1
|
Islam MM, Takeyama N. Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Health and Disease Pathophysiology: Recent Insights and Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15805. [PMID: 37958788 PMCID: PMC10649138 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the principal trouper of the innate immune system. Activated neutrophils undergo a noble cell death termed NETosis and release a mesh-like structure called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as a part of their defensive strategy against microbial pathogen attack. This web-like architecture includes a DNA backbone embedded with antimicrobial proteins like myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), histones and deploys in the entrapment and clearance of encountered pathogens. Thus NETs play an inevitable beneficial role in the host's protection. However, recent accumulated evidence shows that dysregulated and enhanced NET formation has various pathological aspects including the promotion of sepsis, pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, nephrological, thrombotic, autoimmune, pregnancy, and cancer diseases, and the list is increasing gradually. In this review, we summarize the NET-mediated pathophysiology of different diseases and focus on some updated potential therapeutic approaches against NETs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Islam
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Chattogram 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Naoshi Takeyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Englert H, Göbel J, Khong D, Omidi M, Wolska N, Konrath S, Frye M, Mailer RK, Beerens M, Gerwers JC, Preston RJS, Odeberg J, Butler LM, Maas C, Stavrou EX, Fuchs TA, Renné T. Targeting NETs using dual-active DNase1 variants. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181761. [PMID: 37287977 PMCID: PMC10242134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) are key mediators of immunothrombotic mechanisms and defective clearance of NETs from the circulation underlies an array of thrombotic, inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. Efficient NET degradation depends on the combined activity of two distinct DNases, DNase1 and DNase1-like 3 (DNase1L3) that preferentially digest double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and chromatin, respectively. Methods Here, we engineered a dual-active DNase with combined DNase1 and DNase1L3 activities and characterized the enzyme for its NET degrading potential in vitro. Furthermore, we produced a mouse model with transgenic expression of the dual-active DNase and analyzed body fluids of these animals for DNase1 and DNase 1L3 activities. We systematically substituted 20 amino acid stretches in DNase1 that were not conserved among DNase1 and DNase1L3 with homologous DNase1L3 sequences. Results We found that the ability of DNase1L3 to degrade chromatin is embedded into three discrete areas of the enzyme's core body, not the C-terminal domain as suggested by the state-of-the-art. Further, combined transfer of the aforementioned areas of DNase1L3 to DNase1 generated a dual-active DNase1 enzyme with additional chromatin degrading activity. The dual-active DNase1 mutant was superior to native DNase1 and DNase1L3 in degrading dsDNA and chromatin, respectively. Transgenic expression of the dual-active DNase1 mutant in hepatocytes of mice lacking endogenous DNases revealed that the engineered enzyme was stable in the circulation, released into serum and filtered to the bile but not into the urine. Conclusion Therefore, the dual-active DNase1 mutant is a promising tool for neutralization of DNA and NETs with potential therapeutic applications for interference with thromboinflammatory disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Englert
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Josephine Göbel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Danika Khong
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryam Omidi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nina Wolska
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Konrath
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Frye
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reiner K. Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manu Beerens
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julian C. Gerwers
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roger J. S. Preston
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacob Odeberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lynn M. Butler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, CBH, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Coen Maas
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Evi X. Stavrou
- Medicine Service, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Louis Stokes Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Tobias A. Fuchs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Neutrolis, Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zou YR, Davidson A. Nucleic Acid Sensing and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: The Danger of Self. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:431-433. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This Pillars of Immunology article is a commentary on “Chromatin–IgG complexes activate B cells by dual engagement of IgM and Toll-like receptors,” a pivotal article written by E. A. Leadbetter, I. R. Rifkin, A. M. Hohlbaum, B. C. Beaudette, M. J. Shlomchik and A. Marshak-Rothstein, and published in Nature in 2002. https://www.nature.com/articles/416603a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Rui Zou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Anne Davidson
