1
|
Zhang G, Huang C, Wang R, Guo J, Qin Y, Lv S. Chondroprotective effects of Apolipoprotein D in knee osteoarthritis mice through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112005. [PMID: 38626543 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) has not been fully elucidated, targeted treatments are lacking. In this study, we assessed the role and underlying mechanism apolipoprotein D (APOD) on the development of OA. METHODS To establish an in vitro OA model, we extracted primary chondrocytes from the cartilage of C57BL/6 mice and stimulated the chondrocytes with IL-1β. After APOD intervention or incubation with an overexpressing plasmid, we detected inflammatory-related markers using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. To detect apoptosis and autophagy-related markers, we used flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Finally, we measured the level of oxidative stress. We also used RNA-seq to identify the APOD-regulated downstream signaling pathways. We used an in vivo mice OA model of the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and administered intra-articular adenovirus overexpressing APOD. To examine cartilage damage severity, we used immunohistochemical analysis (IHC), micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Safranin O-fast green staining. RESULTS Our results showed that APOD inhibited chondrocyte inflammation, degeneration, and apoptosis induced by IL-1β. Additionally, APOD reversed autophagy inhibition and oxidative stress and also blocked activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway induced by IL-1β. Finally, overexpression of the APOD gene through adenovirus was sufficient to mitigate OA progression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed that APOD had a chondroprotective role in OA progression by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China; Future Medical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ren Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jiangrong Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Songcen Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang F, Clair AJ, Dankert JF, Lee YJ, Campbell KA, Kirsch T. Cytokine Receptor-like Factor 1 (CRLF1) and Its Role in Osteochondral Repair. Cells 2024; 13:757. [PMID: 38727293 PMCID: PMC11083199 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) has been implicated in tissue regeneration, we hypothesized that CRLF1 released by mesenchymal stem cells can promote the repair of osteochondral defects. METHODS The degree of a femoral osteochondral defect repair in rabbits after intra-articular injections of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) that were transduced with empty adeno-associated virus (AAV) or AAV containing CRLF1 was determined by morphological, histological, and micro computer tomography (CT) analyses. The effects of CRLF1 on chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs or catabolic events of interleukin-1beta-treated chondrocyte cell line TC28a2 were determined by alcian blue staining, gene expression levels of cartilage and catabolic marker genes using real-time PCR analysis, and immunoblot analysis of Smad2/3 and STAT3 signaling. RESULTS Intra-articular injections of BMSCs overexpressing CRLF1 markedly improved repair of a rabbit femoral osteochondral defect. Overexpression of CRLF1 in BMSCs resulted in the release of a homodimeric CRLF1 complex that stimulated chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs via enhancing Smad2/3 signaling, whereas the suppression of CRLF1 expression inhibited chondrogenic differentiation. In addition, CRLF1 inhibited catabolic events in TC28a2 cells cultured in an inflammatory environment, while a heterodimeric complex of CRLF1 and cardiotrophin-like Cytokine (CLC) stimulated catabolic events via STAT3 activation. CONCLUSION A homodimeric CRLF1 complex released by BMSCs enhanced the repair of osteochondral defects via the inhibition of catabolic events in chondrocytes and the stimulation of chondrogenic differentiation of precursor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Zhang
- Department of Urology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | | | - John F. Dankert
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (J.F.D.); (Y.J.L.); (K.A.C.)
| | - You Jin Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (J.F.D.); (Y.J.L.); (K.A.C.)
| | - Kirk A. Campbell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (J.F.D.); (Y.J.L.); (K.A.C.)
| | - Thorsten Kirsch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA; (J.F.D.); (Y.J.L.); (K.A.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY 10010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xiang M, Liu L, Wu T, Wei B, Liu H. RNA-binding proteins in degenerative joint diseases: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101870. [PMID: 36746279 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which are conserved proteins comprising multiple intermediate sequences, can interact with proteins, messenger RNA (mRNA) of coding genes, and non-coding RNAs to perform different biological functions, such as the regulation of mRNA stability, selective polyadenylation, and the management of non-coding microRNA (miRNA) synthesis to affect downstream targets. This article will highlight the functions of RBPs, in degenerative joint diseases (intervertebral disc degeneration [IVDD] and osteoarthritis [OA]). It will reviews the latest advancements on the regulatory mechanism of RBPs in degenerative joint diseases, in order to understand the pathophysiology, early diagnosis and treatment of OA and IVDD from a new perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524001, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li B, Zhan H, Luo J, Wang X, Cao T, Wei B. A novel serological biomarker are associated with disease severity in patients with osteoarthritis. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:1007-1013. [PMID: 36036835 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) is a 25-30 kDa glycoprotein, as a distinct component of the human plasma lipoprotein system. Its known biological functions are mainly related to lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of ApoD concentration in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS This study was performed in a population of 113 KOA subjects and 97 healthy controls. Serum ApoD was detected using the commercial ELISA kit (Cusabio, Wu Han, China, Cat No. CSB-EL001935HU). Radiographic progression was evaluated using Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) classification. The clinical severity of KOA was assessed by visual analog score (VAS), Hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score disease duration and TNF-α. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to test the potential diagnostic value of ApoD in radiographic progression. RESULTS The serum ApoD level of patients with KOA was significantly lower than that of healthy controls. The serum ApoD level was negatively correlated with KL grades, VAS score, disease duration, TNF-α concentrations. On the contrary, it was positively correlated with HSS score. However, there was no correlation between this serological indicator and which side was affected. ROC curve analysis indicated that attenuated serum ApoD could serve as an appropriate biomarker concerning the diagnosis of KOA. CONCLUSIONS Serum ApoD concentration was correlated with the presence and severity of KOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Huixian Zhan
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Jintao Luo
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China
| | - Biaofang Wei
- Department of Femoral Head, Linyi People's Hospital, The Intersection of Wuhan Road and Wohushan Road, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Identifying Novel Osteoarthritis-Associated Genes in Human Cartilage Using a Systematic Meta-Analysis and a Multi-Source Integrated Network. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084395. [PMID: 35457215 PMCID: PMC9030814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, the most common joint disorder, is characterised by deterioration of the articular cartilage. Many studies have identified potential therapeutic targets, yet no effective treatment has been determined. The aim of this study was to identify and rank osteoarthritis-associated genes and micro-RNAs to prioritise those most integral to the disease. A systematic meta-analysis of differentially expressed mRNA and micro-RNAs in human osteoarthritic cartilage was conducted. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified cellular senescence as an enriched pathway, confirmed by a significant overlap (p < 0.01) with cellular senescence drivers (CellAge Database). A co-expression network was built using genes from the meta-analysis as seed nodes and combined with micro-RNA targets and SNP datasets to construct a multi-source information network. This accumulated and connected 1689 genes which were ranked based on node and edge aggregated scores. These bioinformatic analyses were confirmed at the protein level by mass spectrometry of the different zones of human osteoarthritic cartilage (superficial, middle, and deep) compared to normal controls. This analysis, and subsequent experimental confirmation, revealed five novel osteoarthritis-associated proteins (PPIB, ASS1, LHDB, TPI1, and ARPC4-TTLL3). Focusing future studies on these novel targets may lead to new therapies for osteoarthritis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yari D, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Movaffagh J, Shahroodi A, Shirzad M, Qujeq D, Moradi A. Biochemical Aspects of Scaffolds for Cartilage Tissue Engineering; from Basic Science to Regenerative Medicine. THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY 2022; 10:229-244. [PMID: 35514762 PMCID: PMC9034797 DOI: 10.22038/abjs.2022.55549.2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chondral defects are frequent and important causes of pain and disability. Cartilage has limited self-repair and regeneration capacity. The ideal approach for articular cartilage defects is the regeneration of hyaline cartilage with sustainable symptom-free constructs. Tissue engineering provides new strategies for the regeneration of functional cartilage tissue through optimized scaffolds with architectural, mechanical, and biochemical properties similar to the native cartilage tissue. In this review, the basic science of cartilage structure, interactions between proteins, stem cells, as well as biomaterials, scaffold characteristics and fabrication methods, as well as current and potential therapies in regenerative medicine will be discussed mostly from a biochemical point of view. Furthermore, the recent trends in scaffold-based therapies and supplementary factors in cartilage tissue engineering will be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Yari
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Jebrail Movaffagh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh Shahroodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alahdal M, Huang R, Duan L, Zhiqin D, Hongwei O, Li W, Wang D. Indoleamine 2, 3 Dioxygenase 1 Impairs Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Joint of Osteoarthritis Mice Model. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781185. [PMID: 34956209 PMCID: PMC8693178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious joint inflammation that leads to cartilage degeneration and joint dysfunction. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as a cell-based therapy that showed promising results in promoting cartilage repair. However, recent studies and clinical trials explored unsatisfied outcomes because of slow chondrogenic differentiation and increased calcification without clear reasons. Here, we report that the overexpression of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in the synovial fluid of OA patients impairs chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in the joint of the OA mice model. The effect of MSCs mixed with IDO1 inhibitor on the cartilage regeneration was tested compared to MSCs mixed with IDO1 in the OA animal model. Further, the mechanism exploring the effect of IDO1 on chondrogenic differentiation was investigated. Subsequently, miRNA transcriptome sequencing was performed for MSCs cocultured with IDO1, and then TargetScan was used to verify the target of miR-122-5p in the SF-MSCs. Interestingly, we found that MSCs mixed with IDO1 inhibitor showed a significant performance to promote cartilage regeneration in the OA animal model, while MSCs mixed with IDO1 failed to stimulate cartilage regeneration. Importantly, the overexpression of IDO1 showed significant inhibition to Sox9 and Collagen type II (COL2A1) through activating the expression of β-catenin, since inhibiting of IDO1 significantly promoted chondrogenic signaling of MSCs (Sox9, COL2A1, Aggrecan). Further, miRNA transcriptome sequencing of SF-MSCs that treated with IDO1 showed significant downregulation of miR-122-5p which perfectly targets Wnt1. The expression of Wnt1 was noticed high when IDO1 was overexpressed. In summary, our results suggest that IDO1 overexpression in the synovial fluid of OA patients impairs chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs and cartilage regeneration through downregulation of miR-122-5p that activates the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/enzymology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/physiology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Chondrogenesis/drug effects
