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Kustiawan PM, Syaifie PH, Al Khairy Siregar KA, Ibadillah D, Mardliyati E. New insights of propolis nanoformulation and its therapeutic potential in human diseases. ADMET AND DMPK 2024; 12:1-26. [PMID: 38560717 PMCID: PMC10974817 DOI: 10.5599/admet.2128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Scientific research is crucial to develop therapies for various disease severity levels, as modern drugs cause side effects and are difficult to predict. Researchers are exploring herbal alternatives with fewer side effects, particularly propolis, which has been validated through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. This will focus on scientific evidence and its supporting technology for developing new bioactive compounds for chronic diseases. Nanotechnology can improve the delivery and absorption of herbal medicines, which often have poor bioavailability due to their high molecular weight and solubility in water, particularly in oral medicines. This technology can enhance propolis's effects through multi-target therapy and reduce side effects. Experimental approach All publications related to each section of this review were discovered using the search engines Google Scholar, Scopus, and Pubmed. This was only available for publication between 2013 and 2023. The selected publications were used as references in this review after being thoroughly studied. Key results Evaluation of propolis active compounds, the classification of propolis nano formulations, design concepts, and mechanisms of action of propolis nano formulation. Additionally, the challenges and prospects for how these insights can be translated into clinical benefits are discussed. Conclusion In the last ten years, a list of nanoformulation propolis has been reported. This review concludes the difficulties encountered in developing large-scale nanoformulations. To commercialize them, improvements in nano carrier synthesis, standardized evaluation methodology within the framework of strategy process improvement, and Good Manufacturing Practices would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mariana Kustiawan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, East Kalimantan 75124, Indonesia
| | - Putri Hawa Syaifie
- Center of Excellence Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Khalish Arsy Al Khairy Siregar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda, East Kalimantan 75124, Indonesia
- Center of Excellence Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Delfritama Ibadillah
- Center of Excellence Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, South Tangerang 15314, Indonesia
| | - Etik Mardliyati
- Research Center for Vaccine and Drug, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor 16911, Indonesia
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Afata TN, Dekebo A. Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Effect of Western Ethiopian Propolis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200922. [PMID: 36575948 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Propolis or bee glue is commonly named as a natural resinous mixture produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from substances collected from parts of plants, buds, and exudate. The result of the ethyl acetate - methanol (3 : 2) volume by volume fraction yielded a total of two compounds namely betulinic acid and β-amyrin isolated from Bodji Dirmaji and Fincha'a district propolis, respectively. The crude ethanolic extract was portioned with the different solvent systems by increasing the polarities in the following order of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Column chromatographic method on normal silica gel was used to isolate the compounds. The structures of the compounds were characterized using 1D NMR techniques. The study revealed that western Ethiopian propolis was rich in saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenes, and glycosides. The antibacterial activity for the isolated compound (betulinic acid) showed the highest inhibition for S. aureus (11.2±1.6), E. coli (17.7±1.1), and A. niger (12.6±1.2) mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariku Neme Afata
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, Jimma University, Ethiopia.,Oromia Region, Dambi Dollo Teachers College, Ethiopia
| | - Aman Dekebo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
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The Oral Wound Healing Potential of Thai Propolis Based on Its Antioxidant Activity and Stimulation of Oral Fibroblast Migration and Proliferation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3503164. [PMID: 35664934 PMCID: PMC9162842 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3503164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Propolis has demonstrated wound healing effects. Propolis’ effects vary based on its composition and geographical origin. However, there are few reports on the effects of propolis on oral wound healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and in vitro gingival wound healing effects of the n-hexane extract of propolis (HEP), ethyl acetate extract of propolis (EEP), and aqueous extract of propolis (AEP) fractions of the ethanol extract of Thai propolis. Materials and Methods. The crude ethanol extract of propolis was obtained by maceration with 95% ethanol that was sequentially fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate, and distilled water. The chemical profiles of the samples were assessed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and FRAP assays. The effects of the propolis fractions on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) proliferation, migration, and in vitro wound healing were determined by MTT, modified Boyden chamber, and scratch assay, respectively. Results. We found that solvent polarity greatly affected the extract yield and TLC profiles. The highest extract yield was found in HEP (38.88%), followed by EEP (19.8%) and AEP (1.42%). TLC revealed 7 spots in the crude ethanol extract (Rf 0.36–0.80), 6 spots in HEP (Rf 0.42–0.80) and EEP (Rf 0.36–0.72), and 4 spots in AEP (Rf 0.17–0.79). GC-MS analysis revealed a high amount of triterpenoids in HEP (82.97%) compared with EEP (28.96%). However, no triterpenoid was found in AEP. The highest antioxidant activity and stimulation of HGF proliferation were observed in HEP, followed by EEP and AEP. HEP and EEP, but not AEP, enhanced HGF migration. However, all propolis fractions induced wound closure. Conclusions. HEP contained a large amount of triterpenoids. Antioxidant and in vitro wound closure effects were found in HEP, EEP, and AEP fractions.
