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Schiavone M, Dagkesamanskaya A, Vieu PG, Duperray M, Duplan-Eche V, François JM. A flow cytometry method for quantitative measurement and molecular investigation of the adhesion of bacteria to yeast cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20935. [PMID: 39251857 PMCID: PMC11385505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of microorganism interactions is important for understanding the organization and functioning of microbial consortia. Additionally, the interaction between yeast and bacteria is of interest in the field of health and nutrition area for the development of probiotics. To investigate these microbial interactions at the cellular and molecular levels, a simple, reliable, and quantitative method is proposed. We demonstrated that flow cytometry enables the measurement of interactions at a single-cell level by detecting and counting yeast cells with bound fluorescent bacteria. Imaging flow cytometry revealed that the number of bacteria attached to yeast followed a Gaussian distribution whose maximum reached 14 bacterial cells using a clinical Escherichia coli strain E22 and the laboratory yeast strain BY4741. We found that the dynamics of adhesion resemble a Langmuir adsorption model, albeit it is a rapid and almost irreversible process. This adhesion is dependent on the mannose-specific type 1 fimbriae, as E. coli mutants lacking these appendages no longer adhere to yeast. However, this type 1 fimbriae-dependent adhesion could involve additional yeast cell wall factors, since the interaction between bacteria and yeast mutants with altered mannan content remained comparable to that of wild-type yeast. In summary, flow cytometry is an appropriate method for studying bacteria-yeast adhesion, as well as for the high-throughput screening of candidate molecules likely to promote or counteract this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Schiavone
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792, 135 Avenue de Rangeuil, 31077, Toulouse, France
- Lallemand SAS, 19, Rue Des Briquetiers, 31702, Blagnac, France
| | - Adilya Dagkesamanskaya
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792, 135 Avenue de Rangeuil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Gilles Vieu
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792, 135 Avenue de Rangeuil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Maëlle Duperray
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792, 135 Avenue de Rangeuil, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Duplan-Eche
- Institut Toulousain Des Maladies Infectieuses Et Inflammatoires (Infinity), CNRS U5051, INSERM U1291, University Toulouse III, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Marie François
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792, 135 Avenue de Rangeuil, 31077, Toulouse, France.
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2
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Abramov VM, Kosarev IV, Machulin AV, Deryusheva EI, Priputnevich TV, Panin AN, Chikileva IO, Abashina TN, Manoyan AM, Ahmetzyanova AA, Ivanova OE, Papazyan TT, Nikonov IN, Suzina NE, Melnikov VG, Khlebnikov VS, Sakulin VK, Samoilenko VA, Gordeev AB, Sukhikh GT, Uversky VN. Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 Strain: Probiotic Properties and Anti- Salmonella Effect with Prebiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1535. [PMID: 37887236 PMCID: PMC10604316 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ligilactobacillus salivarius 7247 (LS7247) strain, originally isolated from a healthy woman's intestines and reproductive system, has been studied for its probiotic potential, particularly against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) as well as its potential use in synbiotics. LS7247 showed high tolerance to gastric and intestinal stress and effectively adhered to human and animal enterocyte monolayers, essential for realizing its probiotic properties. LS7247 showed high anti-Salmonella activity. Additionally, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFS) of LS7247 exhibited anti-Salmonella activity, with a partial reduction upon neutralization with NaOH (p < 0.05), suggesting the presence of anti-Salmonella factors such as lactic acid (LA) and bacteriocins. LS7247 produced a high concentration of LA, reaching 124.0 ± 2.5 mM after 48 h of cultivation. Unique gene clusters in the genome of LS7247 contribute to the production of Enterolysin A and metalloendopeptidase. Notably, LS7247 carries a plasmid with a gene cluster identical to human intestinal strain L. salivarius UCC118, responsible for class IIb bacteriocin synthesis, and a gene cluster identical to porcine strain L. salivarius P1ACE3, responsible for nisin S synthesis. Co-cultivation of LS7247 with SE and ST pathogens reduced their viability by 1.0-1.5 log, attributed to cell wall damage and ATP leakage caused by the CFS. For the first time, the CFS of LS7247 has been shown to inhibit adhesion of SE and ST to human and animal enterocytes (p < 0.01). The combination of Actigen prebiotic and the CFS of LS7247 demonstrated a significant combined effect in inhibiting the adhesion of SE and ST to human and animal enterocytes (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the potential of using the LS7247 as a preventive strategy and employing probiotics and synbiotics to combat the prevalence of salmonellosis in animals and humans caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of SE and ST pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M. Abramov
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Kosarev
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Machulin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Priputnevich
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Panin
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
| | - Irina O. Chikileva
- Laboratory of Cell Immunity, Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health RF, 115478 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana N. Abashina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ashot M. Manoyan
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
| | - Anna A. Ahmetzyanova
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
| | - Olga E. Ivanova
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia; (I.V.K.)
