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Jahncke JN, Wright KM. Tools for Cre-mediated conditional deletion of floxed alleles from developing cerebellar Purkinje cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.28.587263. [PMID: 38585758 PMCID: PMC10996677 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.28.587263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The Cre-lox system is an indispensable tool in neuroscience research for targeting gene deletions to specific cellular populations. Here we assess the utility of several transgenic Cre lines, along with a viral approach, for targeting cerebellar Purkinje cells. Using a combination of a fluorescent reporter line (Ai14) to indicate Cre-mediated recombination and a floxed Dystroglycan line (Dag1flox) we show that reporter expression does not always align precisely with loss of protein. The commonly used Pcp2Cre line exhibits a gradual mosaic pattern of Cre recombination in Purkinje cells from P7-P14, while loss of Dag1 protein is not complete until P30. Ptf1aCre drives recombination in precursor cells that give rise to GABAergic neurons in the embryonic cerebellum, including Purkinje cells and molecular layer interneurons. However, due to its transient expression in precursors, Ptf1aCre results in stochastic loss of Dag1 protein in these neurons. NestinCre, which is often described as a "pan-neuronal" Cre line for the central nervous system, does not drive Cre-mediated recombination in Purkinje cells. We identify a Calb1Cre line that drives efficient and complete recombination in embryonic Purkinje cells, resulting in loss of Dag1 protein before the period of synaptogenesis. AAV8-mediated delivery of Cre at P0 results in gradual transduction of Purkinje cells during the second postnatal week, with loss of Dag1 protein not reaching appreciable levels until P35. These results characterize several tools for targeting conditional deletions in cerebellar Purkinje cells at different developmental stages and illustrate the importance of validating the loss of protein following recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Jahncke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kevin M. Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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2
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Jahncke JN, Miller DS, Krush M, Schnell E, Wright KM. Inhibitory CCK+ basket synapse defects in mouse models of dystroglycanopathy. eLife 2024; 12:RP87965. [PMID: 38179984 PMCID: PMC10942650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (Dag1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that links the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations in Dag1 or the genes required for its glycosylation result in dystroglycanopathy, a type of congenital muscular dystrophy characterized by a wide range of phenotypes including muscle weakness, brain defects, and cognitive impairment. We investigated interneuron (IN) development, synaptic function, and associated seizure susceptibility in multiple mouse models that reflect the wide phenotypic range of dystroglycanopathy neuropathology. Mice that model severe dystroglycanopathy due to forebrain deletion of Dag1 or Pomt2, which is required for Dystroglycan glycosylation, show significant impairment of CCK+/CB1R+ IN development. CCK+/CB1R+ IN axons failed to properly target the somatodendritic compartment of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, resulting in synaptic defects and increased seizure susceptibility. Mice lacking the intracellular domain of Dystroglycan have milder defects in CCK+/CB1R+ IN axon targeting, but exhibit dramatic changes in inhibitory synaptic function, indicating a critical postsynaptic role of this domain. In contrast, CCK+/CB1R+ IN synaptic function and seizure susceptibility was normal in mice that model mild dystroglycanopathy due to partially reduced Dystroglycan glycosylation. Collectively, these data show that inhibitory synaptic defects and elevated seizure susceptibility are hallmarks of severe dystroglycanopathy, and show that Dystroglycan plays an important role in organizing functional inhibitory synapse assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Jahncke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Daniel S Miller
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Milana Krush
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Eric Schnell
- Operative Care Division, Portland VA Health Care SystemPortlandUnited States
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandUnited States
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3
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Polenghi M, Taverna E. Intracellular traffic and polarity in brain development. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1172016. [PMID: 37859764 PMCID: PMC10583573 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1172016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons forming the human brain are generated during embryonic development by neural stem and progenitor cells via a process called neurogenesis. A crucial feature contributing to neural stem cell morphological and functional heterogeneity is cell polarity, defined as asymmetric distribution of cellular components. Cell polarity is built and maintained thanks to the interplay between polarity proteins and polarity-generating organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus (GA). ER and GA affect the distribution of membrane components and work as a hub where glycans are added to nascent proteins and lipids. In the last decades our knowledge on the role of polarity in neural stem and progenitor cells have increased tremendously. However, the role of traffic and associated glycosylation in neural stem and progenitor cells is still relatively underexplored. In this review, we discuss the link between cell polarity, architecture, identity and intracellular traffic, and highlight how studies on neurons have shaped our knowledge and conceptual framework on traffic and polarity. We will then conclude by discussing how a group of rare diseases, called congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) offers the unique opportunity to study the contribution of traffic and glycosylation in the context of neurodevelopment.
