence Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - T C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Teaching Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Room 3044, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Chai X, Fan Z, Yu MM, Zhao J, Li L. A Redox-Activatable DNA Nanodevice for Spatially-Selective, AND-Gated Imaging of ATP and Glutathione in Mitochondria. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10047-10053. [PMID: 34807619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Design of biosensors capable of imaging ATP and glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria remains a challenge, despite their importance in elucidating their correlated pathophysiological events. Here, we report a new strategy that uses redox-activatable aptamer sensor design combined with nanoparticle-based targeting capability to achieve spatially controlled, AND-gated imaging of ATP and GSH in mitochondria. The DNA nanodevice was designed by the controlled assembly of the redox-responsive ATP aptamer probe on the nanoparticles and further decorated with mitochondria-targeting signals. We demonstrate that the system allows for mitochondria-specific, correlated imaging of ATP and GSH in living cells and in vivo. Furthermore, because the system can be lighted up only when meeting the "dual keys" (overexpressed ATP and GSH in mitochondria) simultaneously, the DNA nanodevice enables specific imaging of tumors in vivo with improved tumor-to-normal tissue ratio. This work illustrates the potential of the DNA nanodevices in the imaging of mitochondrial multivariate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zetan Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ming-Ming Yu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Fontana F, Limonta P. The multifaceted roles of mitochondria at the crossroads of cell life and death in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:203-221. [PMID: 34597798 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the cytoplasmic organelles mostly known as the "electric engine" of the cells; however, they also play pivotal roles in different biological processes, such as cell growth/apoptosis, Ca2+ and redox homeostasis, and cell stemness. In cancer cells, mitochondria undergo peculiar functional and structural dynamics involved in the survival/death fate of the cell. Cancer cells use glycolysis to support macromolecular biosynthesis and energy production ("Warburg effect"); however, mitochondrial OXPHOS has been shown to be still active during carcinogenesis and even exacerbated in drug-resistant and stem cancer cells. This metabolic rewiring is associated with mutations in genes encoding mitochondrial metabolic enzymes ("oncometabolites"), alterations of ROS production and redox biology, and a fine-tuned balance between anti-/proapoptotic proteins. In cancer cells, mitochondria also experience dynamic alterations from the structural point of view undergoing coordinated cycles of biogenesis, fusion/fission and mitophagy, and physically communicating with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through the Ca2+ flux, at the MAM (mitochondria-associated membranes) levels. This review addresses the peculiar mitochondrial metabolic and structural dynamics occurring in cancer cells and their role in coordinating the balance between cell survival and death. The role of mitochondrial dynamics as effective biomarkers of tumor progression and promising targets for anticancer strategies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Helenius IT, Madala HR, Yeh JRJ. An Asp to Strike Out Cancer? Therapeutic Possibilities Arising from Aspartate's Emerging Roles in Cell Proliferation and Survival. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1666. [PMID: 34827664 PMCID: PMC8615858 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the metabolic constraints of a tumor may lead to more effective anticancer treatments. Evidence has emerged in recent years shedding light on a crucial aspartate dependency of many tumor types. As a precursor for nucleotide synthesis, aspartate is indispensable for cell proliferation. Moreover, the malate-aspartate shuttle plays a key role in redox balance, and a deficit in aspartate can lead to oxidative stress. It is now recognized that aspartate biosynthesis is largely governed by mitochondrial metabolism, including respiration and glutaminolysis in cancer cells. Therefore, under conditions that suppress mitochondrial metabolism, including mutations, hypoxia, or chemical inhibitors, aspartate can become a limiting factor for tumor growth and cancer cell survival. Notably, aspartate availability has been associated with sensitivity or resistance to various therapeutics that are presently in the clinic or in clinical trials, arguing for a critical need for more effective aspartate-targeting approaches. In this review, we present current knowledge of the metabolic roles of aspartate in cancer cells and describe how cancer cells maintain aspartate levels under different metabolic states. We also highlight several promising aspartate level-modulating agents that are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanumantha Rao Madala
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Jing-Ruey Joanna Yeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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Mani S, Swargiary G, Ralph SJ. Targeting the redox imbalance in mitochondria: A novel mode for cancer therapy. Mitochondrion 2021; 62:50-73. [PMID: 34758363 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels affect many aspects of cell behavior. During carcinogenesis, moderate ROS production modifies gene expression to alter cell function, elevating metabolic activity and ROS. To avoid extreme ROS-activated death, cancer cells increase antioxidative capacity, regulating sustained ROS levels that promote growth. Anticancer therapies are exploring inducing supranormal, cytotoxic oxidative stress levels either inhibiting antioxidative capacity or promoting excess ROS to selectively destroy cancer cells, triggering mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, or ferroptosis. This review exemplifies pro-oxidants (natural/synthetic/repurposed drugs) and their clinical significance as cancer therapies providing revolutionary approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India.