- Chondrogenesis/physiology
- Female
- Humans
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/pharmacology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Mice
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/enzymology
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Regeneration/drug effects
- Regeneration/physiology
- Synovial Fluid/enzymology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alahdal
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongxiang Huang
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Duan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China
| | - Deng Zhiqin
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Ouyang Hongwei
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wencui Li
- Hand and Foot Surgery Department, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, China
| | - Daping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Qin Y, Li J, Zhou Y, Yin C, Li Y, Chen M, Du Y, Li T, Yan J. Apolipoprotein D as a Potential Biomarker and Construction of a Transcriptional Regulatory-Immune Network Associated with Osteoarthritis by Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. Cartilage 2021; 13:1702S-1717S. [PMID: 34719950 PMCID: PMC8808834 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211053824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial inflammation influences the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we aimed to identify potential biomarkers and analyze transcriptional regulatory-immune mechanism of synovitis in OA using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). DESIGN A data set of OA synovium samples (GSE55235) was analyzed based on WGCNA. The most significant module with OA was identified and function annotation of the module was performed, following which the hub genes of the module were identified using Pearson correlation and a protein-protein interaction network was constructed. A transcriptional regulatory network of hub genes was constructed using the TRRUST database. The immune cell infiltration of OA samples was evaluated using the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) method. The hub genes coexpressed in multiple tissues were then screened out using data sets of synovium, cartilage, chondrocyte, subchondral bone, and synovial fluid samples. Finally, transcriptional factors and coexpressed hub genes were validated via experiments. RESULTS The turquoise module of GSE55235 was identified via WGCNA. Functional annotation analysis showed that "mineral absorption" and "FoxO signaling pathway" were mostly enriched in the module. JUN, EGR1, FOSB, and KLF4 acted as central nodes in protein-protein interaction network and transcription factors to connect several target genes. "Activated B cell," "activated CD4T cell," "eosinophil," "neutrophil," and "type 17 T helper cell" showed high immune infiltration, while FOSB, KLF6, and MYBL2 showed significant negative correlation with type 17 T helper cell. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the expression level of apolipoprotein D (APOD) was correlated with OA. Furthermore, transcriptional regulatory-immune network was constructed, which may contribute to OA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yonggang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
Fourth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chengliang Yin
- Medical Big Data Research Center,
Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
China,National Engineering Laboratory for
Medical Big Data Application Technology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing,
China,Faculty of Medicine, Macau University
of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinqiao Du
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejian Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The
Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China,Jinglong Yan, Department of Orthopedics
Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.246
Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sanchez D, Ganfornina MD. The Lipocalin Apolipoprotein D Functional Portrait: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738991. [PMID: 34690812 PMCID: PMC8530192 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D is a chordate gene early originated in the Lipocalin protein family. Among other features, regulation of its expression in a wide variety of disease conditions in humans, as apparently unrelated as neurodegeneration or breast cancer, have called for attention on this gene. Also, its presence in different tissues, from blood to brain, and different subcellular locations, from HDL lipoparticles to the interior of lysosomes or the surface of extracellular vesicles, poses an interesting challenge in deciphering its physiological function: Is ApoD a moonlighting protein, serving different roles in different cellular compartments, tissues, or organisms? Or does it have a unique biochemical mechanism of action that accounts for such apparently diverse roles in different physiological situations? To answer these questions, we have performed a systematic review of all primary publications where ApoD properties have been investigated in chordates. We conclude that ApoD ligand binding in the Lipocalin pocket, combined with an antioxidant activity performed at the rim of the pocket are properties sufficient to explain ApoD association with different lipid-based structures, where its physiological function is better described as lipid-management than by long-range lipid-transport. Controlling the redox state of these lipid structures in particular subcellular locations or extracellular structures, ApoD is able to modulate an enormous array of apparently diverse processes in the organism, both in health and disease. The new picture emerging from these data should help to put the physiological role of ApoD in new contexts and to inspire well-focused future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sanchez
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Maria D Ganfornina
- Instituto de Biologia y Genetica Molecular, Unidad de Excelencia, Universidad de Valladolid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Valladolid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu H, Ding C, Guo C, Xiang S, Wang Y, Luo B, Xiang H. Suppression of CRLF1 promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem and protects cartilage tissue from damage in osteoarthritis via activation of miR-320. Mol Med 2021; 27:116. [PMID: 34551709 PMCID: PMC8456664 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease, and is hard to be cured at present. Cytokine receptor-like factor 1 (CRLF1) has been identified as an upregulated gene in OA cartilage. However, the precise identities and functions of CRLF1 in OA progression have remained to be fully elucidated. METHODS We used a murine model of injury-induced OA (destabilization of medial meniscus, DMM) and BMSCs to investigate the specific biological functions and mechanisms of CRLF1. RESULTS We found that CRLF1 was significantly increased in the DMM surgery-induced OA model and was down-regulated during chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Luciferase reporter assays showed that CRLF1 was a direct target of miR-320 in BMSCs. miR-320 can reverse the effect of CRLF1 on cell proliferation, apoptosis and chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, knockdown of CRLF1 or over-expression of miR-320 can inhibit the apoptosis of primary chondrocytes. CONCLUSION Suppression of CRLF1 promotes the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and protects cartilage tissue from damage in osteoarthritis via activation of miR-320.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Changrong Ding
- Department of ECG Diagnosis, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Cuicui Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shuai Xiang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Hongfei Xiang
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Conditioned medium of IGF1-induced synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells increases chondrogenic and chondroprotective markers in chondrocyte inflammation. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229062. [PMID: 34143208 PMCID: PMC8255536 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been the most explored cells for cell therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) that can be obtained from various sources. Synovial membrane MSCs (SMMSCs) provide best potential for OA therapy, however they are not widely explored. Conditioned medium of SMMSCs (SMMSCs-CM) rich in growth factors and cytokines can inhibit apoptosis and increase chondrocytes cell proliferation. The aim of the present study was to determine growth factors content in SMMSCs-CM as well as the chondrogenic and chondroprotective markers expression in OA model after insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1-induced and non-induced SMMSCs-CM treatments. Chondrocyte cell line (CHON002) was induced by IL1β as OA model (CHON002 with IL1β (IL1β-CHON002)) and treated with SMMSCs-CM with or without IGF1 induction to determine its effectiveness in repairing OA cells model. ELISA was used to assay BMP2, fibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 (TGFβ1) levels in SMMSCs-CM, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 (MMP13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif 4 (ADAMTS4) levels in OA cells model treated with SMMSCs-CM. RT-qPCR analyses were used to investigate the gene expression of SOX9, COL2, and COL10. CM from SMMSCs cultured and induced by IGF1 150 ng/mL was the most effective concentration for increasing the content of growth factor markers of SMMSCs-CM, which had successfully increased negative cartilage hypertrophy markers (SOX9 and COL2) and reduced hypertrophy markers (COL10, MMP13, and ADAMTS4). Preconditioning with IGF1 has better and very significant results in lowering MMP13 and ADAMTS4 levels. The present study supports IGF1 pre-conditioned SMMSCs-CM to develop a new therapeutic approach in OA improvement through its chondrogenic and chondroprotective roles.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang P, Gao G, Zhou Z, He X. microRNA-130b downregulation potentiates chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by targeting SOX9. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10345. [PMID: 33624729 PMCID: PMC7894390 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x202010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic health condition. MicroRNAs (miRs) are critical in chondrocyte apoptosis in OA. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of miR-130b in OA progression. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes were first extracted. Chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs was carried out and verified. Chondrocytes were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β to imitate OA condition in vitro. The effect of miR-130b on the viability, inflammation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix of OA chondrocytes was studied. The target gene of miR-130b was predicted and verified. Rescue experiments were performed to further study the underlying downstream mechanism of miR-130b in OA. miR-130b first increased and drastically reduced during chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and in OA chondrocytes, respectively, while IL-1β stimulation resulted in increased miR-130b expression in chondrocytes. miR-130b inhibitor promoted chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and chondrocyte growth and inhibited the levels of inflammatory factors. miR-130b targeted SOX9. Overexpression of SOX9 facilitated BMSC chondrogenic differentiation and chondrocyte growth, while siRNA-SOX9 contributed to the opposite trends. Silencing of SOX9 significantly attenuated the pro-chondrogenic effects of miR-130b inhibitor on BMSCs. Overall, miR-130b inhibitor induced chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and chondrocyte growth by targeting SOX9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penggui Zhang