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Rac-deficient cerebellar granule neurons die before they migrate to the internal granule layer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14848. [PMID: 36050459 PMCID: PMC9436960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Granule neurons are the most common cell type in the cerebellum. They are generated in the external granule layer and migrate inwardly, forming the internal granule layer. Small Rho GTPases play various roles during development of the nervous system and may be involved in generation, differentiation and migration of granule neurons. We deleted Rac1, a member of small Rho GTPases, by GFAP-Cre driver in cerebellar granule neurons and Bergmann glial cells. Rac1flox/flox; Cre mice showed impaired migration and slight reduction in the number of granule neurons in the internal granule layer. Deletion of both Rac1 and Rac3 resulted in almost complete absence of granule neurons. Rac-deficient granule neurons differentiated into p27 and NeuN-expressing post mitotic neurons, but died before migration to the internal granule layer. Loss of Rac3 has little effect on granule neuron development. Rac1flox/flox; Rac3+/−; Cre mice showed intermediate phenotype between Rac1flox/flox; Cre and Rac1flox/flox; Rac3−/−; Cre mice in both survival and migration of granule neurons. Rac3 itself seems to be unimportant in the development of the cerebellum, but has some roles in Rac1-deleted granule neurons. Conversely, overall morphology of Rac1+/flox; Rac3−/−; Cre cerebella was normal. One allele of Rac1 is therefore thought to be sufficient to promote development of cerebellar granule neurons.
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Taniguchi-Ikeda M, Koyanagi-Aoi M, Maruyama T, Takaori T, Hosoya A, Tezuka H, Nagase S, Ishihara T, Kadoshima T, Muguruma K, Ishigaki K, Sakurai H, Mizoguchi A, Novitch BG, Toda T, Watanabe M, Aoi T. Restoration of the defect in radial glial fiber migration and cortical plate organization in a brain organoid model of Fukuyama muscular dystrophy. iScience 2021; 24:103140. [PMID: 34632335 PMCID: PMC8487058 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) is a severe, intractable genetic disease that affects the skeletal muscle, eyes, and brain and is attributed to a defect in alpha dystroglycan (αDG) O-mannosyl glycosylation. We previously established disease models of FCMD; however, they did not fully recapitulate the phenotypes observed in human patients. In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a human FCMD patient and differentiated these cells into three-dimensional brain organoids and skeletal muscle. The brain organoids successfully mimicked patient phenotypes not reliably reproduced by existing models, including decreased αDG glycosylation and abnormal radial glial (RG) fiber migration. The basic polycyclic compound Mannan-007 (Mn007) restored αDG glycosylation in the brain and muscle models tested and partially rescued the abnormal RG fiber migration observed in cortical organoids. Therefore, our study underscores the importance of αDG O-mannosyl glycans for normal RG fiber architecture and proper neuronal migration in corticogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Taniguchi-Ikeda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fujita Health University Hospital, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-chou, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Michiyo Koyanagi-Aoi
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Maruyama
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Takaori
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akiko Hosoya
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | | | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | - Keiko Muguruma
- Laboratory for Cell Asymmetry, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Keiko Ishigaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Bennett G. Novitch
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Momoko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Takashi Aoi
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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6
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Munot P, McCrea N, Torelli S, Manzur A, Sewry C, Chambers D, Feng L, Ala P, Zaharieva I, Ragge N, Roper H, Marton T, Cox P, Milev MP, Liang WC, Maruyama S, Nishino I, Sacher M, Phadke R, Muntoni F. TRAPPC11-related muscular dystrophy with hypoglycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan in skeletal muscle and brain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12771. [PMID: 34648194 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS TRAPPC11, a subunit of the transport protein particle (TRAPP) complex, is important for complex integrity and anterograde membrane transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment. Several individuals with TRAPPC11 mutations have been reported with muscle weakness and other features including brain, liver, skeletal and eye involvement. A detailed analysis of brain and muscle pathology will further our understanding of the presentation and aetiology of TRAPPC11 disease. METHODS We describe five cases of early-onset TRAPPC11-related muscular dystrophy with a systematic review of muscle pathology in all five individuals, post-mortem brain pathology findings in one and membrane trafficking assays in another. RESULTS All affected individuals presented in infancy with muscle weakness, motor delay and elevated serum creatine kinase (CK). Additional features included cataracts, liver disease, intellectual disability, cardiomyopathy, movement disorder and structural brain abnormalities. Muscle pathology in all five revealed dystrophic changes, universal hypoglycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan and variably reduced dystrophin-associated complex proteins. Membrane trafficking assays showed defective Golgi trafficking in one individual. Neuropathological examination of one individual revealed cerebellar atrophy, granule cell hypoplasia, Purkinje cell (PC) loss, degeneration and dendrite dystrophy, reduced alpha-dystroglycan (IIH6) expression in PC and dentate neurones and absence of neuronal migration defects. CONCLUSIONS This report suggests that recessive mutations in TRAPPC11 are linked to muscular dystrophies with hypoglycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan. The structural cerebellar involvement that we document for the first time resembles the neuropathology reported in N-linked congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) such as PMM2-CDG, suggesting defects in multiple glycosylation pathways in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinki Munot
