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Kiyimba K, Ayikobua ET, Mwandah DC, Obakiro SB. Assessing the protective effect of Crassocephalum vitellinum against Rifampicin- induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Afr Health Sci 2022; 22:352-360. [PMID: 36032444 PMCID: PMC9382464 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v22i1.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Crassocephalum vitellinum is widely used by traditional medical practitioners and local people in East Africa to manage a large number of ailments including hepatitis 1. However, its hepatoprotective effects had not been evaluated prior to this study. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of an ethanolic leaf extract of Crassocephalum vitellinum against rifampicin-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats.
Methods: Increasing doses of an ethanolic leaf extract of C. vitellinum were administered to Wistar rats daily for 35 days, together with rifampicin given orally as suspension. After the treatment period, Assessment of hepatoprotective activity was done by analysis of serum levels of biochemical and histopathological effects on the liver.
Results: The results showed that administration of C. vitellinum extract significantly prevented drug- induced increase in serum levels of liver biomarker enzymes and also decreased the hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration.Conclusion: The plant extract loweres the liver biomarker enzymes (ALT, ALP, AST) and preserves the histomorphology of the hepatocytes which is suggestive that the plant possess hepatoprotective properties.
Keywords: Crassocephalum vitellinum; antitubercular drugs; drug-induced hepatotoxicity; hepatoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenedy Kiyimba
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of health sciences, Busitema University
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International Univrsity, Western Campus
| | | | - Daniel Chans Mwandah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International Univrsity, Western Campus
| | - Samuel Baker Obakiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of health sciences, Busitema University
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Mujinya R, Kalange M, Ochieng JJ, Ninsiima HI, Eze ED, Afodun AM, Nabirumbi R, Sulaiman SO, Kairania E, Echoru I, Okpanachi AO, Matama K, Asiimwe OH, Nambuya G, Usman IM, Obado OL, Zirintunda G, Ssempijja F, Nansunga M, Matovu H, Ayikobua ET, Nganda PE, Onanyang D, Ekou J, Musinguzi SP, Ssimbwa G, Kasozi KI. Cerebral Cortical Activity During Academic Stress Amongst Undergraduate Medical Students at Kampala International University (Uganda). Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:551508. [PMID: 35757206 PMCID: PMC9231459 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.551508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress among medical students is related to their academic lifespan; however, information on brain health among medical students from developing countries continues to be scarce. The objective of this study was to establish perceived academic stress levels, assess the ability to cope with stress, and investigate its effects on the visual reaction time (VRT), audio reaction time (ART), and tactile reaction time (TRT) in the somatosensory cortex among medical students of Uganda. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted among preclinical (n = 88) and clinical (n = 96) undergraduate medical students at Kampala International University Western Campus. A standard Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to categorize stress into low, moderate, and severe while the ability to cope with stress was categorized into below average, average, above average, and superior stresscoper (SS). Data on reaction time were acquired through VRT, ART, and TRT using the catch-a-ruler experiment, and this was analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS This study shows that preclinical students are more stressed than clinical students (PSS prevalence for low stress = preclinical; clinical: 40, 60%). Moderate stress was 48.4 and 51.6% while high perceived stress was 75 and 25% among preclinical and clinical students. Among male and female students in preclinical years, higher TRT and VRT were found in clinical students showing that stress affects the tactile and visual cortical areas in the brain, although the VRT scores were only significantly (P = 0.0123) poor in male students than female students in biomedical sciences. Also, highly stressed individuals had higher TRT and ART and low VRT. SS had high VRT and ART and low TRT in preclinical students, demonstrating the importance of the visual cortex in stress plasticity. Multiple regression showed a close relationship between PSS, ability to cope with stress, age, and educational level (P < 0.05), demonstrating the importance of social and psychological support, especially in the biomedical sciences. CONCLUSION Preclinical students suffer more from stress and are poorer SS than clinical students. This strongly impairs their cortical regions in the brain, thus affecting their academic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan Mujinya
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Muhamudu Kalange
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Juma John Ochieng
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | | | - Adam Moyosore Afodun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | | | - Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Kairania
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Isaac Echoru
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | | | - Kevin Matama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Oscar Hilary Asiimwe
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Grace Nambuya
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | - Gerald Zirintunda
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Miriam Nansunga
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.,Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henry Matovu
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | | | - Ponsiano Ernest Nganda
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - David Onanyang
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Justine Ekou
