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Rajalingam A, Ganjiwale A. Identification of common genetic factors and immune-related pathways associating more than two autoimmune disorders: implications on risk, diagnosis, and treatment. Genomics Inform 2024; 22:10. [PMID: 38956704 PMCID: PMC11221123 DOI: 10.1186/s44342-024-00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disorders (ADs) are chronic conditions resulting from failure or breakdown of immunological tolerance, resulting in the host immune system attacking its cells or tissues. Recent studies report shared effects, mechanisms, and evolutionary origins among ADs; however, the possible factors connecting them are unknown. This study attempts to identify gene signatures commonly shared between different autoimmune disorders and elucidate their molecular pathways linking the pathogenesis of these ADs using an integrated gene expression approach. We employed differential gene expression analysis across 19 datasets of whole blood/peripheral blood cell samples with five different autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn's disease, and type 1 diabetes) to get nine key genes-EGR1, RUNX3, SMAD7, NAMPT, S100A9, S100A8, CYBB, GATA2, and MCEMP1 that were primarily involved in cell and leukocyte activation, leukocyte mediated immunity, IL-17, AGE-RAGE signaling in diabetic complications, prion disease, and NOD-like receptor signaling confirming its role in immune-related pathways. Combined with biological interpretations such as gene ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, our current study sheds light on the in-depth research on early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis of different ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Rajalingam
- Department of Life Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560056, India
| | - Anjali Ganjiwale
- Department of Life Science, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560056, India.
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2
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Su QY, Li HC, Jiang XJ, Jiang ZQ, Zhang Y, Zhang HY, Zhang SX. Exploring the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cell in rheumatoid arthritis: Insights into subsets, markers, and signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116440. [PMID: 38518605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by an imbalance between immunological reactivity and immune tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which play a crucial role in controlling ongoing autoimmunity and maintaining peripheral tolerance, have shown great potential for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as RA. This review aims to provide an updated summary of the latest insights into Treg-targeting techniques in RA. We focus on current therapeutic strategies for targeting Tregs based on discussing their subsets, surface markers, suppressive function, and signaling pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yi Su
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Rheumatology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huan-Cheng Li
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Jiang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Zhong-Qing Jiang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - He-Yi Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xiao Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Department of Rheumatology, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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3
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Rojas-Quintero J, Ochsner SA, New F, Divakar P, Yang CX, Wu TD, Robinson J, Chandrashekar DS, Banovich NE, Rosas IO, Sauler M, Kheradmand F, Gaggar A, Margaroli C, San Jose Estepar R, McKenna NJ, Polverino F. Spatial Transcriptomics Resolve an Emphysema-Specific Lymphoid Follicle B Cell Signature in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 209:48-58. [PMID: 37934672 PMCID: PMC10870877 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202303-0507le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema is characterized by a significant yet partially understood B cell immune component. Objectives: To characterize the transcriptomic signatures from lymphoid follicles (LFs) in ever-smokers without COPD and patients with COPD with varying degrees of emphysema. Methods: Lung sections from 40 patients with COPD and ever-smokers were used for LF proteomic and transcriptomic spatial profiling. Formalin- and O.C.T.-fixed lung samples obtained from biopsies or lung explants were assessed for LF presence. Emphysema measurements were obtained from clinical chest computed tomographic scans. High-confidence transcriptional target intersection analyses were conducted to resolve emphysema-induced transcriptional networks. Measurements and Main Results: Overall, 115 LFs from ever-smokers and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 1-2 and GOLD 3-4 patients were analyzed. No LFs were found in never-smokers. Differential gene expression analysis revealed significantly increased expression of LF assembly and B cell marker genes in subjects with severe emphysema. High-confidence transcriptional analysis revealed activation of an abnormal B cell activity signature in LFs (q-value = 2.56E-111). LFs from patients with GOLD 1-2 COPD with emphysema showed significantly increased expression of genes associated with antigen presentation, inflammation, and B cell activation and proliferation. LFs from patients with GOLD 1-2 COPD without emphysema showed an antiinflammatory profile. The extent of centrilobular emphysema was significantly associated with genes involved in B cell maturation and antibody production. Protein-RNA network analysis showed that LFs in emphysema have a unique signature skewed toward chronic B cell activation. Conclusions: An off-targeted B cell activation within LFs is associated with autoimmune-mediated emphysema pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A. Ochsner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Felicia New
- Spatial Data Analysis Services, Nanostring Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
| | - Prajan Divakar
- Spatial Data Analysis Services, Nanostring Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chen Xi Yang
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jerid Robinson
- Field Application Scientists, Nanostring Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - Maor Sauler
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, and
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Camilla Margaroli
- Pathology – Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Raul San Jose Estepar
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil J. McKenna
- Spatial Data Analysis Services, Nanostring Biotechnologies, Seattle, Washington
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4
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Kosmara D, Papanikolaou S, Nikolaou C, Bertsias G. Extensive Alternative Splicing Patterns in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Highlight Sexual Differences. Cells 2023; 12:2678. [PMID: 38067106 PMCID: PMC10705143 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence highlights divergences in immune responses between men and women. Women are more susceptible to autoimmunity, whereas men suffer from the more severe presentation of autoimmune disorders. The molecular mechanism of this sexual dimorphism remains elusive. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of sex differences in whole-blood gene expression focusing on alternative splicing (AS) events in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is a prototype sex-biased disease. This study included 79 SLE patients with active disease and 58 matched healthy controls who underwent whole-blood RNA sequencing. Sex differences in splicing events were widespread, existent in both SLE and a healthy state. However, we observed distinct gene sets and molecular pathways targeted by sex-dependent AS in SLE patients as compared to healthy subjects, as well as a notable sex dissimilarity in intron retention events. Sexually differential spliced genes specific to SLE patients were enriched for dynamic cellular processes including chromatin remodeling, stress and inflammatory responses. Remarkably, the extent of sexual differences in AS in the SLE patients and healthy individuals exceeded those in gene expression. Overall, this study reveals an unprecedent variation in sex-dependent splicing events in SLE and the healthy state, with potential implications for understanding the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Kosmara
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Infections and Immunity, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sofia Papanikolaou
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Bioinnovation, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos Nikolaou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Bioinnovation, 16672 Athens, Greece
| | - George Bertsias
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Heraklion and University of Crete Medical School, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH), Infections and Immunity, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
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5
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Jung JM, Kim YJ, Lee WJ, Won CH, Lee MW, Chang SE. Risk of incident autoimmune diseases in patients with newly diagnosed psoriatic disease: a nationwide population-based study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16738. [PMID: 37798369 PMCID: PMC10556012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited large population-based cohort studies on the risk of incident autoimmune diseases among patients with newly diagnosed psoriatic disease. The objective of this study was to assess the risk of autoimmune diseases in patients with newly diagnosed psoriatic disease. Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, patients with newly diagnosed psoriatic disease between 2007 and 2019 were included. Comparators were randomly selected and matched according to age and sex. A total of 321,354 patients with psoriatic disease and 321,354 matched comparators were included in this study. Patients with psoriatic disease had a significantly higher risk of Crohn's disease [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-2.67], ulcerative colitis (aHR, 1.65; 95% CI 1.39-1.96), systemic lupus erythematosus (aHR, 1.86; 95% CI 1.34-2.57), rheumatoid arthritis (aHR, 1.63; 95% CI 1.52-1.76), ankylosing spondylitis (aHR, 2.32; 95% CI 1.95-2.77), alopecia areata (aHR, 1.41; 95% CI 1.35-1.46), and type 1 diabetes (aHR, 1.23; 95% CI 1.11-1.37). However, the risk of Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease, Sjögren's syndrome, and systemic sclerosis was not significantly different between the groups. In conclusion, patients with newly diagnosed psoriatic disease may have a significantly increased risk of incident autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Min Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Ye-Jee Kim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Mi Woo Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
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6
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Zhang X, Pu X, Pi C, Xie J. The role of fibroblast growth factor 7 in cartilage development and diseases. Life Sci 2023:121804. [PMID: 37245839 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), also known as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), shows a crucial biological significance in tissue development, wound repair, tumorigenesis, and immune reconstruction. In the skeletal system, FGF7 directs the cellular synaptic extension of individual cells and facilities functional gap junction intercellular communication of a collective of cells. Moreover, it promotes the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells via a cytoplasmic signaling network. For cartilage, reports have indicated the potential role of FGF7 on the regulation of key molecules Cx43 in cartilage and Runx2 in hypertrophic cartilage. However, the molecular mechanism of FGF7 in chondrocyte behaviors and cartilage pathological process remains largely unknown. In this review, we systematically summarize the recent biological function of FGF7 and its regulatory role on chondrocytes and cartilage diseases, especially through the hot focus of two key molecules, Runx2 and Cx43. The current knowledge of FGF7 on the physiological and pathological processes of chondrocytes and cartilage provides us new cues for wound repair of cartilage defect and therapy of cartilage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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7