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Chemical Variability and Pharmacological Potential of Propolis as a Source for the Development of New Pharmaceutical Products. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051600. [PMID: 35268700 PMCID: PMC8911684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to analyze propolis as a potential raw material for the development and manufacture of new health-promoting products. Many scientific publications were retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases via searching the word "propolis". The different extraction procedures, key biologically active compounds, biological properties, and therapeutic potential of propolis were analyzed. It was concluded that propolis possesses a variety of biological properties because of a very complex chemical composition that mainly depends on the plant species visited by bees and species of bees. Numerous studies found versatile pharmacological activities of propolis: antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, etc. In this review, the composition and biological activities of propolis are presented from a point of view of the origin and standardization of propolis for the purpose of the development of new pharmaceutical products on its base. It was revealed that some types of propolis, especially European propolis, contain flavonoids and phenolic acids, which could be markers for the standardization and quality evaluation of propolis and its preparations. One more focus of this paper was the overview of microorganisms’ sensitivity to propolis for further development of antimicrobial and antioxidant products for the treatment of various infectious diseases with an emphasis on the illnesses of the oral cavity. It was established that the antimicrobial activity of different types of propolis is quite significant, especially to Gram-negative bacteria and lipophilic viruses. The present study could be also of interest to the pharmaceutical industry as a review for the appropriate design of standardized propolis preparations such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, oral drops, sprays, creams, ointments, suppositories, tablets, and capsules, etc. Moreover, propolis could be regarded as a source for the isolation of biologically active substances. Furthermore, this review can facilitate partially overcoming the problem of the standardization of propolis preparations, which is a principal obstacle to the broader use of propolis in the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, this study could be of interest in the area of the food industry for the development of nutritionally well-balanced products. The results of this review indicate that propolis deserves to be better studied for its promising therapeutic effects from the point of view of the connection of its chemical composition with the locality of its collection, vegetation, appropriate extraction methods, and standardization.
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Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Various Propolis Samples Collected from an African and an Asian Region and Their Impact on Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154589. [PMID: 34361742 PMCID: PMC8347760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activities of propolis samples are the result of many bioactive compounds present in the propolis. The aim of the present study was to determine the various chemical compounds of some selected propolis samples collected from Palestine and Morocco by the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Photodiode Array Detection (HPLC-PDA) method, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of this bee product. The chemical analysis of propolis samples by HPLC-PDA shows the cinnamic acid content in the Palestinian sample is higher compared to that in Moroccan propolis. The results of antioxidant activity demonstrated an important free radical scavenging activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and reducing power assays) with EC50 values ranging between 0.02 ± 0.001 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg/mL. Additionally, all tested propolis samples possessed a moderate antibacterial activity against bacterial strains. Notably, Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) values ranged from 0.31 to 2.50 mg/mL for Gram-negative bacterial strains and from 0.09 to 0.125 mg/mL for Gram-positive bacterial strains. The S2 sample from Morocco and the S4 sample from Palestine had the highest content of polyphenol level. Thus, the strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties were apparently due to the high total phenolic and flavone/flavonol contents in the samples. As a conclusion, the activities of propolis samples collected from both countries are similar, while the cinnamic acid in the Palestinian samples was more than that of the Moroccan samples.