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Simon Peter Musinguzi
- Department of Agriculture Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Ssimbwa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, Arua, Uganda
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Archibong V, Usman IM, Kasozi KI, Aigbogun EO, Josiah I, Monima AL, Ssebuufu R, Chekwech G, Terkimbi SD, Owoisinke O, Mbiydzenyuy NE, Adeoye A, Aruwa JO, Afodun AM, Odoma S, Ssempijja F, Ayikobua ET, Ayuba JT, Nankya V, Onongha C, Henry S, Matama K, Yusuf H, Nalugo H, MacLeod E, Welburn SC. Anxiety, Anger and Depression Amongst Low-Income Earners in Southwestern Uganda During the COVID-19 Total Lockdown. Front Public Health 2021; 9:590458. [PMID: 34956994 PMCID: PMC8695878 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.590458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Low-income earners are particularly vulnerable to mental health, consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown restrictions, due to a temporary or permanent loss of income and livelihood, coupled with government-enforced measures of social distancing. This study evaluates the mental health status among low-income earners in southwestern Uganda during the first total COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken amongst earners whose income falls below the poverty threshold. Two hundred and fifty-three (n = 253) male and female low-income earners between the ages of 18 and 60 years of age were recruited to the study. Modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tools as appropriate were used to assess anxiety, anger, and depression respectively among our respondents. Results: Severe anxiety (68.8%) followed by moderate depression (60.5%) and moderate anger (56.9%) were the most common mental health challenges experienced by low-income earners in Bushenyi district. Awareness of mental healthcare increased with the age of respondents in both males and females. A linear relationship was observed with age and depression (r = 0.154, P = 0.014) while positive correlations were observed between anxiety and anger (r = 0.254, P < 0.001); anxiety and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015) and anger and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015). Conclusion: The study shows the importance of mental health awareness in low resource settings during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Females were identified as persons at risk to mental depression, while anger was highest amongst young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Archibong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ifie Josiah
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ann Lemuel Monima
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Gaudencia Chekwech
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Swase Dominic Terkimbi
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Okon Owoisinke
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Ngala Elvis Mbiydzenyuy
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Azeez Adeoye
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Joshua Ojodale Aruwa
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Adam Moyosore Afodun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Busitema, Uganda
| | - Saidi Odoma
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | - John Tabakwot Ayuba
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Viola Nankya
- School of Nursing, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Comfort Onongha
- School of Nursing, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Sussan Henry
- School of Nursing, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Helen Yusuf
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Halima Nalugo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ewan MacLeod
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
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Moubarak M, Kasozi KI, Hetta HF, Shaheen HM, Rauf A, Al-kuraishy HM, Qusti S, Alshammari EM, Ayikobua ET, Ssempijja F, Afodun AM, Kenganzi R, Usman IM, Ochieng JJ, Osuwat LO, Matama K, Al-Gareeb AI, Kairania E, Musenero M, Welburn SC, Batiha GES. The Rise of SARS-CoV-2 Variants and the Role of Convalescent Plasma Therapy for Management of Infections. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:734. [PMID: 34440478 PMCID: PMC8399171 DOI: 10.3390/life11080734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies for the treatment of COVID-19 are continuing to emerge as the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic progresses. PCR remains the standard benchmark for initial diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, while advances in immunological profiling are guiding clinical treatment. The SARS-Cov-2 virus has undergone multiple mutations since its emergence in 2019, resulting in changes in virulence that have impacted on disease severity globally. The emergence of more virulent variants of SARS-Cov-2 remains challenging for effective disease control during this pandemic. Major variants identified to date include B.1.1.7, B.1.351; P.1; B.1.617.2; B.1.427; P.2; P.3; B.1.525; and C.37. Globally, large unvaccinated populations increase the risk of more and more variants arising. With successive waves of COVID-19 emerging, strategies that mitigate against community transmission need to be implemented, including increased vaccination coverage. For treatment, convalescent plasma therapy, successfully deployed during recent Ebola outbreaks and for H1N1 influenza, can increase survival rates and improve host responses to viral challenge. Convalescent plasma is rich with cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-8), CCL2, and TNFα, neutralizing antibodies, and clotting factors essential for the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical trials can inform and guide treatment policy, leading to mainstream adoption of convalescent therapy. This review examines the limited number of clinical trials published, to date that have deployed this therapy and explores clinical trials in progress for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moubarak
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (M.M.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale P.O. Box 317, Uganda
| | - Helal F. Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (M.M.); (H.M.S.)
