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Wei W, Dong L, Ye J, Xiao Z. Current status and influencing factors of family resilience in families of children with epilepsy: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1354380. [PMID: 38516257 PMCID: PMC10954834 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1354380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The study was designed to describe the level of family resilience and identify the protective factors and vulnerability factors of family resilience in families of children with epilepsy. So as to provide theoretical guidance for implementing intervention programs to promote family resilience. Methods From November 2020 to July 2021, 258 parents of children with epilepsy were investigated using a convenience sampling method. The questionnaire included demographic data, Chinese-Family Resilience Assessment Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory. SPSS25.0 was used for descriptive statistical analysis, univariate analysis, and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results In this study, two hundred and fifty-eight primary caregivers completed the paper questionnaires. The total score of family resilience was (134.97 ± 16.57), which was above the medium level. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that subjective support (β=0.327, P<0.001), comorbidity (β=0.181, P<0.05), objective support (β=0.117, P<0.05), and parental depression (β=-0.158, P<0.05) were significantly related to family resilience. These variables contribute 31.7% of the variance in family resilience (F=18.07, P< 0.001). Conclusion The families of children with epilepsy presented appropriate resilience after the children were diagnosed with epilepsy. Family resilience was correlated with multiple factors, subjective and objective support could be protective factors, comorbidity and parental depression could be vulnerability factors of family resilience. Therefore, future psychosocial interventions could focus on enhancing subjective support and objective support, reducing parental depression, and screening for epilepsy comorbidity to promote the family resilience of children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wei
- Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lianlian Dong
- Nursing Department, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Ye
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhitian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Ren L, Wang Y, Jiang H, Chen M, Xia L, Dong C. Development of a theory-based family resilience intervention program for parents of children with chronic diseases: A Delphi study. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 74:41-50. [PMID: 37995476 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term illness exposes children with chronic diseases to a high risk of deterioration of physical and mental health. Developing an effective family resilience intervention program is a critical concern. OBJECTIVE To develop a theory-based family resilience intervention program for parents of children with chronic diseases and provide a reference for clinical intervention. METHODS A two-phased research design, guided by the Walsh family resilience process model, was employed to develop the intervention program. In phase 1, a scoping literature review was conducted to identify the possible elements of family resilience interventions. In phase 2, a three-round Delphi survey was conducted with experts (n = 14) using an online electronic survey to obtain their consensus on the intervention content. RESULTS Three main components were identified: (1) strengthening family beliefs, (2) adjusting the family organization pattern, and (3) improving the family communication process. And 8 modules were developed: "introducing adversity and family resilience", "finding and strengthening positive family beliefs, and building confidence to live with the disease", "analyzing and adjusting family structure", "assisting families to increase and utilizing internal and external resources", "optimizing communication skills", "strengthening collaborative problem-solving capacity", "enhancing the family narrative ability", and "enhancing emotional expression". After 3-round Delphi, the findings indicated that the intervention program is applicable and feasible for parents of children with chronic diseases in China. CONCLUSION The principal merit of this study lies in the development of a family resilience intervention program for parents of children with chronic diseases. The intervention's usability and efficacy should be investigated in future studies. IMPLICATIONS TO PRACTICE Developing a family resilience intervention program is a critical first step toward providing effective care for parents of children with chronic diseases, and evaluating the program's feasibility and suitability in the target population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ren
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meijia Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Xia
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Wheeler M, David AL, Kennedy J, Knight M. "I sort of never felt like I should be worried about it or that I could be worried about it'" an interpretative phenomenological analysis of perceived barriers to disclosure by young people with coeliac disease. Br J Health Psychol 2022; 27:1296-1313. [PMID: 35574996 PMCID: PMC9790695 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There has been little research in the United Kingdom regarding young people's experiences of disclosure of psychological difficulties relating to coeliac disease (CD) to others, particularly healthcare professionals. This study sought to address this systematically with a focus on the lived experiences of young people with CD. This study aimed to gain insight into how paediatric gastroenterology services could improve the patient experience for those with CD and support the identification of patients who may benefit from further psychological support. DESIGN This study used interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) of patient accounts. METHODS Seven young people with CD (aged 11-16 years) were recruited from a UK hospital paediatric gastroenterology service. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and verbatim transcripts were analysed using IPA to explore young people's experiences of CD and why they might feel able or unable to disclose psychological difficulties associated with their condition to clinicians. RESULTS Three superordinate themes were interpreted from the data. The first encapsulated experiences of adjusting to the diagnosis within a developmental context, including the role of adults in information provision and the importance of peer support. The second outlined experiences of managing perceived or actual stigma regarding others' perceptions of the condition and themselves. The third incorporated perceived barriers to disclosure relating to power, safety, and beliefs about the role of medical professionals. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of clinicians continually providing developmentally appropriate information to young people and actively breaking down barriers to disclosure through body language and the use of clear questions regarding emotional experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Wheeler
- The Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and ResearchThe Oxford Centre for Psychological Health, Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Annabel L. David
- Children’s Psychological MedicineOxford Children’s HospitalOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Juliet Kennedy
- Children’s Psychological MedicineOxford Children’s HospitalOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxfordUK
| | - Matthew Knight