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Balica G, Vostinaru O, Stefanescu C, Mogosan C, Iaru I, Cristina A, Pop CE. Potential Role of Propolis in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:883. [PMID: 33925692 PMCID: PMC8144987 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous mixture with a complex chemical composition, produced by honeybees and stingless bees from a variety of vegetal sources. In the last decades, propolis was extensively researched, multiple studies confirming its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. More recently, due to an exponential increase in the number of patients with metabolic diseases, there is also a growing interest in the study of antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity effects of propolis. The aim of this review was to evaluate the potential role of propolis in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity. The preclinical in vivo and in vitro pharmacological models investigating antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-obesity effects of propolis were reviewed with a focus on the putative mechanisms of actions of several chemical constituents. Additionally, the available clinical studies and an evaluation of the safety profile of propolis were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgeta Balica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gh. Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Oliviu Vostinaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.); (I.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Stefanescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Gh. Marinescu Street, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristina Mogosan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.); (I.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Irina Iaru
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.); (I.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Anamaria Cristina
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Physiopathology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 L. Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.M.); (I.I.); (A.C.)
| | - Carmen Elena Pop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 I. Creanga Street, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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The Scent of Antifungal Propolis. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21072334. [PMID: 33801571 PMCID: PMC8037689 DOI: 10.3390/s21072334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Propolis contains many effective antifungal compounds that have not yet been identified and evaluated. In addition, distinguishing samples of propolis with high antifungal activity from less active ones would be beneficial for effective therapy. Propolis samples were collected from four different geographical regions in Hungary and used to prepare ethanol extracts for analysis. First, an antifungal susceptibility test was performed on Candida albicans. Then, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and an opto-electronic nose were applied for the classification of propolis samples. In three propolis samples, the IC50 was measured between 72 and 134 µg/mL, but it was not calculable in the fourth sample. GC-MS analysis of the four propolis samples identified several compounds belonging to the various chemical classes. In the antifungal samples, the relative concentration of 11,14-eicosadienoic acid was the highest. Based on the opto-electronic electronic nose measurements, 98.4% of the original grouped antifungal/non-antifungal cases were classified correctly. We identified several molecules from propolis with potential antifungal properties. In addition, this is the first report to demonstrate the usefulness of a portable opto-electronic nose to identify propolis samples with high antifungal activity. These results may contribute to the rapid and efficient selection of new fungicide-candidate molecules and effective propolis samples for treatment.
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Silva H, Francisco R, Saraiva A, Francisco S, Carrascosa C, Raposo A. The Cardiovascular Therapeutic Potential of Propolis-A Comprehensive Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010027. [PMID: 33406745 PMCID: PMC7823408 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Propolis, also described as bee glue, is a natural component made up of a resinous mixture of honeybee compounds from multiple botanical sources. The literature has demonstrated a variety of medicinal properties attributed to propolis due to its chemical complexity. However, the positive effects of propolis on cardiovascular health have gained little coverage. Therefore, we aimed to provide an accurate and up-to-date review of the main cardiovascular health benefits of propolis. In particular, we intend to establish the key varieties of propolis and pharmacological compounds with the therapeutic effects that are most encouraging, as well as the physiological processes by which those advantages are accomplished. The Brazilian green and red varieties reveal the greatest number of beneficial activities among the varieties of propolis studied. While much of the cardiovascular beneficial effects appear to derive from the cumulative actions of several compounds working via multiple signaling mechanisms, some individual compounds that may enhance the existing therapeutic arsenal have also shown significant results. It is also worth exploring the prospect of using propolis as food supplements. Abstract Owing to its chemical richness, propolis has a myriad of therapeutic properties. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review paper on propolis to focus exclusively on its major effects for cardiovascular health. The propolis compound varieties with the most promising therapeutic benefits and their respective physiological mechanisms will be discussed. Propolis displays an anti-atherosclerotic activity, attained through modulation of the plasma lipid profile and through stabilization of the fatty plaque by inhibiting macrophage apoptosis, vascular smooth muscle proliferation and metalloproteinase activity. The antihypertensive effects of propolis probably arise through the combination of several mechanisms, including the suppression of catecholamine synthesis, stimulation of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and vascular anti-inflammatory activity. The anti-hemostatic activity of propolis is attributed to the inhibition of platelet plug formation and antifibrinolytic activity. By inhibiting the secretion of proangiogenic factors, propolis suppresses endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis, exerting antiangiogenic activity. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are responsible for protection against vascular endothelial and cardiomyocyte dysfunction, mostly by the prevention of oxidative stress. Among the reviewed propolis varieties, the Brazilian green and red varieties show the largest number of beneficial activities. Further research, especially preclinical, should be conducted to assess the cardiovascular benefits of the given varieties with different compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Rafaela Francisco
- Pharmacological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av Prof Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (A.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Simone Francisco
- Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition Lab—Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain; (A.S.); (C.C.)