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Kasher M, Freidin MB, Williams FM, Cherny SS, Malkin I, Livshits G. Shared Genetic Architecture Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Varying Osteoporotic Phenotypes. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:440-453. [PMID: 34910834 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and low bone mineral density (BMD), an indicator of osteoporosis (OP), appear epidemiologically associated. Shared genetic factors may explain this association. This study aimed to investigate the presence of pleiotropy to clarify the potential genetic association between RA and OP. We examined BMDs at varying skeletal sites reported in UK Biobank as well as OP fracture acquired from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis (GEFOS) Consortium and the TwinsUK study. PRSice-2 was used to assess the potential shared genetic overlap between RA and OP. The presence of pleiotropy was examined using colocalization analysis. PRSice-2 revealed that RA was significantly associated with OP fracture (β = 351.6 ± 83.9, p value = 2.76E-05), total BMD (β = -1763.5 ± 612.8, p = 4.00E-03), spine BMD (β = -919.8 ± 264.6, p value = 5.09E-04), and forearm BMD (β = -66.09 ± 31.40, p value = 3.53E-02). Through colocalization analysis, the same causal genetic variants, associated with both RA and OP, were apparent in 12 genes: PLCL1, BOLL, AC011997.1, TNFAIP3, RP11-158I9.1, CDK6, CHCHD4P2, RP11-505C13.1, PHF19, TRAF1, C5, and C11orf49 with moderate posterior probabilities (>50%). Pleiotropy is involved in the association between RA and OP phenotypes. These findings contribute to the understanding of disease mechanisms and provide insight into possible therapeutic advancements and enhanced screening measures. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Kasher
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Frances Mk Williams
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stacey S Cherny
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ida Malkin
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Adelson Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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8
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Zhang Z, Liu L, Shen Y, Meng Z, Chen M, Lu Z, Zhang X. Characterization of chromatin accessibility in psoriasis. Front Med 2021; 16:483-495. [PMID: 34669155 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathological hallmarks of psoriasis involve alterations in T cell genes associated with transcriptional levels, which are determined by chromatin accessibility. However, to what extent these alterations in T cell transcriptional levels recapitulate the epigenetic features of psoriasis remains unknown. Here, we systematically profiled chromatin accessibility on Th1, Th2, Th1-17, Th17, and Treg cells and found that chromatin remodeling contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of the disease. The chromatin remodeling tendency of different subtypes of Th cells were relatively consistent. Next, we profiled chromatin accessibility and transcriptional dynamics on memory Th/Treg cells. In the memory Th cells, 803 increased and 545 decreased chromatin-accessible regions were identified. In the memory Treg cells, 713 increased and 1206 decreased chromatin-accessible regions were identified. A total of 54 and 53 genes were differentially expressed in the peaks associated with the memory Th and Treg cells. FOSL1, SPI1, ATF3, NFKB1, RUNX, ETV4, ERG, FLI1, and ETC1 were identified as regulators in the development of psoriasis. The transcriptional regulatory network showed that NFKB1 and RELA were highly connected and central to the network. NFKB1 regulated the genes of CCL3, CXCL2, and IL1RN. Our results provided candidate transcription factors and a foundational framework of the regulomes of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital and Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yanyun Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ziyuan Meng
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital and Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital and Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Dermatology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital and Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China. .,Department of Dermatology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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9
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Rivellese F, Manou-Stathopoulou S, Mauro D, Goldmann K, Pyne D, Rajakariar R, Gordon P, Schafer P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Lewis MJ. Effects of targeting the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos on B cell activation and differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2021; 8:8/1/e000445. [PMID: 33727237 PMCID: PMC7970264 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2020-000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of targeting Ikaros and Aiolos by cereblon modulator iberdomide on the activation and differentiation of B-cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods CD19+ B-cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with SLE (n=41) were cultured with TLR7 ligand resiquimod ±IFNα together with iberdomide or control from day 0 (n=16). Additionally, in vitro B-cell differentiation was induced by stimulation with IL-2/IL-10/IL-15/CD40L/resiquimod with iberdomide or control, given at day 0 or at day 4. At day 5, immunoglobulins were measured by ELISA and cells analysed by flow cytometry. RNA-Seq was performed on fluorescence-activated cell-sorted CD27-IgD+ naïve-B-cells and CD20lowCD27+CD38+ plasmablasts to investigate the transcriptional consequences of iberdomide. Results Iberdomide significantly inhibited the TLR7 and IFNα-mediated production of immunoglobulins from SLE B-cells and the production of antinuclear antibodies as well as significantly reducing the number of CD27+CD38+ plasmablasts (0.3±0.18, vehicle 1.01±0.56, p=0.011) and CD138+ plasma cells (0.12±0.06, vehicle 0.28±0.02, p=0.03). Additionally, treatment with iberdomide from day 0 significantly inhibited the differentiation of SLE B-cells into plasmablasts (6.4±13.5 vs vehicle 34.9±20.1, p=0.013) and antibody production. When given at later stages of differentiation, iberdomide did not affect the numbers of plasmablasts or the production of antibodies; however, it induced a significant modulation of gene expression involving IKZF1 and IKZF3 transcriptional programmes in both naïve B-cells and plasmablasts (400 and 461 differentially modulated genes, respectively, false discovery rate<0.05). Conclusion These results demonstrate the relevance of Ikaros and Aiolos as therapeutic targets in SLE due to their ability to modulate B cell activation and differentiation downstream of TLR7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Rivellese
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sotiria Manou-Stathopoulou
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniele Mauro
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katriona Goldmann
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Debasish Pyne
- Rheumatology Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Patrick Gordon
- Rheumatology Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Schafer
- Translational Medicine Department, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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10
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Yavuz S, Bianchi M, Kozyrev S, Bolin K, Leonard D, Pucholt P, Sandling JK, Bengtsson A, Jönsen A, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Sjöwall C, Svenungsson E, Gunnarsson I, Lindblad-Toh K, Rönnblom L. Toll-like receptors revisited; a possible role for TLR1 in lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 80:404-406. [PMID: 32994161 PMCID: PMC7892377 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sule Yavuz
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bianchi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergey Kozyrev
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Bolin
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Leonard
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pascal Pucholt
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna K Sandling
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Medical Sciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Bengtsson
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences and Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Wang Y, Franks JM, Yang M, Toledo DM, Wood TA, Hinchcliff M, Whitfield ML. Regulator combinations identify systemic sclerosis patients with more severe disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137567. [PMID: 32721949 PMCID: PMC7526449 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disorder that results in skin fibrosis, autoantibody production, and internal organ dysfunction. We previously identified 4 “intrinsic” subsets of SSc based upon skin gene expression that are found across organ systems. Gene expression regulators that underlie the SSc-intrinsic subsets, or are associated with clinical covariates, have not been systematically characterized. Here, we present a computational framework to calculate the activity scores of gene expression regulators and identify their associations with SSc clinical outcomes. We found that regulator activity scores can reproduce the intrinsic molecular subsets, with distinct sets of regulators identified for inflammatory, fibroproliferative, limited, and normal-like samples. Regulators most highly correlated with modified Rodnan skin score (MRSS) also varied by intrinsic subset. We identified subgroups of patients with fibroproliferative and inflammatory SSc with more severe pathophenotypes, such as higher MRSS and increased likelihood of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Using an independent cohort, we show that the group with more severe ILD was more likely to show forced vital capacity decline over a period of 36–54 months. Our results demonstrate an association among the activation of regulators, gene expression subsets, and clinical variables that can identify patients with SSc with more severe disease. An association between the activation of regulators, gene expression subsets, and clinical variables identifies systemic sclerosis patients with more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jennifer M Franks
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Monica Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Diana M Toledo
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Tammara A Wood
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Monique Hinchcliff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, Section of Allergy, Rheumatology and Immunology, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael L Whitfield
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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12
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Chen CH, Zheng R, Tokheim C, Dong X, Fan J, Wan C, Tang Q, Brown M, Liu JS, Meyer CA, Liu XS. Determinants of transcription factor regulatory range. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2472. [PMID: 32424124 PMCID: PMC7235260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the genomic distances over which transcription factor (TF) binding influences gene expression is important for inferring target genes from TF chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) data. Here we systematically examine the relationship between thousands of TF and histone modification ChIP-seq data sets with thousands of gene expression profiles. We develop a model for integrating these data, which reveals two classes of TFs with distinct ranges of regulatory influence, chromatin-binding preferences, and auto-regulatory properties. We find that the regulatory range of the same TF bound within different topologically associating domains (TADs) depend on intrinsic TAD properties such as local gene density and G/C content, but also on the TAD chromatin states. Our results suggest that considering TF type, binding distance to gene locus, as well as chromatin context is important in identifying implicated TFs from GWAS SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hao Chen
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Biological and Biomedical Science Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rongbin Zheng
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Collin Tokheim
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xin Dong
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jingyu Fan
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Changxin Wan
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Myles Brown
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun S Liu
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clifford A Meyer
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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13