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan;
| | - Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyia University, P.O. Box 14022 Baghdad, Iraq;
| | - Safaa Qusti
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eida M. Alshammari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
- School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti P.O. Box 211, Uganda; (E.T.A.); (L.O.O.)
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi P.O. Box 71, Uganda; (F.S.); (I.M.U.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Adam Moyosore Afodun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo P.O. Box 236, Uganda; (A.M.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Ritah Kenganzi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi P.O. Box 71, Uganda;
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi P.O. Box 71, Uganda; (F.S.); (I.M.U.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Juma John Ochieng
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi P.O. Box 71, Uganda; (F.S.); (I.M.U.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Lawrence Obado Osuwat
- School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti P.O. Box 211, Uganda; (E.T.A.); (L.O.O.)
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi P.O. Box 71, Uganda;
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, College of Medicine Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad P.O. Box 14022, Iraq;
| | - Emmanuel Kairania
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo P.O. Box 236, Uganda; (A.M.A.); (E.K.)
| | - Monica Musenero
- Ministry of Science Technology and Innovations, Government of Uganda, Kampala P.O. Box 7466, Uganda;
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, 1 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Institute, Zhejiang University, International Campus, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining 314400, China
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt; (M.M.); (H.M.S.)
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Kasozi KI, Otim EO, Ninsiima HI, Zirintunda G, Tamale A, Ekou J, Musoke GH, Muyinda R, Matama K, Mujinya R, Matovu H, Ssempijja F, Eze ED, Atino M, Udechukwu B, Kayima R, Etiang P, Ayikobua ET, Kembabazi S, Usman IM, Sulaiman SO, Natabo PC, Kyeyune GN, Batiha GES, Otim O. An analysis of heavy metals contamination and estimating the daily intakes of vegetables from Uganda. Toxicology Research and Application 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847320985255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Environmental contamination with elevated levels of copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr6+), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni)—all states of which are found in Uganda—raises health risk to the public. Pb, Cr6+, Cd, and Ni for instance are generally considered nonessential to cellular functions, notwithstanding the importance of the oxidative state of the metals in bioavailability. As such, we aimed in this study (i) to evaluate heavy metal concentrations in four vegetables from a typical open-air market in Uganda, (ii) to assess the safety of consuming these vegetables against the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits of heavy metals consumption, and (iii) to formulate a model of estimated daily intake (EDI) among consumers in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in five georeferenced markets of Bushenyi district in January 2020. Amaranthus, cabbages, scarlet eggplants, and tomatoes were collected from open markets, processed, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. Modeled EDI, principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were conducted to identify relationships in the samples. Results: The levels of essential elements in the four vegetables were found to fall from Co > Cu > Fe > Zn. Those of non-essential metals were significantly higher and followed the pattern Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni. The highest EDI values were those of Cu in scarlet eggplants, Zn in amaranthus, Fe in amaranthus, Co in amaranthus, Pb in cabbages, total Cr in scarlet eggplant, Cd in cabbages and tomatoes, and Ni in cabbages. In comparison to international limits, EDIs for Zn, Cu, Co and Fe were low while Ni in cabbages were high. PCA showed high variations in scarlet eggplant and amaranthus. The study vegetables were found to be related with each other, not according to the location of the markets from where they were obtained, but according to their species by CA. Conclusion: The presence of non-essential elements above WHO limits raises policy challenges for the consumption and marketing of vegetables in the study area. Furthermore, low EDIs of essential elements in the vegetables create demand for nutritious foods to promote healthy communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Eric Oloya Otim
- College of Engineering and Sciences, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN, USA
| | | | - Gerald Zirintunda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Andrew Tamale
- Department of Wildlife Resources, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Justin Ekou
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Grace Henry Musoke
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Cavendish University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Muyinda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Regan Mujinya
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Henry Matovu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | - Mauryn Atino
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Bede Udechukwu
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ronald Kayima
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Patrick Etiang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Soroti, Uganda
| | | | - Stellamaris Kembabazi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Phyllis Candy Natabo
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Grace Nambatya Kyeyune
- Directorate of Research, Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Ochan Otim
- Department of Humanities and Sciences, University of California – Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