- The First Department of Orthopedics, Yulin First Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangming Gao
- The First Department of Orthopedics, Yulin First Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- The First Department of Orthopedics, Yulin First Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuejun He
- The Second Department of Orthopedics, the First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pemmari A, Leppänen T, Hämäläinen M, Moilanen T, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E. Widespread regulation of gene expression by glucocorticoids in chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis as determined by RNA-Seq. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:271. [PMID: 33203447 PMCID: PMC7670667 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-articular glucocorticoid (GC) injections are widely used as a symptomatic treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). However, there are also concerns about their potentially harmful effects, and their detailed effects on chondrocyte phenotype remain poorly understood. Methods We studied the effects of dexamethasone on gene expression in OA chondrocytes with RNA-Seq. Chondrocytes were isolated from the cartilage from OA patients undergoing knee replacement surgery and cultured with or without dexamethasone for 24 h. Total RNA was isolated and sequenced, and functional analysis was performed against the Gene Ontology (GO) database. Results for selected genes were confirmed with RT-PCR. We also investigated genes linked to OA in recent genome-wide expression analysis (GWEA) studies. Results Dexamethasone increased the expression of 480 and reduced that of 755 genes with a fold change (FC) 2.0 or greater. Several genes associated with inflammation and cartilage anabolism/catabolism as well as lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were among the most strongly affected genes. In the GO analysis, genes involved in the extracellular matrix organization, cell proliferation and adhesion, inflammation, and collagen synthesis were enriched among the significantly affected genes. In network analysis, NGF, PI3KR1, and VCAM1 were identified as central genes among those most strongly affected by dexamethasone. Conclusions This is the first study investigating the genome-wide effects of GCs on the gene expression in OA chondrocytes. In addition to clear anti-inflammatory and anticatabolic effects, GCs affect lipid and glucose metabolism in chondrocytes, an observation that might be particularly important in the metabolic phenotype of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antti Pemmari
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina Leppänen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Hämäläinen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Coxa Hospital for Joint Replacement, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katriina Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eeva Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neefjes M, van Caam APM, van der Kraan PM. Transcription Factors in Cartilage Homeostasis and Osteoarthritis. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9090290. [PMID: 32937960 PMCID: PMC7563835 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease, and it is characterized by articular cartilage loss. In part, OA is caused by aberrant anabolic and catabolic activities of the chondrocyte, the only cell type present in cartilage. These chondrocyte activities depend on the intra- and extracellular signals that the cell receives and integrates into gene expression. The key proteins for this integration are transcription factors. A large number of transcription factors exist, and a better understanding of the transcription factors activated by the various signaling pathways active during OA can help us to better understand the complex etiology of OA. In addition, establishing such a profile can help to stratify patients in different subtypes, which can be a very useful approach towards personalized therapy. In this review, we discuss crucial transcription factors for extracellular matrix metabolism, chondrocyte hypertrophy, chondrocyte senescence, and autophagy in chondrocytes. In addition, we discuss how insight into these factors can be used for treatment purposes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li C, Zheng Z. Identification of Novel Targets of Knee Osteoarthritis Shared by Cartilage and Synovial Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176033. [PMID: 32842604 PMCID: PMC7504179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is the leading cause of disability among adults, while osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis that results in cartilage loss. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the protective hyaline cartilage should not be the sole focus of OA treatment. Particularly, synovium also plays essential roles in OA’s initiation and progression and warrants serious consideration when battling against OA. Thus, biomarkers with similar OA-responsive expressions in cartilage and synovium should be the potential targets for OA treatment. On the other hand, molecules with a distinguished response during OA in cartilage and synovium should be ruled out as OA therapeutic(s) to avoid controversial effects in different tissues. Here, to pave the path for developing a new generation of OA therapeutics, two published transcriptome datasets of knee articular cartilage and synovium were analyzed in-depth. Genes with statistically significantly different expression in OA and healthy cartilage were compared with those in the synovium. Thirty-five genes with similar OA-responsive expression in both tissues were identified while recognizing three genes with opposite OA-responsive alteration trends in cartilage and synovium. These genes were clustered based on the currently available knowledge, and the potential impacts of these clusters in OA were explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Section of Orthodontics, Dental and Craniofacial Research Institute and Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(310)-206-5646
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Asadi S, Farzanegi P, Azarbayjani MA. Combined therapies with exercise, ozone and mesenchymal stem cells improve the expression of HIF1 and SOX9 in the cartilage tissue of rats with knee osteoarthritis. Physiol Int 2020; 107:231-242. [PMID: 32750029 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common type of degenerative joint disease which decreases the quality of life. Sex-determining region Y box 9 (SOX9) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) are considered as the key regulators of OA. We investigated the effect of combined therapies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), ozone (O3) and exercise training on SOX9 and HIF1 expression in the cartilage of rats with knee OA. Methods Knee OA was induced by surgical method. OA rats were divided into model, MSCs, ozone, exercise, MSCs + ozone, MSCs + exercise, ozone + exercise and MSCs + ozone + exercise groups. Rats in the MSCs group received intraarticular injection of 1 × 106 cells/kg. Rats in the ozone group received O3 at the concentration of 20 μg/mL, once weekly for 3 weeks. Rats in the exercise group were trained on rodent treadmill three times per week. 48 hours after the programs, cartilage tissues were isolated and the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 was determined using Real-Time PCR. Results Significant differences were found in the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 between groups (P < 0.0001). Although combined therapies with exercise, MSCs and O3 significantly increased the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 in the cartilage tissue of rats with knee OA, combination of exercise with O3 was significantly more effective compared to the other combined therapies (P < 0.001). Conclusions Combined therapy with exercise, MSCs and O3 significantly increased the expression of SOX9 and HIF1 genes in the cartilage of rats with knee OA; however, exercise + O3 was significantly more effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Asadi
- 1Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Parvin Farzanegi
- 1Department of Exercise Physiology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu Z, Ke T, Zhang Y, Fu C, He W. Agonism of GPR120 prevented IL-1β-induced reduction of extracellular matrix through SOX-9. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:12074-12085. [PMID: 32580167 PMCID: PMC7343462 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a whole-joint disease with extremely high prevalence. In all treatment approaches of OA, blocking the degradation of the cartilage extracellular matrix is an important treatment. In OA, overexpression of derivative enzymes leads to excessive catabolism and reduced synthesis of cartilage including type II collagen and aggrecan, which results in irreversible destruction of the joint. SOX9 is a transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of type II collagen and aggrecan and is significantly downregulated in OA. GPR120 has been reported to affect the pathophysiology of OA. In this study, we used the GPR120 agonist GW9508 and TUG891 in ATDC5 chondrocytes exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β to investigate the involvement of GPR120 in SOX9-mediated expression of type II collagen and aggrecan. Our findings show that agonism of GPR120 can reduce inflammation by inhibiting the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 induced by IL-1β. We also show that GW9508 and TUG891 rescue the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan by preventing the reduction of SOX9 expression. Additionally, we demonstrate that the effects of GW9508 on SOX9 expression are mediated through CREB and that GPR120 is indeed required for this effect. Thus, agonism of GPR120 by GW9508 might be a potential therapeutic strategy to halt or prevent cartilage degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Xu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Tie Ke
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Yongfa Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Chaofeng Fu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Wubing He