| | | | - Ilia N. Nikonov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya E. Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G. Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim K. Sakulin
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, 142380 Lyubuchany, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Samoilenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey B. Gordeev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Song D, Wang X, Ma Y, Liu NN, Wang H. Beneficial insights into postbiotics against colorectal cancer. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1111872. [PMID: 36969804 PMCID: PMC10036377 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening cancer types with limited therapeutic options worldwide. Gut microbiota has been recognized as the pivotal determinant in maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) tract homeostasis, while dysbiosis of gut microbiota contributes to CRC development. Recently, the beneficial role of postbiotics, a new concept in describing microorganism derived substances, in CRC has been uncovered by various studies. However, a comprehensive characterization of the molecular identity, mechanism of action, or routes of administration of postbiotics, particularly their role in CRC, is still lacking. In this review, we outline the current state of research toward the beneficial effects of gut microbiota derived postbiotics against CRC, which will represent the key elements of future precision-medicine approaches in the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to improve treatment outcomes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhen W, Zhu T, Wang P, Guo F, Zhang K, Zhang T, Jalukar S, Zhang Y, Bai D, Zhang C, Guo Y, Wang Z, Ma Y. Effect of dietary Saccharomyces-derived prebiotic refined functional carbohydrates as antibiotic alternative on growth performance and intestinal health of broiler chickens reared in a commercial farm. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102671. [PMID: 37120891 PMCID: PMC10172995 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for effective in-feed antibiotic alternative is growing due to the global trend to reduce or ban the utilization of antibiotics as growth promotors in poultry diets. This study was processed to assess the effect of dietary refined functional carbohydrates (RFCs) replacing antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) on growth performance, intestinal morphologic structure and microbiota, as well as intestinal immune function and barrier function of broilers reared on a commercial broilers farm. Trials contained 3 treatments with 4 replicate broiler houses, with about 25,000 birds each room. The treatments were control group (CON), RFCs group (CON + 100 mg/kg RFCs), and AGP group (CON + 50 mg/kg bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), respectively. Results showed that RFCs and AGP group significantly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) during d 22 to 45 in contrast to control. Compared with the control and AGP-treated groups, feeding RFCs increased (P < 0.05) jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio. AGP addition reduced (P < 0.05) the jejunal villi surface area compared to broilers fed control and RFC supplemented diets. Supplementation of RFCs promoted (P < 0.05) the growth of Lactobacillus but inhibited Escherichia coli and Salmonella proliferation compared with the control group. Inclusion of RFCs and BMD enhanced (P < 0.05) antibody titers against avian influenza virus H9 compared with control. RFCs and AGP both down-regulated (P < 0.05) intestinal TLR4 mRNA levels, whereas RFCs tended to up-regulate (P = 0.05) IFN-γ gene expression compared to control. Expression of intestinal tight junction genes was not affected by either AGP or RFCs supplementation. Based on above observation, we suggested that RFCs could replace in-feed antibiotic BMD in broiler diets for reducing intestinal pathogenic bacteria and modulating immunity of broilers.