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmad A, Mandwie M, O'Sullivan KM, Smyth C, York J, Doyle H, Holdsworth S, Pickering MC, Lachmann PJ, Alexander IE, Logan G. Conversion of the liver into a biofactory for DNaseI using adeno-associated virus vector gene transfer reduces neutrophil extracellular traps in a model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:560-571. [PMID: 35293226 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are proving to be clinically transformative tools in the treatment of monogenic genetic disease. Rapid ongoing development of this technology promises to not only increase the number of monogenic disorders amenable to this approach, but also to bring diseases with complex multigenic and non-genetic aetiologies within therapeutic reach. Here we explore the broader paradigm of converting the liver into a biofactory for systemic output of therapeutic molecules using AAV-mediated delivery of DNaseI as an exemplar. DNaseI can clear neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are nuclear-protein structures possessing anti-microbial action that are also involved in the pathophysiology of clinically troubling immune-mediated diseases. However, a translational challenge is short half-life of the enzyme in vivo (<5 hours). The current study demonstrates that AAV-mediated liver-targeted gene transfer stably induces serum DNaseI activity to >190-fold above physiological levels. In lupus-prone mice (NZBWF1) activity was maintained for longer than 6 months, the latest time point tested, and resulted in a clear functional effect with reduced renal presence of neutrophils, NETs, IgG and complement C3. However, treatment in this complex disease model did not extend life-span, improve serological endpoints or preserve renal function indicating there are elements of pathophysiology not accessible to DNaseI in the NZBWF1 model. We conclude that a translational solution to the challenge of short half-life of DNaseI is AAV-mediated gene delivery and that this may be efficacious in treating disease where NETs are a dominant pathological mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ahmad
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, Westmead, Australia;
| | - Mawj Mandwie
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, Westmead, Australia;
| | | | - Christine Smyth
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145;
| | - Jarrod York
- The University of Sydney, 4334, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Helen Doyle
- The Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Randwick and Westmead, 371501, Pathology, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Stephen Holdsworth
- Monash University, 2541, Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Imperial College London, 4615, Centre of Inflammatory Disease, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Peter J Lachmann
- University of Cambridge, 2152, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Ian Edward Alexander
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network and Children's Medical Research Institute, Corner Hawkesbury Rd & Hainsworth St, Locked Bag 4001, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia, 2145 Sydney;
| | - Grant Logan
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 58454, Gene Therapy Research Unit, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, Australia, 2145;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmad A, Mandwie M, Dreismann AK, Smyth CM, Doyle H, Malik TH, Pickering MC, Lachmann PJ, Alexander IE, Logan GJ. Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Gene Delivery Elevates Factor I Levels and Downregulates the Complement Alternative Pathway In Vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:1370-1381. [PMID: 34238030 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2021.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a key component of innate immunity, but impaired regulation influences disease susceptibility, including age-related macular degeneration and some kidney diseases. While complete complement inhibition has been used successfully to treat acute kidney disease, key unresolved challenges include strategies to modulate rather than completely inhibit the system and to deliver therapy potentially over decades. Elevating concentrations of complement factor I (CFI) restricts complement activation in vitro and this approach was extended in the current study to modulate complement activation in vivo. Sustained increases in CFI levels were achieved using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector to target the liver, inducing a 4- to 5-fold increase in circulating CFI levels. This led to decreased activity of the alternative pathway as demonstrated by a reduction in the rate of inactive C3b (iC3b) deposition and more rapid formation of C3 degradation products. In addition, vector application in a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (NZBWF1), where tissue injury is, in part, complement dependent, resulted in reduced complement C3 and IgG renal deposition. Collectively, these data demonstrate that sustained elevation of CFI reduces complement activation in vivo providing proof-of-principle support for the therapeutic application of AAV gene delivery to modulate complement activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ahmad