- The Oxford Institute of Clinical Psychology Training and ResearchThe Oxford Centre for Psychological Health, Oxford Health NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Chow TS, Tang CSK, Siu TSU, Kwok HSH. Family Resilience Scale Short Form (FRS16): Validation in the US and Chinese Samples. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:845803. [PMID: 35633805 PMCID: PMC9136042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.845803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Family resilience, which refers to the processes through which a family adapts to and thrives from adversities, has growing importance in recent years. In response to the need for further research on family resilience, the present research aims to abbreviate and validate Sixbey's Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) into a 16-item version Family Resilience Scale Short Form in the US (FRS16) and Chinese (FRS16_C) samples. The samples included 1,236 (Study 1) and 1,135 (Study 2) participants from the US and China, respectively. Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the proposed three-factor structure of FRS16: Family Communication and Connectedness, Positive Framing, and External Support across two samples. Overall, the reliability and validity of full and subscales of FRS16 and FRS16_C were satisfactory. Multi-group CFA revealed that both configural and metric invariance are supported, suggesting that participants in the US and Chinese samples assign comparable meaning to the latent factors of FRS16. Results suggested that FRS16 and FRS16_C are valid instruments for family resilience in the US and Chinese samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Sang Chow
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Wan Chow Yuk Fan Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practice and Research, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Catherine So Kum Tang
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Wan Chow Yuk Fan Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practice and Research, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tiffany Sok U Siu
- Wan Chow Yuk Fan Centre for Interdisciplinary Evidence-based Practice and Research, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Helen Sin Hang Kwok
- Department of Counselling and Psychology, Hong Kong Shue Yan University, North Point, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Dong C, Wu Q, Pan Y, Yan Q, Xu R, Zhang R. Family Resilience and Its Association with Psychosocial Adjustment of Children with Chronic Illness: A Latent Profile Analysis. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 60:e6-e12. [PMID: 33622641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of family resilience in a sample of Chinese families with children diagnosed with chronic illness using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). In particular, we examined the association of family resilience profiles with the psychosocial adjustment of children, and identified the socio-demographic correlates of these latent profiles. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at comprehensive hospitals and children hospitals in three cities (Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou) of Zhejiang province, China. Parents (n = 277) of children diagnosed with a chronic illness completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Chinese version of the family resilience assessment scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS A three-class solution was found to demonstrate the best fit [low family resilience (74.7%), moderate family resilience (14.1%), and high family resilience (11.2%)]. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between the three groups with respect to peer relationship problems and pro-social behaviors of children. On multinomial logistic regression analysis, the type of childhood chronic disease, time since diagnosis, family monthly income, medical insurance, and parents employment status significantly predicted the profile membership. CONCLUSION Inadequate family resilience was found to be a common phenomenon in families with children affected by chronic illness. Family resilience profiles were associated with psychological adjustment of children. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Our findings may help inform tailored family-strength based interventions to promote better psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Qianhui Wu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yinzhu Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qiaoyi Yan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ru Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ruikang Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
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Kim E, Lee YM, Riesche L. Factors affecting depression in high school students with chronic illness: A nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2020; 34:164-168. [PMID: 32513467 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic illnesses have been associated with poor mental health and depression. Given the fact that a large number of adolescents are suffering from chronic illnesses in South Korea, it is important to identify factors that contribute to depression in this population so that appropriate interventions can be developed. In order to achieve this aim, a large-scale, nationwide, cross-sectional study was performed. The study used data obtained from the 2016 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey which included first-year high school students diagnosed with one or more of the following chronic illnesses: asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, obesity, heart disease, and diabetes. A multiple regression analysis revealed that female, poor school adjustment, social withdrawal, low subjective health status, low self-esteem, and a shorter duration of exercise during physical education classes were significant predictors of depression. Thus, depression in adolescents with chronic illness seems to be closely linked to social, physical, and academic factors. These findings may aid the development of appropriate intervention programs that specifically target these factors for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunGyeong Kim
- Department of Nursing, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, South Korea.
| | - Young-Me Lee
- School of Nursing, DePaul University, 990 W. Fullerton Ave, Chicago, IL 60640, United States of America.
| | - Laren Riesche
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 418 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States of America
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Xavier DM, Gomes GC, Cezar-Vaz MR. Meanings assigned by families about children's chronic disease diagnosis. Rev Bras Enferm 2020; 73:e20180742. [PMID: 32236375 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to understand the meanings assigned by family caregivers about children's chronic disease diagnosis. METHODS qualitative study, which used as theoretical framework the Symbolic Interactionism, and methodological, the Grounded Theory. It was held in a pediatric unit in Southern Brazil, in 2016, through interviews submitted to open and axial analysis, with the participation of 20 family caregivers of hospitalized children. RESULTS relatives, interacting with the nursing/health staff, perceive children's disease at birth. They are diagnosed with chronic disease by the physician and deny it. Subsequently, they accept and seek information on care. CONCLUSIONS the results pointed out the stages that relatives experience by assigning meanings to about children's chronic disease diagnosis. These meanings provide subsidies for nurses' actions, which need to be aware of children's and family's needs in order to offer comprehensive and humanized care.