| | - Geeta Swargiary
- Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Stephen J Ralph
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, Australia.
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Kumar S, Ashraf R, C K A. Mitochondrial dynamics regulators: implications for therapeutic intervention in cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 38:377-406. [PMID: 34661828 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the recent advances in therapeutic developments, cancer is still among the primary causes of death globally, indicating the need for alternative therapeutic strategies. Mitochondria, a dynamic organelle, continuously undergo the fusion and fission processes to meet cell requirements. The balanced fission and fusion processes, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, coordinate mitochondrial shape, size, number, energy metabolism, cell cycle, mitophagy, and apoptosis. An imbalance between these opposing events alters mitochondWangrial dynamics, affects the overall mitochondrial shape, and deregulates mitochondrial function. Emerging evidence indicates that alteration of mitochondrial dynamics contributes to various aspects of tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial dynamics regulator could be a potential therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. This review will address the role of imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics in mitochondrial dysfunction during cancer progression. We will outline the clinical significance of mitochondrial dynamics regulators in various cancer types with recent updates in cancer stemness and chemoresistance and its therapeutic potential and clinical utility as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India.
| | - Rahail Ashraf
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
| | - Aparna C K
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karkambadi Road, Rami Reddy Nagar, Mangalam, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517507, India
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Jaiswal P, Tripathi V, Nayak A, Kataria S, Lukashevich V, Das A, Parmar HS. A molecular link between diabetes and breast cancer: Therapeutic potential of repurposing incretin-based therapies for breast cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:829-848. [PMID: 34468298 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210901101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Female breast cancer recently surpassed lung cancer and became the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. As per the recent data from WHO, breast cancer accounts for one out of every 8 cancer cases diagnosed among an estimated 2.3 million new cancer cases. Breast cancer is the most prevailing cancer type among women causing the highest number of cancer-related mortality. It has been estimated that in 2020, 68,5000 women died due to this disease. Breast cancers have varying degrees of molecular heterogeneity; therefore, they are divided into various molecular clinical sub types. Recent reports suggest that type 2 diabetes (one of the common chronic diseases worldwide) is linked to the higher incidence, accelerated progression, and aggressiveness of different cancers; especially breast cancer. Breast cancer is hormone-dependent in nature and has a cross-talk with metabolism. A number of antidiabetic therapies are known to exert beneficial effects on various types of cancers, including breast cancer. However, only a few reports are available on the role of incretin-based antidiabetic therapies in cancer as a whole and in breast cancer in particular. The present review sheds light on the potential of incretin based therapies on breast cancer and explores the plausible underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we have also discussed the sub types of breast cancer as well as the intricate relationship between diabetes and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Jaiswal
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Versha Tripathi
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Aakruti Nayak
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Shreya Kataria
- School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Indore-452001. M.P., India
| | - Vladimir Lukashevich
- Institute of Physiology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk-220072. Belarus
| | - Apurba Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IIT, Indore, Simrol, Indore, M.P., India
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Selvarajah B, Azuelos I, Anastasiou D, Chambers RC. Fibrometabolism-An emerging therapeutic frontier in pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/697/eaay1027. [PMID: 34429381 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the final pathological outcome and major cause of morbidity and mortality in many common and chronic inflammatory, immune-mediated, and metabolic diseases. Despite the growing incidence of fibrotic diseases and extensive research efforts, there remains a lack of effective therapies that improve survival. The application of omics technologies has revolutionized our approach to identifying previously unknown therapeutic targets and potential disease biomarkers. The application of metabolomics, in particular, has improved our understanding of disease pathomechanisms and garnered a wave of scientific interest in the role of metabolism in the biology of myofibroblasts, the key effector cells of the fibrogenic response. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in metabolism not only are a feature of but also may play an influential role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, most notably in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most rapidly progressive and fatal of all fibrotic conditions. This review will detail the role of key metabolic pathways, their alterations in myofibroblasts, and the potential this new knowledge offers for the development of antifibrotic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brintha Selvarajah