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mawj Mandwie
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Anna K Dreismann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christine M Smyth
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Helen Doyle
- Pathology, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
| | - Talat H Malik
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Matthew C Pickering
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter J Lachmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian E Alexander
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Grant J Logan
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute and Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xia Y, He J, Zhang H, Wang H, Tetz G, Maguire CA, Wang Y, Onuma A, Genkin D, Tetz V, Stepanov A, Terekhov S, Ukrainskaya V, Huang H, Tsung A. AAV-mediated gene transfer of DNase I in the liver of mice with colorectal cancer reduces liver metastasis and restores local innate and adaptive immune response. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2920-2935. [PMID: 32813937 PMCID: PMC7607180 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis is the main cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)‐related death. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in CRC progression. Deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) has been shown to alter NET function by cleaving DNA strands comprising the NET backbone. Moreover, DNase I displays high antimetastatic activity in multiple tumor models. To circumvent long‐term daily administrations of recombinant DNase I, we have developed an adeno‐associated virus (AAV) gene therapy vector to specifically express DNase I in the liver. In this study, we demonstrate AAV‐mediated DNase I liver gene transfer following a single intravenous injection suppresses the development of liver metastases in a mouse model of CRC liver metastasis. Increased levels of neutrophils and NET formation in tumors are associated with poor prognosis in many patients with advanced cancers. Neutrophil infiltration and NET formation were inhibited in tumor tissues with AAV‐DNase I treatment. This approach restored local immune responses at the tumor site by increasing the percentage of CD8+ T cells while keeping CD4+ T cells similar between AAV‐DNase I and AAV‐null treatments. Our data suggest that AAV‐mediated DNase I liver gene transfer is a safe and effective modality to inhibit metastasis and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xia
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi He
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongji Zhang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - George Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, USA.,CLS-Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey A Maguire
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amblessed Onuma
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Victor Tetz
- Human Microbiology Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexey Stepanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav Terekhov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeria Ukrainskaya
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hai Huang
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lam C, Santell L, Wilson B, Yim M, Louie S, Tang D, Shaw D, Chan P, Lazarus RA, Snedecor B, Misaghi S. Taming hyperactive hDNase I: Stable inducible expression of a hyperactive salt- and actin-resistant variant of human deoxyribonuclease I in CHO cells. Biotechnol Prog 2017; 33:523-533. [PMID: 28127892 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While the most common causes of clonal instability are DNA copy number loss and silencing, toxicity of the expressed protein(s) may also induce clonal instability. Human DNase I (hDNase I) is used therapeutically for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) and may have potential benefit for use in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). hDNase I is an endonuclease that catalyzes degradation of extracellular DNA and is inhibited by both salt and G-actin. Engineered versions of hDNase I, bearing multiple point mutations, which renders them Hyperactive, Salt- and Actin-Resistant (HSAR-hDNase I) have been developed previously. However, constitutive expression of HSAR-hDNase I enzymes has been very challenging and, despite considerable efforts and screening thousands of clones, no stable clone capable of constitutive expression had been obtained. Here, we developed a regulated expression system for stable expression of an HSAR-hDNase I in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The HSAR-hDNase I clones were stable and, upon induction, expressed enzymatically functional protein. Our findings suggest that degradation of host's DNA mediated by HSAR-hDNase I during cell division is the likely cause of clonal instability observed in cells constitutively expressing this protein. Purified HSAR-hDNase I was both hyperactive and resistant to inhibition by salt and G-actin, resulting in an enzyme having ca. 10-fold greater specific activity and the potential to be a superior therapeutic agent to wild type (WT) hDNase I. Furthermore, the ability to regulate hDNase I expression has enabled process development improvements that achieve higher cell growth and product titers while maintaining product quality. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:523-533, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lam