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nadine McCrea
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Silvia Torelli
- UCL, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Adnan Manzur
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Caroline Sewry
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Darren Chambers
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Lucy Feng
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Pierpaolo Ala
- UCL, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Irina Zaharieva
- UCL, Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Nicola Ragge
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Hospital Trust, West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen Roper
- Department of Paediatrics, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tamas Marton
- Department of Histopathology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Phil Cox
- Department of Histopathology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Miroslav P Milev
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wen-Chen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shinsuke Maruyama
- Department of Paediatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Michael Sacher
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rahul Phadke
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Division of Neuropathology, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Division of Neuropathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
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7
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Nayler S, Agarwal D, Curion F, Bowden R, Becker EBE. High-resolution transcriptional landscape of xeno-free human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cerebellar organoids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12959. [PMID: 34155230 PMCID: PMC8217544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current protocols for producing cerebellar neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) often rely on animal co-culture and mostly exist as monolayers, limiting their capability to recapitulate the complex processes in the developing cerebellum. Here, we employed a robust method, without the need for mouse co-culture to generate three-dimensional cerebellar organoids from hPSCs that display hallmarks of in vivo cerebellar development. Single-cell profiling followed by comparison to human and mouse cerebellar atlases revealed the presence and maturity of transcriptionally distinct populations encompassing major cerebellar cell types. Encapsulation with Matrigel aimed to provide more physiologically-relevant conditions through recapitulation of basement-membrane signalling, influenced both growth dynamics and cellular composition of the organoids, altering developmentally relevant gene expression programmes. We identified enrichment of cerebellar disease genes in distinct cell populations in the hPSC-derived cerebellar organoids. These findings ascertain xeno-free human cerebellar organoids as a unique model to gain insight into cerebellar development and its associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Nayler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Devika Agarwal
- Weatherall Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Fabiola Curion
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Bowden
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Esther B E Becker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom.
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8
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Jayakody H, Zarei S, Nguyen H, Dalton J, Chen K, Hudgins L, Day J, Withrow K, Pandya A, Teasley J, Dobyns WB, Mathews KD, Moore SA. Cobblestone Malformation in LAMA2 Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (MDC1A). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:998-1010. [PMID: 32827036 PMCID: PMC7445049 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A) is caused by recessive variants in laminin α2 (LAMA2). Patients have been found to have white matter signal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) but rarely structural brain abnormalities. We describe the autopsy neuropathology in a 17-year-old with white matter signal abnormalities on brain MRI. Dystrophic pathology was observed in skeletal muscle, and the sural nerve manifested a mild degree of segmental demyelination and remyelination. A diffuse, bilateral cobblestone appearance, and numerous points of fusion between adjacent gyri were apparent on gross examination of the cerebrum. Brain histopathology included focal disruptions of the glia limitans associated with abnormal cerebral cortical lamination or arrested cerebellar granule cell migration. Subcortical nodular heterotopia was present within the cerebellar hemispheres. Sampling of the centrum semiovale revealed no light microscopic evidence of leukoencephalopathy. Three additional MDC1A patients were diagnosed with cobblestone malformation on brain MRI. Unlike the autopsied patient whose brain had a symmetric distribution of cobblestone pathology, the latter patients had asymmetric involvement, most severe in the occipital lobes. These cases demonstrate that cobblestone malformation may be an important manifestation of the brain pathology in MDC1A and can be present even when patients have a structurally normal brain MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himali Jayakody
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sanam Zarei
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joline Dalton
- The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kelly Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | | | - John Day
- The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kara Withrow
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arti Pandya
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jean Teasley
- Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katherine D Mathews
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Steven A Moore
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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9
