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Tullo S, Miranda AS, Del Cid-Pellitero E, Lim MP, Gallino D, Attaran A, Patel R, Novikov V, Park M, Beraldo FH, Luo W, Shlaifer I, Durcan TM, Bussey TJ, Saksida LM, Fon EA, Prado VF, Prado MAM, Chakravarty MM. Neuroanatomical and cognitive biomarkers of alpha-synuclein propagation in a mouse model of synucleinopathy prior to onset of motor symptoms. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1546-1564. [PMID: 37804203 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Significant evidence suggests that misfolded alpha-synuclein (aSyn), a major component of Lewy bodies, propagates in a prion-like manner contributing to disease progression in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. In fact, timed inoculation of M83 hemizygous mice with recombinant human aSyn preformed fibrils (PFF) has shown symptomatic deficits after substantial spreading of pathogenic alpha-synuclein, as detected by markers for the phosphorylation of S129 of aSyn. However, whether accumulated toxicity impact human-relevant cognitive and structural neuroanatomical measures is not fully understood. Here we performed a single unilateral striatal PFF injection in M83 hemizygous mice, and using two assays with translational potential, ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and touchscreen testing, we examined the combined neuroanatomical and behavioral impact of aSyn propagation. In PFF-injected mice, we observed widespread atrophy in bilateral regions that project to or receive input from the injection site using MRI. We also identified early deficits in reversal learning prior to the emergence of motor symptoms. Our findings highlight a network of regions with related cellular correlates of pathology that follow the progression of aSyn spreading, and that affect brain areas relevant for reversal learning. Our experiments suggest that M83 hemizygous mice injected with human PFF provides a model to understand how misfolded aSyn affects human-relevant pre-clinical measures and suggest that these pre-clinical biomarkers could be used to detect early toxicity of aSyn and provide better translational measures between mice and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Tullo
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aline S Miranda
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Esther Del Cid-Pellitero
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mei Peng Lim
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Gallino
- Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anoosha Attaran
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raihaan Patel
- Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladislav Novikov
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Megan Park
- Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
| | - Flavio H Beraldo
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wen Luo
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Irina Shlaifer
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Timothy J Bussey
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Computational Brain Anatomy (CoBrA) Laboratory, Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Jiang Y, Lin Y, Tetlow AM, Pan R, Ji C, Kong XP, Congdon EE, Sigurdsson EM. Single-domain antibody-based protein degrader for synucleinopathies. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:44. [PMID: 38816762 PMCID: PMC11140919 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain, leading to motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Currently, there are no known cures for synucleinopathies, and treatments mainly focus on symptom management. In this study, we developed a single-domain antibody (sdAb)-based protein degrader with features designed to enhance proteasomal degradation of α-syn. This sdAb derivative targets both α-syn and Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate-receptor for the E3-ubiquitin ligase CRL4CRBN, and thereby induces α-syn ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Our results indicate that this therapeutic candidate enhances proteasomal degradation of α-syn, in addition to the endogenous lysosomal degradation machinery. By promoting proteasomal degradation of α-syn, we improved clearance of α-syn in primary culture and mouse models of synucleinopathy. These findings indicate that our sdAb-based protein degrader is a promising therapeutic candidate for synucleinopathies. Considering that only a small percentage of antibodies enter the brain, more potent sdAbs with greater brain entry than whole antibodies could enhance clinical benefits of antibody-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Amber M Tetlow
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ruimin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Changyi Ji
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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3
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Bétemps D, Arsac JN, Nicot S, Canal D, Tlili H, Belondrade M, Morignat E, Verchère J, Gaillard D, Bruyère-Ostells L, Mayran C, Lakhdar L, Bougard D, Baron T. Protease-Sensitive and -Resistant Forms of Human and Murine Alpha-Synucleins in Distinct Brain Regions of Transgenic Mice (M83) Expressing the Human Mutated A53T Protein. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1788. [PMID: 38136658 PMCID: PMC10741842 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neurodegenerative diseases associated with the misfolding of the alpha-synuclein (aS) protein (synucleinopathies) are similar to prion diseases to the extent that lesions are spread by similar molecular mechanisms. In a transgenic mouse model (M83) overexpressing a mutated (A53T) form of human aS, we had previously found that Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA) triggered the aggregation of aS, which is associated with a high resistance to the proteinase K (PK) digestion of both human and murine aS, a major hallmark of the disease-associated prion protein. In addition, PMCA was also able to trigger the aggregation of murine aS in C57Bl/6 mouse brains after seeding with sick M83 mouse brains. Here, we show that intracerebral inoculations of M83 mice with C57Bl/6-PMCA samples strikingly shortens the incubation period before the typical paralysis that develops in this transgenic model, demonstrating the pathogenicity of PMCA-aggregated murine aS. In the hind brain regions of these sick M83 mice containing lesions with an accumulation of aS phosphorylated at serine 129, aS also showed a high PK resistance in the N-terminal part of the protein. In contrast to M83 mice, old APPxM83 mice co-expressing human mutated amyloid precursor and presenilin 1 proteins were seen to have an aggregation of aS, especially in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum, which also contained the highest load of aS phosphorylated at serine 129. This was proven by three techniques: a Western blot analysis of PK-resistant aS; an ELISA detection of aS aggregates; or the identification of aggregates of aS using immunohistochemical analyses of cytoplasmic/neuritic aS deposits. The results obtained with the D37A6 antibody suggest a higher involvement of murine aS in APPxM83 mice than in M83 mice. Our study used novel tools for the molecular study of synucleinopathies, which highlight similarities with the molecular mechanisms involved in prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bétemps
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Jean-Noël Arsac
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Simon Nicot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Dominique Canal
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Habiba Tlili
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Maxime Belondrade
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Eric Morignat
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Jérémy Verchère
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Damien Gaillard
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Lilian Bruyère-Ostells
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Charly Mayran
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Latifa Lakhdar
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
| | - Daisy Bougard
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University of Montpellier, Inserm, Etablissement Français Du Sang, 34493 Montpellier, France; (S.N.); (M.B.); (L.B.-O.); (C.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Thierry Baron
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; (D.B.); (J.-N.A.); (D.C.); (H.T.); (E.M.); (J.V.); (D.G.); (L.L.)
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4
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Goolla M, Cheshire WP, Ross OA, Kondru N. Diagnosing multiple system atrophy: current clinical guidance and emerging molecular biomarkers. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1210220. [PMID: 37840912 PMCID: PMC10570409 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1210220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and autonomic dysfunction. Accurate and early diagnosis of MSA is challenging due to its clinical similarity with other neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders. Currently, MSA diagnosis is based on clinical criteria drawing from the patient's symptoms, lack of response to levodopa therapy, neuroimaging studies, and exclusion of other diseases. However, these methods have limitations in sensitivity and specificity. Recent advances in molecular biomarker research, such as α-synuclein protein amplification assays (RT-QuIC) and other biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid and blood, have shown promise in improving the diagnosis of MSA. Additionally, these biomarkers could also serve as targets for developing disease-modifying therapies and monitoring treatment response. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical syndrome of MSA and discuss the current diagnostic criteria, limitations of current diagnostic methods, and emerging molecular biomarkers that offer hope for improving the accuracy and early detection of MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Goolla
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Naveen Kondru
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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5
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Dovonou A, Bolduc C, Soto Linan V, Gora C, Peralta Iii MR, Lévesque M. Animal models of Parkinson's disease: bridging the gap between disease hallmarks and research questions. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:36. [PMID: 37468944 PMCID: PMC10354932 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. More than 200 years after its first clinical description, PD remains a serious affliction that affects a growing proportion of the population. Prevailing treatments only alleviate symptoms; there is still neither a cure that targets the neurodegenerative processes nor therapies that modify the course of the disease. Over the past decades, several animal models have been developed to study PD. Although no model precisely recapitulates the pathology, they still provide valuable information that contributes to our understanding of the disease and the limitations of our treatment options. This review comprehensively summarizes the different animal models available for Parkinson's research, with a focus on those induced by drugs, neurotoxins, pesticides, genetic alterations, α-synuclein inoculation, and viral vector injections. We highlight their characteristics and ability to reproduce PD-like phenotypes. It is essential to realize that the strengths and weaknesses of each model and the induction technique at our disposal are determined by the research question being asked. Our review, therefore, seeks to better aid researchers by ensuring a concrete discernment of classical and novel animal models in PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axelle Dovonou
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Cyril Bolduc
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Victoria Soto Linan
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Charles Gora
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Modesto R Peralta Iii
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Martin Lévesque
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, Chemin de la Canardière, Québec, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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6