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Takalloo Z, Nemati R, Kazemi M, Ghafari H, HasanSajedi R. Acceleration of Yeast Autolysis by Addition of Fatty Acids, Ethanol and Alkaline Protease. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3036. [PMID: 36381284 PMCID: PMC9618019 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2022.282895.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autolysate products from yeast origin are very interesting for food, feed, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and fermentation industries. The lysis process greatly influences the quality and efficiency of the final autolysates. OBJECTIVES Here, we have compared four lysis methods based on autolysis, plasmolysis (with ethanol 1.5% (v/v) and coconut fatty acids 1% (w/w)) and hydrolysis (with alkaline protease 0.4 % (v/w)) on degrading the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficiency of processes was evaluated according to the recovered solid and protein contents, release of intracellular materials, cell viability, microscopy imaging, degree of hydrolysis and electrophoresis studies. RESULTS Results showed that the increased recovered solids and proteins, as well as a higher degree of hydrolysis (DH) were obtained for the enzymatic hydrolyzed cells using alkaline protease. SDS-PAGE analysis also confirmed the results. Further, functionality of the final products by agglutination test showed that the hydrolyzed cells could effectively bind pathogenic bacteria compared to the other cell lysates. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this work provides adequate evidence for efficiency of alkaline protease for producing the nutritional cell lysates from baker's S. cerevisiae used in food, feed, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications. Moreover, this was the first report on using coconut fatty acids and alkaline protease in lysis of baker's yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Takalloo
- Kimiazyme Company, Modares Science & Technology Park, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Robabeh Nemati
- Kimiazyme Company, Modares Science & Technology Park, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Kazemi
- Kimiazyme Company, Modares Science & Technology Park, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Ghafari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
| | - Reza HasanSajedi
- Kimiazyme Company, Modares Science & Technology Park, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Tao M, Chen J, Huang K. Bio-based antimicrobial delivery systems for improving microbial safety and quality of raw or minimally processed foods. Curr Opin Food Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Influence of Heterologously Expressed azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the Adhesion and Invasion of Pathogenic Bacteria to the Caco-2 Cell Line. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:697-704. [PMID: 31364004 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study proposed to investigate the effect of azurin on the major stages of pathogenesis (adhesion and invasion) of intestinal bacterial pathogens (Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli) and epithelial pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on the human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line. Azurin protein was produced by cloning the azurin gene into pET21a and heterologous expression in E. coli BL21. The protein was purified using affinity chromatography and confirmed by Western blotting. The purified protein was evaluated by three experiments of adhesion and invasion assays, including exclusion, competition, and replacement. Azurin was observed to significantly inhibit the attachment and invasion of S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli, while no such inhibitory effects were observed on P. aeruginosa. In fact, the protein increased the adhesion of P. aeruginosa to the cell. In conclusion, our study proposes that azurin is a potential prophylactic or preventive helper candidate to inhibit the attachment and invasion of pathogenic bacteria to host cells and reduce the progression of the infection process. Our study also reveals the involvement of azurin in bacteria-host cell interactions, providing novel and important insights toward the elucidation of its biological function in this field. Thus, this study provides new opportunities to use azurin as an adjunct therapy against critical stages of infection by a wide range of pathogenic bacteria.
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Agboola JO, Schiavone M, Øverland M, Morales-Lange B, Lagos L, Arntzen MØ, Lapeña D, Eijsink VGH, Horn SJ, Mydland LT, François JM, Mercado L, Hansen JØ. Impact of down-stream processing on functional properties of yeasts and the implications on gut health of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Sci Rep 2021; 11:4496. [PMID: 33627754 PMCID: PMC7904851 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeasts are becoming popular as novel ingredients in fish feeds because of their potential to support better growth and concomitantly ensure good fish health. Here, three species of yeasts (Cyberlindnera jadinii, Blastobotrys adeninivorans and Wickerhamomyces anomalus), grown on wood sugars and hydrolysates of chicken were subjected to two down-stream processes, either direct heat-inactivation or autolysis, and the feed potential of the resulting yeast preparations was assessed through a feeding trial with Atlantic salmon fry. Histological examination of distal intestine based on widening of lamina propria, showed that autolyzed W. anomalus was effective in alleviating mild intestinal enteritis, while only limited effects were observed for other yeasts. Our results showed that the functionality of yeast in counteracting intestinal enteritis in Atlantic salmon was dependent on both the type of yeast and the down-stream processing method, and demonstrated that C. jadinii and W. anomalus have promising effects on gut health of Atlantic salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeleel Opeyemi Agboola
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Marion Schiavone
- grid.432671.5Lallemand SAS, 19 rue des Briquetiers, BP59, 31702 Blagnac, France ,grid.461574.50000 0001 2286 8343TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France ,grid.462430.70000 0001 2188 216XLAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Margareth Øverland
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Byron Morales-Lange
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Leidy Lagos
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Magnus Øverlie Arntzen
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - David Lapeña