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Yatsenko AS, Kucherenko MM, Xie Y, Urlaub H, Shcherbata HR. Exocyst-mediated membrane trafficking of the lissencephaly-associated ECM receptor dystroglycan is required for proper brain compartmentalization. eLife 2021; 10:63868. [PMID: 33620318 PMCID: PMC7929561 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To assemble a brain, differentiating neurons must make proper connections and establish specialized brain compartments. Abnormal levels of cell adhesion molecules disrupt these processes. Dystroglycan (Dg) is a major non-integrin cell adhesion receptor, deregulation of which is associated with dramatic neuroanatomical defects such as lissencephaly type II or cobblestone brain. The previously established Drosophila model for cobblestone lissencephaly was used to understand how Dg is regulated in the brain. During development, Dg has a spatiotemporally dynamic expression pattern, fine-tuning of which is crucial for accurate brain assembly. In addition, mass spectrometry analyses identified numerous components associated with Dg in neurons, including several proteins of the exocyst complex. Data show that exocyst-based membrane trafficking of Dg allows its distinct expression pattern, essential for proper brain morphogenesis. Further studies of the Dg neuronal interactome will allow identification of new factors involved in the development of dystroglycanopathies and advance disease diagnostics in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy S Yatsenko
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mariya M Kucherenko
- Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuanbin Xie
- Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Göttingen, Bioanalytics, Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Halyna R Shcherbata
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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10
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Caramello A, Galichet C, Rizzoti K, Lovell-Badge R. Dentate gyrus development requires a cortical hem-derived astrocytic scaffold. eLife 2021; 10:63904. [PMID: 33393905 PMCID: PMC7806271 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, radial glial cells give rise to neurons, then to astrocytes following the gliogenic switch. Timely regulation of the switch, operated by several transcription factors, is fundamental for allowing coordinated interactions between neurons and glia. We deleted the gene for one such factor, SOX9, early during mouse brain development and observed a significantly compromised dentate gyrus (DG). We dissected the origin of the defect, targeting embryonic Sox9 deletion to either the DG neuronal progenitor domain or the adjacent cortical hem (CH). We identified in the latter previously uncharacterized ALDH1L1+ astrocytic progenitors, which form a fimbrial-specific glial scaffold necessary for neuronal progenitor migration toward the developing DG. Our results highlight an early crucial role of SOX9 for DG development through regulation of astroglial potential acquisition in the CH. Moreover, we illustrate how formation of a local network, amidst astrocytic and neuronal progenitors originating from adjacent domains, underlays brain morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Caramello
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Galichet
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Karine Rizzoti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Lovell-Badge
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Genetics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Zhang G, Ma P, Wan S, Xu J, Yang M, Qiu G, Zhuo F, Xu S, Huo J, Ju Y, Liu H. Dystroglycan is involved in the activation of ERK pathway inducing the change of AQP4 expression in scratch-injured astrocytes. Brain Res 2019; 1721:146347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Cuoco JA, Esposito AW, Moriarty S, Tang Y, Seth S, Toia AR, Kampton EB, Mayr Y, Khan M, Khan MB, Mullen BR, Ackman JB, Siddiqi F, Wolfe JH, Savinova OV, Ramos RL. Malformation of the Posterior Cerebellar Vermis Is a Common Neuroanatomical Phenotype of Genetically Engineered Mice on the C57BL/6 Background. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 17:173-190. [PMID: 29043563 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-017-0892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice exhibit spontaneous cerebellar malformations consisting of heterotopic neurons and glia in the molecular layer of the posterior vermis, indicative of neuronal migration defect during cerebellar development. Recognizing that many genetically engineered (GE) mouse lines are produced from C57BL/6 ES cells or backcrossed to this strain, we performed histological analyses and found that cerebellar heterotopia were a common feature present in the majority of GE lines on this background. Furthermore, we identify GE mouse lines that will be valuable in the study of cerebellar malformations including diverse driver, reporter, and optogenetic lines. Finally, we discuss the implications that these data have on the use of C57BL/6 mice and GE mice on this background in studies of cerebellar development or as models of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Cuoco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Anthony W Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Shannon Moriarty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Sonika Seth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Alyssa R Toia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Elias B Kampton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Yevgeniy Mayr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Mussarah Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Mohammad B Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Brian R Mullen
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - James B Ackman
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Faez Siddiqi
- Division of Neurology and Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John H Wolfe
- Division of Neurology and Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine and W.F. Goodman Center for Comparative Medical Genetics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Olga V Savinova
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA
| | - Raddy L Ramos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Northern Boulevard, PO Box 8000, Old Westbury, NY, 11568-8000, USA.