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Tran KKN, Wong VHY, Hoang A, Finkelstein DI, Bui BV, Nguyen CTO. Retinal alpha-synuclein accumulation correlates with retinal dysfunction and structural thinning in the A53T mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1146979. [PMID: 37214398 PMCID: PMC10196133 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1146979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alpha-synuclein (α-SYN) protein deposition has long been recognized as one of the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease's (PD). This study considers the potential utility of PD retinal biomarkers by investigating retinal changes in a well characterized PD model of α-SYN overexpression and how these correspond to the presence of retinal α-SYN. Transgenic A53T homozygous (HOM) mice overexpressing human α-SYN and wildtype (WT) control littermates were assessed at 4, 6, and 14 months of age (male and female, n = 15-29 per group). In vivo retinal function (electroretinography, ERG) and structure (optical coherence tomography, OCT) were recorded, and retinal immunohistochemistry and western blot assays were performed to examine retinal α-SYN and tyrosine hydroxylase. Compared to WT controls, A53T mice exhibited reduced light-adapted (cone photoreceptor and bipolar cell amplitude, p < 0.0001) ERG responses and outer retinal thinning (outer plexiform layer, outer nuclear layer, p < 0.0001) which correlated with elevated levels of α-SYN. These retinal signatures provide a high throughput means to study α-SYN induced neurodegeneration and may be useful in vivo endpoints for PD drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie K. N. Tran
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vickie H. Y. Wong
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Anh Hoang
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I. Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bang V. Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T. O. Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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7
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Bayati A, Banks E, Han C, Luo W, Reintsch WE, Zorca CE, Shlaifer I, Del Cid Pellitero E, Vanderperre B, McBride HM, Fon EA, Durcan TM, McPherson PS. Rapid macropinocytic transfer of α-synuclein to lysosomes. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111102. [PMID: 35858558 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system spread of alpha-synuclein fibrils is thought to cause Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies; however, the mechanisms underlying internalization and cellular spread are enigmatic. Here, we use confocal and superresolution microscopy, subcellular fractionation, and electron microscopy (EM) of immunogold-labeled α-synuclein preformed fibrils (PFFs) to demonstrate that this form of the protein undergoes rapid internalization and is targeted directly to lysosomes in as little as 2 min. Uptake of PFFs is disrupted by macropinocytic inhibitors and circumvents classical endosomal pathways. Immunogold-labeled PFFs are seen at the highly curved inward edge of membrane ruffles, in newly formed macropinosomes, in multivesicular bodies and in lysosomes. While most fibrils remain in lysosomes, a portion is transferred to neighboring naive cells along with markers of exosomes. These data indicate that PFFs use a unique internalization mechanism as a component of cell-to-cell propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Bayati
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Emily Banks
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Chanshuai Han
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Wolfgang E Reintsch
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Irina Shlaifer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Esther Del Cid Pellitero
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Benoit Vanderperre
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heidi M McBride
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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8
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Aminabad ED, Mobed A, Hasanzadeh M, Hosseinpour Feizi MA, Safaralizadeh R, Seidi F. Sensitive immunosensing of α-synuclein protein in human plasma samples using gold nanoparticles conjugated with graphene: an innovative immuno-platform towards early stage identification of Parkinson's disease using point of care (POC) analysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4346-4357. [PMID: 35425437 PMCID: PMC8980998 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) or simply Parkinson's is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, which mainly affects the motor system. Consequently, the detection and quantification of related biomarkers play vital roles in the early-stage diagnosis of PD. In the present study, an innovative electrochemical immunosensor based on gold nanoparticle-modified graphene towards bioconjugation with biotinylated antibody (bioreceptor) was developed for the ultra-sensitive and specific monitoring of the alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) protein. The synergistic effects between the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and graphene drastically enhanced the electrochemical activity of the resulting materials. The enhanced conductivity of the substrate together with the increase in its surface area improved the sensitivity and lowered the detection limit of the capture layer. For the first time, the α-synuclein protein was measured in human plasma samples using bioconjugated AuNP-Gr bioconjugated specific antibody with an acceptable linear range of 4 to 128 ng mL-1 and a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 4 ng mL-1. Accordingly, it is expected that this diagnostic method may be produced in the near future for clinical applications and high-throughput screening of PD using point of care (POC) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Darvish Aminabad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University Tabriz Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Recent Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 51664 Iran
| | - Ahmad Mobed
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Recent Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 51664 Iran
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Recent Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 51664 Iran
| | | | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University Tabriz Iran
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
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Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (HOP/STI1/STIP1) regulates the accumulation and toxicity of α-synuclein in vivo. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:881-910. [PMID: 36121476 PMCID: PMC9547791 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The predominantly pre-synaptic intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein is prone to misfolding and aggregation in synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Molecular chaperones play important roles in protein misfolding diseases and members of the chaperone machinery are often deposited in Lewy bodies. Here, we show that the Hsp90 co-chaperone STI1 co-immunoprecipitated α-synuclein, and co-deposited with Hsp90 and Hsp70 in insoluble protein fractions in two mouse models of α-synuclein misfolding. STI1 and Hsp90 also co-localized extensively with filamentous S129 phosphorylated α-synuclein in ubiquitin-positive inclusions. In PD human brains, STI1 transcripts were increased, and in neurologically healthy brains, STI1 and α-synuclein transcripts correlated. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analyses revealed direct interaction of α-synuclein with STI1 and indicated that the STI1 TPR2A, but not TPR1 or TPR2B domains, interacted with the C-terminal domain of α-synuclein. In vitro, the STI1 TPR2A domain facilitated S129 phosphorylation by Polo-like kinase 3. Moreover, mice over-expressing STI1 and Hsp90ß presented elevated α-synuclein S129 phosphorylation accompanied by inclusions when injected with α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils. In contrast, reduced STI1 function decreased protein inclusion formation, S129 α-synuclein phosphorylation, while mitigating motor and cognitive deficits as well as mesoscopic brain atrophy in α-synuclein-over-expressing mice. Our findings reveal a vicious cycle in which STI1 facilitates the generation and accumulation of toxic α-synuclein conformers, while α-synuclein-induced proteostatic stress increased insoluble STI1 and Hsp90.
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Barth M, Bacioglu M, Schwarz N, Novotny R, Brandes J, Welzer M, Mazzitelli S, Häsler LM, Schweighauser M, Wuttke TV, Kronenberg-Versteeg D, Fog K, Ambjørn M, Alik A, Melki R, Kahle PJ, Shimshek DR, Koch H, Jucker M, Tanriöver G. Microglial inclusions and neurofilament light chain release follow neuronal α-synuclein lesions in long-term brain slice cultures. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:54. [PMID: 34380535 PMCID: PMC8356412 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteopathic brain lesions are a hallmark of many age-related neurodegenerative diseases including synucleinopathies and develop at least a decade before the onset of clinical symptoms. Thus, understanding of the initiation and propagation of such lesions is key for developing therapeutics to delay or halt disease progression. METHODS Alpha-synuclein (αS) inclusions were induced in long-term murine and human slice cultures by seeded aggregation. An αS seed-recognizing human antibody was tested for blocking seeding and/or spreading of the αS lesions. Release of neurofilament light chain (NfL) into the culture medium was assessed. RESULTS To study initial stages of α-synucleinopathies, we induced αS inclusions in murine hippocampal slice cultures by seeded aggregation. Induction of αS inclusions in neurons was apparent as early as 1week post-seeding, followed by the occurrence of microglial inclusions in vicinity of the neuronal lesions at 2-3 weeks. The amount of αS inclusions was dependent on the type of αS seed and on the culture's genetic background (wildtype vs A53T-αS genotype). Formation of αS inclusions could be monitored by neurofilament light chain protein release into the culture medium, a fluid biomarker of neurodegeneration commonly used in clinical settings. Local microinjection of αS seeds resulted in spreading of αS inclusions to neuronally connected hippocampal subregions, and seeding and spreading could be inhibited by an αS seed-recognizing human antibody. We then applied parameters of the murine cultures to surgical resection-derived adult human long-term neocortical slice cultures from 22 to 61-year-old donors. Similarly, in these human slice cultures, proof-of-principle induction of αS lesions was achieved at 1week post-seeding in combination with viral A53T-αS expressions. CONCLUSION The successful translation of these brain cultures from mouse to human with the first reported induction of human αS lesions in a true adult human brain environment underlines the potential of this model to study proteopathic lesions in intact mouse and now even aged human brain environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Barth
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mehtap Bacioglu
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Niklas Schwarz
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Renata Novotny
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Janine Brandes
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marc Welzer
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sonia Mazzitelli
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lisa M. Häsler
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Schweighauser
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas V. Wuttke
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Deborah Kronenberg-Versteeg
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karina Fog
- Division of Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Malene Ambjørn
- Division of Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Ania Alik
- MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Institut François Jacob, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- MIRCen, CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Institut François Jacob, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Philipp J. Kahle
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Laboratory of Functional Neurogenetics, Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Derya R. Shimshek