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Ilan Azuelos
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | | | - Rachel C Chambers
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Metabostemness in cancer: Linking metaboloepigenetics and mitophagy in remodeling cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:198-213. [PMID: 34355273 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are rare populations of malignant cells with stem cell-like features of self-renewal, uninterrupted differentiation, tumorigenicity, and resistance to conventional therapeutic agents, and these cells have a decisive role in treatment failure and tumor relapse. The self-renewal potential of CSCs with atypical activation of developmental signaling pathways involves the maintenance of stemness to support cancer progression. The acquisition of stemness in CSCs has been accomplished through genetic and epigenetic rewiring following the metabolic switch. In this context, "metabostemness" denotes the metabolic parameters that essentially govern the epitranscriptional gene reprogramming mechanism to dedifferentiate tumor cells into CSCs. Several metabolites often referred to as oncometabolites can directly remodel chromatin structure and thereby influence the operation of epitranscriptional circuits. This integrated metaboloepigenetic dimension of CSCs favors the differentiated cells to move in dedifferentiated macrostates. Some metabolic events might perform as early drivers of epitranscriptional reprogramming; however, subsequent metabolic hits may govern the retention of stemness properties in the tumor mass. Interestingly, selective removal of mitochondria through autophagy can promote metabolic plasticity and alter metabolic states during differentiation and dedifferentiation. In this connection, novel metabostemness-specific drugs can be generated as potential cancer therapeutics to target the metaboloepigenetic circuitry to eliminate CSCs.
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Cascardo F, Anselmino N, Páez A, Labanca E, Sanchis P, Antico-Arciuch V, Navone N, Gueron G, Vázquez E, Cotignola J. HO-1 Modulates Aerobic Glycolysis through LDH in Prostate Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:966. [PMID: 34208670 PMCID: PMC8235201 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed malignancy and the fifth leading cause of cancer associated death in men worldwide. Dysregulation of cellular energetics has become a hallmark of cancer, evidenced by numerous connections between signaling pathways that include oncoproteins and key metabolic enzymes. We previously showed that heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), a cellular homeostatic regulator counteracting oxidative and inflammatory damage, exhibits anti-tumoral activity in PCa cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, tumor growth and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess the role of HO-1 on the metabolic signature of PCa. After HO-1 pharmacological induction with hemin, PC3 and C4-2B cells exhibited a significantly impaired cellular metabolic rate, reflected by glucose uptake, ATP production, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and extracellular lactate levels. Further, we undertook a bioinformatics approach to assess the clinical significance of LDHA, LDHB and HMOX1 in PCa, identifying that high LDHA or low LDHB expression was associated with reduced relapse free survival (RFS). Interestingly, the shortest RFS was observed for PCa patients with low HMOX1 and high LDHA, while an improved prognosis was observed for those with high HMOX1 and LDHB. Thus, HO-1 induction causes a shift in the cellular metabolic profile of PCa, leading to a less aggressive phenotype of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cascardo
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Anselmino
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.A.); (E.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Alejandra Páez
- Unidad de Transferencia Genética, Instituto de Oncología “Dr. Angel H. Roffo”, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1417DTB, Argentina;
| | - Estefanía Labanca
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.A.); (E.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Pablo Sanchis
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Valeria Antico-Arciuch
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The David H. Koch Center for Applied Research of Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.A.); (E.L.); (N.N.)
| | - Geraldine Gueron
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Elba Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Javier Cotignola
- Laboratorio de Inflamación y Cáncer, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (F.C.); (P.S.); (V.A.-A.); (G.G.)