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Bellissimo DC, Chen CH, Zhu Q, Bagga S, Lee CT, He B, Wertheim GB, Jordan M, Tan K, Worthen GS, Gilliland DG, Speck NA. Runx1 negatively regulates inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils in response to Toll-like receptor signaling. Blood Adv 2020; 4:1145-1158. [PMID: 32208490 PMCID: PMC7094023 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is frequently mutated in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. It has been shown to negatively regulate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in lung epithelial cells. Here we show that RUNX1 regulates TLR1/2 and TLR4 signaling and inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils. Hematopoietic-specific RUNX1 loss increased the production of proinflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), by bone marrow neutrophils in response to TLR1/2 and TLR4 agonists. Hematopoietic RUNX1 loss also resulted in profound damage to the lung parenchyma following inhalation of the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, neutrophils with neutrophil-specific RUNX1 loss lacked the inflammatory phenotype caused by pan-hematopoietic RUNX1 loss, indicating that dysregulated TLR4 signaling is not due to loss of RUNX1 in neutrophils per se. Rather, single-cell RNA sequencing indicates the dysregulation originates in a neutrophil precursor. Enhanced inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils following pan-hematopoietic RUNX1 loss correlated with increased degradation of the inhibitor of NF-κB signaling, and RUNX1-deficient neutrophils displayed broad transcriptional upregulation of many of the core components of the TLR4 signaling pathway. Hence, early, pan-hematopoietic RUNX1 loss de-represses an innate immune signaling transcriptional program that is maintained in terminally differentiated neutrophils, resulting in their hyperinflammatory state. We hypothesize that inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils may contribute to leukemia associated with inherited RUNX1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C Bellissimo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chia-Hui Chen
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Qin Zhu
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology
| | - Sumedha Bagga
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chung-Tsai Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bing He
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gerald B Wertheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Martha Jordan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, and
| | - Kai Tan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Graduate Group in Genomics and Computational Biology
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G Scott Worthen
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Nancy A Speck
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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14
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Li C, Zheng Z, Ha P, Jiang W, Berthiaume EA, Lee S, Mills Z, Pan H, Chen EC, Jiang J, Culiat CT, Zhang X, Ting K, Soo C. Neural EGFL like 1 as a potential pro-chondrogenic, anti-inflammatory dual-functional disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug. Biomaterials 2019; 226:119541. [PMID: 31634652 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Arthritis, an inflammatory condition that causes pain and cartilage destruction in joints, affects over 54.4 million people in the US alone. Here, for the first time, we demonstrated the emerging role of neural EGFL like 1 (NELL-1) in arthritis pathogenesis by showing that Nell-1-haploinsufficient (Nell-1+/6R) mice had accelerated and aggravated osteoarthritis (OA) progression with elevated inflammatory markers in both spontaneous primary OA and chemical-induced secondary OA models. In the chemical-induced OA model, intra-articular injection of interleukin (IL)1β induced more severe inflammation and cartilage degradation in the knee joints of Nell-1+/6R mice than in wildtype animals. Mechanistically, in addition to its pro-chondrogenic potency, NELL-1 also effectively suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines and their downstream cartilage catabolic enzymes by upregulating runt-related transcription factor (RUNX)1 in mouse and human articular cartilage chondrocytes. Notably, NELL-1 significantly reduced IL1β-stimulated inflammation and damage to articular cartilage in vivo. In particular, NELL-1 administration markedly reduced the symptoms of antalgic gait observed in IL1β-challenged Nell-1+/6R mice. Therefore, NELL-1 is a promising pro-chondrogenic, anti-inflammatory dual-functional disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) candidate for preventing and suppressing arthritis-related cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Pin Ha
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Wenlu Jiang
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Emily A Berthiaume
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Seungjun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Letters and Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Zane Mills
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Hsinchuan Pan
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Eric C Chen
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Jie Jiang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | | | - Xinli Zhang
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Kang Ting
- Division of Growth and Development, Section of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Chia Soo
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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15
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Schön MP. Adaptive and Innate Immunity in Psoriasis and Other Inflammatory Disorders. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1764. [PMID: 31402919 PMCID: PMC6676248 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, a considerable body of evidence has highlighted T cells as pivotal culprits in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. This includes the association of psoriasis with certain MHC (HLA) alleles, oligoclonal expansion of T cells in some cases, therapeutic response to T cell-directed immunomodulation, the onset of psoriasis following bone marrow transplantation, or induction of psoriasis-like inflammation by T cells in experimental animals. There is accumulating clinical and experimental evidence suggesting that both autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms lie at the core of the disease. Indeed, some studies suggested antigenic functions of structural proteins, and complexes of self-DNA with cathelicidin (LL37) or melanocytic ADAMTSL5 have been proposed more recently as actual auto-antigens in some cases of psoriasis. These findings are accompanied by various immunoregulatory mechanisms, which we increasingly understand and which connect innate and adaptive immunity. Specific adaptive autoimmune responses, together with our current view of psoriasis as a systemic inflammatory disorder, raise the question of whether psoriasis may have connections to autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders elsewhere in the body. While such associations have been suspected for many years, compelling mechanistic evidence in support of this notion is still scant. This review sets into context the current knowledge about innate and adaptive immunological processes in psoriasis and other autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Jamali N, Song YS, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. 1,25(OH) 2D 3 regulates the proangiogenic activity of pericyte through VDR-mediated modulation of VEGF production and signaling of VEGF and PDGF receptors. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:415-434. [PMID: 31396585 PMCID: PMC6687334 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the active form of vitamin D (calcitriol; 1,25(OH)2D3) is a potent inhibitor of retinal neovascularization. However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms involved remained poorly understood. Perivascular supporting cells including pericytes (PC) play important roles during angiogenesis, vascular maturation, and stabilization of blood vessels. How 1,25(OH)2D3 affects retinal PC proliferation and migration, and whether these effects are mediated through vitamin D receptor (VDR), are unknown. Here, we determined the impact of 1,25(OH)2D3 on retinal PC prepared from wild‐type (Vdr+/+) and VDR‐deficient (Vdr−/−) mice. Retinal PC expressed significantly higher VDR levels compared to retinal endothelial cells (EC). Unlike retinal EC, 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly decreased PC proliferation and migration and resulted in a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Although 1,25(OH)2D3 did not inhibit the proliferation of Vdr−/− PC, it did inhibit their migration. PC adhesion to various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and ECM production were also affected by incubation of PC with 1,25(OH)2D3. Vdr−/− PC were more adherent compared with Vdr+/+ cells. Mechanistically, incubation of Vdr+/+ PC with 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in an increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and attenuation of signaling through VEGF‐R2 and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐beta. Incubation with soluble VEGF‐R1 (sFlt‐1) partially reversed the effect of VEGF on Vdr+/+ PC. In addition, incubation of Vdr+/+ PC with VEGF or inhibition of VEGF‐R2 increased VDR expression. Together, these results suggest an important role for retinal PC as a target for vitamin D and VDR action for attenuation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Jamali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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17
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Ham S, Bae JB, Lee S, Kim BJ, Han BG, Kwok SK, Roh TY. Epigenetic analysis in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-13. [PMID: 30820026 PMCID: PMC6395697 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0215-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex chronic systematic disease with progressive destruction of the joints by invasive synoviocytes. To characterize the key regulators involved in the development of RA, we obtained multilayer epigenomics data including DNA methylation by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, miRNA profiles, genetic variations by whole-exome sequencing, and mRNA profiles from synoviocytes of RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The overall DNA methylation patterns were not much different between RA and OA, but 523 low-methylated regions (LMRs) were specific to RA. The LMRs were preferentially localized at the 5′ introns and overlapped with transcription factor binding motifs for GLI1, RUNX2, and TFAP2A/C. Single base-scale differentially methylated CpGs were linked with several networks related to wound response, tissue development, collagen fibril organization, and the TGF-β receptor signaling pathway. Further, the DNA methylation of 201 CpGs was significantly correlated with 27 expressed miRNA genes. Our interpretation of epigenomic data of the synoviocytes from RA and OA patients is an informative resource to further investigate regulatory elements and biomarkers responsible for the pathophysiology of RA and OA. Whole genome analysis of synoviocytes, specialized cells in the joint-lubricating synovial fluid, sheds light on the pathogenic mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Around 350 million people worldwide suffer joint pain and stiffness due to RA, but the inheritance pattern of the disease remains unclear. A study led by Tae-Young Roh at Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea, reveals a distinct pattern of chemical tags on the DNA of synoviocytes from RA patients. Differences in methyl group tags in over 500 regions of the genome influenced the expression of RA-associated genes and of microRNAs, small RNA molecules that are also involved in the regulation of gene expression. These differentially methylated sites may not only represent potential disease biomarkers, but also offer new insights into the regulation of RA-relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokjin Ham
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, 37674, Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Bae
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, 28160, Korea
| | - Suman Lee
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, 28160, Korea
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, 28160, Korea
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Division of Genome Research, Center for Genome Science, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong, 28160, Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Tae-Young Roh
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang, 37674, Korea. .,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37674, Korea.