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, Fujian, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chai B, Zheng ZH, Liao X, Li KY, Liang JS, Huang YX, Tong CJ, Ou DJ, Lu J. The protective role of omentin-1 in IL-1β-induced chondrocyte senescence. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:8-14. [PMID: 31852248 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1699803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common type of degenerative joint disease. Inflammation-related chondrocyte senescence plays a major role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Omentin-1 is a newly identified anti-inflammatory adipokine involved in lipid metabolism. In this study, we examined the biological function of omentin-1 in cultured chondrocytes. The presence of omentin-1 potently suppresses IL-1β-induced cellular senescence as revealed by staining with senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal). At the cellular level, omentin-1 attenuates IL-1β-induced G1 phase cell-cycle arrest. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that omentin-1 reduced IL-1β-induced expression of senescent factors including caveolin-1, p21, and PAI-1 as well as p53 acetylation through ameliorating SIRT1 reduction. Notably, silencing of SIRT1 abolishes IL-1β-induced senescence along with the induction of p21 and PAI-1, suggesting that the action of omentin-1 in chondrocytes is dependent on SIRT1. Collectively, our results revealed the molecular mechanism through which the adipokine omentin-1 exerts a beneficial effect, thereby protecting chondrocytes from senescence. Thus, omentin-1 could have clinical implication in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Kang-Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Shan Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xiang Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Jun Tong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Di-Jun Ou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China.,College of Health Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cheung K, Barter MJ, Falk J, Proctor CJ, Reynard LN, Young DA. Histone ChIP-Seq identifies differential enhancer usage during chondrogenesis as critical for defining cell-type specificity. FASEB J 2020; 34:5317-5331. [PMID: 32058623 PMCID: PMC7187454 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902061rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are known to regulate gene expression during chondrogenesis. In this study, we have characterized the epigenome during the in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into chondrocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next‐generation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) was used to assess a range of N‐terminal posttranscriptional modifications (marks) to histone H3 lysines (H3K4me3, H3K4me1, H3K27ac, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3) in both hMSCs and differentiated chondrocytes. Chromatin states were characterized using histone ChIP‐seq and cis‐regulatory elements were identified in chondrocytes. Chondrocyte enhancers were associated with chondrogenesis‐related gene ontology (GO) terms. In silico analysis and integration of DNA methylation data with chondrogenesis chromatin states revealed that enhancers marked by histone marks H3K4me1 and H3K27ac were de‐methylated during in vitro chondrogenesis. Similarity analysis between hMSC and chondrocyte chromatin states defined in this study with epigenomes of cell‐types defined by the Roadmap Epigenomics project revealed that enhancers are more distinct between cell‐types compared to other chromatin states. Motif analysis revealed that the transcription factor SOX9 is enriched in chondrocyte enhancers. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that chondrocyte enhancers characterized in this study exhibited enhancer activity which may be modulated by DNA methylation and SOX9 overexpression. Altogether, these integrated data illustrate the cross‐talk between different epigenetic mechanisms during chondrocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Cheung
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Bioinformatics Support Unit, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew J Barter
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julia Falk
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carole J Proctor
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise N Reynard
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David A Young
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Proteome Alterations in Equine Osteochondrotic Chondrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246179. [PMID: 31817880 PMCID: PMC6940994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteochondrosis is a failure of the endochondral ossification that affects developing joints in humans and several animal species. It is a localized idiopathic joint disorder characterized by focal chondronecrosis and growing cartilage retention, which can lead to the formation of fissures, subchondral bone cysts, or intra-articular fragments. Osteochondrosis is a complex multifactorial disease associated with extracellular matrix alterations and failure in chondrocyte differentiation, mainly due to genetic, biochemical, and nutritional factors, as well as traumas. This study describes the main proteomic alterations occurring in chondrocytes isolated from osteochondrotic cartilage fragments. A comparative analysis performed on equine osteochondrotic and healthy chondrocytes showed 26 protein species as differentially represented. In particular, quantitative changes in the extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal and chaperone proteins, and in cell adhesion and signaling molecules were observed in osteochondrotic cells, compared to healthy controls. Functional group analysis annotated most of these proteins in “growth plate and cartilage development”, while others were included in “glycolysis and gluconeogenesis”, “positive regulation of protein import”, “cell–cell adhesion mediator activity”, and “mitochondrion nucleoid”. These results may help to clarify some chondrocyte functional alterations that may play a significant role in determining the onset and progression of equine osteochondrosis and, being related, of human juvenile osteochondrosis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Baek A, Kim Y, Lee JW, Lee SC, Cho SR. Effect of Polydeoxyribonucleotide on Angiogenesis and Wound Healing in an In Vitro Model of Osteoarthritis. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1623-1633. [PMID: 30311500 PMCID: PMC6299200 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718804130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is degenerative disease, leading to pain and functional disability. It is reported that polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is a suitable therapy for OA. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of PDRN in OA are not fully understood. To investigate the effect of PDRN in an in vitro model of OA, interleukin (IL)-1β or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used to treat a human chondrocytic cell line in hypoxic conditions for 24 h (IL-1β group or control group). PDRN was then used to treat IL-1β group cells for 24 h (PDRN group). By Label-Based Human Antibody Array 1000, angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), angiostatin, and endostatin, which were related to angiogenesis, were chosen for further validation studies. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis validated that the levels of PDGF and ANG-2, which were related to pro-angiogenesis, were significantly increased in the PDRN group compared with those in the control group or the IL-1β group. However, the levels of endostatin and angiostatin, which were related in anti-angiogenesis, were significantly decreased in the PDRN group compared with those in the control group or the IL-1β group. In the same manner, vascular endothelial growth factor, which was a mediator of angiogenesis, was significantly increased in the PDRN group compared with those in the control group or the IL-1β group. Furthermore, wound closure was significantly increased in the PDRN group compared with the control group or the IL-1β group by in vitro scratch assay. Moreover, PDRN decreased expression of metalloproteinase 13, as a catabolic factor for OA, but increased expression of aggrecan, which was an anabolic factor for OA. These data suggest that PDRN may promote angiogenesis and wound healing via down-regulation of catabolism and up-regulation of anabolism in an in vitro model of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahreum Baek
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kim
- Department of Medicine, The Graduate School of Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Sang Chul Lee, Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| | - Sung-Rae Cho
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Yonsei Stem Cell Center, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Rehabilitation Institute of Neuromuscular Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Sung-Rae Cho, Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Luo H, Wang C, Liu M, Yin B, A P, Huang D, Ye L. Inhibition of SOX9 Promotes Inflammatory and Immune Responses of Dental Pulp. J Endod 2018; 44:792-799. [PMID: 29571909 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The process of pulpitis is characterized by extracellular matrix imbalance and inflammatory cell infiltration. As an essential transcription factor, sex-determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9) is significantly inhibited by tumor necrosis factor alpha in inflammatory joint diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the role of SOX9 in extracellular matrix balance, cytokine expression, and the immune response in dental pulp. METHODS The expression of SOX9 in normal and inflamed pulp tissue/human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) was detected by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). SOX9 small interfering RNA was used to knock down SOX9 expression of dental cells in vitro; extracellular matrix imbalance was analyzed by qPCR, Western blot, and gelatin/collagen zymography, and the secretion of cytokines was scanned by antibody arrays. The immune response of THP-1 was investigated by cell migration assay, cell attachment assay, phagocytosis assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The interaction of SOX9 with target genes was explored by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). RESULTS SOX9 was strongly expressed in normal dental pulp tissue and HDPCs and reduced in inflamed pulp. SOX9 knockdown could inhibit the production of type I collagen, stimulate the enzymatic activities of MMP2 and MMP13, and regulate the production of interleukin (IL) 8 of HDPCs. SOX9 knockdown also effectively suppressed the differentiation and functional activities of THP-1. ChIP showed that the binding of the SOX9 protein with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-13, and IL-8 gene promoters was reduced after being treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha. CONCLUSIONS SOX9 was inhibited in inflamed dental pulp and may participate in the regulation of extracellular matrix balance, the inflammatory process, and the immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng A
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu C, Wang Y. MicroRNA-19a promotes cell viability and migration of chondrocytes via up-regulating SOX9 through NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:746-753. [PMID: 29306212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA), as a degenerative disease, is a major problem in ageing populations. To better understand the underlying mechanisms in the pathogenesis of OA, this study was undertaken to investigate the role of microRNA (miR)-19a in chondrocytes. METHODS Expression of the members of miR-17-92 cluster in synovium from OA patients and non-OA patients were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). miR-19a was abnormal expressed in human chondrocyte line (CHON-001 and T-C/28 cells) and primary human chondrocytes by transient transfection. Cell viability, migration and apoptosis were determined by CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Expression of apoptosis related factors was measured by western blot. Transcription factor SOX9 expression and activity of NF-κB pathway were also assessed by western blot. RESULTS Levels of miR-19a and other five members of miR-17-92 cluster were down-regulated in OA patients' synovium compare with non-OA. miR-19a overexpression promoted cell viability and migration of chondrocytes, while miR-19a suppression promoted cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell viability and migration. miR-19a direct up-regulated expression of SOX9, and thus affecting cell viability and migration. miR-19a promoted activation of NF-κB signaling pathway to up-regulate SOX9 expression. CONCLUSION miR-19a was down-regulated in synovium form OA patients. miR-19a could promote cell viability and migration of chondrocyte via positively regulating SOX9 expression through NF-κB signaling pathway. This study might provide the novel strategy for clinical treatment of OA caused by chondrocyte function degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuandong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze 274031, Shandong, China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No.126, Xiantai Street, Changchun 130033, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Piltti J, Bygdell J, Fernández-Echevarría C, Marcellino D, Lammi MJ. Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632 and hypoxia synergistically enhance chondrocytic phenotype and modify S100 protein profiles in human chondrosarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623370 PMCID: PMC5473921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03958-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes are slowly dividing cells that tend to lose their cell type-specific phenotype and ability to produce structurally and functionally correct cartilage tissue when cultured. Thus, culture conditions, which enhance the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype would be very useful for cartilage research. Here we show that Rho-kinase inhibition by Y-27632 under hypoxic conditions efficiently maintains and even enhances chondrocyte-specific extracellular matrix production by chondrocytic cells. The effects of long-term Y-27632 exposure to human chondrosarcoma 2/8 cell phenotype maintenance and extracellular matrix production were studied at normoxia and at a 5% low oxygen atmosphere. Y-27632 treatment at normoxia induced ACAN and COL2A1 gene up-regulation and a minor increase of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs), while type II collagen expression was not significantly up-regulated. A further increase in expression of ACAN and COL2A1 was achieved with Y-27632 treatment and hypoxia. The production of sGAGs increased by 65.8%, and ELISA analysis revealed a 6-fold up-regulation of type II collagen. Y-27632 also induced the up-regulation of S100-A1 and S100-B proteins and modified the expression of several other S100 protein family members, such as S100-A4, S100-A6, S100-A13 and S100-A16. The up-regulation of S100-A1 and S100-B proteins is suggested to enhance the chondrocytic phenotype of these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juha Piltti
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Joakim Bygdell
- Computational Life Science Cluster (CLiC), Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 10, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel Marcellino
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Linnaeus väg 9, 90187, Umeå, Sweden. .,School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Diaz-Romero J, Nesic D. S100A1 and S100B: Calcium Sensors at the Cross-Roads of Multiple Chondrogenic Pathways. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1979-1987. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José Diaz-Romero
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Dobrila Nesic
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Coricor G, Serra R. TGF-β regulates phosphorylation and stabilization of Sox9 protein in chondrocytes through p38 and Smad dependent mechanisms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38616. [PMID: 27929080 PMCID: PMC5144132 DOI: 10.1038/srep38616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the TGF-β superfamily are important regulators of chondrocyte function. Sox9, a key transcriptional regulator of chondrogenesis, is required for TGF-β-mediated regulation of specific cartilage genes. TGF-β can signal through a canonical, Smad-mediated pathway or non-conical pathways, including p38. Here we show that both pathways are activated in chondrocytes after treatment with TGF-β and that TGF-β stabilizes Sox9 protein and increases phosphorylation of Sox9. Mutagenesis of potential serine phosphorylation sites on Sox9 was used to demonstrate that serine 211 is required to maintain normal basal levels of Sox9 as well as mediate increased Sox9 levels in response to TGF-β. The serine 211 site is in a motif that is targeted by p38 kinase. We used siRNA and pharmacological agents to show that p38 and Smad3 independently regulate the phosphorylation and stability of Sox9. Previously, we demonstrated that Papss2 is a downstream transcriptional target of Sox9 and TGF-β. Here we show that p38 is required for TGF-β-mediated regulation of Papss2 mRNA. Together the results suggest a new mechanism for TGF-β-mediated gene regulation in chondrocytes via p38 and phosphorylation and stabilization of Sox9. Understanding how TGF-β regulates Sox9 may lead to identification of therapeutic targets for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Coricor
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0005, USA
| | - Rosa Serra
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294-0005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wang L, Li G, Liu N, Wang Z, Xu X, Qi J, Ren D, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Tu Y. Genetic variants of SOX9 contribute to susceptibility of gliomas among Chinese population. Oncotarget 2016; 7:65916-65922. [PMID: 27589569 PMCID: PMC5323202 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas make up about 80% of all malignant brain tumors, and cause serious public health problem. Genetic factors and environmental factors jointly caused the development of gliomas, and understanding of the genetic basis is a key component of preventive oncology. However, most genetic factors underlying carcinogenesis of gliomas remain largely unclear. In current study, we systematically evaluated whether genetic variants of SOX9 gene, a transcription factor that plays a central role in the development and differentiation of tumors, contribute to susceptibility of gliomas among Chinese population using a two-stage, case-control study. Results showed that SOX9 rs1042667 was significant associated with increased gliomas risk after adjusted by age, gender, family history of cancer, smoking status and alcohol status (Allele C vs A: OR=1.25; 95% CI=1.11-1.40; P=1.2×10-4). Compared with the carriers of genotype AA, both those of genotype AC (OR=1.37; 95% CI=1.13-1.66) and CC (OR=1.53; 95% CI=1.22-1.91) had significantly increased gliomas risk. This should be the first genetic association study which aims to evaluated the association between genetic variants of SOX9 and susceptibility of gliomas. Additional functional and association studies with different ethnic groups included are needed to further confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Xiaoshan Xu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Dongni Ren
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Pengxing Zhang
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhang
- Department of Administrative, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| | - Yanyang Tu
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
TCF-1 participates in the occurrence of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14129-14140. [PMID: 27522523 PMCID: PMC5097086 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) protein, a component of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, can regulate the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2) gene and Sry-related HMG box 9 (sox9) gene, which may participate in the differentiation of chondrosarcoma. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a special variant of conventional chondrosarcoma (CCS), associated with poor survival and high metastasis rate. However, little is known about the mechanism of its occurrence; thus, no effective treatment is available except surgery. Earlier, high expression of runx2 and low expression of sox9 were found in DDCS compared with CCS. Using Western blot to detect clinical tissue samples (including 8 CCS samples and 8 DDCS samples) and immunohistochemistry to detect 85 different-grade chondrosarcoma specimens, a high expression of TCF-1 in DDCS tissues was found compared with CCS tissues. This difference in expression was related to patients' prognosis. Results of luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gel electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrated that TCF-1 protein could bind to the promoter of runx2 gene directly and sox9 gene indirectly. Hence, it could regulate expression of runx2 gene positively and sox9 gene negatively. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that TCF-1 protein was closely related to the phenotype and aggressiveness of chondrosarcoma. In conclusion, this study proved that TCF-1 participates in the dedifferentiation of DDCS, which may be mediated by runx2 gene and sox9 gene. Also, TCF-1 can be of important prognostic value and a promising therapeutic target for DDCS patients.
Collapse
|
29
|
Cynaropicrin is dual regulator for both degradation factors and synthesis factors in the cartilage metabolism. Life Sci 2016; 158:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
30
|
McDermott B, Ellis S, Bou-Gharios G, Clegg P, Tew S. RNA binding proteins regulate anabolic and catabolic gene expression in chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:1263-73. [PMID: 26853752 PMCID: PMC4917896 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.01.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regulation of anabolic and catabolic factors is considered essential in maintaining the homoeostasis of healthy articular cartilage. In this study we investigated the influence of RNA binding proteins (RNABPs) in this process. DESIGN Using small interfering RNA (siRNA), RNABP expression was knocked down in SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells and human articular chondrocytes. Gene expression and messenger RNA (mRNA) decay of anabolic (SOX9, Aggrecan) and catabolic (matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)13) factors were analysed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RNA-electromobility shift assays (EMSAs) were used to investigate RNABP interactions with the SOX9 mRNA 3' untranslated region (UTR). Immunohistochemical localisation of MMP13 and the RNABP human antigen R (HuR) was performed in E13.5 and E16.5 mouse embryo sections. RESULTS SOX9 mRNA, mRNA half-life and protein expression were increased with siRNA targeting the RNABP tristetraprolin (TTP) in both HACs and SW1353s. TTP knockdown also stimulated aggrecan mRNA expression but did not affect its stability. RNA-EMSAs demonstrated that adenine uracil (AU)-rich elements in the SOX9 mRNA 3'UTR interacted with chondrocyte proteins with three specific elements interacting with TTP. HuR knockdown significantly increased MMP13 expression and also regulated the expression of a number of known transcriptional repressors of MMP13. HuR was ubiquitously expressed within mouse embryos yet displayed regional down-regulation within developing skeletal structures. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time how RNABPs are able to affect the balance of anabolic and catabolic gene expression in human chondrocytes. The post-transcriptional mechanisms controlled by RNABPs present novel avenues of regulation and potential points of intervention for controlling the expression of SOX9 and MMP13 in chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - S.R. Tew
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to: S.R. Tew, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK. Tel: 44-(0)-151-7956235; Fax: 44-(0)-151-7946034.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao X, Dong Y, Zhang J, Li D, Hu G, Yao J, Li Y, Huang P, Zhang M, Zhang J, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Xu Q, Li H. Leptin changes differentiation fate and induces senescence in chondrogenic progenitor cells. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2188. [PMID: 27077804 PMCID: PMC4855655 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Body weight is a component of the mechanical theory of OA (osteoarthritis) pathogenesis. Obesity was also found to be a risk factor for digital OA involving non-weight-bearing joints, which suggested that metabolism influences the occurrence and progression of OA. The metabolic origin of OA has been partially attributed to the involvement of adipokines, such as leptin, the levels of which are significantly and positively correlated with cartilage degeneration in OA patients. However, the mechanisms by which leptin-induced cartilage degeneration occurs are poorly understood. The discovery of chondrogenic progenitor cells (CPCs) opened up new opportunities for investigation. Investigating the effects of leptin on differentiation and proliferation in CPCs would increase our understanding of the roles played by leptin in the aetiology and development of OA. Here, CPCs were harvested using single-cell sorting from rat cartilage tissues to obtain mesenchymal stem-like cells, which possess clonogenicity, proliferation and stemness. High doses of leptin decreased the ability of the CPCs to migrate, inhibited their chondrogenic potential and increased their osteogenic potential, suggesting that leptin changes differentiation fates in CPCs. High doses of leptin induced cell cycle arrest and senescence in CPCs by activating the p53/p21 pathway and inhibiting the Sirt1 pathway. Inhibiting the Sirt1 pathway accelerated cartilage senescence in knockout (KO) mice. Activating the leptin pathway induced higher Ob-Rb expression and was significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration (lower levels of Coll-2) and tissue senescence (higher levels of p53/p21 and lower levels of Sirt1) in OA patients, suggesting that leptin-induced CPCs senescence contributes to the development of OA. Taken together, our results reveal new links between obesity and cartilage damage that are induced by leptin-mediated effects on cell behaviour and senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Dong