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13
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Lindenmaier LB, Parmentier N, Guo C, Tissir F, Wright KM. Dystroglycan is a scaffold for extracellular axon guidance decisions. eLife 2019; 8:42143. [PMID: 30758284 PMCID: PMC6395066 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon guidance requires interactions between extracellular signaling molecules and transmembrane receptors, but how appropriate context-dependent decisions are coordinated outside the cell remains unclear. Here we show that the transmembrane glycoprotein Dystroglycan interacts with a changing set of environmental cues that regulate the trajectories of extending axons throughout the mammalian brain and spinal cord. Dystroglycan operates primarily as an extracellular scaffold during axon guidance, as it functions non-cell autonomously and does not require signaling through its intracellular domain. We identify the transmembrane receptor Celsr3/Adgrc3 as a binding partner for Dystroglycan, and show that this interaction is critical for specific axon guidance events in vivo. These findings establish Dystroglycan as a multifunctional scaffold that coordinates extracellular matrix proteins, secreted cues, and transmembrane receptors to regulate axon guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Parmentier
- Institiute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caiying Guo
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Institiute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin M Wright
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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14
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Sudo A, Kanagawa M, Kondo M, Ito C, Kobayashi K, Endo M, Minami Y, Aiba A, Toda T. Temporal requirement of dystroglycan glycosylation during brain development and rescue of severe cortical dysplasia via gene delivery in the fetal stage. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:1174-1185. [PMID: 29360985 PMCID: PMC6159531 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscle. In several forms of CMD, abnormal glycosylation of α-dystroglycan (α-DG) results in conditions collectively known as dystroglycanopathies, which are associated with central nervous system involvement. We recently demonstrated that fukutin, the gene responsible for Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, encodes the ribitol-phosphate transferase essential for dystroglycan function. Brain pathology in patients with dystroglycanopathy typically includes cobblestone lissencephaly, mental retardation, and refractory epilepsy; however, some patients exhibit average intelligence, with few or almost no structural defects. Currently, there is no effective treatment for dystroglycanopathy, and the mechanisms underlying the generation of this broad clinical spectrum remain unknown. Here, we analysed four distinct mouse models of dystroglycanopathy: two brain-selective fukutin conditional knockout strains (neuronal stem cell-selective Nestin-fukutin-cKO and forebrain-selective Emx1-fukutin-cKO), a FukutinHp strain with the founder retrotransposal insertion in the fukutin gene, and a spontaneous Large-mutant Largemyd strain. These models exhibit variations in the severity of brain pathology, replicating the clinical heterogeneity of dystroglycanopathy. Immunofluorescence analysis of the developing cortex suggested that residual glycosylation of α-DG at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), when cortical dysplasia is not yet apparent, may contribute to subsequent phenotypic heterogeneity. Surprisingly, delivery of fukutin or Large into the brains of mice at E12.5 prevented severe brain malformation in Emx1-fukutin-cKO and Largemyd/myd mice, respectively. These findings indicate that spatiotemporal persistence of functionally glycosylated α-DG may be crucial for brain development and modulation of glycosylation during the fetal stage could be a potential therapeutic strategy for dystroglycanopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sudo
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Motoi Kanagawa
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mai Kondo
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Chiyomi Ito
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Endo
- Division of Cell Physiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Minami
- Division of Cell Physiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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15
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Nickolls AR, Bönnemann CG. The roles of dystroglycan in the nervous system: insights from animal models of muscular dystrophy. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:11/12/dmm035931. [PMID: 30578246 PMCID: PMC6307911 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan is a cell membrane protein that binds to the extracellular matrix in a variety of mammalian tissues. The α-subunit of dystroglycan (αDG) is heavily glycosylated, including a special O-mannosyl glycoepitope, relying upon this unique glycosylation to bind its matrix ligands. A distinct group of muscular dystrophies results from specific hypoglycosylation of αDG, and they are frequently associated with central nervous system involvement, ranging from profound brain malformation to intellectual disability without evident morphological defects. There is an expanding literature addressing the function of αDG in the nervous system, with recent reports demonstrating important roles in brain development and in the maintenance of neuronal synapses. Much of these data are derived from an increasingly rich array of experimental animal models. This Review aims to synthesize the information from such diverse models, formulating an up-to-date understanding about the various functions of αDG in neurons and glia of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Where possible, we integrate these data with our knowledge of the human disorders to promote translation from basic mechanistic findings to clinical therapies that take the neural phenotypes into account. Summary: Dystroglycan is a ubiquitous matrix receptor linked to brain and muscle disease. Unraveling the functions of this protein will inform basic and translational research on neural development and muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec R Nickolls