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Vincent G. H. Eijsink
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Jarle Horn
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XFaculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Liv Torunn Mydland
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Jean Marie François
- grid.461574.50000 0001 2286 8343TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France
| | - Luis Mercado
- grid.8170.e0000 0001 1537 5962Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jon Øvrum Hansen
- grid.19477.3c0000 0004 0607 975XDepartment of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway
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Froebel LK, Froebel LE, Duong T. Refined functional carbohydrates reduce adhesion of Salmonella and Campylobacter to poultry epithelial cells in vitro. Poult Sci 2020; 99:7027-7034. [PMID: 33248619 PMCID: PMC7704970 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of interventions to reduce human foodborne pathogens in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of chickens will be important for improving the microbial food safety of poultry. Saccharomyces-derived prebiotic refined functional carbohydrates (RFC), composed primarily of β-glucans, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), and D-mannose have been demonstrated to reduce GI colonization of Salmonella and Campylobacter when administered to poultry. Although they are presumed to inhibit adhesion of pathogens to the GI epithelium, this functionality of RFC has not been well characterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of RFC and other prebiotics on the adhesion of Salmonella Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni to the LMH chicken epithelial cell line in vitro. The reduction of adherent pathogens was observed to be dose-dependent with C. jejuni being more sensitive than Salmonella to inhibition by RFC. Comparison of the primary constituent carbohydrates of RFC found D-mannose to inhibit both pathogens less effectively than β-glucan and MOS, suggesting that it contributes less to inhibition of pathogen adhesion than the other carbohydrates. Finally, the reduction of adherent pathogens by RFC was compared with that of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), and raffinose. All 4 prebiotics inhibited adhesion of both pathogens to chicken epithelial cells. Reduction of adherent Salmonella was greatest with FOS and lowest with GOS, whereas reduction of adherent C. jejuni was greater with RFC and raffinose than with FOS and GOS. These results will inform future research elucidating mechanisms important to adhesion inhibition of pathogens by RFC and other prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Froebel
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - L E Froebel
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - T Duong
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
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Anti-Pathogenic Functions of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides In Vitro. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061789. [PMID: 32560186 PMCID: PMC7353314 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), complex carbohydrates that resist hydrolysis by salivary and intestinal digestive enzymes, fulfill a diversity of important biological roles. A lot of NDOs are known for their prebiotic properties by stimulating beneficial bacteria in the intestinal microbiota. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the first prebiotics that humans encounter in life. Inspired by these HMO structures, chemically-produced NDO structures (e.g., galacto-oligosaccharides and chito-oligosaccharides) have been recognized as valuable food additives and exert promising health effects. Besides their apparent ability to stimulate beneficial microbial species, oligosaccharides have shown to be important inhibitors of the development of pathogenic infections. Depending on the type and structural characteristics, oligosaccharides can exert a number of anti-pathogenic effects. The most described effect is their ability to act as a decoy receptor, thereby inhibiting adhesion of pathogens. Other ways of pathogenic inhibition, such as interference with pathogenic cell membrane and biofilm integrity and DNA transcription, are less investigated, but could be equally impactful. In this review, a comprehensive overview of In vitro anti-pathogenic properties of different NDOs and associated pathways are discussed. A framework is created categorizing all anti-pathogenic effects and providing insight into structural necessities for an oligosaccharide to exert one of these effects.
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Autolysis, plasmolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): a comparative study. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:68. [PMID: 32328815 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is being used for long as a rich source of proteins, sugars, nucleotides, vitamins and minerals. Autolyzed and hydrolyzed yeast biomass has found numerous applications in the health food industry as well as livestock feeds. Here, we have compared three lysis methods for production of yeast lysates using autolysis, plasmolysis (ethyl acetate 1.5%), and enzymatic hydrolysis (Alcalase 0.2%). The efficiency of each process was compared according to soluble solid and protein contents, cell lysis monitoring, and release of intracellular materials, cell viability and microscopic analysis. Results showed that plasmolysis by ethyl acetate was found to be more efficient compared to autolysis, with a higher recovery of yeast extract (YE) content. In comparison, the content of released solids and proteins were higher during the enzymatic hydrolysis using Alcalase compared to autolysis and plasmolysis treatments. The highest decrease in optical density of 600 nm was monitored for the hydrolyzed cells. Besides, we defined "Degree of Leakage (DL)" as a new index of the lysis process, referring to the percentage of total released proteins from the cells and it was estimated to about 65.8%, which represents an appropriate indicator of the cell lysis. The biochemical and biophysical properties of the hydrolyzed yeast product as well as its biological activity (free radical scavenging activity and bacterial binding capacity) suggest that Alcalase could be used to accelerate the lysis of yeast cells and release the valuable intracellular components used for foodstuffs, feed and fermentation media applications. Production of baker's yeast lysates using autolysis, plasmolysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis methods.