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Yao
- Department of Animal Facility, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Li
- Ren Ji-Med X Stem Cell Research Centre, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - P Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Transplantation and Hepatic Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Miao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Li
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Charlier E, Malaise O, Zeddou M, Neuville S, Cobraiville G, Deroyer C, Sanchez C, Gillet P, Kurth W, de Seny D, Relic B, Malaise MG. Restriction of spontaneous and prednisolone-induced leptin production to dedifferentiated state in human hip OA chondrocytes: role of Smad1 and β-catenin activation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2016; 24:315-24. [PMID: 26318657 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aetiology of OA is not fully understood although several adipokines such as leptin are known mediators of disease progression. Since leptin levels were increased in synovial fluid compared to serum in OA patients, it was suggested that joint cells themselves could produce leptin. However, exact mechanisms underlying leptin production by chondrocytes are poorly understood. Nevertheless, prednisolone, although displaying powerful anti-inflammatory properties has been recently reported to be potent stimulator of leptin and its receptor in OA synovial fibroblasts. Therefore, we investigated, in vitro, spontaneous and prednisolone-induced leptin production in OA chondrocytes, focusing on transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. DESIGN We used an in vitro dedifferentiation model, comparing human freshly isolated hip OA chondrocytes cultivated in monolayer during 1 day (type II, COL2A1 +; type X, COL10A1 + and type I collagen, COL1A1 -) or 14 days (COL2A1 -; COL10A1 - and COL1A1+). RESULTS Leptin expression was not detected in day1 OA chondrocytes whereas day14 OA chondrocytes produced leptin, significantly increased with prednisolone. Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)/ALK5 ratio was shifted during dedifferentiation, from high ALK5 and phospho (p)-Smad2 expression at day1 to high ALK1, endoglin and p-Smad1/5 expression at day14. Moreover, inactive glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and active β-catenin were only found in dedifferentiated OA chondrocytes. Smad1 and β-catenin but not endoglin stable lentiviral silencing led to a significant decrease in leptin production by dedifferentiated OA chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Only dedifferentiated OA chondrocytes produced leptin. Prednisolone markedly enhanced leptin production, which involved Smad1 and β-catenin activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Charlier
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - O Malaise
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - M Zeddou
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - S Neuville
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - G Cobraiville
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - C Deroyer
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - C Sanchez
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - P Gillet
- Orthopedic Surgery Unit, CHU of Liège, Belgium
| | - W Kurth
- Orthopedic Surgery Unit, CHU of Liège, Belgium
| | - D de Seny
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - B Relic
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - M G Malaise
- Laboratory of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, CHU de Liège, Arthropole Liège, University of Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu T, Lin X, Yu H. Identifying genes related with rheumatoid arthritis via system biology analysis. Gene 2015; 571:97-106. [PMID: 26117171 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory joint disease that mainly attacks synovial joints. However, the underlying systematic relationship among different genes and biological processes involved in the pathogenesis are still unclear. By analyzing and comparing the transcriptional profiles from RA, OA (osteoarthritis) patients as well as ND (normal donors) with bioinformatics methods, we tend to uncover the potential molecular networks and critical genes which play important roles in RA and OA development. Initially, hierarchical clustering was performed to classify the overall transcriptional profiles. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ND and RA and OA patients were identified. Furthermore, PPI networks were constructed, functional modules were extracted, and functional annotation was also applied. Our functional analysis identifies 22 biological processes and 2 KEGG pathways enriched in the commonly-regulated gene set. However, we found that number of set of genes differentially expressed genes only between RA and ND reaches up to 244, indicating this gene set may specifically accounts for processing to disease of RA. Additionally, 142 biological processes and 19 KEGG pathways are over-represented by these 244 genes. Meanwhile, although another 21 genes were differentially expressed only in OA and ND, no biological process nor pathway is over-represented by them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, No. 661 Huanghe Er Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province 256603, China.
| | - Xinmei Lin
- Department of Joint Surgery, affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, No. 661 Huanghe Er Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province 256603, China.
| | - Hongjian Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics in Binzhou People Hospital, No. 515 Huanghe Qi Road, Binzhou City, Shandong Province 256603, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tew SR, McDermott BT, Fentem RB, Peffers MJ, Clegg PD. Transcriptome-wide analysis of messenger RNA decay in normal and osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 66:3052-61. [PMID: 25155964 PMCID: PMC4233952 DOI: 10.1002/art.38849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective Messenger RNA (mRNA) decay rates control not only gene expression levels, but also responsiveness to altered transcriptional input. We undertook this study to examine transcriptome-wide posttranscriptional regulation in both normal and osteoarthritic (OA) human articular chondrocytes. Methods Human articular chondrocytes were isolated from normal or OA tissue. Equine articular chondrocytes were isolated from young or old horses at a commercial abattoir. RNA decay was measured across the transcriptome in human cells by microarray analysis following an actinomycin D chase. Messenger RNA levels in samples were confirmed using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results Examination of total mRNA expression levels demonstrated significant differences in the expression of transcripts between normal and OA chondrocytes. Interestingly, almost no difference was observed in total mRNA expression between chondrocytes from intact OA cartilage and those from fibrillated OA cartilage. Decay analysis revealed a set of rapidly turned over transcripts associated with transcriptional control and programmed cell death that were common to all chondrocytes and contained binding sites for abundant cartilage microRNAs. Many transcripts exhibited altered mRNA half-lives in human OA chondrocytes compared to normal cells. Specific transcripts whose decay rates were altered were generally less stable in these pathologic cells. Examination of selected genes in chondrocytes from young and old healthy horses did not identify any change in mRNA turnover. Conclusion This is the first investigation into the “posttranscriptome” of the chondrocyte. It identifies a set of short-lived chondrocyte mRNAs likely to be highly responsive to altered transcriptional input as well as mRNAs whose decay rates are affected in OA chondrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Tew
- University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hdud IM, Loughna PT. Influence of 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1, 25(OH)2D3] on the expression of Sox 9 and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 5/6 ion channels in equine articular chondrocytes. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 56:33. [PMID: 26290720 PMCID: PMC4540304 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-014-0033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sox 9 is a major marker of chondrocyte differentiation. When chondrocytes are cultured in vitro they progressively de-differentiate and this is associated with a decline in Sox 9 expression. The active form of vitamin D, 1, 25 (OH)2D3 has been shown to be protective of cartilage in both humans and animals. In this study equine articular chondrocytes were grown in culture and the effects of 1, 25 (OH)2D3 upon Sox 9 expression examined. The expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) ion channels 5 and 6 in equine chondrocytes in vitro, we have previously shown, is inversely correlated with de-differentiation. The expression of these channels in response to 1, 25 (OH)2D3 administration was therefore also examined. RESULTS The active form of vitamin D (1, 25 (OH)2D3) when administered to cultured equine chondrocytes at two different concentrations significantly increased the expression of Sox 9 at both. In contrast 1, 25 (OH)2D3 had no significant effect upon the expression of either TRPV 5 or 6 at either the protein or the mRNA level. CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of Sox 9, in equine articular chondrocytes in vitro, in response to the active form of vitamin D suggests that this compound could be utilized to inhibit the progressive de-differentiation that is normally observed in these cells. It is also supportive of previous studies indicating that 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can have a protective effect upon cartilage in animals in vivo. The previously observed correlation between the degree of differentiation and the expression levels of TRPV 5/6 had suggested that these ion channels may have a direct involvement in, or be modulated by, the differentiation process in vitro. The data in the present study do not support this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M Hdud
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK ; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Paul T Loughna
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD UK ; Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fontana G, Thomas D, Collin E, Pandit A. Microgel microenvironment primes adipose-derived stem cells towards an NP cells-like phenotype. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:2012-22. [PMID: 25100329 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell therapy of the degenerated intervertebral disc is limited by the lack of appropriate cell sources, thus new strategies for the differentiation of stem cells towards a nucleus pulposus (NP)-like phenotype need investigation. In the current study, it is hypothesized that spherical niche-like structures composed of type II collagen and hyaluronan (HA) mimic the NP microenvironment and promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) towards an NP-like phenotype. ADSCs are embedded in microgels of different concentrations of collagen II/HA. Cells' response to the different environments is studied by characterizing differences in cells' viability, morphology, and gene expression. After 21 days of culture, ADSCs maintain ± 80% viability in all the conditions tested. Moreover, microgels with higher concentration of collagen are stable and maintain cells in a rounder shape. In presence of differentiation media, cells are able to differentiate in all the conditions tested, but in a more pronounced manner in the microgel with a higher concentration of collagen. By tuning microgels' properties, it is possible to influence ADSCs' phenotype and ability to differentiate. Indeed, when cultured in high concentrations of collagen, ADSCs expresses high levels of collagen II, aggrecan, SOX9, and low levels of collagen I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Fontana