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Examination of Transition Readiness, Medication Adherence, and Resilience in Pediatric Chronic Illness Populations: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17061905. [PMID: 32183424 PMCID: PMC7143324 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17061905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the relationship between resilience, adherence, and transition readiness in adolescents/young adults with chronic illness. Participants included 50 patients (Mean age, Mage = 17.3 ± 2.1 years) diagnosed with an oncology disorder (n = 7; 12.1%), hematology disorder (n = 5; 8.6%), nephrology disorder (n = 31; 53.4%), or rheumatology disorder (n = 7; 12.1%). Patients were administered questionnaires assessing resilience (Conner–Davidson Resilience Scale 25-item questionnaire, CD-RISC-25), transition readiness (Self-Management and Transition to Adulthood with Rx=Treatment, STARx), and self-reported medication adherence (Medication Adherence Module, MAM). Medical chart reviews were conducted to determine objective medication adherence rates based on pharmacy refill history (medication adherence ratios). A multivariate correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between resilience, transition readiness, and adherence. There was a moderate relationship (r = 0.34, p ≤ 0.05) between resilience (M = 74.67 ± 13.95) and transition readiness (M = 67.55 ± 8.20), such that more resilient patients reported increased readiness to transition to adult care. There also was a strong relationship (r = 0.80, p ≤ 0.01) between self-reported medication adherence (M = 86.27% ± 15.98) and pharmacy refill history (Mean Medication Adherence Ratio, MMAR = 0.75 ± 0.27), which indicated that self-reported adherence was consistent with prescription refill history across pediatric illness cohorts. Our findings underscore the importance of assessing resilience, transition readiness, and adherence years before transitioning pediatric patients to adult providers to ensure an easier transition to adult care.
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Bradshaw S, Bem D, Shaw K, Taylor B, Chiswell C, Salama M, Bassett E, Kaur G, Cummins C. Improving health, wellbeing and parenting skills in parents of children with special health care needs and medical complexity - a scoping review. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:301. [PMID: 31470820 PMCID: PMC6716943 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parenting children with special health care needs can be challenging particularly if children have complex conditions. Parents may struggle to manage their child’s health and their own emotions, contributing to poorer health outcomes for the family. Frequent healthcare contact presents opportunities to intervene, but current evidence review is limited. This review scopes and synthesizes interventions to improve health, wellbeing and parenting skills. Methods Using formal scoping review methodology MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, ERIC, ASSIA, HMIC and OpenGrey were searched to February 2017. Citations were double screened according to predetermined eligibility criteria. Data were extracted and synthesized on study design, population, measurement tools, and results. Results Sixty-five studies from 10,154 citations were included spanning parenting programs, other parent behavior change interventions, peer support, support for hospital admission and discharge and others. Interventions for parents of children with a wide range of conditions were included. These targeted a broad selection of parent outcomes, delivered by a wide variety of professionals and lay workers. Most studies reported positive outcomes. No serious adverse events were noted but issues identified included group and peer relationship dynamics, timing of interventions in relation to the child’s disease trajectory, the possibility of expectations not fulfilled, and parent’s support needs following intervention. Children with medical complexity were not identified explicitly in any studies. Conclusions The range of interventions identified in this review confirms that parents have significant and diverse support needs, and are likely to benefit from a number of interventions targeting specific issues and outcomes across their child’s condition trajectory. There is much scope for these to be provided within existing multi-disciplinary teams during routine health care contacts. Careful tailoring is needed to ensure interventions are both feasible for delivery within routine care settings and relevant and accessible for parents of children across the complexity spectrum. Further review of the existing literature is needed to quantify the benefits for parents and assess the quality of the evidence. Further development of interventions to address issues that are relevant and meaningful to parents is needed to maximize intervention effectiveness in this context. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-019-1648-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Bradshaw
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Murray Learning Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Danai Bem
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Murray Learning Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karen Shaw
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Murray Learning Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Beck Taylor
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Murray Learning Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher Chiswell
- Birmingham Women and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Mary Salama
- Birmingham Women and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Eve Bassett
- Birmingham Women and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Geetinder Kaur
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Murray Learning Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carole Cummins