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Gudell EVJ, Callahan K. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall Isolates are Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial Growth. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Marine Microalgae Biomolecules and Their Adhesion Capacity to Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Different molecules have been tested as analog receptors due to their capacity to bind bacteria and prevent cell adhesion. By using in vitro assays, the present study characterized the aqueous and alkaline extracts from microalgae Pavlova lutheri and Pavlova gyrans and evaluated the capacity of these extracts to adhere to enterobacteria (Salmonella Typhimurium). The aqueous and alkaline extracts of both species were fractionated via freeze-thawing, giving rise to soluble and insoluble (precipitate) fractions in cold water. The obtained fractions were studied using thermogravimetric, methylation analyses, and using 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The cold-water-soluble fractions obtained from the aqueous extracts were mainly composed of highly branched (1→3),(1→6)-β-glucans, whereas the cold-water-precipitate fractions were constituted by (1→3)-β-glucans. The alkaline extract fractions showed similar compositions with a high protein content, and the presence of glycosides (sulfoquinovosylglycerol (SQG), digalactosylglycerol (DGG)), and free fatty acids. The linear (1→3)-β-glucans and the alkaline extract fractions showed an adhesion capacity toward Salmonella. The chemical composition of the active fractions suggested that the presence of three-linked β-glucose units, as well as microalgal proteins and glycosides, could be important in the adhesion process. Therefore, these microalgal species possess a high potential to serve as a source of anti-adhesive compounds.
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Ballou MA, Davis EM, Kasl BA. Nutraceuticals: An Alternative Strategy for the Use of Antimicrobials. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2019; 35:507-534. [PMID: 31590900 PMCID: PMC7127241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock industries strive to improve the health of their animals and, in the future, they are going to be required to do this with a continued reduction in antimicrobial use. Nutraceuticals represent a group of compounds that may help fill that void because they exert some health benefits when supplemented to livestock. This review is focused on the mechanisms of action, specifically related to the immune responses and health of ruminants. The nutraceutical classes discussed include probiotics, prebiotics, phytonutrients (essential oils and spices), and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Ballou
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Emily M Davis
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Benjamin A Kasl
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Rodrigues JM, Duarte MER, Noseda MD. Modified soybean meal polysaccharide with high adhesion capacity to Salmonella. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:1074-1084. [PMID: 31398402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are known to act as analog receptors for bacteria and therefore are promising alternatives for the control and prevention of bacterial infections. The present study evaluated the chemical structure of modified soybean meal polysaccharides and their capacity to adhere enterobacteria (Salmonella Typhimurium) and to interfere with the bacteria adhesion to the known analogue receptors, using in vitro assays. For this, soybean meal suspensions were subjected to a thermochemical extraction process and structural analyses showed that the fraction with higher adhesion and adhesion-inhibition potential, SAP, was constituted by two types of polysaccharides: a partially depolymerized pectin, of high molar mass, composed of xylogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan regions (SAP1, 545.5 kDa), and a (1 → 4)-linked-β-D-galactan of low molar mass (SAP2, 8.7 kDa). The results showed a high affinity of Salmonella for galactans, while high molar mass pectins showed no adhesion capacity. The chemical compositions of the fractions suggested that galactose could be responsible for the recognition process in the adhesion process. Other factors, such as structure and degree of polymerization of the polymers, may also be influencing the adhesion process. Modified soybean meal polysaccharides appear to be a promising alternative agent to antibiotics for the control and prevention of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Mota Rodrigues
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19011, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Eugênia Rabello Duarte
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Daniel Noseda
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dept., Federal University of Paraná, PO Box: 19046, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Santovito E, Greco D, Marquis V, Raspoet R, D'Ascanio V, Logrieco AF, Avantaggiato G. Antimicrobial Activity of Yeast Cell Wall Products AgainstClostridium perfringens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:638-647. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Santovito
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Greco
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ruth Raspoet
- Phileo-Lesaffre Animal Care, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Vito D'Ascanio
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio F. Logrieco
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
