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Oehlenschläger K, Schepp E, Stiefelmaier J, Holtmann D, Ulber R. Simultaneous fermentation and enzymatic biocatalysis-a useful process option? BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:67. [PMID: 38796486 PMCID: PMC11128117 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Biotransformation with enzymes and de novo syntheses with whole-cell biocatalysts each have specific advantages. These can be combined to achieve processes with optimal performance. A recent approach is to perform bioconversion processes and enzymatic catalysis simultaneously in one-pot. This is a well-established process in the biorefinery, where starchy or cellulosic material is degraded enzymatically and simultaneously used as substrate for microbial cultivations. This procedure leads to a number of advantages like saving in time but also in the needed equipment (e.g., reaction vessels). In addition, the inhibition or side-reaction of high sugar concentrations can be overcome by combining the processes. These benefits of coupling microbial conversion and enzymatic biotransformation can also be transferred to other processes for example in the sector of biofuel production or in the food industry. However, finding a compromise between the different requirements of the two processes is challenging in some cases. This article summarises the latest developments and process variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Oehlenschläger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Emily Schepp
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Stiefelmaier
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Koul B, Yakoob M, Shah MP. Agricultural waste management strategies for environmental sustainability. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112285. [PMID: 34710442 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Globally, abundant agricultural wastes (AWs) are being generated each day to fulfil the increasing demands of the fast-growing population. The limited and/or improper management of the same has created an urgent need to devise strategies for their timely utilization and valorisation, for agricultural sustainability and human-food and health security. The AWs are generated from different sources including crop residue, agro-industries, livestock, and aquaculture. The main component of the crop residue and agro-industrial waste is cellulose, (the most abundant biopolymer), followed by lignin and hemicellulose (lignocellulosic biomass). The AWs and their processing are a global issue since its vast majority is currently burned or buried in soil, causing pollution of air, water and global warming. Traditionally, some crop residues have been used in combustion, animal fodder, roof thatching, composting, soil mulching, matchsticks and paper production. But, lignocellulosic biomass can also serve as a sustainable source of biofuel (biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, biohydrogen) and bioenergy in order to mitigate the fossil fuel shortage and climate change issues. Thus, valorisation of lignocellulosic residues has the potential to influence the bioeconomy by producing value-added products including biofertilizers, bio-bricks, bio-coal, bio-plastics, paper, biofuels, industrial enzymes, organic acids etc. This review encompasses circular bioeconomy based various AW management strategies, which involve 'reduction', 'reusing' and 'recycling' of AWs to boost sustainable agriculture and minimise environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupendra Koul
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Mohammad Yakoob
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
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Tareen A, Punsuvon V, Sultan IN, Khan MW, Parakulsuksatid P. Cellulase Addition and Pre-hydrolysis Effect of High Solid Fed-Batch Simultaneous Saccharification and Ethanol Fermentation from a Combined Pretreated Oil Palm Trunk. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26119-26129. [PMID: 34660972 PMCID: PMC8515579 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreated oil palm trunk fibers were subjected to ethanol production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The effect of high substrate loading, enzyme and substrate feeding strategy, and influence of a pre-hydrolysis step in SSF was studied to scale up ethanol production. In the enzyme feeding strategy, the addition of an enzyme at the start of fed-batch SSF significantly (p < 0.05) increased ethanol concentration to 51.05 g/L, ethanol productivity (QP ) to 0.61 g/L·h, and ethanol yield (Y P/S) to 0.31 g/g, with a theoretical ethanol yield of 60.65%. Furthermore, the initial velocity of the enzyme (V 0) in the first 8 h was 2.27 (g/h) with a glucose concentration of 18.17 g/L. On the other hand, the substrate feeding strategy and pre-hydrolysis simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF) process were studied in a 1 L fermenter. PSSF in fed batch with 10 and 20% (w/v) significantly improved enzyme hydrolysis, circumvent the problems of high viscosity, reduced overall fermentation time, and gave the highest ethanol concentration of 51.66 g/L, ethanol productivity (QP ) of 0.72 g/L·h, ethanol yield (Y P/S) of 0.31 g/g, and theoretical ethanol yield of 60.66%. In addition, PSSF with 10 and 20% significantly increased the initial velocity of the enzyme (V 0) to 4.64 and 4.40 (g/h) and glucose concentration to 37.14 and 35.27 g/L, respectively. This result indicated that ethanol production by PSSF along with substrate feeding could enhance ethanol production efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrasiab
Khan Tareen
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Vittaya Punsuvon
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart
University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Imrana Niaz Sultan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem Khan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, BUITEMS, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Pramuk Parakulsuksatid