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Kalange M, Nansunga M, Kasozi KI, Kasolo J, Namulema J, Atusiimirwe JK, Ayikobua ET, Ssempijja F, Munanura EI, Matama K, Semuyaba I, Zirintunda G, Okpanachi AO. Correction to: Antimalarial combination therapies increase gastric ulcers through an imbalance of basic antioxidative-oxidative enzymes in male Wistar rats. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:245. [PMID: 32423464 PMCID: PMC7236118 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
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7
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Ayikobua ET, Kasolo J, Kasozi KI, Eze ED, Safiriyu A, Ninsiima HI, Kiyimba K, Namulema J, Jjesero E, Ssempijja F, Semuyaba I, Mwandah DC, Kimanje KR, Kalange M, Okpanachi AO, Nansunga M. Synergistic action of propolis with levodopa in the management of Parkinsonism in Drosophila melanogaster. J Complement Integr Med 2020; 17:jcim-2019-0136. [PMID: 32386191 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background The Phosphatase and tensin-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1B9) mutant for Drosophila melanogaster is a key tool that has been used in assessing the pathology of Parkinsonism and its possible remedy. This research was targeted toward determining the effects of ethanolic extract of propolis, with levodopa therapy in the management of Parkinsonism. Method The PINK1B9 flies were divided into groups and fed with the different treatment doses of ethanoic extract of propolis. The treatment groups were subjected to 21 days of administration of propolis and the levodopa at different doses after which percentage climbing index, antioxidant activity and lifespan studies were done. Results Propolis alone improved motor activity, antioxidant and lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster than in PINK1 flies. Propolis in combination with levodopa significantly (P<0.05) improved physiological parameters at higher than lower concentrations in Parkinsonism Drosophila melanogaster demonstrating its importance in managing side effects associated with levodopa. Conclusion Propolis is a novel candidate as an alternative and integrative medicinal option to use in the management of Parkinsonism in both animals and humans at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, 211Soroti, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University Mbale Campus, Box 203Mbale, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Josephine Kasolo
- Department of Physiology, Makerere University College of health Science, Box 7072, KampalaUganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Box 203Soroti, Uganda
| | - Ejike Daniel Eze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Abass Safiriyu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Herbert Izo Ninsiima
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Box 317Kabale, Uganda
| | - Kennedy Kiyimba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Jackline Namulema
- Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Uzima University College - CUEA, P.O Box 2502-40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Edward Jjesero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University estern Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Semuyaba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Daniel Chans Mwandah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kyobe Ronald Kimanje
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Muhamudu Kalange
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Miriam Nansunga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, St. Augustine International University, P.O Box 88, Kampala, Uganda
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8
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Kasozi KI, MacLeod E, Ssempijja F, Mahero MW, Matama K, Musoke GH, Bardosh K, Ssebuufu R, Wakoko-Studstil F, Echoru I, Ayikobua ET, Mujinya R, Nambuya G, Onohuean H, Zirintunda G, Ekou J, Welburn SC. Misconceptions on COVID-19 Risk Among Ugandan Men: Results From a Rapid Exploratory Survey, April 2020. Front Public Health 2020; 8:416. [PMID: 32850606 PMCID: PMC7405654 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Transmission of COVID-19 in developing countries is expected to surpass that in developed countries; however, information on community perceptions of this new disease is scarce. The aim of the study was to identify possible misconceptions among males and females toward COVID-19 in Uganda using a rapid online survey distributed via social media. Methods: A cross-sectional survey carried out in early April 2020 was conducted with 161 Ugandans, who purposively participated in the online questionnaire that assessed understandings of COVID-19 risk and infection. Sixty-four percent of respondents were male and 36% were female. Results: We found significant divergences of opinion on gendered susceptibility to COVID-19. Most female respondents considered infection risk, symptoms, severe signs, and death to be equally distributed between genders. In contrast, male respondents believed they were more at risk of infection, severe symptoms, severe signs, and death (52.7 vs. 30.6%, RR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.14-2.8). Most women did not share this perception and disagreed that males were at higher risk of infection (by a factor of three), symptoms (79% disagree), severe signs (71%, disagree), and death (70.2% disagree). Overall, most respondents considered children less vulnerable (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.55-2.2) to COVID-19 than adults, that children present with less symptoms (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 0.77-3.19), and that there would be less mortality in children (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.41-1.88). Of female respondents, 76.4% considered mortality from COVID-19 to be different between the young and the elderly (RR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.01-2.92) and 92.7% believed young adults would show fewer signs than the elderly, and 71.4% agreed that elderly COVID-19 patients would show more severe signs than the young (OR = 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.8). While respondents considered that all races were susceptible to the signs and symptoms of infection as well as death from COVID-19, they considered mortality would be highest among white people from Europe and the USA. Some respondents (mostly male 33/102, 32.4%) considered COVID-19 to be a "disease of whites" (30.2%). Conclusion: The WHO has identified women and children in rural communities as vulnerable persons who should be given more attention in the COVID-19 national response programs across Africa; however, our study has found that men in Uganda perceive themselves to be at greater risk and that these contradictory perceptions (including the association of COVID-19 with "the white" race) suggest an important discrepancy in the communication of who is most vulnerable and why. Further research is urgently needed to validate and expand the results of this small exploratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ewan MacLeod