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Santovito E, Greco D, D'Ascanio V, Marquis V, Raspoet R, Logrieco AF, Avantaggiato G. Equilibrium Isotherm Approach to Measure the Capability of Yeast Cell Wall to Adsorb Clostridium perfringens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:630-637. [PMID: 31099591 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast cell wall (YCW) products are currently used as substitutes to antibiotic growth promoters, to improve animal performances, and to reduce the incidence of infectious diseases in livestock. They are claimed to bind enteropathogens, thus interfering with their colonization in the intestinal mucosa. Although the anti-infectious activity of YCW products on Gram-positive pathogens like Clostridium perfringens has been reported in vivo, in vitro evidences on the adsorption of C. perfringens by YCW fractions are not yet available. Preliminary results showed that purified YCW products exert antimicrobial activity toward C. perfringens. Using the adsorption isotherm approach, we measured the ability of YCW products in adsorbing C. perfringens, thus reducing its viability. Dosages of YCW products >1 mg/mL adsorbed 4 Log colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL of C. perfringens in buffered solution. The maximum adsorption of the bacterium was reached in 3 h, whereas only one product of four YCW products retained the adsorption up to 6 h. The analysis of equilibrium isotherms and adsorption kinetics revealed that all products adsorb C. perfringens in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with high affinity and capacity, sequestering up to 4 Log CFU/mg of product. The determination of adsorption parameters allows to differentiate among adsorbents and select the most efficient product. This approach discriminated among YCW products more efficiently than the antimicrobial assay. In conclusion, this study suggests that the ability of YCW products in reducing C. perfringens viability can be the result of an adsorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Santovito
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Greco
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Vito D'Ascanio
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | | | - Ruth Raspoet
- Phileo-Lesaffre Animal Care, Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
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Huang K, Dou F, Nitin N. Biobased Sanitizer Delivery System for Improved Sanitation of Bacterial and Fungal Biofilms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:17204-17214. [PMID: 30997985 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms can persist in food-processing environments because of their relatively higher tolerance and resistance to antimicrobials including sanitizers. In this study, a novel biobased sanitizer composition was developed to effectively target biofilms and deliver chlorine-based sanitizers to inactivate bacterial and fungal biofilms. The biobased composition was developed by encapsulating a chlorine-binding polymer in a biobased yeast cell wall particle (YCWP) microcarrier. This study demonstrates the high affinity of biobased compositions to bind target bacterial and fungal cells and inactivate 5 logs of model pathogenic bacteria and fungi in wash water without and with high organic load (chemical oxygen demand = 2000 mg/L) in 30 s and 5 min, respectively. For the sanitation of biofilms, this biobased sanitizer can inactivate 7 logs of pathogenic bacteria and 3 logs of fungi after 1 h treatment, whereas the 1 h treatment using conventional chlorine-based sanitizer can only achieve 2-3 log reduction for bacterial biofilms and 1-2 log reduction for fungal biofilms, respectively. The enhanced antimicrobial activity can be attributed to three factors: (a) localized high concentration of chlorine bound on the YCWPs; (b) high affinity of YCWPs to bind diverse microbes; and (c) improved stability in an organic-rich aqueous environment. In summary, these unique attributes of biobased carriers will significantly enhance the sanitation efficacy of biofilms, reduce the persistence and transmission of antimicrobial resistant microbes, limit the use of antimicrobial chemicals, and improve the cost-effectiveness of sanitizers.
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Santovito E, Greco D, Logrieco AF, Avantaggiato G. Eubiotics for Food Security at Farm Level: Yeast Cell Wall Products and Their Antimicrobial Potential Against Pathogenic Bacteria. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:531-537. [PMID: 29874106 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The population increase in the last century was the first cause of the industrialization of animal productions, together with the necessity to satisfy the high food demand and the lack of space and land for the husbandry practices. As a consequence, the farmers moved from extensive to intensive agricultural systems and introduced new practices, such as the administration of antimicrobial drugs. Antibiotics were then used as growth promoters and for disease prevention. The uncontrolled and continuous use of antibiotics contributed to the spread of antibiotic resistance in animals, and this had adverse impacts on human health. This emergence led the European Union, in 2003, to ban the marketing and use of antibiotics as growth promoters, and for prophylaxis purposes from January 2006. This ban caused problems in farms, due to the decrease in animal performances (weight gain, feed conversion ratio, reproduction, etc.), and the rise in the incidence of certain diseases, such as those induced by Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The economic losses due to the ban increased the interest in researching alternative strategies for the prophylaxis of infectious diseases and for health and growth promotion, such as feed additives. Yeast-based materials, such as cell wall extract, represent promising alternatives to antibiotics, on the base of their prebiotic activity and their claimed capacity to bind enteropathogenic bacteria. Several authors reported examples of the effectiveness of yeast cell wall products in adsorbing bacteria, but there is a lack of knowledge on the mechanisms involved in this interaction. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current approaches used for the control of pathogenic bacteria in feed, with a particular focus on the use of yeast-derived materials proposed to control zoonoses at farm level, and on their effect on animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Santovito
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) , National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Greco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) , National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) , National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Avantaggiato
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA) , National Research Council (CNR), Bari, Italy
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