- Neuroscience Research, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Koch
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gaye Tanriöver
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Singh S, Khayachi A, Milnerwood AJ, DeMarco ML. Quantitative Profiling of Synuclein Species: Application to Transgenic Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:613-621. [PMID: 32083592 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improved analytical tools for detailed characterization of synucleins in pre-clinical models of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies are needed. OBJECTIVE Develop a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay to quantify species-specific sequences and structural heterogeneity in soluble α- and β-synucleins in brain tissue. METHODS Using a proteolytic digestion workflow, the MRM LC-MS/MS method assayed six proteotypic peptides from the α-synuclein sequence; three unique to mouse or human α-synuclein and three conserved in α- and β-synuclein. For quantification, we used labeled α-synuclein as the internal standard and an external calibration curve. As proof of concept, the synuclein LC-MS/MS method was applied to brain tissue specimens from M83 transgenic PD mice, which overexpresses human α-synuclein, relative to wild-type littermate controls. RESULTS The synuclein MRM assay was linear over a wide concentration range (at least one order of magnitude). The assay had several advantages over ligand binding analytical methods, such as western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. These advantages included the ability to: quantify 1) total α-synuclein, 2) combined α- and β-synucleins, 3) species-specific contributions to total α-synuclein (e.g., in mice expressing both mouse and human α-synuclein), and 4) identify peptide-specific profile differences that may reflect post-translational modifications, all within a single analysis. CONCLUSION With improved and expanded analytical characteristics coupled with a streamlined sample preparation workflow, the quantitative synuclein profiling LC-MS/MS assay provides a versatile and efficient platform to characterize synuclein biology in pre-clinical models and the potential for application to human tissues and fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anouar Khayachi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Austen J Milnerwood
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mari L DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, Vancouver, Canada
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Takaichi Y, Chambers JK, Ano Y, Takashima A, Nakayama H, Uchida K. Deposition of Phosphorylated α-Synuclein and Activation of GSK-3β and PP2A in the PS19 Mouse Model of Tauopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:731-740. [PMID: 34151989 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The simultaneous accumulation of multiple pathological proteins, such as hyperphosphorylated tau (hp-tau) and phosphorylated α-synuclein (p-αSyn), has been reported in the brains of patients with various neurodegenerative diseases. We previously demonstrated that hp-tau-dependent p-αSyn accumulation was associated with the activation of GSK-3β in the brains of P301L tau transgenic mice. To confirm the effects of another mutant tau on p-αSyn accumulation in vivo, we herein examined the brains of PS19 mice that overexpress human P301S mutant tau. Immunohistochemically, hp-tau and p-αSyn aggregates were detected in the same neuronal cells in the cerebrum and brain stem of aged PS19 mice. A semiquantitative analysis showed a positive correlation between hp-tau and p-αSyn accumulation. Furthermore, an activated form of GSK-3β was detected within cells containing both hp-tau and p-αSyn aggregates in PS19 mice. Western blotting showed a decrease in inactivated PP2A levels in PS19 mice. The present results suggest that the overexpression of human P301S mutant tau induces p-αSyn accumulation that is accompanied by not only GSK-3β, but also PP2A activation in PS19 mice, and highlight the synergic effects between tau and αSyn in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases that show the codeposition of tau and αSyn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James K Chambers
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (YT, JKC, HN, KU); Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies and the Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Kanagawa (YA); Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo (AT), Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (YT, JKC, HN, KU); Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies and the Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Kanagawa (YA); Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo (AT), Japan
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (YT, JKC, HN, KU); Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies and the Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Kanagawa (YA); Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo (AT), Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (YT, JKC, HN, KU); Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies and the Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Kanagawa (YA); Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo (AT), Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- From the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo (YT, JKC, HN, KU); Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies and the Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd, Kanagawa (YA); Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo (AT), Japan
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Puentes LN, Lengyel-Zhand Z, Lee JY, Hsieh CJ, Schneider ME, Edwards KJ, Luk KC, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Mach RH. Poly (ADP-ribose) Interacts With Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in Post Mortem PD Samples. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:704041. [PMID: 34220490 PMCID: PMC8249773 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.704041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) is a negatively charged polymer that is biosynthesized by Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and regulates various cellular processes. Alpha-synuclein (αSyn) is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) that has been directly implicated with driving the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). The mechanisms by which α-synuclein (αSyn) elicits its neurotoxic effects remain unclear, though it is well established that the main components of Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) in PD patients are aggregated hyperphosphorylated (S129) forms of αSyn (pαSyn). In the present study, we used immunofluorescence-based assays to explore if PARP-1 enzymatic product (PAR) promotes the aberrant cytoplasmic accumulation of pαSyn. We also performed quantitative measurements using in situ proximity ligation assays (PLA) on a transgenic murine model of α-synucleinopathy (M83-SNCA∗A53T) and post mortem PD/PDD patient samples to characterize PAR-pαSyn interactions. Additionally, we used bioinformatic approaches and site-directed mutagenesis to identify PAR-binding regions on αSyn. In summary, our studies show that PAR-pαSyn interactions are predominantly observed in PD-relevant transgenic murine models of αSyn pathology and post mortem PD/PDD patient samples. Moreover, we confirm that the interactions between PAR and αSyn involve electrostatic forces between negatively charged PAR and lysine residues on the N-terminal region of αSyn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N. Puentes
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Zsofia Lengyel-Zhand
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mark E. Schneider
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Edwards
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kelvin C. Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Pantazopoulou M, Brembati V, Kanellidi A, Bousset L, Melki R, Stefanis L. Distinct alpha-Synuclein species induced by seeding are selectively cleared by the Lysosome or the Proteasome in neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. J Neurochem 2020; 156:880-896. [PMID: 32869336 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A major pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the aberrant accumulation of misfolded assemblies of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn). Protein clearance appears as a regulator of the 'α-Syn burden' underlying PD pathogenesis. The picture emerging is that a combination of pathways with complementary roles, including the Proteasome System and the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway, contributes to the intracellular degradation of α-Syn. This study addresses the mechanisms governing the degradation of α-Syn species seeded by exogenous fibrils in neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with inducible expression of α-Syn. Using human α-Syn recombinant fibrils (pre-formed fibrils, PFFs), seeding and aggregation of endogenous Proteinase K (PK)-resistant α-Syn species occurs within a time frame of 6 days, and is still prominent after 12 days of PFF addition. Clearance of α-Syn assemblies in this inducible model was enhanced after switching off α-Syn expression with doxycycline. Lysosomal inhibition led to accumulation of SDS-soluble α-Syn aggregates 6 days after PFF-addition or when switching off α-Syn expression. Additionally, the autophagic enhancer, rapamycin, induced the clearance of α-Syn aggregates 13 days post-PFF addition, indicating that autophagy is the major pathway for aggregated α-Syn clearance. SDS-soluble phosphorylated α-Syn at S129 was only apparent at 7 days of incubation with a higher amount of PFFs. Proteasomal inhibition resulted in further accumulation of SDS-soluble phosphorylated α-Syn at S129, with limited PK resistance. Our data suggest that in this inducible model autophagy is mainly responsible for the degradation of fibrillar α-Syn, whereas the proteasome system is responsible, at least in part, for the selective clearance of phosphorylated α-Syn oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviana Brembati
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Luc Bousset
- CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses cedex, France
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Kilpeläinen T, Julku UH, Svarcbahs R, Myöhänen TT. Behavioural and dopaminergic changes in double mutated human A30P*A53T alpha-synuclein transgenic mouse model of Parkinson´s disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17382. [PMID: 31758049 PMCID: PMC6874660 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is the main component of Lewy bodies, the histopathological marker in Parkinson's disease (PD), and point mutations and multiplications of the aSyn coding SNCA gene correlate with early onset PD. Therefore, various transgenic mouse models overexpressing native or point-mutated aSyn have been developed. Although these models show highly increased aSyn expression they rarely capture dopaminergic cell loss and show a behavioural phenotype only at old age, whereas SNCA mutations are risk factors for PD with earlier onset. The aim of our study was to re-characterize a transgenic mouse strain carrying both A30P and A53T mutated human aSyn. Our study revealed decreased locomotor activity for homozygous transgenic mice starting from 3 months of age which was different from previous studies with this mouse strain that had behavioural deficits starting only after 7-9 months. Additionally, we found a decreased amphetamine response in locomotor activity and decreased extracellular dopaminergic markers in the striatum and substantia nigra with significantly elevated levels of aSyn oligomers. In conclusion, homozygous transgenic A30P*A53T aSyn mice capture several phenotypes of PD with early onset and could be a useful tool for aSyn studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Kilpeläinen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika H Julku
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reinis Svarcbahs
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo T Myöhänen