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18
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Importance of the novel organic cation transporter 1 for tyrosine kinase inhibition by saracatinib in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1258. [PMID: 28455521 PMCID: PMC5430895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent therapeutic approaches of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) address the use of small molecules such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, the TKIs developed to date have important side effects and/or scarce efficacy in inflammatory diseases such as RA. Since intracellular effective TKIs must enter the cell to reach their intracellular targets, here we investigated the interaction of the TKI saracatinib, a dual inhibitor of c-Src and c-Abl signaling, with transporters for organic cations as well as the role of these transporters for the biological effect of saracatinib in human RA-synovial fibroblasts (hRASF). Saracatinib significantly reduced proliferation of hRASF. The cellular saracatinib uptake was mainly dependent on the human novel organic cation transporter 1 (hOCTN1), which showed the highest apparent affinity for saracatinib among all other transporters for organic cations analyzed here. In hRASF, saracatinib biologic function was dependent on hOCTN1. Further analysis showed that disease specific factors (pH, inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα) regulated saracatinib uptake in hRASF. The knowledge of which transporters mediate the specific uptake of TKIs in target cells and of how the expression and function of such transporters are regulated in RA is of highest priority to develop effective drugs for successful therapy with minimal side-effects.
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19
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Psoriasis in systemic lupus erythematosus: a single-center experience. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:879-884. [PMID: 28168661 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of psoriasis with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been reported in limited case series, raising hypotheses about shared pathogenetic mechanisms. Nevertheless, important differences regarding treatment do exist. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of psoriasis in a defined cohort of lupus patients. Patients with psoriasis were retrieved from the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic from its inception in 1970 up to 2015. Charts were hand-searched to collect information concerning demographic, clinical, and therapeutic variables. Patients were matched with non-psoriasis lupus patients to identify the impact of supervening psoriasis on lupus activity, damage accrual, and venous thromboembolic (VTEs) and cardiovascular events (CVEs). Psoriasis was diagnosed in 63 patients (49 females, 14 males) for a prevalence of 3.46% (63/1823). The male-to-female ratio was significantly higher in non-psoriasis patients (0.286 vs. 0.138, p = 0.017). Plaque psoriasis was the most prominent type (55/63, 87.3%) whereas three patients had pustular disease; one had psoriatic arthritis. Nine patients (14.3%) were administered systemic treatment with methotrexate (n = 5), azathioprine (n = 1), ustekinumab (n = 3), and etanercept (n = 1). Psoriasis was definitely deteriorated by hydroxychloroquine in one patient. There was no significant impact of psoriasis on disease activity, damage accrual, VTEs, and CVEs. The prevalence of psoriasis was twice as high as that of the general Canadian population in this lupus cohort. Plaque psoriasis was the most prominent subtype, and topical treatment was adequate in the majority of patients. Supervening psoriasis had no significant impact on lupus activity and damage accrual.
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20
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Zamani MR, Aslani S, Salmaninejad A, Javan MR, Rezaei N. PD-1/PD-L and autoimmunity: A growing relationship. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:27-41. [PMID: 27660198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, namely PD-L1 and PD-L2, are one of the key factors responsible for inhibitory T cell signaling, mediating the mechanisms of tolerance and providing immune homeostasis. Mounting evidence demonstrates that impaired PD-1:PD-L function plays an important role in a variety of autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes (T1D), encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), Behcet's disease (BD), myasthenia gravis (MG), autoimmune uveitis (AU), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), myocarditis, and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). By investigating the candidate genes, genome-wide association studies, and identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PD-1 gene in humans, it has been shown that there is a higher risk in relevant genetic associations with developing autoimmune diseases in certain ethnic groups. In this review we have tried to present a comprehensive role of PD-1:PD-L in all recently studied autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Aslani
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Salmaninejad
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Javan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology and Biology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Ayala-Fontánez N, Soler DC, McCormick TS. Current knowledge on psoriasis and autoimmune diseases. PSORIASIS-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2016; 6:7-32. [PMID: 29387591 PMCID: PMC5683130 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s64950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a prevalent, chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, mediated by crosstalk between epidermal keratinocytes, dermal vascular cells, and immunocytes such as antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. Exclusive cellular “responsibility” for the induction and maintenance of psoriatic plaques has not been clearly defined. Increased proliferation of keratinocytes and endothelial cells in conjunction with APC/T cell/monocyte/macrophage inflammation leads to the distinct epidermal and vascular hyperplasia that is characteristic of lesional psoriatic skin. Despite the identification of numerous susceptibility loci, no single genetic determinant has been identified as responsible for the induction of psoriasis. Thus, numerous other triggers of disease, such as environmental, microbial and complex cellular interactions must also be considered as participants in the development of this multifactorial disease. Recent advances in therapeutics, especially systemic so-called “biologics” have provided new hope for identifying the critical cellular targets that drive psoriasis pathogenesis. Recent recognition of the numerous co-morbidities and other autoimmune disorders associated with psoriasis, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus suggest common signaling elements and cellular mediators may direct disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss common cellular pathways and participants that mediate psoriasis and other autoimmune disorders that share these cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilmarie Ayala-Fontánez
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David C Soler
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,The Murdough Family Center for Psoriasis, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Bal G, Futschik ME, Hartl D, Ringel F, Kamhieh-Milz J, Sterzer V, Hoheisel JD, Alhamdani MSS, Salama A. Identification of novel biomarkers in chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) by microarray-based serum protein profiling. Br J Haematol 2015; 172:602-15. [PMID: 26628061 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathological mechanisms underlying the development of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are unclear and its diagnosis remains a process of exclusion. Currently, there are no known specific biomarkers for ITP to support differential diagnosis and treatment decisions. Profiling of serum proteins may be valuable for identifying such biomarkers. Sera from 46 patients with primary chronic ITP and 34 healthy blood donors were analysed using a microarray of 755 antibodies. We identified 161 differentially expressed proteins. In addition to oncoproteins and tumour-suppressor proteins, including apoptosis regulator BCL2, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1), Fanconi anaemia complementation group C (FANCC) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), we detected six anti-nuclear autoantibodies in a subset of ITP patients: anti-PCNA, anti-SmD, anti-Ro/SSA60, anti-Ro/SSA52, anti-La/SSB and anti-RNPC antibodies. This finding may provide a rational explanation for the association of ITP with malignancies and other autoimmune diseases. While RUNX1mRNA expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients was significantly downregulated, an accumulation of RUNX1 protein was observed in the platelets of ITP patients. This may indicate dysregulation of RUNX1 expression in PBMC and megakaryocytes and may lead to an imbalanced immune response and impaired thrombopoiesis. In conclusion, we provide novel insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of ITP that warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürkan Bal
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Hartl
- Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Ringel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktor Sterzer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg D Hoheisel
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohamed S S Alhamdani
- Division of Functional Genome Analysis, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdulgabar Salama
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Wang W, Ma Y, Xu Y, Sheng Y, Gao J, Zuo X, Zheng X, Li H, Liu S, Meng L, Zeng M, Wang Z, Sun L, Yang S. RUNX3 gene polymorphisms are associated with clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese Han population. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 80:69-71. [PMID: 26233263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuemei Ma
- Department of Allergy and Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujun Sheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengxiu Liu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Meng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zaixing Wang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Sen Yang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Liu J, Lian Z, Xiao Y, Shi LL, Chai W, Wang Y. Analysis of clinical indexes and RUNX3, TBKBP1, PPARGC1B polymorphisms in Chinese Han patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2014; 19:37-43. [PMID: 25494292 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a genetically determined disease. Runt-related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3), tumor necrosis factor family member-associated NF-κB activator binding kinase 1 binding protein (TBKBP1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) have recently been found to be associated with susceptibility to AS in patients of Western European descent. We hypothesize that these three genes may be related to clinical outcomes of Chinese Han AS patients. METHODS Blood samples were drawn from 396 HLA-B27-positive Chinese Han AS patients. Clinical indexes were scored for each patient, including the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), and modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS), which measure patients' function of daily life and severity of AS. Twelve tagSNPs were selected from these three genes and genotyped. We analyzed the clinical indexes in different genotyped patients to investigate the relationship between severity of AS and different genotypes. RESULTS The rs11249215 SNP in RUNX3 and the rs7379457 and rs32579 SNPs in PPARGC1B significantly affect the BASFI score in patients. The rs11249215, rs7551188, and rs1395621 SNPs in RUNX3 significantly affect the BASDAI scores. The two selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TBKBP1 show no relationship with the clinical outcomes. None of the 12 SNPs is related to mSASSS. In conclusion, RUNX3 is related to both the severity of AS and the function of daily life. PPARGC1B is related to the function of daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- 1 Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital , Tianjin, China
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25
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Wang M, Gelfand EW. Targeting Pim1 kinase in the treatment of peanut allergy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 18:177-83. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.855721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ballouz S, Liu JY, George RA, Bains N, Liu A, Oti M, Gaeta B, Fatkin D, Wouters MA. Gentrepid V2.0: a web server for candidate disease gene prediction. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:249. [PMID: 23947436 PMCID: PMC3844418 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Candidate disease gene prediction is a rapidly developing area of bioinformatics research with the potential to deliver great benefits to human health. As experimental studies detecting associations between genetic intervals and disease proliferate, better bioinformatic techniques that can expand and exploit the data are required. Description Gentrepid is a web resource which predicts and prioritizes candidate disease genes for both Mendelian and complex diseases. The system can take input from linkage analysis of single genetic intervals or multiple marker loci from genome-wide association studies. The underlying database of the Gentrepid tool sources data from numerous gene and protein resources, taking advantage of the wealth of biological information available. Using known disease gene information from OMIM, the system predicts and prioritizes disease gene candidates that participate in the same protein pathways or share similar protein domains. Alternatively, using an ab initio approach, the system can detect enrichment of these protein annotations without prior knowledge of the phenotype. Conclusions The system aims to integrate the wealth of protein information currently available with known and novel phenotype/genotype information to acquire knowledge of biological mechanisms underpinning disease. We have updated the system to facilitate analysis of GWAS data and the study of complex diseases. Application of the system to GWAS data on hypertension using the ICBP data is provided as an example. An interesting prediction is a ZIP transporter additional to the one found by the ICBP analysis. The webserver URL is https://www.gentrepid.org/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ballouz
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3217, Australia.