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Dilip Thomas
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Estelle Collin
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Network of Excellence for Functional Biomaterials; National University of Ireland; Galway Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Diaz-Romero J, Quintin A, Schoenholzer E, Pauli C, Despont A, Zumstein MA, Kohl S, Nesic D. S100A1 and S100B Expression Patterns Identify Differentiation Status of Human Articular Chondrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1106-17. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Diaz-Romero
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Aurelie Quintin
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Eric Schoenholzer
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Chantal Pauli
- Institute of Surgical Pathology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alain Despont
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Matthias A. Zumstein
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sandro Kohl
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Dobrila Nesic
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yao Y, He Y, Guan Q, Wu Q. A tetracycline expression system in combination with Sox9 for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2013; 35:1898-906. [PMID: 24321708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage tissue engineering using controllable transcriptional therapy together with synthetic biopolymer scaffolds shows higher potential for overcoming chondrocyte degradation and constructing artificial cartilages both in vivo and in vitro. Here, the potential regulating tetracycline expression (Tet-on) system was used to express Sox9 both in vivo and in vitro. Chondrocyte degradation was measured in vitro and overcome by Soxf9 expression. Experiments confirmed the feasibility of the combined use of Sox9 and Tet-on system in cartilage tissue engineering. Engineered poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) scaffolds were seeded with recombinant chondrocytes which were transfected with Tet-induced Sox9 expression; the scaffolds were implanted under the skin of 8-week-old rats. The experimental group was injected with Dox in the abdomen, while the control group was injected with normal saline. After 4 or 8 days of implantation in vivo, the newly formed pieces of articular chondrocytes were taken out and measured. Dox injection in vivo showed positive effect on recombinant chondrocytes, in which Sox9 expression was up-regulated by an inducible system with specific matrix proteins. The results demonstrate this controllable transcriptional therapy is a potential approach for tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- MOE Key Lab. Bioinformatics, Center for Epigentics and Chromatin, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu He
- MOE Key Lab. Bioinformatics, Center for Epigentics and Chromatin, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qian Guan
- MOE Key Lab. Bioinformatics, Center for Epigentics and Chromatin, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- MOE Key Lab. Bioinformatics, Center for Epigentics and Chromatin, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Parathyroid hormone-related protein is induced by hypoxia and promotes expression of the differentiated phenotype of human articular chondrocytes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 125:461-70. [PMID: 23662774 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PTHrP (parathyroid hormone-related protein) is crucial for normal cartilage development and long bone growth and acts to delay chondrocyte hypertrophy and terminal differentiation in the growth plate. After growth plate closure adult HACs (human articular chondrocytes) still produce PTHrP, suggesting a possible role for this factor in the permanent articular cartilage. However, the expression regulation and function of PTHrP in the permanent articular cartilage is unknown. Human articular cartilage is an avascular tissue and functions in a hypoxic environment. The resident chondrocytes have adapted to hypoxia and use it to drive their tissue-specific functions. In the present study, we explored directly in normal articular chondrocytes isolated from a range of human donors the effect of hypoxia on PTHrP expression and whether PTHrP can regulate the expression of the permanent articular chondrocyte phenotype. We show that in HACs PTHrP is up-regulated by hypoxia in a HIF (hypoxia-inducible factor)-1α and HIF-2α-dependent manner. Using recombinant PTHrP, siRNA-mediated depletion of endogenous PTHrP and by blocking signalling through its receptor [PTHR1 (PTHrP receptor 1)], we show that hypoxia-induced PTHrP is a positive regulator of the key cartilage transcription factor SOX9 [SRY (sex determining region on the Y chromosome)-box 9], leading to increased COL2A1 (collagen type II, α1) expression. Our findings thus identify PTHrP as a potential factor for cartilage repair therapies through its ability to promote the differentiated HAC phenotype.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zheng J, Wu C, Ma W, Zhang Y, Hou T, Xu H, Wu S, Yao X, Guo X. Abnormal expression of chondroitin sulphate N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 and Hapln-1 in cartilage with Kashin-Beck disease and primary osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2013; 37:2051-9. [PMID: 23748413 PMCID: PMC3779571 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-013-1937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is an endemic degenerative osteoarthritis associated with extracellular matrix degradation. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the role of targeting genes in the pathogenesis of KBD and primary osteoarthritis (OA) involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Methods Agilent 44 K human whole-genome oligonucleotide microarrays were used to detect the gene expression in KBD and OA cartilage. The mRNA and protein expressions of CSGalNAcT-1 and Hapln-1 in chondrocytes were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot, and their expression in cartilage were verified with immunocytochemical analysis. Meanwhile, CSGalNAcT-1 and Hapln-1 protein levels in the selenium intervention group of KBD with different concentrations (0.25, 0.1and 0.05 μg/ml) were detected by western blot. Results CSGalNAcT-1 and Hapln-1 were down-regulated in KBD and OA at both mRNA and protein levels, and were increased in Se(Selenium) groups compared to KBD free-Se group. However, Wnt 3a, β-catenin and Runx-2 were up-regulated in OA and KBD at protein levels. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining showed that CSGalNAcT-1 and Hapln-1 were reduced in all zones of KBD and OA articular cartilage, but not significantly reduced in the up zone of OA articular cartilage. Conclusions The CSGalNAcT-1 and Hapln-1 were down-regulated in both KBD and OA cartilage. CSGalNAcT-1 may be involved in the damage of articular cartilage of KBD and OA by regulating Hapln-1 in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. It was indicated that CSGalNAcT-1 and Hapln-1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of KBD and OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zheng
- Faculty of Public Health, Medicine College of Xi'an Jiaotong University; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Trace elements and Endemic Diseases, Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Rosenzweig DH, Ou SJ, Quinn TM. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase promotes dedifferentiation of primary articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 17:508-17. [PMID: 23480786 PMCID: PMC3822651 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage is an avascular tissue with poor regenerative capacity following injury, a contributing factor to joint degenerative disease. Cell-based therapies for cartilage tissue regeneration have rapidly advanced; however, expansion of autologous chondrocytes in vitro using standard methods causes 'dedifferentiation' into fibroblastic cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling is crucial for chondrocyte metabolism and matrix production, and changes in MAPK signals can affect the phenotype of cultured cells. We investigated the effects of inhibition of MAPK signalling on chondrocyte dedifferentiation during monolayer culture. Blockade of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling caused a significant increase in cartilage gene expression, however, also caused up-regulation of fibrotic gene expression. Inhibition of p38 MAPK (p38) caused a significant up-regulation of collagen type II while suppressing collagen type I expression. P38 inhibition also resulted in consistently more organized secretion of collagen type II protein deposits on cell culture surfaces. Follow-on pellet culture of treated cells revealed that MAPK inhibition reduced cell migration from the pellet. ERK and JNK inhibition caused more collagen type I accumulation in pellets versus controls while p38 inhibition strongly promoted collagen type II accumulation with no effect on collagen type I. Blockade of all three MAPKs caused increased GAG content in pellets. These results indicate a role for MAPK signalling in chondrocyte phenotype loss during monolayer culture, with a strong contribution from p38 signalling. Thus, blockade of p38 enhances chondrocyte phenotype in monolayer culture and may promote more efficient cartilage tissue regeneration for cell-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derek H Rosenzweig
- Soft Tissue Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu DG, Ding HF, Mao YQ, Liu M, Yu B, Zhao X, Wang XQ, Li Y, Liu GW, Nie SB, Liu S, Zhu ZA. Strontium ranelate reduces cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling in rat osteoarthritis model. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:393-402. [PMID: 23334238 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether strontium ranelate (SR), a new antiosteoporotic agent, could attenuate cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Medial meniscal tear (MMT) operation was performed in adult SD rats to induce OA. SR (625 or 1800 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1)) was administered via gavage for 3 or 6 weeks. After the animals were sacrificed, articular cartilage degeneration was evaluated using toluidine blue O staining, SOX9 immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay. The changes in microarchitecture indices and tissue mineral density (TMD), chemical composition (mineral-to-collagen ratio), and intrinsic mechanical properties of the subchondral bones were measured using micro-CT scanning, confocal Raman microspectroscopy and nanoindentation testing, respectively. RESULTS The high-dose SR significantly attenuated cartilage matrix and chondrocyte loss at 6 weeks, and decreased chondrocyte apoptosis, improved the expression of SOX9, a critical transcription factor responsible for the expression of anabolic genes type II collagen and aggrecan, at both 3 and 6 weeks. Meanwhile, the high-dose SR also significantly attenuated the subchondral bone remodeling at both 3 and 6 weeks, as shown by the improved microarchitecture indices, TMD, mineral-to-collagen ratio and intrinsic mechanical properties. In contrast, the low-dose SR did not significantly change all the detection indices of cartilage and bone at both 3 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSION The high-dose SR treatment can reduce articular cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodeling in the rat MMT model of OA.