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Lydia Santell
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Blair Wilson
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Dept., Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Mandy Yim
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Salina Louie
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Danming Tang
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - David Shaw
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Pamela Chan
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Dept., Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Robert A Lazarus
- Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Brad Snedecor
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| | - Shahram Misaghi
- Early Stage Cell Culture, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, 94080
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gajic-Veljic M, Bonaci-Nikolic B, Lekic B, Skiljevic D, Ciric J, Zoric S, Stojimirovic B, Nikolic M. Importance of low serum DNase I activity and polyspecific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in propylthiouracil-induced lupus-like syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015; 54:2061-70. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
9
|
Tóth K, Wasserkort R, Sipos F, Kalmár A, Wichmann B, Leiszter K, Valcz G, Juhász M, Miheller P, Patai ÁV, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Detection of methylated septin 9 in tissue and plasma of colorectal patients with neoplasia and the relationship to the amount of circulating cell-free DNA. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115415. [PMID: 25526039 PMCID: PMC4272286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of methylated Septin 9 (mSEPT9) in plasma has been shown to be a sensitive and specific biomarker for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the relationship between methylated DNA in plasma and colon tissue of the same subjects has not been reported. METHODS Plasma and matching biopsy samples were collected from 24 patients with no evidence of disease (NED), 26 patients with adenoma and 34 patients with CRC. Following bisulfite conversion of DNA a commercial RT-PCR assay was used to determine the total amount of DNA in each sample and the fraction of mSEPT9 DNA. The Septin-9 protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The percent of methylated reference (PMR) values for SEPT9 above a PMR threshold of 1% were detected in 4.2% (1/24) of NED, 100% (26/26) of adenoma and 97.1% (33/34) of CRC tissues. PMR differences between NED vs. adenoma and NED vs. CRC comparisons were significant (p<0.001). In matching plasma samples using a PMR cut-off level of 0.01%, SEPT9 methylation was 8.3% (2/24) of NED, 30.8% (8/26) of adenoma and 88.2% (30/34) of CRC. Significant PMR differences were observed between NED vs. CRC (p<0.01) and adenoma vs. CRC (p<0.01). Significant differences (p<0.01) were found in the amount of cfDNA (circulating cell-free DNA) between NED and CRC, and a modest correlation was observed between mSEPT9 concentration and cfDNA of cancer (R2 = 0.48). The level of Septin-9 protein in tissues was inversely correlated to mSEPT9 levels with abundant expression in normals, and diminished expression in adenomas and tumors. CONCLUSIONS Methylated SEPT9 was detected in all tissue samples. In plasma samples, elevated mSEPT9 values were detected in CRC, but not in adenomas. Tissue levels of mSEPT9 alone are not sufficient to predict mSEPT9 levels in plasma. Additional parameters including the amount of cfDNA in plasma appear to also play a role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Tóth
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Leiszter
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márk Juhász
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Miheller
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád V. Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leffler J, Martin M, Gullstrand B, Tydén H, Lood C, Truedsson L, Bengtsson AA, Blom AM. Neutrophil extracellular traps that are not degraded in systemic lupus erythematosus activate complement exacerbating the disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3522-31. [PMID: 22345666 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing inflammation including activation of the complement system is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antimicrobial neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are composed of secreted chromatin that may act as a source of autoantigens typical for SLE. In this study, we investigated how complement interacts with NETs and how NET degradation is affected by complement in SLE patients. We found that sera from a subset of patients with active SLE had a reduced ability to degrade in vitro-generated NETs, which was mostly restored when these patients were in remission. Patients that failed to degrade NETs had a more active disease and they also displayed lower levels of complement proteins C4 and C3 in blood. We discovered that NETs activated complement in vitro and that deposited C1q inhibited NET degradation including a direct inhibition of DNase-I by C1q. Complement deposition on NETs may facilitate autoantibody production, and indeed, Abs against NETs and NET epitopes were more pronounced in patients with impaired ability to degrade NETs. NET-bound autoantibodies inhibited degradation but also further increased C1q deposition, potentially exacerbating the disease. Thus, NETs are a potent complement activator, and this interaction may play an important role in SLE. Targeting complement with inhibitors or by removing complement activators such as NETs could be beneficial for patients with SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine Malmö, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zykova SN, Tveita AA, Rekvig OP. Renal Dnase1 enzyme activity and protein expression is selectively shut down in murine and human membranoproliferative lupus nephritis. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20856893 PMCID: PMC2938370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deposition of chromatin-IgG complexes within glomerular membranes is a key event in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. We recently reported an acquired loss of renal Dnase1 expression linked to transformation from mild to severe membranoproliferative lupus nephritis in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. As this may represent a basic mechanism in the progression of lupus nephritis, several aspects of Dnase1 expression in lupus nephritis were analyzed. Methodology/Principal Findings Total nuclease activity and Dnase1 expression and activity was evaluated using in situ and in vitro analyses of kidneys and sera from (NZBxNZW)F1 mice of different ages, and from age-matched healthy controls. Immunofluorescence staining for Dnase1 was performed on kidney biopsies from (NZBxNZW)F1 mice as well as from human SLE patients and controls. Reduced serum Dnase1 activity was observed in both mesangial and end-stage lupus nephritis. A selective reduction in renal Dnase1 activity was seen in mice with massive deposition of chromatin-containing immune complexes in glomerular capillary walls. Mice with mild mesangial nephritis showed normal renal Dnase1 activity. Similar differences were seen when comparing human kidneys with severe and mild lupus nephritis. Dnase1 was diffusely expressed within the kidney in normal and mildly affected kidneys, whereas upon progression towards end-stage renal disease, Dnase1 was down-regulated in all renal compartments. This demonstrates that the changes associated with development of severe nephritis in the murine model are also relevant to human lupus nephritis. Conclusions/Significance Reduction in renal Dnase1 expression and activity is limited to mice and SLE patients with signs of membranoproliferative nephritis, and may be a critical event in the development of severe forms of lupus nephritis. Reduced Dnase1 activity reflects loss in the expression of the protein and not inhibition of enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Zykova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anders A. Tveita
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ole Petter Rekvig
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have recently been discovered as a central part of antimicrobial innate immunity. In the meanwhile, evidence accumulated that NETs are also generated upon non-infectious stimuli in various clinical settings. In acute or chronic inflammatory disorders aberrantly enhanced NET formation and/or decreased NET degradation seems to correlate with disease outcome. This review summarizes current knowledge about the relation of NETs in a broad spectrum of clinical settings. Specifically, we focus on the importance of NETs as a predictive marker in severely ill patients and further, we speculate about the potential pathophysiology of NETs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tinazzi E, Puccetti A, Gerli R, Rigo A, Migliorini P, Simeoni S, Beri R, Dolcino M, Martinelli N, Corrocher R, Lunardi C. Serum DNase I, soluble Fas/FasL levels and cell surface Fas expression in patients with SLE: a possible explanation for the lack of efficacy of hrDNase I treatment. Int Immunol 2009; 21:237-43. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
14
|
Eulitz D, Mannherz HG. Inhibition of deoxyribonuclease I by actin is to protect cells from premature cell death. Apoptosis 2007; 12:1511-21. [PMID: 17468836 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0078-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deoxyribonuclease I (Dnase1) is the major extracellular endonuclease. It is secreted by digestive glands into the alimentary tract and into the plasma, lacrimal fluid and urine by hepatocytes, lacrimal glands and renal proximal tubular cells, respectively. In many species the activity of Dnase1 is inhibited by monomeric actin. However, the biological significance of this high affinity interaction is unknown. We generated a Dnase1 mutant with extremely reduced actin binding capacity. EGFP-constructs of wild-type and mutant Dnase1 were transfected into MCF-7 breast cancer cells and apoptosis or necrosis was induced by staurosporine or oxidative stress. During apoptosis faster chromatin fragmentation occurred in cells transfected with mutant Dnase1. When wt (wild-type)- or mutated Dnase1 were added to cells after induction of necrosis, faster chromatin degradation occurred in the presence of mutant Dnase1. Inclusion of actin under these conditions inhibited chromatin degradation by wt- but not by mutated Dnase1. Thus, inhibition of Dnase1 by actin may serve as a self-protection mechanism against premature DNA degradation during cell damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Eulitz
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|