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Michael W Mahero
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Henry Musoke
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Cavendish University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kevin Bardosh
- Center for One Health Research, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robinson Ssebuufu
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Florence Wakoko-Studstil
- Department of Criminal Justice & Sociology, College of Letters and Sciences, Columbus State University, Columbus, GA, United States
| | - Isaac Echoru
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | | | - Regan Mujinya
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Grace Nambuya
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Hope Onohuean
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gerald Zirintunda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Justine Ekou
- Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Tororo, Uganda
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
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9
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Echoru I, Kasozi KI, Usman IM, Mutuku IM, Ssebuufu R, Ajambo PD, Ssempijja F, Mujinya R, Matama K, Musoke GH, Ayikobua ET, Ninsiima HI, Dare SS, Eze ED, Bukenya EE, Keyune Nambatya G, MacLeod E, Welburn SC. University Lecturers and Students Could Help in Community Education About SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Uganda. Health Serv Insights 2020; 13:1178632920944167. [PMID: 32782429 PMCID: PMC7383606 DOI: 10.1177/1178632920944167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization has placed a lot of attention on vulnerable communities of Africa due to their chronically weak health care systems. Recent findings from Uganda show that medical staff members have sufficient knowledge but poor attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and preparedness/practices of lecturers and students in the fight against COVID-19. METHOD This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 103 lecturers and students both men and women of age group 18 to 69 years in western Uganda. Data were obtained through a pretested questionnaire availed online. RESULTS Knowledge on COVID-19 symptoms was highest in this order: fever > dry cough > difficulty breathing > fatigue > headache with no significant differences between lecturers and students. Knowledge of participants on transmission of COVID-19 was highest in the order of cough drops > contaminated surfaces > person-to-person contact > asymptomatic persons > airborne > zoonotic with no significant differences among lecturers and students. Lecturers and students were all willing to continue using personal protective equipment like masks, and personal practices such as covering the mouth while sneezing and coughing, no handshaking, and washing of hands with no significant differences in the responses. The positive attitudes that COVID-19 could kill, anyone can get COVID-19, and willing to abide by the set regulations against the pandemic showed personal concerns and desired efforts against COVID-19. CONCLUSION The study identifies lecturers and students as potential stakeholders in the fight against community transmission of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Echoru
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, and College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ibe Michael Usman
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | - Robinson Ssebuufu
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Patricia Decanar Ajambo
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Regan Mujinya
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Grace Henry Musoke
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Cavendish University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | | | - Samuel Sunday Dare
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, and College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ejike Daniel Eze
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, and College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Grace Keyune Nambatya
- Directorate of Research, Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Institute, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ewan MacLeod
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, and College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, and College of Medicine & Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, Peoples Republic of China
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10
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Usman IM, Ssempijja F, Ssebuufu R, Lemuel AM, Archibong VB, Ayikobua ET, Aruwa JO, Kembabazi S, Kegoye ES, Ayuba JT, Okeniran OS, Echoru I, Adeoye A, Mujinya R, Nankya V, Kasozi KI. Community Drivers Affecting Adherence to WHO Guidelines Against COVID-19 Amongst Rural Ugandan Market Vendors. Front Public Health 2020; 8:340. [PMID: 32733839 PMCID: PMC7357280 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Market vendors occupy a strategic position in the fight against the spread of SARS CoV-2 in rural Uganda. To successfully contain the spread of the virus, special attention needs to be given to this set of people by assessing the type of information, source of information, and practices they inculcate as regards adherence to WHO guidelines in the fight against COVID-19 in Uganda. The study aimed to assess the role of information sources, education level, and phone internet connectivity in influencing COVID-19 knowledge among the rural market vendors; and the relationship existing between knowledge, attitude, and practices among them. Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study among rural market vendors (n = 248) in southwestern Uganda. Information was collected using a questionnaire and descriptively presented as frequency and percentages. Results: The study showed that the majority of the rural market vendors had sufficient information regarding COVID-19 with the majority being female individuals and have attained a secondary level of education, The general percentage score for knowledge, attitude, and practices were (75.57, 82.6, and 76.50% respectively). There was a positive correlation between attitude and practices (r = 0.17, p = 0.007), as well as their knowledge with practices (r = 0.29, p < 0.001). The majority of the people in the population did not have their phones connected to the internet (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.16-3.31, P = 0.01). The majority of people received their information regarding COVID-19 from one source (radio) (OR = 1.55). Conclusion: Where and how the rural market vendors get their information and education level are vital in breaking COVID 19 infection circle in line with WHO guidelines. Therefore, sources of information and education level played a key role in molding their knowledge and practices. However, the level of knowledge on COVID 19 among our respondents was not linked with phone internet connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibe Michael Usman
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Robinson Ssebuufu
- Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ann Monima Lemuel
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Victor Bassey Archibong
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | | | - Joshua Ojodale Aruwa
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Stellamaris Kembabazi
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Eric Simidi Kegoye
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - John Tabakwot Ayuba
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Olatayo Segun Okeniran
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Isaac Echoru
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Azeez Adeoye
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Regan Mujinya
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Viola Nankya
- School of Nursing, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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11
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Kalange M, Nansunga M, Kasozi KI, Kasolo J, Namulema J, Atusiimirwe JK, Ayikobua ET, Ssempijja F, Munanura EI, Matama K, Semuyaba I, Zirintunda G, Okpanachi AO. Antimalarial combination therapies increase gastric ulcers through an imbalance of basic antioxidative-oxidative enzymes in male Wistar rats. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:230. [PMID: 32326975 PMCID: PMC7178572 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antimalarials are globally used against plasmodium infections, however, information on the safety of new antimalarial combination therapies on the gastric mucosa is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Artemether-Lumefantrine on ulcer induction. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and major histological changes in male Wistar rats following ulcer induction using Indomethacin were investigated. Gastric ulcers were in four groups; Group I was administered Artesunate, group II received Artesunate-Amodiaquine, group III received Artemether-Lumefantrine, and group IV was a positive control (normal saline). Group V was the negative control consisting of healthy rats. RESULTS Antimalarial combination therapies were associated with a high gastric ulcer index than a single antimalarial agent, Artesunate. In addition, levels of MDA were significantly higher in the combination of therapies while levels of GSH were lower in comparison to Artesunate and the negative control. Microscopically, antimalarial combination therapies were associated with severe inflammation and tissue damage than Artesunate in the gastric mucosa showing that antimalarial combination therapies exert their toxic effects through oxidative stress mechanisms, and this leads to cellular damage. Findings in this study demonstrate a need to revisit information on the pharmacodynamics of major circulating antimalarial agents in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhamudu Kalange
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | - Miriam Nansunga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | - Josephine Kasolo
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jackline Namulema
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uzima University College CUEA, Box 2502, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jovile Kasande Atusiimirwe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Edson Ireeta Munanura
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- Department of Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Semuyaba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Gerald Zirintunda
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University Arapai Campus, Box 203, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
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12
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Kasozi KI, Mujinya R, Bogere P, Ekou J, Zirintunda G, Ahimbisibwe S, Matama K, Ninsiima HI, Echoru I, Ayikobua ET, Ssimbwa G, Musinguzi SP, Muyinda R, Ssempijja F, Matovu H, MacLeod E, Anderson NE, Welburn SC. Pandemic panic and anxiety in developing countries. Embracing One Health offers practical strategies in management of COVID-19 for Africa. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 35:3. [PMID: 32528614 PMCID: PMC7266473 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.3.22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Regan Mujinya
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Paul Bogere
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Box 236 Tororo, Uganda
| | - Justine Ekou
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Box 236 Tororo, Uganda
| | - Gerald Zirintunda
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Box 236 Tororo, Uganda
| | - Salaviriuse Ahimbisibwe
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Matama
- Department of clinical pharmacy and Pharmacy practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Herbert Izo Ninsiima
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Isaac Echoru