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (A.R.)
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Rivera-Yañez N, Rivera-Yañez CR, Pozo-Molina G, Méndez-Catalá CF, Méndez-Cruz AR, Nieto-Yañez O. Biomedical Properties of Propolis on Diverse Chronic Diseases and Its Potential Applications and Health Benefits. Nutrients 2020; 13:E78. [PMID: 33383693 PMCID: PMC7823938 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of alternative medicine products has increased tremendously in recent decades and it is estimated that approximately 80% of patients globally depend on them for some part of their primary health care. Propolis is a beekeeping product widely used in alternative medicine. It is a natural resinous product that bees collect from various plants and mix with beeswax and salivary enzymes and comprises a complex mixture of compounds. Various biomedical properties of propolis have been studied and reported in infectious and non-infectious diseases. However, the pharmacological activity and chemical composition of propolis is highly variable depending on its geographical origin, so it is important to describe and study the biomedical properties of propolis from different geographic regions. A number of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer, are the leading causes of global mortality, generating significant economic losses in many countries. In this review, we focus on compiling relevant information about propolis research related to diabetes, obesity, and cancer. The study of propolis could generate both new and accessible alternatives for the treatment of various diseases and will help to effectively evaluate the safety of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Rivera-Yañez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (C.R.R.-Y.)
| | - C. Rebeca Rivera-Yañez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (N.R.-Y.); (C.R.R.-Y.)
| | - Glustein Pozo-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (G.P.-M.); (C.F.M.-C.)
| | - Claudia F. Méndez-Catalá
- Laboratorio de Genética y Oncología Molecular, Laboratorio 5, Edificio A4, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; (G.P.-M.); (C.F.M.-C.)
| | - Adolfo R. Méndez-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Unidad de Morfofisiología y Función, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico;
| | - Oscar Nieto-Yañez
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico
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Ayikobua ET, Kasolo J, Kasozi KI, Eze ED, Safiriyu A, Ninsiima HI, Kiyimba K, Namulema J, Jjesero E, Ssempijja F, Semuyaba I, Mwandah DC, Kimanje KR, Kalange M, Okpanachi AO, Nansunga M. Synergistic action of propolis with levodopa in the management of Parkinsonism in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:jcim-2019-0136. [PMID: 32386191 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background The Phosphatase and tensin-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1B9) mutant for Drosophila melanogaster is a key tool that has been used in assessing the pathology of Parkinsonism and its possible remedy. This research was targeted toward determining the effects of ethanolic extract of propolis, with levodopa therapy in the management of Parkinsonism. Method The PINK1B9 flies were divided into groups and fed with the different treatment doses of ethanoic extract of propolis. The treatment groups were subjected to 21 days of administration of propolis and the levodopa at different doses after which percentage climbing index, antioxidant activity and lifespan studies were done. Results Propolis alone improved motor activity, antioxidant and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster than in PINK1 flies. Propolis in combination with levodopa significantly (P<0.05) improved physiological parameters at higher than lower concentrations in Parkinsonism Drosophila melanogaster demonstrating its importance in managing side effects associated with levodopa. Conclusion Propolis is a novel candidate as an alternative and integrative medicinal option to use in the management of Parkinsonism in both animals and humans at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, 211Soroti, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University Mbale Campus, Box 203Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Josephine Kasolo
- Department of Physiology, Makerere University College of health Science, Box 7072, KampalaUganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Box 203Soroti, Uganda
| | - Ejike Daniel Eze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Abass Safiriyu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Herbert Izo Ninsiima
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Box 317Kabale, Uganda
| | - Kennedy Kiyimba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Jackline Namulema
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Uzima University College - CUEA, P.O Box 2502-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Edward Jjesero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University estern Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Semuyaba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Daniel Chans Mwandah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kyobe Ronald Kimanje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Muhamudu Kalange
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Miriam Nansunga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, St. Augustine International University, P.O Box 88, Kampala, Uganda