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy/Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Nicot S, Verchère J, Bélondrade M, Mayran C, Bétemps D, Bougard D, Baron T. Seeded propagation of α-synuclein aggregation in mouse brain using protein misfolding cyclic amplification. FASEB J 2019; 33:12073-12086. [PMID: 31370680 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900354r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (α-syn) protein aggregation is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders collectively referred to as synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. We used protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to study α-syn aggregation in brain homogenates of wild-type or transgenic mice expressing normal (D line) or A53T mutant (M83 line) human α-syn. We found that sonication-incubation cycles of M83 mouse brain gradually produce large quantities of SDS-resistant α-syn aggregates, involving both human and mouse proteins. These PMCA products, containing partially proteinase K-resistant α-syn species, are competent to accelerate the onset of neurologic symptoms after intracerebral inoculation to young M83 mice and to seed aggregate formation of α-syn following PMCA, including in D and wild-type mouse brain substrates. PMCA seeding activity in the M83 diseased brain correlates positively with regions mostly targeted by the α-syn pathology in this model. Our data indicate that similar to prions, PMCA can reproduce some characteristics of α-syn aggregation and seeded propagation in vitro in a complex milieu. This opens new opportunities for the molecular study of synucleinopathies.-Nicot, S., Verchère, J., Bélondrade, M., Mayran, C., Bétemps, D., Bougard, D., Baron, T. Seeded propagation of α-synuclein aggregation in mouse brain using protein misfolding cyclic amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nicot
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Verchère
- French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Bélondrade
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Charly Mayran
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Bétemps
- French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Daisy Bougard
- Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic Infections, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Baron
- French Agency for Food, Environmental, and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
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α-Synuclein 2.0 — Moving towards Cell Type Specific Pathophysiology. Neuroscience 2019; 412:248-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Dhillon JKS, Trejo-Lopez JA, Riffe C, Levites Y, Sacino AN, Borchelt DR, Yachnis AY, Giasson BI. Comparative analyses of the in vivo induction and transmission of α-synuclein pathology in transgenic mice by MSA brain lysate and recombinant α-synuclein fibrils. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:80. [PMID: 31109378 PMCID: PMC6526622 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (αS) is the major component of several types of brain pathological inclusions that define neurodegenerative diseases termed synucleinopathies. Central nervous system (CNS) inoculation studies using either in vitro polymerized αS fibrils or in vivo derived lysates containing αS aggregates to induce the progressive spread of αS inclusion pathology in animal disease models have supported the notion that αS mediated progressive neurodegeneration can occur by a prion-like mechanism. We have previously shown that neonatal brain inoculation with preformed αS fibrils in hemizygous M20+/− transgenic mice expressing wild type human αS and to a lesser extent in non-transgenic mice can result in a concentration-dependent progressive induction of CNS αS pathology. Recent studies using brain lysates from patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA), characterized by αS inclusion pathology in oligodendrocytes, indicate that these may be uniquely potent at inducing αS pathology with prion-like strain specificity. We demonstrate here that brain lysates from MSA patients, but not control individuals, can induce αS pathology following neonatal brain inoculation in transgenic mice expressing A53T human αS (M83 line), but not in transgenic expressing wild type human αS (M20 line) or non-transgenic mice within the timeframe of the study design. Further, we show that neuroanatomical and immunohistochemical properties of the pathology induced by MSA brain lysates is very similar to what is produced by the neonatal brain injection of preformed human αS fibrils in hemizygous M83+/− transgenic mice. Collectively, these findings reinforce the idea that the intrinsic traits of the M83 mouse model dominates over any putative prion-like strain properties of MSA αS seeds that can induce pathology.
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Gribaudo S, Tixador P, Bousset L, Fenyi A, Lino P, Melki R, Peyrin JM, Perrier AL. Propagation of α-Synuclein Strains within Human Reconstructed Neuronal Network. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:230-244. [PMID: 30639210 PMCID: PMC6372945 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reappraisal of neuropathological studies suggests that pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease (PD) spread progressively along predictable neuronal pathways in the human brain through unknown mechanisms. Although there is much evidence supporting the prion-like propagation and amplification of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in vitro and in rodent models, whether this scenario occurs in the human brain remains to be substantiated. Here we reconstructed in microfluidic devices corticocortical neuronal networks using human induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a healthy donor. We provide unique experimental evidence that different strains of human α-Syn disseminate in “wild-type” human neuronal networks in a prion-like manner. We show that two distinct α-Syn strains we named fibrils and ribbons are transported, traffic between neurons, and trigger to different extents, in a dose- and structure-dependent manner, the progressive accumulation of PD-like pathological hallmarks. We further demonstrate that seeded aggregation of endogenous soluble α-Syn affects synaptic integrity and mitochondria morphology. Different α-Syn strains propagate within WT human iPSC-derived cortical neuronal networks α-Syn strains differentially seed endogenous WT α-Syn forming LB/LN-like structures Phospho-α-Syn endogenous aggregates resist degradation and accumulate in cytoplasm Accumulation of phospho-α-Syn induces early neuronal dysfunctions
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gribaudo
- INSERM U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, France; UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, France
| | - Philippe Tixador
- Sorbonne Universités, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS/UMR 8256, B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris 75005, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA-CNRS, Fontenay aux Roses 92265, France
| | - Alexis Fenyi
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA-CNRS, Fontenay aux Roses 92265, France
| | - Patricia Lino
- INSERM U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, France; UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institut François Jacob, MIRCen, CEA-CNRS, Fontenay aux Roses 92265, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Peyrin
- Sorbonne Universités, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, CNRS/UMR 8256, B2A, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Anselme L Perrier
- INSERM U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, France; UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM, Corbeil-Essonnes 91100, France.
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21
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Sargent D, Bétemps D, Drouyer M, Verchere J, Gaillard D, Arsac JN, Lakhdar L, Salvetti A, Baron T. Investigating the neuroprotective effect of AAV-mediated β-synuclein overexpression in a transgenic model of synucleinopathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17563. [PMID: 30510219 PMCID: PMC6277436 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are neurodegenerative diseases characterized by inclusions mainly composed of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. The objective of this study was to investigate if β-synuclein (β-syn) overexpression could have beneficial effects by inhibiting the aggregation of α-syn. The M83 transgenic mouse is a model of synucleinopathy, which develops severe motor symptoms associated with aggregation of α-syn. M83 neonate or adult mice were injected with adeno-associated virus vectors carrying the human β-syn gene (AAVβ-syn) or green fluorescent protein gene (AAVGFP) using different injection sites. The M83 disease was - or not - accelerated using extracts of M83 brains injected with brain extract from mouse (M83) or human (MSA) origins. AAV vectors expression was confirmed using Western blot and ELISA technics. AAV mediated β-syn overexpression did not delay the disease onset or reduce the α-syn phosphorylated at serine 129 levels detected by ELISA, regardless of the AAV injection route and the inoculation of brain extracts. Instead, a proteinase-K resistant β-syn staining was detected by immunohistochemistry, specifically in sick M83 mice overexpressing β-syn after inoculation of AAVβ-syn. This study indicated for the first time that viral vector-mediated β-syn overexpression could form aggregates in a model of synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Sargent
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Bétemps
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Matthieu Drouyer
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérémy Verchere
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Gaillard
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Noël Arsac
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Latifa Lakhdar
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anna Salvetti
- INSERM U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), CNRS UMR 5286, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Baron
- ANSES (French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety), University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
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22
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Takaichi Y, Ano Y, Chambers JK, Uchida K, Takashima A, Nakayama H. Deposition of Phosphorylated α-Synuclein in the rTg4510 Mouse Model of Tauopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77:920-928. [DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Takaichi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Ano
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies and the Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Company Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - James K Chambers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Uchida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Levigoureux E, Bouillot C, Baron T, Zimmer L, Lancelot S. PET imaging of the influence of physiological and pathological α-synuclein on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in mouse models. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:57-68. [PMID: 29781098 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation is a neuropathological hallmark of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. This in vivo study explored glucose metabolism and dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmission in KO α-syn, wild-type mice and an accelerated murine model of synucleinopathy (M83). METHODS MicroPET acquisitions were performed in all animals aged 5-6 months using five radiotracers exploring brain glucose metabolism ([18 F]FDG), dopamine neurotransmission ([11 C]raclopride, [11 C]PE2I) and serotonin neurotransmission ([18 F]MPPF, [11 C]DASB). For all radiotracers, except [18 F]FDG, PET data were analyzed with a MRI-based VOI method and a voxel-based analysis. RESULTS MicroPET data showed a decrease in [11 C]raclopride uptake in the caudate putamen of KO α-syn mice, in comparison with M83 and WT mice, reflecting a lower concentration of D2 receptors. The increase in [18 F]MPPF uptake in M83 vs WT and KO mice indicates overexpression of 5-HT1A receptors. The lack of change in dopamine and serotonin transporters in all groups suggests unchanged neuronal density. CONCLUSIONS This PET study highlights an effect of α-syn modulation on the expression of the D2 receptor, whereas aggregated α-syn leads to overexpression of 5-HT1A receptor, as a pathophysiological signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Levigoureux
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - Thierry Baron
- ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Lyon, France
| | - Luc Zimmer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Lancelot
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CERMEP-Imaging Platform, Lyon, France
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24
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Lassen LB, Gregersen E, Isager AK, Betzer C, Kofoed RH, Jensen PH. ELISA method to detect α-synuclein oligomers in cell and animal models. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196056. [PMID: 29698510 PMCID: PMC5919555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble aggregates of α-synuclein, so-called oligomers, are hypothesized to act as neurotoxic species in Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body dementia and multiple systems atrophy, but specific tools to detect these aggregated species are only slowly appearing. We have developed an α-synuclein oligomer ELISA that allows us to detect and compare α-synuclein oligomer levels in different in vivo and in vitro experiments. The ELISA is based on commercially available antibodies and the epitope of the capture antibody MJF14-6-4-2 is folding- and aggregate-dependent and not present on monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Berkhoudt Lassen
- University of Aarhus, DANDRITE – Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Gregersen
- University of Aarhus, DANDRITE – Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Kathrine Isager
- University of Aarhus, DANDRITE – Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cristine Betzer
- University of Aarhus, DANDRITE – Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hahn Kofoed
- University of Aarhus, DANDRITE – Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- University of Aarhus, DANDRITE – Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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25
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Bräuer S, Zimyanin V, Hermann A. Prion-like properties of disease-relevant proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:591-613. [PMID: 29417336 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of age-related neurodegenerative diseases is the appearance of cellular protein deposits and spreading of this pathology throughout the central nervous system. Growing evidence has shown the involvement and critical role of proteins with prion-like properties in the formation of these characteristic cellular aggregates. Prion-like domains of such proteins with their proposed function in the organization of membraneless organelles are prone for misfolding and promoting further aggregation. Spreading of these toxic aggregates between cells and across tissues can explain the progression of clinical phenotypes and pathology in a stereotypical manner, characteristic for almost every neurodegenerative disease. Here, we want to review the current evidence for the role of prion-like mechanisms in classical neurodegenerative diseases and ALS in particular. We will also discuss an intriguingly central role of the protein TDP-43 in the majority of cases of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bräuer
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, 01129, Dresden, Germany
| | - V Zimyanin
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technische Universität Dresden and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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26
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Wang W, Song N, Jia F, Tang T, Bao W, Zuo C, Xie J, Jiang H. Genomic DNA levels of mutant alpha-synuclein correlate with non-motor symptoms in an A53T Parkinson's disease mouse model. Neurochem Int 2018; 114:71-79. [PMID: 29355568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). A robust transgenic mouse model has been generated that overexpresses the mutant human A53T alpha-synuclein under the mouse prion protein gene promoter; these mice develop age-dependent motor deficits. Recently, compared to wild-type (WT) littermates, A53T alpha-synuclein mice were reported to display non-motor symptom deficits, e.g., anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, odor discrimination and detection impairments, and gastrointestinal dysfunction, at 6 months of age or older. However, the differences between heterozygous and homozygous mice in terms of non-motor symptoms and whether the genomic DNA levels of alpha-synuclein correlate with the symptoms have not yet been elucidated. In the present work, we used littermate WT and heterozygous and homozygous A53T mice that were characterized by a modified genotyping protocol and observed a unilateral decline in the dopamine transporter (DAT) distribution from 3 months to 12 months of age in homozygous mice. We evaluated non-motor symptoms by measuring colon motility, anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors, and motor coordination. The results showed that homozygous A53T mice exhibited earlier abnormal non-motor symptoms compared to their heterozygous littermates. The severity of impaired colon motility as well as anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors were correlated with the genomic DNA levels of A53T mutant alpha-synuclein. More noticeable, motor coordination aberrances were also observed in homozygous A53T mice. This study provides direct evidence that the genomic DNA levels of mutant alpha-synuclein correlate with non-motor symptoms in an A53T mouse model, indicating that the genomic DNA levels of mutant alpha-synuclein should be tightly manipulated in PD model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fengjv Jia
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tingting Tang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weiqi Bao
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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27
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Dugger BN, Perl DP, Carlson GA. Neurodegenerative Disease Transmission and Transgenesis in Mice. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a023549. [PMID: 28193724 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a023549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the discovery of the prion protein (PrP) resulted from its co-purification with scrapie infectivity in Syrian hamsters, work with genetically defined and genetically modified mice proved crucial for understanding the fundamental processes involved not only in prion diseases caused by PrP misfolding, aggregation, and spread but also in other, much more common, neurodegenerative brain diseases. In this review, we focus on methodological and conceptual approaches used to study scrapie and related PrP misfolding diseases in mice and how these approaches have advanced our understanding of related disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Dugger
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Daniel P Perl
- F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - George A Carlson
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158.,McLaughlin Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Great Falls, Montana 59405
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28
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Sargent D, Verchère J, Lazizzera C, Gaillard D, Lakhdar L, Streichenberger N, Morignat E, Bétemps D, Baron T. ‘Prion-like’ propagation of the synucleinopathy of M83 transgenic mice depends on the mouse genotype and type of inoculum. J Neurochem 2017; 143:126-135. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Sargent
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation; de l'environnement et du travail; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Jérémy Verchère
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation; de l'environnement et du travail; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Corinne Lazizzera
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation; de l'environnement et du travail; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Damien Gaillard
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation; de l'environnement et du travail; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Latifa Lakhdar
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation; de l'environnement et du travail; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Centre de Pathologie et Neuropathologie Est; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Institut Neuromyogène; CNRS; INSERM; Bron France
| | - Eric Morignat
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation; de l'environnement et du travail; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Dominique Bétemps
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation; de l'environnement et du travail; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Thierry Baron
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'alimentation; de l'environnement et du travail; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
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29
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Timed Release of Cerebrolysin Using Drug-Loaded Titanate Nanospheres Reduces Brain Pathology and Improves Behavioral Functions in Parkinson’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:359-369. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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30
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Robust Central Nervous System Pathology in Transgenic Mice following Peripheral Injection of α-Synuclein Fibrils. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02095-16. [PMID: 27852849 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02095-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolded α-synuclein (αS) is hypothesized to spread throughout the central nervous system (CNS) by neuronal connectivity leading to widespread pathology. Increasing evidence indicates that it also has the potential to invade the CNS via peripheral nerves in a prion-like manner. On the basis of the effectiveness following peripheral routes of prion administration, we extend our previous studies of CNS neuroinvasion in M83 αS transgenic mice following hind limb muscle (intramuscular [i.m.]) injection of αS fibrils by comparing various peripheral sites of inoculations with different αS protein preparations. Following intravenous injection in the tail veins of homozygous M83 transgenic (M83+/+) mice, robust αS pathology was observed in the CNS without the development of motor impairments within the time frame examined. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of αS fibrils in hemizygous M83 transgenic (M83+/-) mice resulted in CNS αS pathology associated with paralysis. Interestingly, injection with soluble, nonaggregated αS resulted in paralysis and pathology in only a subset of mice, whereas soluble Δ71-82 αS, human βS, and keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) control proteins induced no symptoms or pathology. Intraperitoneal injection of αS fibrils also induced CNS αS pathology in another αS transgenic mouse line (M20), albeit less robustly in these mice. In comparison, i.m. injection of αS fibrils was more efficient in inducing CNS αS pathology in M83 mice than i.p. or tail vein injections. Furthermore, i.m. injection of soluble, nonaggregated αS in M83+/- mice also induced paralysis and CNS αS pathology, although less efficiently. These results further demonstrate the prion-like characteristics of αS and reveal its efficiency to invade the CNS via multiple routes of peripheral administration. IMPORTANCE The misfolding and accumulation of α-synuclein (αS) inclusions are found in a number of neurodegenerative disorders and is a hallmark feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and PD-related diseases. Similar characteristics have been observed between the infectious prion protein and αS, including its ability to spread from the peripheral nervous system and along neuroanatomical tracts within the central nervous system. In this study, we extend our previous results and investigate the efficiency of intravenous (i.v.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), and intramuscular (i.m.) routes of injection of αS fibrils and other protein controls. Our data reveal that injection of αS fibrils via these peripheral routes in αS-overexpressing mice are capable of inducing a robust αS pathology and in some cases cause paralysis. Furthermore, soluble, nonaggregated αS also induced αS pathology, albeit with much less efficiency. These findings further support and extend the idea of αS neuroinvasion from peripheral exposures.