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Gianchecchi E, Delfino DV, Fierabracci A. Recent insights into the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in immunological tolerance and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:1091-100. [PMID: 23792703 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases represent a heterogeneous group of conditions whose incidence is increasing worldwide. This has stimulated studies on their etiopathogenesis, derived from a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors, in order to improve prevention and treatment of these disorders. The relevance of T regulatory cells and of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in controlling immune responses has been highlighted. Recent studies have in particular elucidated the putative role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in regulating T cell responses and its effects on immunological tolerance and immune-mediated tissue damage. The role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in autoimmunity has been already investigated in vivo in several experimental animal models including insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, myocarditis, encephalomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. With the advent of candidate gene and genome-wide association studies, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PD-1 gene in humans have demonstrated relevant associations with a higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases in certain ethnic groups. In this review we present recent insights into the role of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in regulating lymphocyte activation, promotion of T regulatory cell development and function, breakdown of tolerance and development of autoimmunity. We finally speculate on the possible development of novel therapeutic treatments in human autoimmunity by modulating the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gianchecchi
- Autoimmunity Laboratory, Immunology Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Analysis of PPARGC1B, RUNX3 and TBKBP1 polymorphisms in Chinese Han patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a case-control study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61527. [PMID: 23637848 PMCID: PMC3630117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Susceptibility to and severity of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are largely genetically determined. PPARGC1B, RUNX3 and TBKBP1 have recently been found to be associated with AS in patients of western European descent. Our purpose is to examine the influence of PPARGC1B, RUNX3 and TBKBP1 polymorphisms on the susceptibility to and the severity of ankylosing spondylitis in Chinese ethnic majority Han population. Methods Blood samples are drawn from 396 AS patients and 404 unrelated healthy controls. All the patients and the controls are Han Chinese and the patients are HLA-B27 positive. The AS patients are classified based on the severity of the disease. Twelve tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in PPARGC1B, RUNX3 and TBKBP1 are selected and genotyped. Frequencies of different genotypes and alleles are analyzed among the different severity AS patients and the controls. Results After Bonferroni correction, the rs7379457 SNP in PPARGC1B shows significant difference when comparing all AS patients to controls (p = 0.005). This SNP also shows significant difference when comparing normal AS patients to controls (p = 0.002). The rs1395621 SNP in RUNX3 shows significant difference when comparing severe AS patients to controls (p = 0.007). The rs9438876 SNP in RUNX3 shows significant difference when comparing normal AS patients to controls (p = 0.007). The rs8070463 SNP in TBKBP1 shows significant difference in genotype distribution when comparing severe AS patients to controls (p = 0.003). Conclusions The rs7379457 SNP in PPARGC1B is related to susceptibility to AS in Chinese Han population. The rs7379457 SNP in PPARGC1B, the rs1395621 and rs9438876 SNPs in RUNX3, and the rs8070463 SNP in TBKBP1 are related to the severity of AS in Chinese Han population.
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Papamentzelopoulou M, Mavrogianni D, Dinopoulou V, Theofanakis H, Malamas F, Marinopoulos S, Bletsa R, Anagnostou E, Kallianidis K, Loutradis D. Detection of RUNX2 gene expression in cumulus cells in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10. [PMID: 23186169 PMCID: PMC3517744 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RUNX2 is a transcription factor, whose expression has been recently identified in the mouse ovary. Regulation of RUNX2 expression and its function in the human ovary have not been determined yet. The aim of the present study is the investigation of the possible correlation between RUNX2 gene expression in cumulus cells and controlled ovarian stimulation and pregnancy outcomes after ART treatment. METHODS A total of 41 patients undergoing ICSI treatment for male factor infertility were enrolled into a specific ART program, during which cumulus cells were collected. The expression of RUNX2 gene in cumulus cells was examined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Concerning RUNX2 gene expression, 12 out of 41 women were detected with RUNX2 expression, with ratios ranging from 0.84 to 1.00, while 28 out of 41 women had no expression (ratio = 0). Only 1 woman presented a weak RUNX2 gene expression (ratio = 0.52). From 8 women that proceeded to pregnancy, 7 of them did not express RUNX2 gene in cumulus cells, while one was the woman with weak gene expression that also achieved pregnancy. The group of women without RUNX2 expression presented higher number of follicles (p = 0.013), higher number of retrieved oocytes (p = 0.016), higher basal LH serum levels (p = 0.016) and higher peak estradiol levels (p = 0.013), while the number of fertilized oocytes differed marginally between the two groups (p = 0.089). Moreover, RUNX2 expression was negatively associated with LH levels (OR = 0.22, p = 0.021) and E2 levels (OR = 0.25, p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Consequently, based on the preliminary findings of the present pilot study a potential inhibitory mechanism of RUNX2 gene is observed in the ovary when high mRNA levels are detected, suggesting that RUNX2 could possibly be used as a candidate genetic marker in the monitoring of the outcome of an ART treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrto Papamentzelopoulou
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Mavrogianni
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Dinopoulou
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Haralampos Theofanakis
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotodotis Malamas
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Marinopoulos
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ritsa Bletsa
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Elli Anagnostou
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Kallianidis
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Loutradis
- Division of Human Reproduction, IVF Unit, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Hospital, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
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1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) ameliorates Th17 autoimmunity via transcriptional modulation of interleukin-17A. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:3653-69. [PMID: 21746882 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.05020-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of inflammatory CD4(+) T cells that produce interleukin-17 (IL-17) (termed Th17) has been identified, which plays a critical role in numerous inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases. The active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)], has a direct repressive effect on the expression of IL-17A in both human and mouse T cells. In vivo treatment of mice with ongoing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; a mouse model of multiple sclerosis) diminishes paralysis and progression of the disease and reduces IL-17A-secreting CD4(+) T cells in the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). The mechanism of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) repression of IL-17A expression was found to be transcriptional repression, mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Transcription assays, gel shifting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicate that the negative effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on IL-17A involves blocking of nuclear factor for activated T cells (NFAT), recruitment of histone deacetylase (HDAC), sequestration of Runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)/VDR, and a direct effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on induction of Foxp3. Our results describe novel mechanisms and new concepts with regard to vitamin D and the immune system and suggest therapeutic targets for the control of autoimmune diseases.