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Medina-Cano D, Ucuncu E, Nguyen LS, Nicouleau M, Lipecka J, Bizot JC, Thiel C, Foulquier F, Lefort N, Faivre-Sarrailh C, Colleaux L, Guerrera IC, Cantagrel V. High N-glycan multiplicity is critical for neuronal adhesion and sensitizes the developing cerebellum to N-glycosylation defect. eLife 2018; 7:38309. [PMID: 30311906 PMCID: PMC6185108 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper brain development relies highly on protein N-glycosylation to sustain neuronal migration, axon guidance and synaptic physiology. Impairing the N-glycosylation pathway at early steps produces broad neurological symptoms identified in congenital disorders of glycosylation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects. We generated a cerebellum specific knockout mouse for Srd5a3, a gene involved in the initiation of N-glycosylation. In addition to motor coordination defects and abnormal granule cell development, Srd5a3 deletion causes mild N-glycosylation impairment without significantly altering ER homeostasis. Using proteomic approaches, we identified that Srd5a3 loss affects a subset of glycoproteins with high N-glycans multiplicity per protein and decreased protein abundance or N-glycosylation level. As IgSF-CAM adhesion proteins are critical for neuron adhesion and highly N-glycosylated, we observed impaired IgSF-CAM-mediated neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in Srd5a3 mutant cerebellum. Our results link high N-glycan multiplicity to fine-tuned neural cell adhesion during mammalian brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Medina-Cano
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Ekin Ucuncu
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Lam Son Nguyen
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Michael Nicouleau
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- Proteomics platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | | | - Christian Thiel
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Kinderheilkunde I, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - François Foulquier
- Université Lille, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Laurence Colleaux
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Proteomics platform 3P5-Necker, Université Paris Descartes - Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Cantagrel
- Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
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17
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Nayler SP, Becker EBE. The Use of Stem Cell-Derived Neurons for Understanding Development and Disease of the Cerebellum. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:646. [PMID: 30319335 PMCID: PMC6168705 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is a fascinating brain structure, containing more neurons than the rest of the brain combined. The cerebellum develops according to a highly orchestrated program into a well-organized laminar structure. Much has been learned about the underlying genetic networks controlling cerebellar development through the study of various animal models. Cerebellar development in humans however, is significantly protracted and more complex. Given that the cerebellum regulates a number of motor and non-motor functions and is affected in a wide variety of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, a better understanding of human cerebellar development is highly desirable. Pluripotent stem cells offer an exciting new tool to unravel human cerebellar development and disease by providing a dynamic and malleable platform, which is amenable to genetic manipulation and temporally unrestricted sampling. It remains to be seen, however, whether in vitro neuronal cultures derived from pluripotent stem cells fully recapitulate the formation and organization of the developing nervous system, with many reports detailing the functionally immature nature of these cultures. Nevertheless, recent advances in differentiation protocols, cell-sampling methodologies, and access to informatics resources mean that the field is poised for remarkable discoveries. In this review, we provide a general overview of the field of neuronal differentiation, focusing on the cerebellum and highlighting conceptual advances in understanding neuronal maturity, including a discussion of both current and emerging methods to classify, and influence neuroanatomical identity and maturation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Nayler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther B E Becker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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Leibovitz Z, Mandel H, Falik-Zaccai TC, Ben Harouch S, Savitzki D, Krajden-Haratz K, Gindes L, Tamarkin M, Lev D, Dobyns WB, Lerman-Sagie T. Walker-Warburg syndrome and tectocerebellar dysraphia: A novel association caused by a homozygous DAG1 mutation. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2018; 22:525-531. [PMID: 29337005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elaborate the imaging phenotype associated with a homozygous c.743C > del frameshift mutation in DAG1 leading to complete absence of both α- and β-dystroglycan previously reported in a consanguineous Israeli-Arab family. METHODS We analyzed prenatal and postnatal imaging data of patients from a consanguineous Israeli-Arab kindred harboring the DAG1 mutation. RESULTS The imaging studies (fetal ultrasound, CT scan and postnatal MRI) demonstrated: flat cortex (abnormally thick with irregular pebbled cortical-white matter border on MRI), hydrocephalus, scattered small periventricular heterotopia and subependymal hemorrhages and calcifications, z-shaped brainstem, and in addition an occipital encephalocele, vermian agenesis, and an elongated and thick tectum (tectocerebellar dysraphia). CONCLUSIONS The novel association of cobblestone malformation with tectocerebellar dysraphia as part of WWS is characteristic of the homozygous c.743C > del frameshift mutation in the DAG1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zvi Leibovitz
- Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Bnai-Zion Medical Center and Rappoport Faculty of Medicine, The Technion, Haifa, Israel; Fetal Neurology Clinic, Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Hanna Mandel
- Institute of Human Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Western Galilee Medical Center, Naharia and Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tzipora C Falik-Zaccai
- Institute of Human Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Western Galilee Medical Center, Naharia and Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Shani Ben Harouch
- Institute of Human Genetics and Metabolic Disorders, Western Galilee Medical Center, Naharia and Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - David Savitzki
- Pediatric Neurology and Development Unit, Western Galilee Medical Center, Naharia and Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Karina Krajden-Haratz
- Fetal Neurology Clinic, Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Gindes
- Fetal Neurology Clinic, Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Mordechai Tamarkin
- Fetal Neurology Clinic, Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Dorit Lev
- Fetal Neurology Clinic, Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; The Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tally Lerman-Sagie
- Fetal Neurology Clinic, Obstetrics-Gynecology Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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19