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Murray Learning Centre, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Candlish J, Teare MD, Cohen J, Bywater T. Statistical design and analysis in trials of proportionate interventions: a systematic review. Trials 2019; 20:151. [PMID: 30819224 PMCID: PMC6396459 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In proportionate or adaptive interventions, the dose or intensity can be adjusted based on individual need at predefined decision stages during the delivery of the intervention. The development of such interventions may require an evaluation of the effectiveness of the individual stages in addition to the whole intervention. However, evaluating individual stages of an intervention has various challenges, particularly the statistical design and analysis. This review aimed to identify the use of trials of proportionate interventions and how they are being designed and analysed in current practice. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science and PsycINFO for articles published between 2010 and 2015 inclusive. We considered trials of proportionate interventions in all fields of research. For each trial, its aims, design and analysis were extracted. The data synthesis was conducted using summary statistics and a narrative format. RESULTS Our review identified 44 proportionate intervention trials, comprising 28 trial results, 13 protocols and three secondary analyses. These were mostly described as stepped care (n=37) and mainly focussed on mental health research (n=30). The other studies were aimed at finding an optimal adaptive treatment strategy (n=7) in a variety of therapeutic areas. Further terminology used included adaptive intervention, staged intervention, sequentially multiple assignment trial or a two-phase design. The median number of decision stages in the interventions was two and only one study explicitly evaluated the effect of the individual stages. CONCLUSIONS Trials of proportionate staged interventions are being used predominantly within the mental health field. However, few studies consider the different stages of the interventions, either at the design or the analysis phase, and how they may interact with one another. There is a need for further guidance on the design, analyses and reporting across trials of proportionate interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospero, CRD42016033781. Registered on 2 February 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Candlish
- ScHARR, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Court, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
| | - M Dawn Teare
- ScHARR, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Court, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - Judith Cohen
- ScHARR, University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Court, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
- Hull Health Trials Unit, University of Hull/Hull York Medical School, York, UK
| | - Tracey Bywater
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Area 2, Seebohm, Rowntree Building, York, Y010 5DD, UK
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Hilliard ME, Tully C, Monaghan M, Wang J, Streisand R. Design and development of a stepped-care behavioral intervention to support parents of young children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 62:1-10. [PMID: 28821468 PMCID: PMC5641251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common chronic conditions of childhood, the prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in young children is increasing. Early childhood development complicates optimal T1D management and glycemic outcomes. Parents are at risk for elevated psychological distress, especially immediately following diagnosis. Few empirically supported interventions are available to support parents and promote optimal T1D management during this vulnerable period. This paper reports on the development and study design of First STEPS: Study of Type 1 in Early childhood and Parenting Support. The aim of this trial is to evaluate the efficacy of a stepped care behavioral intervention for parents of young children over the first year following a new T1D diagnosis. The stepped care design provides participants with up to three intensity levels, or steps, of clinical behavioral intervention support based on need, compared to usual care. Intervention steps include peer parent coaching, telephone-based behavioral support, personalized psychological assessment and recommendations, and intensive assessment of T1D glycemic management with recommendations. Primary outcomes include children's glycemic control and parents' psychosocial functioning. Secondary outcomes include children's behavioral and psychosocial functioning. Exploratory analyses will evaluate demographic, disease-specific, and psychosocial factors related to progression in and response to each step of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E Hilliard
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carrie Tully
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Maureen Monaghan
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States; George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States; George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Randi Streisand
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States; George Washington University, School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States.
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Ahn JA, Lee S. Peer Attachment, Perceived Parenting Style, Self-concept, and School Adjustments in Adolescents with Chronic Illness. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2016; 10:300-304. [PMID: 28057318 DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify how peer attachment and parenting style differentially affect self-concept and school adjustment in adolescents with and without chronic illness. METHODS A cross-sectional study using multiple group analysis on the Korean panel data was used. A nationwide stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used and the survey was conducted in 2013 on 2,092 first-year middle school students in Korea. We used standardized instruments by the National Youth Policy Institute to measure peer attachment, parenting style, self-concept, and school adjustment. Multiple-group structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the difference of relations for peer attachment, parenting style, self-concept, and school adjustment variable between adolescents with chronic illness and those without chronic illness. RESULTS The model fit of a multiple-group structural equation modeling was good. The difference of the path from negative parenting style to self-concept between the two groups was significant, and a significant between-group difference in the overall path was found. This indicated that self-concept in adolescents with chronic illness was more negatively affected by negative parenting style than in adolescents without chronic illness. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers can promote the process of school adjustment in several ways, such as discussing this issue directly with adolescent patients, along with their parents and peers, examining how the organization and content of the treatment can be modified according to the adolescents' school life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ah Ahn
- College of Nursing, Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sunhee Lee
- College of Nursing, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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