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda.,Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Busitema University.,Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Godfrey Ssimbwa
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda.,Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Busitema University
| | - Simon Peter Musinguzi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Robert Muyinda
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Box 236 Tororo, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71 Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Henry Matovu
- Department of Animal Production and Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Box 236 Tororo, Uganda
| | - Ewan MacLeod
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Euan Anderson
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Christina Welburn
- Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, Zhejiang University, 718 East Haizhou Road, Haining, Zheijang 314400, Peoples Republic of China
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13
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Kasozi KI, Mujinya R, Bogere P, Ekou J, Zirintunda G, Ahimbisibwe S, Matama K, Ninsiima HI, Echoru I, Ayikobua ET, Ssimbwa G, Musinguzi SP, Muyinda R, Ssempijja F, Matovu H, MacLeod E, Anderson NE, Welburn SC. Pandemic panic and anxiety in developing countries. Embracing One Health offers practical strategies in management of COVID-19 for Africa. Pan Afr Med J 2020. [DOI: 10.11604/pamj.supp.2020.35.2.22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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14
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Kasozi KI, Bukenya A, Eze ED, Kasolo J, Tayebwa DS, Ssempijja F, Suubo J, Tamale A, Echoru I, Ntulume I, Onkoba SK, Micheni LN, Ayikobua ET, Asiimwe OH, Kalange M. Low concentrations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (Yoba ®) are safe in male Drosophila melanogaster. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:269. [PMID: 31088517 PMCID: PMC6518721 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to generate information on the safety of probiotics, thus the study objectives were to evaluate the effects of Yoba® on basic physiochemical properties. The study assessed male w1118 Drosophila melanogaster which were provided food supplemented with Yoba® at 1%, 3%, 6%, and 12% on motor function, total protein, catalase activity, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and lifespan. RESULTS Yoba® at high concentration (≥ 6%) increased locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster, however, total protein, catalase, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity were significantly higher at 1% Yoba® compared to 3%, 6%, and 12% Yoba®. Yoba consumed at 1% was associated with greater physiological benefits in Drosophila melanogaster. Findings in the study offer a rationale for the consumption of Yoba® at 1% in humans as is currently being promoted by the Yoba for Life consortium, however, high concentrations of Yoba® would disrupt physiological function as shown by this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Aisha Bukenya
- School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ejike Daniel Eze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Josephine Kasolo
- Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dickson Stuart Tayebwa
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Joy Suubo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Andrew Tamale
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Echoru
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Ntulume
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Sarah Kemuma Onkoba
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Lisa Nkatha Micheni
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Oscar Hilary Asiimwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Muhamudu Kalange
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
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Ayikobua ET, Semuyaba I, Eze DE, Kalange M, Nansunga M, Okpanachi AO, Safiriyu AA. Combined Donepezil and Ethanolic Extract of Propolis Improved Memory Better Than Donepezil and Propolis Monotherapy in Wild Type Drosophila melanogaster. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2018; 2018:3717328. [PMID: 30158994 PMCID: PMC6109536 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3717328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donepezil is the most common drug used in the treatment of disorders associated with memory loss, especially that in Alzheimer's disease. Healthy individuals however have continued to use it as a memory enhancer. This study was aimed at evaluating the combined therapy of donepezil and propolis on cognition in Drosophila melanogaster. Method. Drosophila melanogaster flies were divided into five groups and fed with the different treatment doses of ethanolic extract of propolis and donepezil as follows: normal food, propolis 250 mg/mL, propolis 50 mg/mL, donepezil 0.001M, and donepezil 0.001M/propolis 50 mg/mL added to their food. The flies were fed from larval stage for 30 days. The memory and learning tests were conducted after every 10 days to assess improvement with time. RESULTS The results obtained showed that the combination of propolis with donepezil caused a remarkable improvement in both the short- and long-term memory. In addition, there was a dose dependent improvement with the administration of propolis. CONCLUSION Propolis extract obtained from different parts of Uganda expressed cognitive improvement when coadministered with donepezil in wild type Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Tiyo Ayikobua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ibrahim Semuyaba
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Daniel Ejike Eze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Muhamudu Kalange
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Mariam Nansunga
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, St. Augustine International University, P.O. Box 88, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alfred Omachonu Okpanachi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Abass Alao Safiriyu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory, Kampala International University, Western Campus, P.O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
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