Collapse
|
43
|
Herlofsen SR, Bryne JC, Høiby T, Wang L, Issner R, Zhang X, Coyne MJ, Boyle P, Gu H, Meza-Zepeda LA, Collas P, Mikkelsen TS, Brinchmann JE. Genome-wide map of quantified epigenetic changes during in vitro chondrogenic differentiation of primary human mesenchymal stem cells. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:105. [PMID: 23414147 PMCID: PMC3620534 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For safe clinical application of engineered cartilage made from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), molecular mechanisms for chondrogenic differentiation must be known in detail. Changes in gene expression and extracellular matrix synthesis have been extensively studied, but the epigenomic modifications underlying these changes have not been described. To this end we performed whole-genome chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing to quantify six histone modifications, reduced representation bisulphite sequencing to quantify DNA methylation and mRNA microarrays to quantify gene expression before and after 7 days of chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs in an alginate scaffold. To add to the clinical relevance of our observations, the study is based on primary bone marrow-derived MSCs from four donors, allowing us to investigate inter-individual variations. Results We see two levels of relationship between epigenetic marking and gene expression. First, a large number of genes ontogenetically linked to MSC properties and the musculoskeletal system are epigenetically prepatterned by moderate changes in H3K4me3 and H3K9ac near transcription start sites. Most of these genes remain transcriptionally unaltered. Second, transcriptionally upregulated genes, more closely associated with chondrogenesis, are marked by H3K36me3 in gene bodies, highly increased H3K4me3 and H3K9ac on promoters and 5' end of genes, and increased H3K27ac and H3K4me1 marking in at least one enhancer region per upregulated gene. Within the 7-day time frame, changes in promoter DNA methylation do not correlate significantly with changes in gene expression. Inter-donor variability analysis shows high level of similarity between the donors for this data set. Conclusions Histone modifications, rather than DNA methylation, provide the primary epigenetic control of early differentiation of MSCs towards the chondrogenic lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Herlofsen
- Institute of Immunology and Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo 0424, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
A new era of cartilage repair using cell therapy and tissue engineering: turning current clinical limitations into new ideas. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-012-0370-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
45
|
A genome-wide association study in Han Chinese identifies new susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis. Nat Genet 2011; 44:73-7. [PMID: 22138694 DOI: 10.1038/ng.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To identify susceptibility loci for ankylosing spondylitis, we performed a two-stage genome-wide association study in Han Chinese. In the discovery stage, we analyzed 1,356,350 autosomal SNPs in 1,837 individuals with ankylosing spondylitis and 4,231 controls; in the validation stage, we analyzed 30 suggestive SNPs in an additional 2,100 affected individuals and 3,496 controls. We identified two new susceptibility loci between EDIL3 and HAPLN1 at 5q14.3 (rs4552569; P = 8.77 × 10(-10)) and within ANO6 at 12q12 (rs17095830; P = 1.63 × 10(-8)). We also confirmed previously reported associations in Europeans within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region (top SNP, rs13202464; P < 5 × 10(-324)) and at 2p15 (rs10865331; P = 1.98 × 10(-8)). We show that rs13202464 within the MHC region mainly represents the risk effect of HLA-B*27 variants (including HLA-B*2704, HLA-B*2705 and HLA-B*2715) in Chinese. The two newly discovered loci implicate genes related to bone formation and cartilage development, suggesting their potential involvement in the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Martinez-Sanchez A, Dudek KA, Murphy CL. Regulation of human chondrocyte function through direct inhibition of cartilage master regulator SOX9 by microRNA-145 (miRNA-145). J Biol Chem 2011; 287:916-24. [PMID: 22102413 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.302430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage enables weight bearing and near friction-free movement in the joints. Critical to its function is the production of a specialized, mechanocompetent extracellular matrix controlled by master regulator transcription factor SOX9. Mutations in SOX9 cause campomelic dysplasia, a haploinsufficiency disorder resulting in severe skeletal defects and dwarfism. Although much is understood about how SOX9 regulates cartilage matrix synthesis and hence joint function, how this master regulator is itself regulated remains largely unknown. Here we identify a specific microRNA, miR-145, as a direct regulator of SOX9 in normal healthy human articular chondrocytes. We show that miR-145 directly represses SOX9 expression in human cells through a unique binding site in its 3'-UTR not conserved in mice. Modulation of miR-145 induced profound changes in the human chondrocyte phenotype. Specifically, increased miR-145 levels cause greatly reduced expression of critical cartilage extracellular matrix genes (COL2A1 and aggrecan) and tissue-specific microRNAs (miR-675 and miR-140) and increased levels of the hypertrophic markers RUNX2 and MMP13, characteristic of changes occurring in osteoarthritis. We propose miR-145 as an important regulator of human chondrocyte function and a new target for cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Martinez-Sanchez
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, 65 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, United Kingdom
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Punwar S, Khan WS. Mesenchymal stem cells and articular cartilage repair: clinical studies and future direction. Open Orthop J 2011. [PMID: 21886696 DOI: 10.2174/187432500110501029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage is frequently injured but shows little capacity for repair. Current treatment options include the use of procedures that stimulate repair through the stimulation of subchondral bone marrow and result in the formation of fibrocartilage. There is considerable interest in the use of cell-based treatment strategies and there are limited studies describing the use of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair with promising early results. This paper reviews the current treatment strategies for articular cartilage, describes use of mesenchymal stem cells for articular cartilage repair along with the results of clinical studies, and describes the future direction that these strategies are likely to take.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Punwar
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Frenchay Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS16 1LE, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Punwar S, Khan WS. Mesenchymal stem cells and articular cartilage repair: clinical studies and future direction. Open Orthop J 2011; 5 Suppl 2:296-301. [PMID: 21886696 PMCID: PMC3149861 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001105010296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage is frequently injured but shows little capacity for repair. Current treatment options include the use of procedures that stimulate repair through the stimulation of subchondral bone marrow and result in the formation of fibrocartilage. There is considerable interest in the use of cell-based treatment strategies and there are limited studies describing the use of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage repair with promising early results. This paper reviews the current treatment strategies for articular cartilage, describes use of mesenchymal stem cells for articular cartilage repair along with the results of clinical studies, and describes the future direction that these strategies are likely to take.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Punwar
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Frenchay Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, BS16 1LE, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Different expression of Sox9 and Runx2 between chondrosarcoma and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma cell line. Eur J Cancer Prev 2011; 19:466-71. [PMID: 20683191 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0b013e32833d942f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS), a highly malignant variant of chondrosarcoma (CCS), is characterized by high-grade sarcoma adjacent to low-grade chondroid tumor. Owing to its complicated composition, the histogenesis of this tumor remains controversial. Earlier, we carried out DNA microarray analysis using chondrosarcomatous tissues, and found that Sox9 and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were differentially expressed in CCS compared with DDCS. Here, we analyzed Sox9, Runx2, Col2a1, and Col1a1 in NDCS-1 (DDCS) and SW1353 (CCS) cell lines using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunocytochemistry. The results showed high expression of Runx2 and Col1a1, and low expression of Sox9 and Col2a1 in NDCS-1 cells. In SW1353 cells, however, gene expressions were reversed. These findings provide evidence that Sox9 and Runx2 are involved in the occurrence and development of DDCS.
Collapse
|
50
|
Khan WS, Johnson DS, Hardingham TE. The potential of stem cells in the treatment of knee cartilage defects. Knee 2010; 17:369-74. [PMID: 20051319 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 12/06/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage is frequently damaged but only shows a limited capacity for repair. There are a number of treatment strategies currently available for the repair of articular cartilage defects including abrasion chondroplasty, subchondral drilling, microfracture and mosaicplasty but these show variable results. For the younger patients, there is great interest in the potential of cell-based strategies to provide a biological replacement of damaged cartilage using autologous chondrocytes. The results of clinical studies using these cell-based techniques do not conclusively show improvement over conventional techniques. These techniques also do not consistently result in the formation of the desired hyaline cartilage rather than fibrocartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells present a promising cell source for cartilage repair. Mesenchymal stem cells have been isolated from a number of adult tissues including the bone marrow and the synovial fat pad. These cells have the ability to proliferate in culture and differentiate down different pathways including the chondrogenic pathway. In the first instance, differentiated stem cells can be used for the repair of localised cartilage defects by producing hyaline cartilage. In the future, this strategy has the potential to be extended to treat more generalised cartilage defects, especially as the cell source is not a limiting factor. The use of cell-based therapies also allows the versatility of using scaffolds and growth factors, with recombinant proteins or gene therapy. A number of challenges however still need to be overcome including further work on identifying the optimal source of stem cells, along with refining the conditions that enhance expansion and chondrogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wasim S Khan
- UK Centre for Tissue Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|