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Xing H, McDonagh PD, Bienkowska J, Cashorali T, Runge K, Miller RE, DeCaprio D, Church B, Roubenoff R, Khalil IG, Carulli J. Causal modeling using network ensemble simulations of genetic and gene expression data predicts genes involved in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1001105. [PMID: 21423713 PMCID: PMC3053315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a key regulator of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). TNF-α blocker therapies can be very effective for a substantial number of patients, but fail to work in one third of patients who show no or minimal response. It is therefore necessary to discover new molecular intervention points involved in TNF-α blocker treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients. We describe a data analysis strategy for predicting gene expression measures that are critical for rheumatoid arthritis using a combination of comprehensive genotyping, whole blood gene expression profiles and the component clinical measures of the arthritis Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28) score. Two separate network ensembles, each comprised of 1024 networks, were built from molecular measures from subjects before and 14 weeks after treatment with TNF-α blocker. The network ensemble built from pre-treated data captures TNF-α dependent mechanistic information, while the ensemble built from data collected under TNF-α blocker treatment captures TNF-α independent mechanisms. In silico simulations of targeted, personalized perturbations of gene expression measures from both network ensembles identify transcripts in three broad categories. Firstly, 22 transcripts are identified to have new roles in modulating the DAS28 score; secondly, there are 6 transcripts that could be alternative targets to TNF-α blocker therapies, including CD86 - a component of the signaling axis targeted by Abatacept (CTLA4-Ig), and finally, 59 transcripts that are predicted to modulate the count of tender or swollen joints but not sufficiently enough to have a significant impact on DAS28. The collection and analysis of clinical data has played a key role in providing insights into the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease. However, it is imperative that molecular and genetic data also be collected and integrated into the creation of network models, which capture underlying mechanisms of disease and can be interrogated to elucidate previously unknown biology. Bringing data from the clinic to the bench completes the cycle of translational research, which we demonstrate with this work. We built disease models from genetics, whole blood gene expression profiles and the component clinical measures of rheumatoid arthritis using a data-driven approach that leverages supercomputing. Genetic factors can be utilized as a source of perturbation to the system such that causal connections between genetics, molecular entities and clinical outcomes can be inferred. The existing TNF-α blocker treatments for rheumatoid arthritis are only effective for approximately 2/3 of the affected population. We identified novel therapeutic intervention points that may lead to the development of alternatives to TNF-α blocker treatments. We believe this approach will provide improved drug discovery programs, new insights into disease progression, increased drug efficacy and novel biomarkers for chronic and complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Xing
- Gene Network Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Paul D. McDonagh
- Gene Network Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Tanya Cashorali
- Gene Network Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karl Runge
- Gene Network Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Miller
- Gene Network Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dave DeCaprio
- Gene Network Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce Church
- Gene Network Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Iya G. Khalil
- Gene Network Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John Carulli
- Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Ciavatta DJ, Yang J, Preston GA, Badhwar AK, Xiao H, Hewins P, Nester CM, Pendergraft WF, Magnuson TR, Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Epigenetic basis for aberrant upregulation of autoantigen genes in humans with ANCA vasculitis. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:3209-19. [PMID: 20714105 DOI: 10.1172/jci40034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) causes vascular injury that leads to small-vessel vasculitis. Patients with ANCA aberrantly express neutrophil granule-encoding genes, including 2 that encode autoantigens: proteinase 3 (PR3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). To uncover a potential transcriptional regulatory mechanism for PR3 and MPO disrupted in patients with ANCA vasculitis, we examined the PR3 and MPO loci in neutrophils from ANCA patients and healthy control individuals for epigenetic modifications associated with gene silencing. We found that levels of the chromatin modification H3K27me3, which is associated with gene silencing, were depleted at PR3 and MPO loci in ANCA patients compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, in both patients and controls, DNA was unmethylated at a CpG island in PR3, whereas in healthy controls, DNA was methylated at a CpG island in MPO. Consistent with decreased levels of H3K27me3, JMJD3, the demethylase specific for H3K27me3, was preferentially expressed in ANCA patients versus healthy controls. In addition, we describe a mechanism for recruiting the H3K27 methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) to PR3 and MPO loci mediated by RUNX3. RUNX3 message was decreased in patients compared with healthy controls, and may also be under epigenetic control. DNA methylation was increased at the RUNX3 promoter in ANCA patients. These data indicate that epigenetic modifications associated with gene silencing are perturbed at ANCA autoantigen-encoding genes, potentially contributing to inappropriate expression of PR3 and MPO in ANCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Ciavatta
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center, UNC-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7155, USA
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Grcevic D, Jajic Z, Kovacic N, Lukic IK, Velagic V, Grubisic F, Ivcevic S, Marusic A. Peripheral blood expression profiles of bone morphogenetic proteins, tumor necrosis factor-superfamily molecules, and transcription factor Runx2 could be used as markers of the form of arthritis, disease activity, and therapeutic responsiveness. J Rheumatol 2009; 37:246-56. [PMID: 20008919 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.090167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether different forms of arthritis and disease activity could be distinguished by peripheral blood expression profiles of bone-regulatory factors including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-superfamily [TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), the Fas ligand (FasL), and the ligand for herpesvirus entry mediator (LIGHT)] and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-family members (BMP-2, BMP-4, BMP-6) as well as osteoblast differentiation gene Runx2. METHODS Blood cells from healthy controls (n = 25) and patients at different disease stages with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; n = 49), osteoarthritis (OA; n = 17), or spondyloarthritis, including ankylosing spondylitis (AS; n = 27) or psoriatic arthritis (PsA; n = 23), were processed for quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression was assessed in comparison with control samples, correlated with clinical data of different forms of arthritis, and analyzed for discriminative efficacy between groups by receiver-operation characteristic (ROC) curves. Results were confirmed on diagnostic RA (n = 5) and AS (n = 8) samples. RESULTS BMP-4, BMP-6, and Runx2 expressions were significantly decreased in patients with RA and OA versus controls. Patients with RA also had decreased FasL and LIGHT expression, while patients with AS had increased Runx2 expression. Negative correlation with disease activity was found for BMP-4, FasL, and Runx2 in RA and for Runx2 in PsA, while positive correlation was found for BMP-4 in PsA. Gene expression was higher in the therapy-resistant form of AS (for BMP-4, LIGHT, and Runx2) and in methotrexate-treated patients in RA (for BMP-2 and LIGHT). ROC curve analysis confirmed discrimination between groups, particularly decreased LIGHT and Runx2 for RA and increased Runx2 for AS. CONCLUSION Our study identified BMP and Runx2 as possible biomarkers of bone metabolism in several forms of arthritis, while lower FasL and LIGHT were associated with RA. Correlation between gene expression and disease activity may be clinically useful in assessing therapeutic effectiveness and disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danka Grcevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Zagami CJ, Zusso M, Stifani S. Runx transcription factors: lineage-specific regulators of neuronal precursor cell proliferation and post-mitotic neuron subtype development. J Cell Biochem 2009; 107:1063-72. [PMID: 19507194 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Runt-related (RUNX) genes encode evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that play essential roles during development and adult tissue homeostasis. RUNX proteins regulate the transition from proliferation to differentiation in a variety of cell lineages. Moreover, they control the diversification of distinct cellular phenotypes in numerous tissues. Alterations of RUNX functions are associated with several cancers and other human pathologies, underscoring the vital roles of these transcription factors in adult organs. Insights into the functions and regulations of mammalian RUNX proteins have been provided mostly by studies of RUNX involvement in mechanisms of hematopoietic and skeletal development and disease. A growing number of recent investigations are revealing new functions for RUNX family members during the development of the mammalian nervous system. This review will discuss recent progress in the study of RUNX protein involvement in mammalian neural development, with emphasis on the differentiation of olfactory, sensory, and motor neuron lineages.