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Liang X, Zhu Y, Qi B, Li S, Luo J, Wan Y. Structure-property-performance relationships of lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents with different hydrogen bond acceptors for corn stover pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 336:125312. [PMID: 34044243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, ten types of lactic acid-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with differently structured hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) were used for corn stover pretreatment. Among the tested DESs, those composed of HBAs with short alkyl chain were more effective to remove lignin and xylan, resulting in higher enzymatic digestion of the pretreated solids than their counterparts with long alky chain. Also, functional groups of HBAs demonstrated significant effects on biomass deconstruction. In order to interpret the different pretreatment performance of the tested DESs, Kamlet-Taft solvent polarity parameters of the tested DESs were correlated to their lignocellulose pretreatment performance. It was found that hydrogen bond acidity (Kamlet-Taft α parameter) had strong positive relationships with pretreatment efficacy of the studied DESs. These findings not only clarified the structure-property-performance relationships of the DESs, but also provided novel insights into design and selection of DESs for lignocellulose pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinquan Liang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Benkun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Shiqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yinhua Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Hoffman SM, Alvarez M, Alfassi G, Rein DM, Garcia-Echauri S, Cohen Y, Avalos JL. Cellulosic biofuel production using emulsified simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (eSSF) with conventional and thermotolerant yeasts. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:157. [PMID: 34274018 PMCID: PMC8285809 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Future expansion of corn-derived ethanol raises concerns of sustainability and competition with the food industry. Therefore, cellulosic biofuels derived from agricultural waste and dedicated energy crops are necessary. To date, slow and incomplete saccharification as well as high enzyme costs have hindered the economic viability of cellulosic biofuels, and while approaches like simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and the use of thermotolerant microorganisms can enhance production, further improvements are needed. Cellulosic emulsions have been shown to enhance saccharification by increasing enzyme contact with cellulose fibers. In this study, we use these emulsions to develop an emulsified SSF (eSSF) process for rapid and efficient cellulosic biofuel production and make a direct three-way comparison of ethanol production between S. cerevisiae, O. polymorpha, and K. marxianus in glucose and cellulosic media at different temperatures. RESULTS In this work, we show that cellulosic emulsions hydrolyze rapidly at temperatures tolerable to yeast, reaching up to 40-fold higher conversion in the first hour compared to microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). To evaluate suitable conditions for the eSSF process, we explored the upper temperature limits for the thermotolerant yeasts Kluyveromyces marxianus and Ogataea polymorpha, as well as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and observed robust fermentation at up to 46, 50, and 42 °C for each yeast, respectively. We show that the eSSF process reaches high ethanol titers in short processing times, and produces close to theoretical yields at temperatures as low as 30 °C. Finally, we demonstrate the transferability of the eSSF technology to other products by producing the advanced biofuel isobutanol in a light-controlled eSSF using optogenetic regulators, resulting in up to fourfold higher titers relative to MCC SSF. CONCLUSIONS The eSSF process addresses the main challenges of cellulosic biofuel production by increasing saccharification rate at temperatures tolerable to yeast. The rapid hydrolysis of these emulsions at low temperatures permits fermentation using non-thermotolerant yeasts, short processing times, low enzyme loads, and makes it possible to extend the process to chemicals other than ethanol, such as isobutanol. This transferability establishes the eSSF process as a platform for the sustainable production of biofuels and chemicals as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Hoffman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, 101 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Maria Alvarez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, 101 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Gilad Alfassi
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Dmitry M Rein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sergio Garcia-Echauri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, 101 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yachin Cohen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - José L Avalos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, 101 Hoyt Laboratory, William Street, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- The Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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Díaz AB, González C, Marzo C, Caro I, Blandino A. Feasibility of exhausted sugar beet pulp as raw material for lactic acid production. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3036-3045. [PMID: 32057099 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exhausted sugar beet pulp pellets (ESBPP), a sugar industry by-product generated after sugar extraction in the sugar production process, have been used as a raw material for lactic acid (LA) production via hydrolysis and fermentation by Lactobacillus casei. To design a more cost-effective process, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of ESBPP is proposed in the present study. The effects of pH control, nutrient supplementation and solid addition in fed-batch SSF on lactic acid production were investigated. RESULTS The highest LA concentration (26.88 g L-1 ) was reached in fed-batch SSF at a solid/liquid loading of 0.2 g mL-1 , with pH control (by adding 30 g L-1 CaCO3 to the medium) and nutrient supplementation (by adding 20 mL of MRS medium per 100 mL of buffer). Under these conditions, a maximum productivity of 0.63 g L-1 h-1 was achieved, which is 2.7 times higher than that attained in the control experiment (SSF inoculated at time 0 h). However, a slightly lower LA yield was obtained, revealing the need of an increasing dose of enzymes at high solid loading SSF. CONCLUSION An efficient fed-batch SSF strategy with pH control and MRS supplementation is described in the present study, attaining higher LA productivity compared to separate hydrolysis and fermentation and SSF. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Claudia González
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Marzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Ildefonso Caro
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Ana Blandino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, IVAGRO Institute, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real, Spain
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Lübeck PS, Lübeck M. Discovery of a Novel Fungus with an Extraordinary β-Glucosidase and Potential for On-Site Production of High Value Products. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2019; 1796:25-33. [PMID: 29856043 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7877-9_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Among cellulases, β-glucosidases play a key role in the final conversion of cellulose into glucose as well as they boost the performance of the other cellulases, in particular cellobiohydrolases in relieving product inhibition. This chapter serves as case example from screening for novel fungal cellulases focusing on β-glucosidases to identifying a gene encoding the key β-glucosidase in the fungus with highest activity. In the case example, the β-glucosidase-producing fungus showed to belong to an unknown fungal species, Aspergillus saccharolyticus, not previously described. The gene was expressed in Trichoderma reesei, which has low indigenous β-glucosidase activity, and the activity of the purified enzyme was assessed in hydrolysis of various pretreated lignocellulosic biomasses. The potential of using the natural producing strain for on-site production of β-glucosidases using lignocellulosic biorefinery waste streams as substrates is discussed. Finally, the potential of the fungus for consolidated bioprocessing of waste streams into valuable compounds, such as organic acids is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stephensen Lübeck
- Section of Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Lübeck
- Section of Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Berlowska J, Cieciura-Włoch W, Kalinowska H, Kregiel D, Borowski S, Pawlikowska E, Binczarski M, Witonska I. Enzymatic Conversion of Sugar Beet Pulp: A Comparison of Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation and Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation for Lactic Acid Production. Food Technol Biotechnol 2018; 56:188-196. [PMID: 30228793 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.56.02.18.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares the efficiency of lactic acid production by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of sugar beet pulp, a byproduct of industrial sugar production. In experiments, sugar beet pulp was hydrolyzed using five commercial enzymes. A series of shake flask fermentations were conducted using five selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The differences in the activities of the enzymes for degrading the principal sugar beet pulp components were reflected in the different yields of total reducing sugars. The highest yields after hydrolysis and the lowest quantities of insoluble residues were obtained using a mixture (1:1) of Viscozyme® and Ultraflo® Max. In the SHF process, only a portion of the soluble sugars released by the enzymes from the sugar beet pulp was assimilated by the LAB strains. In SSF, low enzyme loads led to reduction in the efficiency of sugar accumulation. The risk of carbon catabolic repression was reduced. Our results suggest that SSF has advantages over SHF, including lower processing costs and higher productivity. Lactic acid yield in SSF mode (approx. 30 g/L) was 80-90% higher than that in SHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Berlowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Cieciura-Włoch
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Halina Kalinowska
- Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 4/10, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Borowski
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Pawlikowska
- Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Binczarski
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116,
PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Witonska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116,
PL-90-924 Lodz, Poland
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Treebupachatsakul T, Shioya K, Nakazawa H, Kawaguchi T, Morikawa Y, Shida Y, Ogasawara W, Okada H. Utilization of recombinant Trichoderma reesei expressing Aspergillus aculeatus β-glucosidase I (JN11) for a more economical production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:657-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sustainable Ethanol Production from Common Reed (Phragmites australis) through Simultaneuos Saccharification and Fermentation. SUSTAINABILITY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/su70912149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Soo CS, Yap WS, Hon WM, Phang LY. Mini review: hydrogen and ethanol co-production from waste materials via microbial fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1475-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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