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
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S Allemailem K, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Aljaghwani A, M El-Kady A, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug-Loaded Nanoformulations. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3907-3936. [PMID: 34135584 PMCID: PMC8200140 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Any variation in normal cellular function results in mitochondrial dysregulation that occurs in several diseases, including cancer. Such processes as oxidative stress, metabolism, signaling, and biogenesis play significant roles in cancer initiation and progression. Due to their central role in cellular metabolism, mitochondria are favorable therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of conditions like neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Subcellular mitochondria-specific theranostic nanoformulations for simultaneous targeting, drug delivery, and imaging of these organelles are of immense interest in cancer therapy. It is a challenging task to cross multiple barriers to target mitochondria in diseased cells. To overcome these multiple barriers, several mitochondriotropic nanoformulations have been engineered for the transportation of mitochondria-specific drugs. These nanoformulations include liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and inorganic NPs. These nanoformulations are made mitochondriotropic by conjugating them with moieties like dequalinium, Mito-Porter, triphenylphosphonium, and Mitochondria-penetrating peptides. Most of these nanoformulations are meticulously tailored to control their size, charge, shape, mitochondriotropic drug loading, and specific cell-membrane interactions. Recently, some novel mitochondria-selective antitumor compounds known as mitocans have shown high toxicity against cancer cells. These selective compounds form vicious oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species cycles within cancer cells and ultimately push them to cell death. Nanoformulations approved by the FDA and EMA for clinical applications in cancer patients include Doxil, NK105, and Abraxane. The novel use of these NPs still faces tremendous challenges and an immense amount of research is needed to understand the proper mechanisms of cancer progression and control by these NPs. Here in this review, we summarize current advancements and novel strategies of delivering different anticancer therapeutic agents to mitochondria with the help of various nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel Aljaghwani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Ricci F, Corbelli A, Affatato R, Chilà R, Chiappa M, Brunelli L, Fruscio R, Pastorelli R, Fiordaliso F, Damia G. Mitochondrial structural alterations in ovarian cancer patient-derived xenografts resistant to cisplatin. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2303-2311. [PMID: 34094686 PMCID: PMC8167697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have attracted attention in cancer research as organelles associated with tumor development and response to therapy. We recently reported acquisition of resistance to cisplatin (DDP) associated with a metabolic rewiring in ovarian cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) models. DDP-resistant PDXs models were obtained mimicking the clinical setting, treating mice bearing sensitive-DDP tumors with multiple cycles of DDP until the development of resistance. To further characterize the metabolic rewiring, the present study focused on tumor mitochondria. We analysed by transmission electron microscopy the mitochondria structure in two models of DDP-resistant and the corresponding DDP-sensitive PDXs and evaluated tumor mDNA content, the expression of genes and proteins involved in mitochondria functionality, and mitochondria fitness-related processes, such as autophagy. We observed a decrease in the number of mitochondria paralleled by an increased volume in DDP-resistant versus DDP-sensitive PDXs. DDP-resistant PDXs presented a higher percentage of damaged mitochondria, in particular of type 2 (concave-shape), and type 3 (cristolysis) damage. We found no difference in the mDNA content, and the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis was similar between the sensitive and resistant PDXs. An upregulation of some genes involved in mitochondrial fitness in DDP-R versus DDP-S PDXs was observed. At protein level, no difference in the expression of proteins involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis, and in autophagy/mitophagy was found. We here reported that the acquisition of DDP resistance is associated with morphological alterations in mitochondria, even if we couldn't find any dysregulation in the studied genes/proteins that could explain the observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCSVia Mario Negri 2, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Unit of Bio-Imaging, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCSVia Mario Negri 2, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Roberta Affatato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCSVia Mario Negri 2, Milan 20156, Italy
- Present address: Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”-IRCCSVia M.Semmola, Naples 80132, Italy
| | - Rosaria Chilà
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCSVia Mario Negri 2, Milan 20156, Italy