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Kitoh A, Ono M, Naoe Y, Ohkura N, Yamaguchi T, Yaguchi H, Kitabayashi I, Tsukada T, Nomura T, Miyachi Y, Taniuchi I, Sakaguchi S. Indispensable role of the Runx1-Cbfbeta transcription complex for in vivo-suppressive function of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Immunity 2009; 31:609-20. [PMID: 19800266 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Naturally arising regulatory T (Treg) cells express the transcription factor FoxP3, which critically controls the development and function of Treg cells. FoxP3 interacts with another transcription factor Runx1 (also known as AML1). Here, we showed that Treg cell-specific deficiency of Cbfbeta, a cofactor for all Runx proteins, or that of Runx1, but not Runx3, induced lymphoproliferation, autoimmune disease, and hyperproduction of IgE. Cbfb-deleted Treg cells exhibited impaired suppressive function in vitro and in vivo, with altered gene expression profiles including attenuated expression of FoxP3 and high expression of interleukin-4. The Runx complex bound to more than 3000 gene loci in Treg cells, including the Foxp3 regulatory regions and the Il4 silencer. In addition, knockdown of RUNX1 showed that RUNX1 is required for the optimal regulation of FoxP3 expression in human T cells. Taken together, our results indicate that the Runx1-Cbfbeta heterodimer is indispensable for in vivo Treg cell function, in particular, suppressive activity and optimal expression of FoxP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Liu J, Park ES, Jo M. Runt-related transcription factor 1 regulates luteinized hormone-induced prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 expression in rat periovulatory granulosa cells. Endocrinology 2009; 150:3291-300. [PMID: 19342459 PMCID: PMC2703554 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1), a transcription factor, is transiently induced by the LH surge and regulates gene expression in periovulatory granulosa cells. Potential binding sites for RUNX are present in the 5'-flanking region of the Ptgs2 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2) gene. Periovulatory Ptgs2 expression is essential for ovulation. In the present study, we investigated the role of RUNX1 in mediating the LH-induced expression of Ptgs2 in periovulatory granulosa cells. We first determined whether the suppression of Runx1 expression or activity affects Ptgs2 expression using cultured preovulatory granulosa cells isolated from immature rat ovaries primed with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin for 48 h. Knockdown of human chorionic gonadotropin-induced Runx1 expression by small interfering RNA or inhibition of endogenous RUNX activities by dominant-negative RUNX decreased human chorionic gonadotropin or agonist-stimulated Ptgs2 expression and transcriptional activity of Ptgs2 promoter reporter constructs. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed in vivo binding of endogenous RUNX1 to the Ptgs2 promoter region in rat periovulatory granulosa cells. Direct binding of RUNX1 to two RUNX-binding motifs in the Ptgs2 promoter region was confirmed by EMSA. The mutation of these two binding motifs resulted in decreased transcriptional activity of Ptgs2 promoter reporter constructs in preovulatory granulosa cells. Taken together, these findings provide experimental evidence that the LH-dependent induction of Ptgs2 expression results, in part, from RUNX1-mediated transactivation of the Ptgs2 promoter. The results of the present study assign potential significance for LH-induced RUNX1 in the ovulatory process via regulating Ptgs2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298, USA
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Bertsias GK, Nakou M, Choulaki C, Raptopoulou A, Papadimitraki E, Goulielmos G, Kritikos H, Sidiropoulos P, Tzardi M, Kardassis D, Mamalaki C, Boumpas DT. Genetic, immunologic, and immunohistochemical analysis of the programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 pathway in human systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:207-18. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Weersma RK, Zhou L, Nolte IM, van der Steege G, van Dullemen HM, Oosterom E, Bok L, Peppelenbosch MP, Faber KN, Kleibeuker JH, Dijkstra G. Runt-related transcription factor 3 is associated with ulcerative colitis and shows epistasis with solute carrier family 22, members 4 and 5. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:1615-22. [PMID: 18668679 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are intestinal inflammatory disorders with a complex genetic background. Mice deficient for the runt-domain-transcription-factor3 (Runx3) develop spontaneous colitis. Human RUNX3 resides in an IBD-susceptibility locus. We studied the association of RUNX3 in a cohort of IBD patients and analyzed the interaction with SLC22A4/5. RUNX3 and OCTN1 mRNA expression was assessed in inflamed and noninflamed mucosa from patients and controls. METHODS 543 IBD patients (309 CD / 234 UC) and 296 controls were included. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 4 microsatellite markers were studied for RUNX3. Five SNPs (including SNP-207G-->C and SNP1672C-->T) were analyzed for SLC22A4/5. RUNX3, and OCTN1 expression in mucosal tissue from 30 patients (14 UC / 16 CD) and 6 controls were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A significant association between RUNX3-SNP rs2236851 and UC (OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-2.32, P = 0.020) was found. Carriership is associated with pancolitis (odds ratio [OR] 1.86; 95% CI 1.08-3.21). SLC22A4/5-SNPs rs272893 and rs273900 are associated with CD (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.21-3.59 and OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.43-4.05). We found epistasis for carriership of a risk-associated allele in RUNX3 and SLC22A4/5 for UC patients versus CD patients (OR 3.83; 95% CI 1.26-11.67). RUNX3 mRNA expression is increased (P = 0.01) in inflamed colonic mucosa of UC patients compared to noninflamed mucosa and controls. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence for the genetic association of RUNX3 with UC and for CD with the IBD5 locus including SLC22A4/5. An epistatic effect of RUNX3 and SLC22A4 was associated with an increased risk for UC. Our data suggest a role for RUNX3 in UC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Richards JS, Liu Z, Shimada M. Immune-like mechanisms in ovulation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2008; 19:191-6. [PMID: 18407514 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2008.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ovulation is the unique biological process by which a mature oocyte (egg) and surrounding somatic cells, the cumulus cell-oocyte complex (COC), are released from the surface of the ovary into the oviduct for transport and fertilization. Ovulation is similar to an inflammatory response: the follicles become hyperemic, produce prostaglandins and synthesize a hyaluronan-rich extracellular matrix. However, this view of ovulation might be too restrictive and needs to be broadened to encompass the innate immune cell surveillance-response system. This hypothesis is being proposed because ovarian granulosa cells and cumulus cells express and respond to innate immune cell-related surveillance proteins (Toll-like receptors 2 and 4) and cytokines, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), during ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne S Richards
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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40
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Gregg JP, Lit L, Baron CA, Hertz-Picciotto I, Walker W, Davis RA, Croen LA, Ozonoff S, Hansen R, Pessah IN, Sharp FR. Gene expression changes in children with autism. Genomics 2007; 91:22-9. [PMID: 18006270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify gene expression differences in blood differences in children with autism (AU) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to general population controls. Transcriptional profiles were compared with age- and gender-matched, typically developing children from the general population (GP). The AU group was subdivided based on a history of developmental regression (A-R) or a history of early onset (A-E without regression). Total RNA from blood was processed on human Affymetrix microarrays. Thirty-five children with AU (17 with early onset autism and 18 with autism with regression) and 14 ASD children (who did not meet criteria for AU) were compared to 12 GP children. Unpaired t tests (corrected for multiple comparisons with a false discovery rate of 0.05) detected a number of genes that were regulated more than 1.5-fold for AU versus GP (n=55 genes), for A-E versus GP (n=140 genes), for A-R versus GP (n=20 genes), and for A-R versus A-E (n=494 genes). No genes were significantly regulated for ASD versus GP. There were 11 genes shared between the comparisons of all autism subgroups to GP (AU, A-E, and A-R versus GP) and these genes were all expressed in natural killer cells and many belonged to the KEGG natural killer cytotoxicity pathway (p=0.02). A subset of these genes (n=7) was tested with qRT-PCR and all genes were found to be differentially expressed (p<0.05). We conclude that the gene expression data support emerging evidence for abnormalities in peripheral blood leukocytes in autism that could represent a genetic and/or environmental predisposition to the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Gregg
- Department of Pathology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Crew KD, Greenlee H, Capodice J, Raptis G, Brafman L, Fuentes D, Sierra A, Hershman DL. Prevalence of joint symptoms in postmenopausal women taking aromatase inhibitors for early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:3877-83. [PMID: 17761973 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.10.7573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) improve survival in postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive breast cancer, but can cause joint pain and stiffness. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for AI-related joint symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a cross-sectional survey of consecutive postmenopausal women receiving adjuvant AI therapy for early-stage hormone-sensitive breast cancer at an urban academic breast oncology clinic. Patients completed a 25-item self-administered questionnaire assessing the presence of joint symptoms that started or worsened after initiating AIs. Multivariate regression was used to compare those with AI-related arthralgia with those who did not report symptoms, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. RESULTS Of 200 patients who completed the survey, 94 (47%) reported having AI-related joint pain and 88 (44%) reported AI-related joint stiffness. In multiple logistic regression analysis, being overweight (body mass index of 25 to 30 kg/m(2)) and prior tamoxifen therapy were inversely associated with AI-related joint symptoms. Patients who received taxane chemotherapy were more than four times more likely than other patients to have AI-related joint pain and stiffness (odds ratio [OR] = 4.08, 95% CI, 1.58 to 10.57 and OR = 4.76; 95% CI, 1.84 to 12.28, respectively). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that AI-related joint symptoms are more prevalent than what has been described previously in clinical trials. The success of AI therapy depends on patients' ability to adhere to treatment recommendations; therefore, additional studies of interventions that may alleviate these symptoms are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Crew