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31
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Makky A, Bousset L, Polesel-Maris J, Melki R. Nanomechanical properties of distinct fibrillar polymorphs of the protein α-synuclein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37970. [PMID: 27901068 PMCID: PMC5128817 DOI: 10.1038/srep37970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a small presynaptic protein of 140 amino acids. Its pathologic intracellular aggregation within the central nervous system yields protein fibrillar inclusions named Lewy bodies that are the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). In solution, pure α-Syn adopts an intrinsically disordered structure and assembles into fibrils that exhibit considerable morphological heterogeneity depending on their assembly conditions. We recently established tightly controlled experimental conditions allowing the assembly of α-Syn into highly homogeneous and pure polymorphs. The latter exhibited differences in their shape, their structure but also in their functional properties. We have conducted an AFM study at high resolution and performed a statistical analysis of fibrillar α-Syn shape and thermal fluctuations to calculate the persistence length to further assess the nanomechanical properties of α-Syn polymorphs. Herein, we demonstrated quantitatively that distinct polymorphs made of the same protein (wild-type α-Syn) show significant differences in their morphology (height, width and periodicity) and physical properties (persistence length, bending rigidity and axial Young's modulus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Makky
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Luc Bousset
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérôme Polesel-Maris
- Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Materials Research and Technology (MRT), L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Ronald Melki
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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32
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Ugalde CL, Finkelstein DI, Lawson VA, Hill AF. Pathogenic mechanisms of prion protein, amyloid-β and α-synuclein misfolding: the prion concept and neurotoxicity of protein oligomers. J Neurochem 2016; 139:162-180. [PMID: 27529376 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteinopathies represent a group of diseases characterized by the unregulated misfolding and aggregation of proteins. Accumulation of misfolded protein in the central nervous system (CNS) is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (or prion diseases), Alzheimer's disease, and the synucleinopathies (the most common of which is Parkinson's disease). Of these, the pathogenic mechanisms of prion diseases are particularly striking where the transmissible, causative agent of disease is the prion, or proteinaceous infectious particle. Prions are composed almost exclusively of PrPSc ; a misfolded isoform of the normal cellular protein, PrPC , which is found accumulated in the CNS in disease. Today, mounting evidence suggests other aggregating proteins, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and α-synuclein (α-syn), proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease and synucleinopathies, respectively, share similar biophysical and biochemical properties with PrPSc that influences how they misfold, aggregate, and propagate in disease. In this regard, the definition of a 'prion' may ultimately expand to include other pathogenic proteins. Unifying knowledge of folded proteins may also reveal common mechanisms associated with other features of disease that are less understood, such as neurotoxicity. This review discusses the common features Aβ and α-syn share with PrP and neurotoxic mechanisms associated with these misfolded proteins. Several proteins are known to misfold and accumulate in the central nervous system causing a range of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and the prion diseases. Prions are transmissible misfolded conformers of the prion protein, PrP, which seed further generation of infectious proteins. Similar effects have recently been observed in proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease and the synucleinopathies, leading to the proposition that the definition of a 'prion' may ultimately expand to include other pathogenic proteins. Unifying knowledge of misfolded proteins may also reveal common mechanisms associated with other features of disease that are less understood, such as neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn L Ugalde
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia.,Howard Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- Howard Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Victoria A Lawson
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
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Sacino AN, Brooks MM, Chakrabarty P, Saha K, Khoshbouei H, Golde TE, Giasson BI. Proteolysis of α-synuclein fibrils in the lysosomal pathway limits induction of inclusion pathology. J Neurochem 2016; 140:662-678. [PMID: 27424880 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Progression of α-synuclein inclusion pathology may occur through cycles of release and uptake of α-synuclein aggregates, which induce additional intracellular α-synuclein inclusion pathology. This process may explain (i) the presence of α-synuclein inclusion pathology in grafted cells in human brains, and (ii) the slowly progressive nature of most human α-synucleinopathies. It also provides a rationale for therapeutic targeting of extracellular aggregates to limit pathology spread. We investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying intraneuronal α-synuclein aggregation following exposure to exogenous preformed α-synuclein amyloid fibrils. Exogenous α-synuclein fibrils efficiently attached to cell membranes and were subsequently internalized and degraded within the endosomal/lysosomal system. However, internalized α-synuclein amyloid fibrils can apparently overwhelm the endosomal/lysosomal machinery leading to the induction of intraneuronal α-synuclein inclusions comprised of endogenous α-synuclein. Furthermore, the efficiency of inclusion formation was relatively low in these studies compared to studies using primary neuronal-glial cultures over-expressing α-synuclein. Our study indicates that under physiologic conditions, endosomal/lysosomal function acts as an endogenous barrier to the induction of α-synuclein inclusion pathology, but when compromised, it may lower the threshold for pathology induction/transmission. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13787.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Sacino
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mieu M Brooks
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kaustuv Saha
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Brahmachari S, Ge P, Lee SH, Kim D, Karuppagounder SS, Kumar M, Mao X, Shin JH, Lee Y, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Ko HS. Activation of tyrosine kinase c-Abl contributes to α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2970-88. [PMID: 27348587 PMCID: PMC4966315 DOI: 10.1172/jci85456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein contributes to the formation of Lewy bodies and neurites, the pathologic hallmarks of Parkinson disease (PD) and α-synucleinopathies. Although a number of human mutations have been identified in familial PD, the mechanisms that promote α-synuclein accumulation and toxicity are poorly understood. Here, we report that hyperactivity of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl critically regulates α-synuclein-induced neuropathology. In mice expressing a human α-synucleinopathy-associated mutation (hA53Tα-syn mice), deletion of the gene encoding c-Abl reduced α-synuclein aggregation, neuropathology, and neurobehavioral deficits. Conversely, overexpression of constitutively active c-Abl in hA53Tα-syn mice accelerated α-synuclein aggregation, neuropathology, and neurobehavioral deficits. Moreover, c-Abl activation led to an age-dependent increase in phosphotyrosine 39 α-synuclein. In human postmortem samples, there was an accumulation of phosphotyrosine 39 α-synuclein in brain tissues and Lewy bodies of PD patients compared with age-matched controls. Furthermore, in vitro studies show that c-Abl phosphorylation of α-synuclein at tyrosine 39 enhances α-synuclein aggregation. Taken together, this work establishes a critical role for c-Abl in α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration and demonstrates that selective inhibition of c-Abl may be neuroprotective. This study further indicates that phosphotyrosine 39 α-synuclein is a potential disease indicator for PD and related α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Brahmachari
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Preston Ge
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donghoon Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Senthilkumar S. Karuppagounder
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Joo Ho Shin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology
| | - Valina L. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Physiology
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, and
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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An L, Harrison PM. The evolutionary scope and neurological disease linkage of yeast-prion-like proteins in humans. Biol Direct 2016; 11:32. [PMID: 27457357 PMCID: PMC4960796 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-016-0134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prions are proteinaceous particles that propagate alternative protein conformations/states to further copies of the same proteins, and are transmitted from cell-to-cell, and organism-to-organism. Prions are usually made of the beta-sheet rich assemblies termed amyloid. The original prion protein PrP causes devastating neurodegenerative disorders in humans and other mammals. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, many prion-forming proteins have been observed; a prominent feature of these proteins is an intrinsically disordered domain rich in glutamine (Q) and asparagine (N) residues. Several human proteins that are yeast-prion-like, in particular those with poly-glutamine (poly-Q) expansions, have been experimentally implicated in human neurodegenerative diseases. Results Here, we have constructed a comprehensive list of human yeast-prion-like proteins that are linked to human neurological disease. Surprisingly, different methods to annotate yeast-prion-like proteins in humans have limited intersection. However, independent of annotation method, we find that human yeast-prion-like proteins as a group have a statistically significant genetic linkage to neurological disease, that is caused specifically by linkage to neurodegenerative diseases. This is despite: (i) no especially high expression of yeast-prion-like proteins in the central nervous system, or (ii) no general enrichment of intrinsically disordered proteins in neurological/neurodegenerative diseases. Cytoskeletal proteins are significantly overrepresented in the set of human yeast-prion-like neurological proteins. Whether involved in neurological pathomechanisms or not, yeast-prion-like proteins in humans have very limited conservation outside of Deuterostomia (< ~10 %) with only a handful having prion-like character in both human and S. cerevisiae. The only such protein with a disease linkage is PUB1/TIA1, which functions as a stress granule component. Thus, the yeast-prion-like character of proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases has not been conserved over the deep evolutionary time since the last common ancestor of yeasts and humans. Conclusion Our results provide a comprehensive picture of yeast-prion-like proteins in humans and contribute to the strategic basis for experimental investigation of the link between yeast-prion-like protein character and neurological disease. Reviewers Reviewed by Istvan Simon and Alexander Schleiffer. For the full reviews, please go to the Reviewers’ comments section. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13062-016-0134-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu An