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In Vitro Evaluation of Palestinian Propolis as a Natural Product with Antioxidant Properties and Antimicrobial Activity against Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Isolates. J FOOD QUALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/8861395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work reveals, for the first time, the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of propolis samples collected from different regions of Palestine. The content on bioactive compounds has been estimated by total phenolic and flavone and flavonol content, while their antioxidant activity has been determined by radical scavenging methods of 1,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical (ABTS), and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP). The disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods were carried out to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Palestinian propolis against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, includingEscherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,andStreptococcus faecalis. The results showed that the total phenolic content ranged from 9.62 mg to 124.94 mg gallic acid equivalent GAE/g of propolis, and the flavone and flavonol content ranged from 1.06 to 75.31 mg quercetin equivalent QE/g of propolis. The samples S6 from Al-Khalil presented the strongest radical scavenging activity toward DPPH, ABTS free radicals, and FRAP assay with IC50values of 0.02, 0.03, and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. The results of antibacterial activity indicated that the propolis samples inhibit the growth of Gram-positive strains better than Gram-negative ones. In addition, a strong correlation was observed between the pH, resin, balsam, total phenolic, flavones and flavonol, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) from one side and the antibacterial activity of propolis samples except onPseudomonas aeruginosa.
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12
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Avula B, Sagi S, Masoodi MH, Bae JY, Wali AF, Khan IA. Quantification and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Northern Indian Propolis Extracts and Dietary Supplements. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1378-1393. [PMID: 33241387 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees. Propolis extracts have been used for anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. The use of propolis dietary supplements has been increasing in the United States and the rest of the world. OBJECTIVE A simple, economic, and valid analytical method is needed for quality assessment of dietary supplements and extracts claiming to contain propolis. METHODS A ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) quadropole time-of-flight-MS method was used to characterize the chemical composition of northern Indian propolis. Fourteen major phenolic compounds were quantified using a UHPLC-DAD method. An HPTLC method was used to develop chemical fingerprinting profiles for propolis extracts and dietary supplements. The seven propolis extracts and 14 dietary supplements purchased in the U.S. were analyzed using the UHPLC-DAD-QToF method. RESULTS Fifty-seven compounds belonging to phenolic, coumarin, fatty acid, and terpene classes were identified in propolis extracts. Based on quantification results, the content of 14 phenolic compounds in propolis extracts varied from 19-32% in dietary supplements, a significant variation to the recommended daily intake (0.2-94 mg/day). CONCLUSIONS/HIGHLIGHTS The developed analytical methods can be used for quality assessment of propolis extracts and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Avula
- The University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, University, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Satyanarayanaraju Sagi
- The University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, University, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mubashir H Masoodi
- University of Kashmir, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Srinagar, 190006 J & K, India
| | - Ji-Yeong Bae
- The University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, University, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Adil F Wali
- University of Kashmir, Faculty of Applied Sciences & Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Srinagar, 190006 J & K, India
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- The University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, National Center for Natural Products Research, University, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.,The University of Mississippi, Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacognosy, University, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Asgharpour F, Moghadamnia AA, Motallebnejad M, Nouri HR. Propolis attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses through intracellular ROS and NO levels along with downregulation of IL-1β and IL-6 expressions in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12926. [PMID: 31368546 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Propolis had a wide spectrum of biological activities. In the current study, antioxidative and the immunomodulatory effects of the Polur ethanol extract of propolis (PEEP) in murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells were investigated. Bioactive composition of the PEEP was determined by HPLC analysis. Cells were treated with different concentrations of PEEP and LPS, then cell viability, NO levels, and expression of inflammatory factors were evaluated. HPLC analysis of PEEP indicated the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acid. The PEEP inhibited the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells with IC50 15 ± 3.2 µg/ml. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO production was significantly reduced by 0.15 µg/ml of PEEP. Additionally, expression of Cox-2, IL-1β and IL-6 significantly decreased. The obtained results supported the PEEP anti-inflammatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells may be applied via reducing ROS and NO production along with COX-2, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Propolis is a resinous substance produced by the honeybee that has been adopted as a form of traditional medicine since ancient times. The main compounds found in propolis are typically various and depend on the type of plants and climatic region. In this respect, a wide spectrum of biological activities for propolis has been identified including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, as well as antifungal properties. This extraordinary substance is rich in flavonoids and antioxidants. Therefore, it is now widely used in foods and drinks with the claim that it can maintain or improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Asgharpour
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical sciences, Babol, Iran.,Dental Materials Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mina Motallebnejad
- Oral Health Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Ayikobua ET, Semuyaba I, Eze DE, Kalange M, Nansunga M, Okpanachi AO, Safiriyu AA. Combined Donepezil and Ethanolic Extract of Propolis Improved Memory Better Than Donepezil and Propolis Monotherapy in Wild Type Drosophila melanogaster. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:3717328. [PMID: 30158994 PMCID: PMC6109536 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3717328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donepezil is the most common drug used in the treatment of disorders associated with memory loss, especially that in Alzheimer's disease. Healthy individuals however have continued to use it as a memory enhancer. This study was aimed at evaluating the combined therapy of donepezil and propolis on cognition in Drosophila melanogaster. Method. Drosophila melanogaster flies were divided into five groups and fed with the different treatment doses of ethanolic extract of propolis and donepezil as follows: normal food, propolis 250 mg/mL, propolis 50 mg/mL, donepezil 0.001M, and donepezil 0.001M/propolis 50 mg/mL added to their food. The flies were fed from larval stage for 30 days. The memory and learning tests were conducted after every 10 days to assess improvement with time. RESULTS The results obtained showed that the combination of propolis with donepezil caused a remarkable improvement in both the short- and long-term memory. In addition, there was a dose dependent improvement with the administration of propolis. CONCLUSION Propolis extract obtained from different parts of Uganda expressed cognitive improvement when coadministered with donepezil in wild type Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Semuyaba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Daniel Ejike Eze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Muhamudu Kalange
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mariam Nansunga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, St. Augustine International University, P.O. Box 88, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Abass Alao Safiriyu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
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In vitro anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities of extracts of Persea willdenovii Kosterm (Lauraceae). J Helminthol 2017; 92:674-680. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study describes the effects of extracts and fractions of Persea willdenovii leaves against goat gastrointestinal nematodes and their cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activities of the crude ethanolic, hexane, ethyl acetate (EAE), butanolic and residual hydroethanolic extracts were assessed through the inhibition of egg hatching and larval motility assays. The most active extract (EAE) was then fractionated by chromatography in an open column containing silica gel, to furnish six fractions (Fr1–Fr6), which were also tested. The cytotoxicity of active extracts and fractions was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. The EAE and two fractions (Fr1 and Fr2) showed inhibitory activity in the egg hatching of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats in a concentration-dependent manner. The effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) of egg hatching were 2.3, 0.12 and 2.94 mg/ml for EAE, Fr1 and Fr2, respectively. All extracts and fractions were not effective in inhibiting 50% of motility of infective larvae. EAE and Fr2 had IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentration) of 4.95 and 2.66 mg/ml, respectively. Fr1 showed a slight cytotoxic effect (cellular inviability <30%) only after 48 h of treatment (MTT test). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed the presence of six fatty acid ethyl esters, a fatty acid methyl ester and a long-chain ketone in the most active fraction. These constituents identified in P. willdenovii can be related to the high ovicidal activity and relatively non-toxic effect of the extracts.