- Department of Medicine and the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Shimada M, Hernandez-Gonzalez I, Gonzalez-Robanya I, Richards JS. Induced Expression of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Cumulus Oocyte Complexes: Novel Evidence for Innate Immune-Like Functions during Ovulation. Mol Endocrinol 2006; 20:3228-39. [PMID: 16931571 DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovulation is the complex, inflammatory-like process by which the cumulus oocyte complex (COC) is released from a mature, preovulatory follicle through a rupture site at the ovarian surface and requires expression of genes that generate and stabilize the expanded extracellular COC matrix. Gene profiling analyses of COCs at selected time intervals during ovulation revealed that many genes associated with immune related surveillance functions were also induced in cumulus cells. Specifically, cell surface signaling molecules known as pattern recognition receptors that act as sensors of the external environment important for the innate immune system to detect self from nonself or altered self are induced and/or expressed in cumulus cells as well as granulosa cells. These include the complement factor q1, CD14, and the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4, 8, and 9 as well as mediators of TLR activation, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 and interferon regulatory factor 3. COCs exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide exhibit enhanced phosphorylation of p38MAPK, ERK1/2 and nuclear factor-kappaB and increased expression of Il6 and Tnfa target genes, documenting that the TLR pathway is functional. Cumulus cells and granulosa cells also express the scavenger receptors CD36 and scavenger receptor type B1 and exhibited phagocytic uptake of fluorescently tagged bacterial particles. Collectively, these results provide novel evidence that cumulus cells as well as granulosa cells express innate immune related genes that may play critical roles in surveillance and cell survival during the ovulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Shimada
- Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Stoeckman AK, Baechler EC, Ortmann WA, Behrens TW, Michet CJ, Peterson EJ. A distinct inflammatory gene expression profile in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Genes Immun 2006; 7:583-91. [PMID: 16971957 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a systemic inflammatory condition featuring polyarthritis associated with psoriasis. Apart from clinical indicators, few biomarkers exist to aid in the diagnosis and management of PsA. We hypothesized that whole blood gene expression profiling would provide new diagnostic markers and/or insights into pathogenesis of the disease. We compared whole blood gene expression profiles in PsA patients and in age-matched controls. We identified 310 differentially expressed genes, the majority of which are upregulated in PsA patients. The PsA expression profile does not significantly overlap with profiles derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Logistic regression identified two lymphocyte-specific genes (zinc-finger protein 395 and phosphoinositide-3-kinase 2B) that discriminate PsA patients from normal controls. In addition, a highly coregulated cluster of overexpressed genes implicated in protein kinase A regulation strongly correlates with erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Other clusters of coregulated, yet suppressed genes in PsA patient blood include molecules involved in T-cell signaling. Finally, differentially expressed genes in PsA fall into diverse functional categories, but many downregulated genes belong to a CD40 signaling pathway. Together, the data suggest that gene expression profiles of PsA patient blood contain candidate novel disease markers and clues to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Stoeckman
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Alarcón-Riquelme ME. The genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus: understanding how SNPs confer disease susceptibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 28:109-17. [PMID: 16964481 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-006-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The identification of genes for autoimmune diseases is just the first step towards our understanding of disease pathogenesis. In investigating how mutations, deletions or other types of polymorphic defects occur, it is important to determine the pathways and the mechanisms through which susceptibility leads to disease. In this review I touch on three examples of studies that have attempted to understand the mechanisms of genetic susceptibility in three genes identified recently for systemic lupus erythematosus: PDCD1, PTPN22 and IRF5. We are just beginning to comprehend and much needs to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Yarmus M, Woolf E, Bernstein Y, Fainaru O, Negreanu V, Levanon D, Groner Y. Groucho/transducin-like Enhancer-of-split (TLE)-dependent and -independent transcriptional regulation by Runx3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:7384-9. [PMID: 16651517 PMCID: PMC1464349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602470103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression by tissue-specific transcription factors involves both turning on and turning off transcription of target genes. Runx3, a runt-domain transcription factor, regulates cell-intrinsic functions by activating and repressing gene expression in sensory neurons, dendritic cells (DC), and T cells. To investigate the mechanism of Runx3-mediated repression in an in vivo context, we generated mice expressing a mutant Runx3 lacking the C-terminal VWRPY, a motif required for Runx3 interaction with the corepressor Groucho/transducin-like Enhancer-of-split (TLE). In contrast with Runx3(-/-) mice, which displayed ataxia due to the death of dorsal root ganglia TrkC neurons, Runx3(VWRPY-/-) mice were not ataxic and had intact dorsal root ganglia neurons, indicating that ability of Runx3 to tether Groucho/TLE is not essential for neurogenesis. In the DC compartment, the mutant protein Runx3(VWRPY-) promoted normally developed skin Langerhans cells but failed to restrain DC spontaneous maturation, indicating that this latter process involves Runx3-mediated repression through recruitment of Groucho/TLE. Moreover, in CD8(+) thymocytes, Runx3(VWRPY-) up-regulated alphaE/CD103-like WT Runx3, whereas unlike wild type, it failed to repress alphaE/CD103 in CD8(+) splenocytes. Thus, in CD8-lineage T cells, Runx3 regulates alphaE/CD103 in opposing regulatory modes and recruits Groucho/TLE to facilitate the transition from activation to repression. Runx3(VWRPY-) also failed to mediate the epigenetic silencing of CD4 gene in CD8(+) T cells, but normally regulated other pan-CD8(+) T cell genes. These data provide evidence for the requirement of Groucho/TLE for Runx3-mediated epigenetic silencing of CD4 and pertain to the mechanism through which other Runx3-regulated genes are epigenetically silenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merav Yarmus
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eilon Woolf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yael Bernstein
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ofer Fainaru
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Varda Negreanu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ditsa Levanon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoram Groner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail
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Fainaru O, Shseyov D, Hantisteanu S, Groner Y. Accelerated chemokine receptor 7-mediated dendritic cell migration in Runx3 knockout mice and the spontaneous development of asthma-like disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:10598-603. [PMID: 16027362 PMCID: PMC1180803 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504787102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Runx3 transcription factor is a key regulator of lineage-specific gene expression in several developmental pathways and could also be involved in autoimmunity. We report that, in dendritic cells (DC), Runx3 regulates TGFbeta-mediated transcriptional attenuation of the chemokine receptor CCR7. When Runx3 is lost, i.e., in Runx3 knockout mice, expression of CCR7 is enhanced, resulting in increased migration of alveolar DC to the lung-draining lymph nodes. This increased DC migration and the consequent accumulation of activated DC in draining lymph nodes is associated with the development of asthma-like features, including increased serum IgE, hypersensitivity to inhaled bacterial lipopolysaccharide, and methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. The enhanced migration of DC in the knockout mice could be blocked in vivo by anti-CCR7 antibodies and by the drug Ciglitazone, known to inhibit CCR7 expression. The data indicate that Runx3 transcriptionally regulates CCR7 and that, when absent, the dysregulated expression of CCR7 in DC plays a role in the etiology of asthmatic conditions that recapitulate clinical symptoms of the human disease. Interestingly, human RUNX3 resides in a region of chromosome 1p36 that contains susceptibility genes for asthma and hypersensitivity against environmental antigens. Thus, mutations in RUNX3 may be associated with increased sensitivity to asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Fainaru
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Brenner O, Levanon D, Negreanu V, Golubkov O, Fainaru O, Woolf E, Groner Y. Loss of Runx3 function in leukocytes is associated with spontaneously developed colitis and gastric mucosal hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:16016-21. [PMID: 15514019 PMCID: PMC528776 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0407180101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX transcription factors are key regulators of lineage-specific gene expression and might be involved in autoimmune diseases. Runx3 plays a role during the development of sensory neurons and T cells and regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling in dendritic cells. Here, we report that at 4 weeks of age, Runx3 knockout (KO) mice spontaneously develop inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by leukocyte infiltration, mucosal hyperplasia, formation of lymphoid clusters, and increased production of IgA. Additionally, at a considerably older age (8 months), the KO mice also develop progressive hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa associated with disturbed epithelial differentiation and cellular hyaline degeneration. Analysis of cytokines in the colonic mucosa of Runx3 KO mice revealed a mixed T helper 1/T helper 2 response. By using immunohistochemistry and RNA in situ hybridization, Runx3 expression in the gastrointestinal tract is detected in lymphoid and myeloid populations but not in the epithelium. The data indicate that loss of leukocytic cell-autonomous function of Runx3 results in IBD and gastric lesion in the KO mice. IBD in humans is viewed as a complex genetic disorder. Several susceptibility loci were identified on different human chromosomes including the chromosomal region 1p36 where RUNX3 resides. It is thus tempting to speculate that mutations in RUNX3 may constitute an IBD risk factor in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Brenner
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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