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Xiao R, Yu D, Li X, Huang J, Jing S, Bao X, Yang T, Fan X. Propofol Exposure in Early Life Induced Developmental Impairments in the Mouse Cerebellum. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:373. [PMID: 29249940 PMCID: PMC5715384 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Propofol is a widely used anesthetic in the clinic while several studies have demonstrated that propofol exposure may cause neurotoxicity in the developing brain. However, the effects of early propofol exposure on cerebellar development are not well understood. Propofol (30 or 60 mg/kg) was administered to mice on postnatal day (P)7; Purkinje cell dendritogenesis and Bergmann glial cell development were evaluated on P8, and granule neuron migration was analyzed on P10. The results indicated that exposure to propofol on P7 resulted in a significant reduction in calbindin-labeled Purkinje cells and their dendrite length. Furthermore, propofol induced impairments in Bergmann glia development, which might be involved in the delay of granule neuron migration from the external granular layer (EGL) to the internal granular layer (IGL) during P8 to P10 at the 60 mg/kg dosage, but not at the 30 mg/kg dosage. Several reports have suggested that the Notch signaling pathway plays instructive roles in the morphogenesis of Bergmann glia. Here, it was revealed that propofol treatment decreased Jagged1 and Notch1 protein levels in the cerebellum on P8. Taken together, exposure to propofol during the neonatal period impairs Bergmann glia development and may therefore lead to cerebellum development defects. Our results may aid in the understanding of the neurotoxic effects of propofol when administrated to infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohang Bao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tiande Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Developmental Neuropsychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Brun BN, Mockler SRH, Laubscher KM, Stephan CM, Wallace AM, Collison JA, Zimmerman MB, Dobyns WB, Mathews KD. Comparison of brain MRI findings with language and motor function in the dystroglycanopathies. Neurology 2017; 88:623-629. [PMID: 28087826 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000003609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the spectrum of brain MRI findings in a cohort of individuals with dystroglycanopathies (DGs) and relate MRI results to function. METHODS All available brain MRIs done for clinical indications on individuals enrolled in a DG natural history study (NCT00313677) were reviewed. Reports were reviewed when MRI was not available. MRIs were categorized as follows: (1) cortical, brainstem, and cerebellar malformations; (2) cortical and cerebellar malformations; or (3) normal. Language development was assigned to 1 of 3 categories by a speech pathologist. Maximal motor function and presence of epilepsy were determined by history or examination. RESULTS Twenty-five MRIs and 9 reports were reviewed. The most common MRI abnormalities were cobblestone cortex or dysgyria with an anterior-posterior gradient and cerebellar hypoplasia. Seven individuals had MRIs in group 1, 8 in group 2, and 19 in group 3. Language was impaired in 100% of those in MRI groups 1 and 2, and degree of language impairment correlated with severity of imaging. Eighty-five percent of the whole group achieved independent walking, but only 33% did in group 1. Epilepsy was present in 8% of the cohort and rose to 37% of those with an abnormal MRI. CONCLUSIONS Developmental abnormalities of the brain such as cobblestone lissencephaly, cerebellar cysts, pontine hypoplasia, and brainstem bowing are hallmarks of DG and should prompt consideration of these diagnoses. Brain imaging in individuals with DG helps to predict outcomes, especially language development, aiding clinicians in prognostic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna N Brun
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (B.N.B., C.M.S., J.A.C., K.D.M.) and Neurology (K.D.M.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Center for Disabilities and Development (S.R.H.M., K.M.L.), University of Iowa Children's Hospital; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (A.M.W.), Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (M.B.Z.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics) (W.B.D.) and Neurology (W.B.D.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Center for Integrative Brain Research (W.B.D.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Shelley R H Mockler
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (B.N.B., C.M.S., J.A.C., K.D.M.) and Neurology (K.D.M.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Center for Disabilities and Development (S.R.H.M., K.M.L.), University of Iowa Children's Hospital; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (A.M.W.), Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (M.B.Z.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics) (W.B.D.) and Neurology (W.B.D.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Center for Integrative Brain Research (W.B.D.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Katie M Laubscher
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (B.N.B., C.M.S., J.A.C., K.D.M.) and Neurology (K.D.M.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Center for Disabilities and Development (S.R.H.M., K.M.L.), University of Iowa Children's Hospital; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (A.M.W.), Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (M.B.Z.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics) (W.B.D.) and Neurology (W.B.D.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Center for Integrative Brain Research (W.B.D.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Carrie M Stephan
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (B.N.B., C.M.S., J.A.C., K.D.M.) and Neurology (K.D.M.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Center for Disabilities and Development (S.R.H.M., K.M.L.), University of Iowa Children's Hospital; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (A.M.W.), Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (M.B.Z.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics) (W.B.D.) and Neurology (W.B.D.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Center for Integrative Brain Research (W.B.D.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Anne M Wallace
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (B.N.B., C.M.S., J.A.C., K.D.M.) and Neurology (K.D.M.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Center for Disabilities and Development (S.R.H.M., K.M.L.), University of Iowa Children's Hospital; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (A.M.W.), Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (M.B.Z.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics) (W.B.D.) and Neurology (W.B.D.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Center for Integrative Brain Research (W.B.D.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Julia A Collison