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul M Harrison
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Melki R. Role of Different Alpha-Synuclein Strains in Synucleinopathies, Similarities with other Neurodegenerative Diseases. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 5:217-27. [PMID: 25757830 PMCID: PMC4923763 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Misfolded protein aggregates are the hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases in humans. The main protein constituent of these aggregates and the regions within the brain that are affected differ from one neurodegenerative disorder to another. A plethora of reports suggest that distinct diseases have in common the ability of protein aggregates to spread and amplify within the central nervous system. This review summarizes briefly what is known about the nature of the protein aggregates that are infectious and the reason they are toxic to cells. The chameleon property of polypeptides which aggregation into distinct high-molecular weight assemblies is associated to different diseases, in particular, that of alpha-synuclein which aggregation is the hallmark of distinct synucleinopathies, is discussed. Finally, strategies targeting the formation and propagation of structurally distinct alpha-synuclein assemblies associated to different synucleinopathies are presented and their therapeutic and diagnostic potential is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Melki
- Correspondence to: Ronald Melki, Neuro Psi, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Tel.: +33 169823503; Fax: +33 169823129;
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Rahimi J, Milenkovic I, Kovacs GG. Patterns of Tau and α-Synuclein Pathology in the Visual System. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 5:333-40. [PMID: 25737267 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-140485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spreading of misfolded proteins has been suggested for neurodegenerative diseases. The hierarchical distribution of protein deposits in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) supports this concept. OBJECTIVES To evaluate α-synuclein and tau-deposition in the optic pathway as an excellent anatomical model, which follows a strict trajectory including a cortico-geniculate feedback connection. METHODS We immunostained the optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and occipital cortex for AT8 (phosphorylated tau), α-synuclein, and disease-associated prion protein (PrP) in 47 cases with tau pathology (AD type, argyrophilic grain disease, or progressive supranuclear palsy), 16 PD, and 5 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) cases, respectively. RESULTS We detected immunoreactivity for all proteins along the optic pathway. The optic nerve showed immunopositivity only in cases with tau (6/8, 75%) or α-synuclein (5/7, 71%) pathology. The LGN was involved also frequently (tau: 22/47, 46.8% ; α-synuclein: 15/16, 93.7% ; PrP 5/5, 100%). The occipital cortex was variably affected by tau or α-synuclein pathology, but always showed PrP immunoreactivity in the CJD cases. Tau pathology in the LGN correlated with tau immunoreactivity in the occipital cortex and Braak stages of neurofibrillary degeneration. In tauopathies, which do not involve the occipital cortex, like argyrophilic grain disease or progressive supranuclear palsy, tau pathology was more frequently astrocytic in the LGN. CONCLUSIONS Our results have implications 1) for the understanding of disease spreading along neural pathways and 2) for the diagnostic evaluation of the visual system in neurodegenerative proteinopathies as a potential biomarker to evaluate disease progression or subgrouping of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Rahimi
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mougeot JL, Hirsch MA, Stevens CB, Mougeot F. Oral biomarkers in exercise-induced neuroplasticity in Parkinson's disease. Oral Dis 2016; 22:745-753. [PMID: 26878123 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we review candidate biomarkers for Parkinson's disease (PD) in oral cavity, potential of oral biomarkers as markers of neuroplasticity, and literature on the effects of exercise on oral cavity biomarkers in PD. We first describe how pathophysiological pathways of PD may be transduced from brain stem and ganglia to oral cavity through the autonomic nervous system or transduced by a reverse path. Next we describe the effects of exercise in PD and potential impact on oral cavity. We propose that biomarkers in oral cavity may be useful targets for describing exercise-induced brain neuroplasticity in PD. Nevertheless, much research remains to be carried out before applying these biomarkers for the determination of disease state and therapeutic response to develop strategies to mitigate motor or non-motor symptoms in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Lc Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - M A Hirsch
- Carolinas Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - C B Stevens
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Fkb Mougeot
- Department of Oral Medicine, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA.
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Induction of de novo α-synuclein fibrillization in a neuronal model for Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E912-21. [PMID: 26839406 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1512876113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy bodies (LBs) are intraneuronal inclusions consisting primarily of fibrillized human α-synuclein (hα-Syn) protein, which represent the major pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although doubling hα-Syn expression provokes LB pathology in humans, hα-Syn overexpression does not trigger the formation of fibrillar LB-like inclusions in mice. We hypothesized that interactions between exogenous hα-Syn and endogenous mouse synuclein homologs could be attenuating hα-Syn fibrillization in mice, and therefore, we systematically assessed hα-Syn aggregation propensity in neurons derived from α-Syn-KO, β-Syn-KO, γ-Syn-KO, and triple-KO mice lacking expression of all three synuclein homologs. Herein, we show that hα-Syn forms hyperphosphorylated (at S129) and ubiquitin-positive LB-like inclusions in primary neurons of α-Syn-KO, β-Syn-KO, and triple-KO mice, as well as in transgenic α-Syn-KO mouse brains in vivo. Importantly, correlative light and electron microscopy, immunogold labeling, and thioflavin-S binding established their fibrillar ultrastructure, and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching/photoconversion experiments showed that these inclusions grow in size and incorporate soluble proteins. We further investigated whether the presence of homologous α-Syn species would interfere with the seeding and spreading of α-Syn pathology. Our results are in line with increasing evidence demonstrating that the spreading of α-Syn pathology is most prominent when the injected preformed fibrils and host-expressed α-Syn monomers are from the same species. These findings provide insights that will help advance the development of neuronal and in vivo models for understanding mechanisms underlying hα-Syn intraneuronal fibrillization and its contribution to PD pathogenesis, and for screening pharmacologic and genetic modulators of α-Syn fibrillization in neurons.
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Sacino AN, Ayers JI, Brooks MMT, Chakrabarty P, Hudson VJ, Howard JK, Golde TE, Giasson BI, Borchelt DR. Non-prion-type transmission in A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice: a normal component of spinal homogenates from naïve non-transgenic mice induces robust α-synuclein pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:151-4. [PMID: 26541429 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1505-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Sacino
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jacob I Ayers
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Mieu M T Brooks
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Vincent J Hudson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Jasie K Howard
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - David R Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Uchihara T, Giasson BI. Propagation of alpha-synuclein pathology: hypotheses, discoveries, and yet unresolved questions from experimental and human brain studies. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:49-73. [PMID: 26446103 PMCID: PMC4698305 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Progressive aggregation of alpha-synuclein (αS) through formation of amorphous pale bodies to mature Lewy bodies or in neuronal processes as Lewy neurites may be the consequence of conformational protein changes and accumulations, which structurally represents "molecular template". Focal initiation and subsequent spread along anatomically connected structures embody "structural template". To investigate the hypothesis that both processes might be closely associated and involved in the progression of αS pathology, which can be observed in human brains, αS amyloidogenic precursors termed "seeds" were experimentally injected into the brain or peripheral nervous system of animals. Although these studies showed that αS amyloidogenic seeds can induce αS pathology, which can spread in the nervous system, the findings are still not unequivocal in demonstrating predominant transsynaptic or intraneuronal spreads either in anterograde or retrograde directions. Interpretation of some of these studies is further complicated by other concurrent aberrant processes including neuroimmune activation, injury responses and/or general perturbation of proteostasis. In human brain, αS deposition and neuronal degeneration are accentuated in distal axon/synapse. Hyperbranching of axons is an anatomical commonality of Lewy-prone systems, providing a structural basis for abundance in distal axons and synaptic terminals. This neuroanatomical feature also can contribute to such distal accentuation of vulnerability in neuronal demise and the formation of αS inclusion pathology. Although retrograde progression of αS aggregation in hyperbranching axons may be a consistent feature of Lewy pathology, the regional distribution and gradient of Lewy pathology are not necessarily compatible with a predictable pattern such as upward progression from lower brainstem to cerebral cortex. Furthermore, "focal Lewy body disease" with the specific isolated involvement of autonomic, olfactory or cardiac systems suggests that spread of αS pathology is not always consistent. In many instances, the regional variability of Lewy pathology in human brain cannot be explained by a unified hypothesis such as transsynaptic spread. Thus, the distribution of Lewy pathology in human brain may be better explained by variable combinations of independent focal Lewy pathology to generate "multifocal Lewy body disease" that could be coupled with selective but variable neuroanatomical spread of αS pathology. More flexible models are warranted to take into account the relative propensity to develop Lewy pathology in different Lewy-prone systems, even without interconnections, compatible with the expanding clinicopathological spectra of Lewy-related disorders. These revised models are useful to better understand the mechanisms underlying the variable progression of Lewy body diseases so that diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Uchihara
- Laboratory of Structural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Benoit I Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, McKinght Brain Institute, University of Florida, 1275 Center Drive, PO Box 100159, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0159, USA.