- Present address: Laboratory of Genomics of Cancer and Targeted Therapies, IFOMvia Adamello 16, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Michela Chiappa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCSVia Mario Negri 2, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Laura Brunelli
- Unit of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCSVia Mario Negri 2, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, San Gerardo HospitalMonza 20900, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorelli
- Unit of Protein and Metabolite Biomarkers, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCSVia Mario Negri 2, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Unit of Bio-Imaging, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCSVia Mario Negri 2, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCSVia Mario Negri 2, Milan 20156, Italy
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Zeng Y, Shi Y, Xu L, Zeng Y, Cui X, Wang Y, Yang N, Zhou F, Zhou Y. Prognostic Value and Related Regulatory Networks of MRPL15 in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656172. [PMID: 34026630 PMCID: PMC8138120 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L15 (MRPL15), a member of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins whose abnormal expression is related to tumorigenesis. However, the prognostic value and regulatory mechanisms of MRPL15 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. Methods GEPIA, ONCOMINE, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier plotter, PrognoScan, LinkedOmics and GeneMANIA database were utilized to explore the expression and prognostic value of MRPL15 in NSCLC. Additionally, immune infiltration patterns were evaluated via ESTIMATE algorithm and TISIDB database. Furthermore, the expression and prognostic value of MRPL15 in lung cancer were validated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Results In NSCLC, multiple cohorts including GEPIA, ONCOMINE and 8 GEO series (GSE8569, GSE101929, GSE33532, GSE27262, GSE21933, GSE19804, GSE19188, GSE18842) described that MRPL15 was up-regulated. Moreover, MRPL15 was notably linked to gender, clinical stage, lymph node status and the TP53 mutation status. And patients with high MRPL15 expression showed poor overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) in NSCLC. Then, functional network analysis suggested that MRPL15 participated in metabolism-related pathways, DNA replication and cell cycle signaling via pathways involving several kinases, miRNAs and transcription factors. Additionally, it was found that MRPL15 expression was negatively related to immune infiltration, including immune scores, stromal scores and several tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Furthermore, IHC results further confirmed the high MRPL15 expression and its prognostic potential in lung cancer. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that high MRPL15 expression indicates poor prognosis in NSCLC and reveal potential regulatory networks as well as the negative relationship with immune infiltration. Thus, MRPL15 may be an attractive predictor and therapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulan Zeng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Knockdown of Gastrin Promotes Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells by Decreasing ROS Generation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5590037. [PMID: 33937399 PMCID: PMC8062189 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5590037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Overexpressed gastrin is reported to promote oncogenesis and development of gastric cancer by inhibiting apoptosis of cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our study is aimed at revealing the mechanism underlying the effect of gastrin on apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Gastrin-interfering cell line was constructed by stably transfecting gastrin-specific pshRNA plasmid to gastric cancer cell line BGC-823. Then, differentially expressed proteins between untreated BGC-823 and gastrin-interfering BGC-823 cell lines were detected by the iTRAQ technique. GO and KEGG analysis was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes that code these differentially expressed proteins. The Annexin V-FITC staining assay was used to detect gastric cancer cell apoptosis. The DCFH-DA fluorescent probe staining assay was used to measure intracellular ROS. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to analyze the mitochondria respiratory chain proteins and apoptosis-related proteins. A total of 107 differentially expressed proteins were identified by iTRAQ. GO and KEGG analysis showed that proteins coded by the corresponding differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain, and the expression of three proteins (COX17, COX5B, ATP5J) was upregulated. The three proteins with higher scores were verified by Western blot. The apoptosis rate of the gastrin knockdown cancer cell was significantly increased; meanwhile, gastrin knockdown leads to increase of membrane potential and decrease of intracellular ROS production. Additionally, Bax was significantly increased, whereas NF-κB-p65 and Bcl-2 were downregulated after knockdown of gastrin. Concomitantly, pretreatment with NAC reversed the effect of gastrin on the Bax and Bcl-2 expression. Gastrin promotes the production of ROS from mitochondria, activates NF-κB, and inhibits apoptosis via modulating the expression level of Bcl-2 and Bax.