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (B.N.B., C.M.S., J.A.C., K.D.M.) and Neurology (K.D.M.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Center for Disabilities and Development (S.R.H.M., K.M.L.), University of Iowa Children's Hospital; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (A.M.W.), Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (M.B.Z.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics) (W.B.D.) and Neurology (W.B.D.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Center for Integrative Brain Research (W.B.D.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - M Bridget Zimmerman
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (B.N.B., C.M.S., J.A.C., K.D.M.) and Neurology (K.D.M.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Center for Disabilities and Development (S.R.H.M., K.M.L.), University of Iowa Children's Hospital; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (A.M.W.), Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (M.B.Z.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics) (W.B.D.) and Neurology (W.B.D.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Center for Integrative Brain Research (W.B.D.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - William B Dobyns
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (B.N.B., C.M.S., J.A.C., K.D.M.) and Neurology (K.D.M.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Center for Disabilities and Development (S.R.H.M., K.M.L.), University of Iowa Children's Hospital; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (A.M.W.), Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (M.B.Z.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics) (W.B.D.) and Neurology (W.B.D.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Center for Integrative Brain Research (W.B.D.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Katherine D Mathews
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (B.N.B., C.M.S., J.A.C., K.D.M.) and Neurology (K.D.M.), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Center for Disabilities and Development (S.R.H.M., K.M.L.), University of Iowa Children's Hospital; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders (A.M.W.), Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (M.B.Z.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Departments of Pediatrics (Genetics) (W.B.D.) and Neurology (W.B.D.), University of Washington, Seattle; and Center for Integrative Brain Research (W.B.D.), Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA.
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O'Meara RW, Cummings SE, Michalski JP, Kothary R. A new in vitro mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cell migration assay reveals a role for integrin-linked kinase in cell motility. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:7. [PMID: 26831726 PMCID: PMC4736119 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The decline of remyelination in chronic multiple sclerosis (MS) is in part attributed to inadequate oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) migration, a process governed by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Elucidating the mechanisms underlying OPC migration is therefore an important step towards developing new therapeutic strategies to promote myelin repair. Many seminal OPC culture methods were established using rat-sourced cells, and these often need modification for use with mouse OPCs due to their sensitive nature. It is of interest to develop mouse OPC assays to leverage the abundant transgenic lines. To this end, we developed a new OPC migration method specifically suited for use with mouse-derived cells. Results To validate its utility, we combined the new OPC migration assay with a conditional knockout approach to investigate the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in OPC migration. ILK is a focal adhesion protein that stabilizes cellular adhesions to the extracellular matrix (ECM) by mediating a linkage between matrix-bound integrin receptors and the cytoskeleton. We identified ILK as a regulator of OPC migration on three permissive substrates. ILK loss produced an early, albeit transient, deficit in OPC migration on laminin matrix, while migration on fibronectin and polylysine was heavily reliant on ILK expression. Conclusions Inclusively, our work provides a new tool for studying mouse OPC migration and highlights the role of ILK in its regulation on ECM proteins relevant to MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W O'Meara
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Sarah E Cummings
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - John-Paul Michalski
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,University of Ottawa Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Yoshida-Moriguchi T, Campbell KP. Matriglycan: a novel polysaccharide that links dystroglycan to the basement membrane. Glycobiology 2015; 25:702-13. [PMID: 25882296 PMCID: PMC4453867 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between cells and the basement membrane are critical for a variety of biological events including cell proliferation, cell migration, cell differentiation and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Dystroglycan is a highly glycosylated basement membrane receptor, and is involved in physiological processes that maintain integrity of the skeletal muscle, as well as development and function of the central nervous system. Aberrant O-glycosylation of the α subunit of this protein, and a concomitant loss of dystroglycan's ability to function as a receptor for extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands that bear laminin globular (LG) domains, occurs in several congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (also referred to as dystroglycanopathies). Recent genetic studies revealed that mutations in DAG1 (which encodes dystroglycan) and at least 17 other genes disrupt the ECM receptor function of dystroglycan and cause disease. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the enzymatic functions of two of these disease genes: the like-glycosyltransferase (LARGE) and protein O-mannose kinase (POMK, previously referred to as SGK196). In addition, we discuss the structure of the glycan that directly binds the ECM ligands and the mechanisms by which this functional motif is linked to dystroglycan. In light of the fact that dystroglycan functions as a matrix receptor and the polysaccharide synthesized by LARGE is the binding motif for matrix proteins, we propose to name this novel polysaccharide structure matriglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yoshida-Moriguchi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 4283 Carver Biomedical Research Building, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242-1101, USA
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