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Sastry N, Zheng W, Liu G, Wang H, Chen X, Cai M, Contractor P, Sgobio C, Sun L, Xie C, Cai H. No apparent transmission of transgenic α-synuclein into nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in multiple mouse models. Transl Neurodegener 2015; 4:23. [PMID: 26635953 PMCID: PMC4668690 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-015-0046-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background α–synuclein (α–syn) is the main component of intracytoplasmic inclusions deposited in the brains of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and certain other neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have explored the ability of α–syn to propagate between or across neighboring neurons and supposedly “infect” them with a prion–like mechanism. However, much of this research has used stereotaxic injections of heterologous α–syn fibrils to induce the spreading of inclusions in the rodent brains. Whether α–syn is able to transmit from the host cells to their neighboring cells in vivo is unclear. Methods Using immunestaining, we examined the potential propagation of α–syn into nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DA) neurons in three lines of transgenic mice that overexpress human wild–type α–syn (hα–syn) in different neuron populations. Results After testing for three different routes by which hα–syn propagation might occur, we were unable to find any evidence that hα–syn behaved like a prion and could be transmitted overtime into the DA neurons initially lack of hα–syn expression. Conclusions In transgenic mice hα–syn does not have the ability to propagate at pathologically significant levels between or across neurons. It must be noted that these observations do not disprove the studies that show its prion–like qualities, but rather that propagation is not detectable in transgenic models that do not use any injections of heterologous proteins or viral vectors to induce a spreading state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namratha Sastry
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA ; Present addresses: Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Wang Zheng
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA
| | - Helen Wang
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA ; Present addresses: Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA
| | - Michael Cai
- Unit on Synapse Development Plasticity, Clinical Brain Disorder Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA ; Present addresses: Centennial High School, Elicott City, MD 21042 USA
| | - Parth Contractor
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA ; Present addresses: George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Carmelo Sgobio
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA
| | - Chengsong Xie
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Building 35, Room 1A112, MSC 3707, 35 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3707 USA
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Pieri L, Chafey P, Le Gall M, Clary G, Melki R, Redeker V. Cellular response of human neuroblastoma cells to α-synuclein fibrils, the main constituent of Lewy bodies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:8-19. [PMID: 26468903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α-Synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils are the main constituent of Lewy bodies and a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). The propagation of α-Syn assemblies from cell to cell suggests that they are involved in PD progression. We previously showed that α-Syn fibrils are toxic because of their ability to bind and permeabilize cell membranes. Here, we document the cellular response in terms of proteome changes of SH-SY5Y cells exposed to exogenous α-Syn fibrils. METHODS We compare the proteomes of cells of neuronal origin exposed or not either to oligomeric or fibrillar α-Syn using two dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry. RESULTS Only α-Syn fibrils induce significant changes in the proteome of SH-SY5Y cells. In addition to proteins associated to apoptosis and toxicity, or proteins previously linked to neurodegenerative diseases, we report an overexpression of proteins involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking. We also report a remarkable increase in fibrillar α-Syn heterogeneity, mainly due to C-terminal truncations. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that cells of neuronal origin adapt their proteome to exogenous α-Syn fibrils and actively modify those assemblies. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Cells of neuronal origin adapt their proteome to exogenous toxic α-Syn fibrils and actively modify those assemblies. Our results bring insights into the cellular response and clearance events the cells implement to face the propagation of α-Syn assemblies associated to pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pieri
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Chafey
- Plate-forme protéomique 3P5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Le Gall
- Plate-forme protéomique 3P5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Clary
- Plate-forme protéomique 3P5, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France; Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Ronald Melki
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Virginie Redeker
- Paris-Saclay Institute of Neuroscience, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la terrasse, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Lawand NB, Saadé NE, El-Agnaf OM, Safieh-Garabedian B. Targeting α-synuclein as a therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1351-60. [PMID: 26135549 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1062877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION α-Synuclein, a neuronal protein, plays a central role in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. Cases of PD have increased tremendously over the past decade necessitating the identification of new therapeutic targets to reduce patient morbidity and to improve PD patients' quality of life. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this article is to provide an update on the role of α-synuclein in fibrils formation and review its role as an effective immunotherapeutic target for PD. The rapidly expanding evidence for the contribution of α-synuclein to the pathogenesis of PD led to the development of antibodies against the C terminus of α-synuclein and other molecules involved in the inflammatory signaling pathways that were found to contribute significantly to initiation and progression of the disease. EXPERT OPINION The readers will obtain new insights on the mechanisms by which α-synuclein can trigger the development of PD and other related degenerative disorders along with the potential role of active and passive antibodies targeted against specific form of α-synuclein aggregates to clear neurotoxicity, stop the propagation of the prion-like behavior of these oligomers and reverse neuronal degeneration associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada B Lawand
- a 1 American University of Beirut, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology Sciences , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nayef E Saadé
- a 1 American University of Beirut, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology Sciences , Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar M El-Agnaf
- b 2 Hamad Ben Khalifa University, College of Science and Engineering, Education City, Qatar Foundation , Doha, Qatar
| | - Bared Safieh-Garabedian
- c 3 Qatar University, College of Medicine, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , Doha, Qatar
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Bétemps D, Verchère J, Mougenot AL, Lachmann I, Morignat E, Antier E, Lakhdar L, Legastelois S, Baron T. Detection of Disease-associated α-synuclein by Enhanced ELISA in the Brain of Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Human A53T Mutated α-synuclein. J Vis Exp 2015:e52752. [PMID: 26068223 DOI: 10.3791/52752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to established methods like Western blot, new methods are needed to quickly and easily quantify disease-associated α-synuclein (αS(D)) in experimental models of synucleopathies. A transgenic mouse line (M83) over-expressing the human A53T αS and spontaneously developing a dramatic clinical phenotype between eight and 22 months of age, characterized by symptoms including weight loss, prostration, and severe motor impairment, was used in this study. For molecular analyses of αS(D) (disease-associated αS) in these mice, an ELISA was designed to specifically quantify αS(D) in sick mice. Analysis of the central nervous system in this mouse model showed the presence of αS(D) mainly in the caudal brain regions and the spinal cord. There were no differences in αS(D) distribution between different experimental conditions leading to clinical disease, i.e., in uninoculated and normally aging transgenic mice and in mice inoculated with brain extracts from sick mice. The specific detection of αS(D) immunoreactivity using an antibody against Ser129 phosphorylated αS by ELISA essentially correlated with that obtained by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Unexpectedly, similar results were observed with several other antibodies against the C-terminal part of αS. The propagation of αS(D), suggesting the involvement of a "prion-like" mechanism, can thus be easily monitored and quantified in this mouse model using an ELISA approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Bétemps
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety
| | - Jérémy Verchère
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety
| | | | | | - Eric Morignat
- Epidemiology Unit, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety
| | - Emilie Antier
- Experimental Facilities, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety
| | - Latifa Lakhdar
- Experimental Facilities, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety
| | | | - Thierry Baron
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety;
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Smethurst P, Sidle KCL, Hardy J. Review: Prion-like mechanisms of transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:578-97. [PMID: 25487060 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal devastating neurodegenerative disorder which predominantly affects the motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. The death of the motor neurons in ALS causes subsequent muscle atrophy, paralysis and eventual death. Clinical and biological evidence now demonstrates that ALS has many similarities to prion disease in terms of disease onset, phenotype variability and progressive spread. The pathognomonic ubiquitinated inclusions deposited in the neurons and glial cells in brains and spinal cords of patients with ALS and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions contain aggregated transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43), and evidence now suggests that TDP-43 has cellular prion-like properties. The cellular mechanisms of prion protein misfolding and aggregation are thought to be responsible for the characteristics of prion disease. Therefore, there is a strong mechanistic basis for a prion-like behaviour of the TDP-43 protein being responsible for some characteristics of ALS. In this review, we compare the prion-like mechanisms of TDP-43 to the clinical and biological nature of ALS in order to investigate how this protein could be responsible for some of the characteristic properties of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Smethurst
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London, UK
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square House, London, UK
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Early and persistent expression of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the enteric nervous system of A53T mutant human α-synuclein transgenic mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2015; 73:1144-51. [PMID: 25383638 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0000000000000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein is a key protein in Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. It is found in Lewy bodies in the brains of PD patients and has been reported in the peripheral nervous system in postmortem tissues from PD patients and in biopsies from patients in the preclinical phase of PD. Here, we used a transgenic mouse model of human synucleinopathies expressing the A53T mutant α-synuclein (TgM83) in which a neurodegenerative process associated with α-synuclein occurs spontaneously and increases with age. In particular, α-synuclein protein phosphorylated at serine 129 (pSer129 α-synuclein) naturally and progressively increases in diseased brains. We examined the time course of pSer129 α-synuclein presence in the gut of these mice between 1.5 and 22 months of age using immunohistochemistry and paraffin-embedded tissue blots. The pSer129 α-synuclein accumulated early (before the onset of motor signs) and persistently in the enteric nervous system and was concomitantly found in the brain. These results suggest that the accumulation of phosphorylated α-synuclein in the enteric and central nervous systems may result from parallel pathologic processes when the disease is linked to a mutation of α-synuclein.
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Jellinger KA. Neuropathology of multiple system atrophy: New thoughts about pathogenesis. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1720-41. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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