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Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Brazilian Green Propolis Encapsulated in a γ-Cyclodextrin Complex in Mice Fed a Western-Type Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061141. [PMID: 28587122 PMCID: PMC5485965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is often accompanied by chronic inflammation. A fat- and sugar-rich Western-type diet (WTD) may accelerate the ageing phenotype. Cell culture studies have indicated that artepillin C-containing Brazilian green propolis exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. However, little is known regarding its anti-inflammatory potential in mouse liver in vivo. In this study, female C57BL/6NRj wild-type mice were fed a WTD, a WTD supplemented with Brazilian green propolis supercritical extract (GPSE) encapsulated in γ-cyclodextrin (γCD) or a WTD plus γCD for 10 weeks. GPSE-γCD did not affect the food intake, body weight or body composition of the mice. However, mRNA levels of the tumour necrosis factor α were significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in these mice compared to those in the WTD-fed controls. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of other pro-inflammatory markers, including serum amyloid P, were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased following GPSE-γCD treatment. GPSE-γCD significantly induced hepatic ferritin gene expression (p < 0.01), which may contribute to its anti-inflammatory properties. Conversely, GPSE-γCD did not affect the biomarkers of endogenous antioxidant defence, including catalase, glutathione peroxidase-4, paraoxonase-1, glutamate cysteine ligase and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Overall, the present data suggest that dietary GPSE-γCD exhibits anti-inflammatory, but not antioxidant activity in mouse liver in vivo. Thus, GPSE-γCD has the potential to serve as a natural hepatoprotective bioactive compound for dietary-mediated strategies against chronic inflammation.
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Zabaiou N, Fouache A, Trousson A, Baron S, Zellagui A, Lahouel M, Lobaccaro JMA. Biological properties of propolis extracts: Something new from an ancient product. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 207:214-222. [PMID: 28411017 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are an interesting source of new therapeutics, especially for cancer therapy as 70% of them have botany origin. Propolis, a resinous mixture that honey bees collect and transform from tree buds, sap flows, or other botanical sources, has been used by ethnobotany and traditional practitioners as early in Egypt as 3000 BCE. Enriched in flavonoids, phenol acids and terpene derivatives, propolis has been widely used for its antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Even though it is a challenge to standardize propolis composition, chemical analyses have pointed out interesting molecules that also present anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative properties that are of interest in the field of anti-cancer therapy. This review describes the various geographical origins and compositions of propolis, and analyzes how the main compounds of propolis could modulate cell signaling. A focus is made on the putative use of propolis in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Zabaiou
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne,58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Université Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, 18000 Jijel, Algeria
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne,58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne,58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne,58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amar Zellagui
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Plant Breeding, Université Larbi Ben M'hidi, 04000 Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
| | - Mesbah Lahouel
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Science, Université Mohamed Seddik Ben Yahia, 18000 Jijel, Algeria.
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne,58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Al-Ghamdi AA, Bayaqoob NIM, Rushdi AI, Alattal Y, Simoneit BRT, El-Mubarak AH, Al-Mutlaq KF. Chemical compositions and characteristics of organic compounds in propolis from Yemen. Saudi J Biol Sci 2016; 24:1094-1103. [PMID: 28663710 PMCID: PMC5478286 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a gummy material made by honeybees for protecting their hives from bacteria and fungi. The main objective of this study is to determine the chemical compositions and concentrations of organic compounds in the extractable organic matter (EOM) of propolis samples collected from four different regions in Yemen. The propolis samples were extracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results showed that the total extract yields ranged from 34% to 67% (mean = 55.5 ± 12.4%). The major compounds were triterpenoids (254 ± 188 mg g−1, mainly α-, β-amyryl and dammaradienyl acetates), n-alkenes (145 ± 89 mg g−1), n-alkanes (65 ± 29 mg g−1), n-alkanoic acids (40 ± 26 mg g−1), long chain wax esters (38 ± 25 mg g−1), n-alkanols (8 ± 3 mg g−1) and methyl n-alkanoates (6 ± 4 mg g−1). The variation in the propolis chemical compositions is apparently related to the different plant sources. The compounds of these propolis samples indicate that they are potential sources of natural bio-active compounds for biological and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A Al-Ghamdi
- Chair of Engineer Abdullah Ahmad Bagshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nowfal I M Bayaqoob
- Chair of Engineer Abdullah Ahmad Bagshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Rushdi