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Gaidano V, Houshmand M, Vitale N, Carrà G, Morotti A, Tenace V, Rapelli S, Sainas S, Pippione AC, Giorgis M, Boschi D, Lolli ML, Cilloni D, Cignetti A, Saglio G, Circosta P. The Synergism between DHODH Inhibitors and Dipyridamole Leads to Metabolic Lethality in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1003. [PMID: 33670894 PMCID: PMC7957697 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (DHODH) is a key enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, whose inhibition can induce differentiation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). DHODH inhibitors had shown promising in vitro and in vivo activity on solid tumors, but their effectiveness was not confirmed in clinical trials, probably because cancer cells exploited the pyrimidine salvage pathway to survive. Here, we investigated the antileukemic activity of MEDS433, the DHODH inhibitor developed by our group, against AML. Learning from previous failures, we mimicked human conditions (performing experiments in the presence of physiological uridine plasma levels) and looked for synergic combinations to boost apoptosis, including classical antileukemic drugs and dipyridamole, a blocker of the pyrimidine salvage pathway. MEDS433 induced apoptosis in multiple AML cell lines, not only as a consequence of differentiation, but also directly. Its combination with antileukemic agents further increased the apoptotic rate, but when experiments were performed in the presence of physiological uridine concentrations, results were less impressive. Conversely, the combination of MEDS433 with dipyridamole induced metabolic lethality and differentiation in all AML cell lines; this extraordinary synergism was confirmed on AML primary cells with different genetic backgrounds and was unaffected by physiological uridine concentrations, predicting in human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gaidano
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.)
- Division of Hematology, A.O. SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mohammad Houshmand
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.)
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.)
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.)
| | - Valerio Tenace
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Stefania Rapelli
- Department of Life Sciences and System Biology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Stefano Sainas
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (A.C.P.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Agnese Chiara Pippione
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (A.C.P.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Marta Giorgis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (A.C.P.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (A.C.P.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Marco Lucio Lolli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.S.); (A.C.P.); (M.G.); (D.B.); (M.L.L.)
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.)
- University Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, University of Turin, 10128 Turin, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Cignetti
- University Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, University of Turin, 10128 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Saglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.)
- University Division of Hematology and Cell Therapy, A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, University of Turin, 10128 Turin, Italy;
| | - Paola Circosta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy; (M.H.); (G.C.); (A.M.); (D.C.); (G.S.); (P.C.)
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
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Vaupel P, Multhoff G. Revisiting the Warburg effect: historical dogma versus current understanding. J Physiol 2021; 599:1745-1757. [PMID: 33347611 DOI: 10.1113/jp278810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to Warburg's original thesis, accelerated aerobic glycolysis is not a primary, permanent and universal consequence of dysfunctional or impaired mitochondria compensating for poor ATP yield per mole of glucose. Instead, in most tumours the Warburg effect is an essential part of a 'selfish' metabolic reprogramming, which results from the interplay between (normoxic/hypoxic) hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) overexpression, oncogene activation (cMyc, Ras), loss of function of tumour suppressors (mutant p53, mutant phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), microRNAs and sirtuins with suppressor functions), activated (PI3K-Akt-mTORC1, Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK-cMyc, Jak-Stat3) or deactivated (LKB1-AMPK) signalling pathways, components of the tumour microenvironment, and HIF-1 cooperation with epigenetic mechanisms. Molecular and functional processes of the Warburg effect include: (a) considerable acceleration of glycolytic fluxes; (b) adequate ATP generation per unit time to maintain energy homeostasis and electrochemical gradients; (c) backup and diversion of glycolytic intermediates facilitating the biosynthesis of nucleotides, non-essential amino acids, lipids and hexosamines; (d) inhibition of pyruvate entry into mitochondria; (e) excessive formation and accumulation of lactate, which stimulates tumour growth and suppression of anti-tumour immunity - in addition, lactate can serve as an energy source for normoxic cancer cells and drives malignant progression and resistances to conventional therapies; (f) cytosolic lactate being mainly exported through upregulated lactate-proton symporters (MCT4), working together with other H+ transporters, and carbonic anhydrases (CAII, CAIX), which hydrate CO2 from oxidative metabolism to form H+ and bicarbonate; (g) these proton export mechanisms, in concert with poor vascular drainage, being responsible for extracellular acidification, driving malignant progression and resistance to conventional therapies; (h) maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation; and (i) HIF-1 overexpression, mutant p53 