- ETAL Consulting and Services, 2951 SE Midvale Dr., Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yehya Alattal
- Chair of Engineer Abdullah Ahmad Bagshan for Bee Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bernd R T Simoneit
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Aarif H El-Mubarak
- Chair of Green Energy Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Khalid F Al-Mutlaq
- Chair of Green Energy Research, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Organic Tracers from Asphalt in Propolis Produced by Urban Honey Bees, Apis mellifera Linn. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128311. [PMID: 26075382 PMCID: PMC4468070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a gummy material produced by honey bees to protect their hives and currently has drawn the attention of researchers due to its broad clinical use. It has been reported, based only on observations, that honey bees also collect other non-vegetation substances such as paint or asphalt/tar to make propolis. Therefore, propolis samples were collected from bee hives in Riyadh and Al-Bahah, a natural area, Saudi Arabia to determine their compositional characteristics and possible sources of the neutral organic compounds. The samples were extracted with hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the major compounds were n-alkanes, n-alkenes, methyl n-alkanoates, long chain wax esters, triterpenoids and hopanes. The n-alkanes (ranging from C17 to C40) were significant with relative concentrations varying from 23.8 to 56.8% (mean = 44.9+9.4%) of the total extracts. Their odd carbon preference index (CPI) ranged from 3.6 to 7.7, with a maximum concentration at heptacosane indicating inputs from higher plant vegetation wax. The relative concentrations of the n-alkenes varied from 23.8 to 41.19% (mean = 35.6+5.1%), with CPI = 12.4-31.4, range from C25 to C35 and maximum at tritriacontane. Methyl n-alkanoates, ranged from C12 to C26 as acids, with concentrations from 3.11 to 33.2% (mean = 9.6+9.5%). Long chain wax esters and triterpenoids were minor. The main triterpenoids were α- and β-amyrins, amyrones and amyryl acetates. The presence of hopanes in some total extracts (up to 12.5%) indicated that the bees also collected petroleum derivatives from vicinal asphalt and used that as an additional ingredient to make propolis. Therefore, caution should be taken when considering the chemical compositions of propolis as potential sources of natural products for biological and pharmacological applications. Moreover, beekeepers should be aware of the proper source of propolis in the flight range of their bee colonies.
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Propolis: A Complex Natural Product with a Plethora of Biological Activities That Can Be Explored for Drug Development. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:206439. [PMID: 26106433 PMCID: PMC4461776 DOI: 10.1155/2015/206439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The health industry has always used natural products as a rich, promising, and alternative source of drugs that are used in the health system. Propolis, a natural resinous product known for centuries, is a complex product obtained by honey bees from substances collected from parts of different plants, buds, and exudates in different geographic areas. Propolis has been attracting scientific attention since it has many biological and pharmacological properties, which are related to its chemical composition. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed to characterize and understand the diverse bioactivities of propolis and its isolated compounds, as well as to evaluate and validate its potential. Yet, there is a lack of information concerning clinical effectiveness. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential of propolis for the development of new drugs by presenting published data concerning the chemical composition and the biological properties of this natural compound from different geographic origins.
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Papachroni D, Graikou K, Kosalec I, Damianakos H, Ingram V, Chinou I. Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Evaluation of Selected African Propolis Samples from Cameroon and Congo. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was the chemical analysis of four selected samples of African propolis (Congo and Cameroon) and their biological evaluation. Twenty-one secondary metabolites belonging to four different chemical groups were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extracts of propolis and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence. Three triterpenes and two diprenyl-flavonoids were identified from Congo propolis, which has been investigated for the first time, while thirteen triterpenes, three diprenyl-flavonoids, two monoterpenic alcohols and one fatty acid ester have been identified from Cameroon propolis samples. To our knowledge, the identified diprenyl-flavonoids, as well as five of the isolated and determined triterpenes, are reported for the first time in propolis. Moreover, the total polyphenol content was estimated in all extracts and the antimicrobial activities of all four extracts were studied against six Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and three pathogenic fungi, showing an interesting antibacterial profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danai Papachroni
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Konstantia Graikou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Harilaos Damianakos
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Chinou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
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