and mutant PTEN, which inhibit mitochondrial biogenesis and functions, negatively impacting cellular respiration rate. The glycolytic switch is an early event in oncogenesis and primarily supports cell survival. All in all, the Warburg effect, i.e. aerobic glycolysis in the presence of oxygen and - in principle - functioning mitochondria, constitutes a major driver of the cancer progression machinery, resistance to conventional therapies, and poor patient outcome. However, as evidenced during the last two decades, in a minority of tumours primary mitochondrial defects can play a key role promoting the Warburg effect and tumour progression due to mutations in some Krebs cycle enzymes and mitochondrial ROS overproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vaupel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tumour Pathophysiology Group, University Medical Centre, University of Mainz, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of RadioOncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Wu Q, Yan T, Chen Y, Chang J, Jiang Y, Zhu D, Wei Y. Integrated Analysis of Expression and Prognostic Values of Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase short-chain in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3631-3643. [PMID: 34790035 PMCID: PMC8579304 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.63953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short-chain (ACADS) is a crucial enzyme in the fatty acid metabolism pathway located in mitochondria. However, the expression level and prognostic value of ACADS in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Methods: The mRNA and protein expression data of ACADS was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), and Oncomine. Prognostic values of ACADS were calculated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Correlations between ACADS and immune infiltration were estimated using TIMER, CIBERSORT, EPIC, quanTIseq, and xCell. The UALCAN and MEXPRESS databases were utilized for Methylation analysis. The co-expression analysis based on mRNA expression and interaction network of ACADS were performed via several online tools. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis on ACADS co-expressed genes were performed using the Metascape. Results: The expression analysis demonstrated that ACADS was down-regulated in CRC tissues compared with paired normal tissue. Expression of ACADS was found to be significantly associated with clinical cancer stages and the consensus molecular subgroups (CMS) constituent ratio in CRC patients. Besides, lower ACADS expression was found to predict poor prognosis and be significantly associated with common immune checkpoint genes and MMR genes in CRC. ACADS expression levels were positively related to B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, M1 macrophages, neutrophils, and Tregs, while negatively correlated with M0 macrophages, M2 macrophages. The methylation level of ACADS in normal tissues was significantly higher than that in tumor tissues, and several methylation sites were identified. The enrichment analysis suggested the co-expressed genes mainly enriched in cell mitochondrial metabolism. Conclusions: The present study provided multilevel evidences for expression of ACADS in CRC and the function of ACADS in prognostic prediction, immune infiltration, and methylation. ACADS might have the potential as the novel biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yijiao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yudong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dexiang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ye Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Sarkar N, Das B, Bishayee A, Sinha D. Arsenal of Phytochemicals to Combat Against Arsenic-Induced Mitochondrial Stress and Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1230-1256. [PMID: 31813247 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Phytochemicals are important dietary constituents with antioxidant properties. They affect various signaling pathways involved in the overall maintenance of interior milieu of the cell. Arsenic, an environmental toxicant, is well known for its deleterious consequences, such as various diseases, including cancers in humans. Mitochondria are the cell's powerhouse that fuel all metabolic energy requirements. Dysfunctional mitochondria due to stressors may lead to abnormal functioning of the organelle, hampering the crucial cellular cross talks and ultimately leading to cancer. Application of phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial disorders may be a preventive measure to counteract the ruinous impacts of the metalloid. Recent Advances: In recent years, extensive research on the role of mitochondria in cancer gives a better understanding of the areas the organelle covers in maintaining a healthy cell or in inducing carcinogenicity. Detailed knowledge of the mitochondrial governances would enable researchers to administer numerous phytochemicals to ameliorate altered oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, glycolysis, or even apoptosis. Critical Issues: In this review, we have addressed how various phytochemicals belonging to diverse classes combat against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress, depletion of MMP, cell cycle abrogation, apoptosis, glycolytic damages, oncogenic regulations, chaperones, mitochondrial complexes, and mitochondrial membrane pore formation in both in vitro and in vivo models. Future Directions: Insightful application of mitoprotective phytochemicals against arsenic-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and carcinogenesis may guide researchers to develop preclinical chemopreventive agents to fight arsenic toxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Sarkar
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Bornita Das
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Dona Sinha
- Receptor Biology and Tumor Metastasis, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in modulating cancer cell metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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