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Yuan T, Chen S, Yin Y, Shaw J, Zeng J, Li L, Song L, Zhang Y, Yin Z, Zhao J. Novel Leflunomide Analog, UTLOH-4e, Ameliorates Gouty Arthritis Induced by Monosodium Urate Via NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:350-364. [PMID: 37078349 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230420101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gouty arthritis (GA) is a common form of inflammatory arthritis caused by intra-articular deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals; however, there is a tremendous lack of safe and effective therapy in the clinic. OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to investigate a novel leflunomide analogue, N-(2,4- dihydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-1,2-oxazole-3-carboxamide (UTLOH-4e), for its potential to prevent/ treat gouty arthritis. METHODS In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of UTLOH-4e was evaluated by MSUinduced GA model in vivo and in vitro, and the molecular docking test was applied to estimate the affinity of UTLOH-4e/UTL-5g/b for MAPKs, NF-κB, and NLRP3. RESULTS In vitro, UTLOH-4e (1~100 μM) treatment inhibited the inflammatory reaction with no obvious cytotoxicity in PMA-induced THP-1 macrophages exposed to MSU crystals for 24 h, involving the prominent decreased production and gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Western blot analyses demonstrated that UTLOH-4e (1~100 μM) significantly suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, NF-κB, and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, the data from the experiment on gouty rats induced by intra-articular injection of MSU crystal confirmed that UTLOH-4e markedly ameliorated rat paw swelling, articular synovium inflammation and reduced the concentration of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum through down-regulating NLRP3 protein expression. CONCLUSION These results manifested that UTLOH-4e ameliorates GA induced by MSU crystals, which contributes to the modulation of NF-κB/ NLRP3 signaling pathway, suggesting that UTLOH- 4e is a promising and potent drug candidate for the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmin Yuan
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shilong Chen
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Yin
- School of Clinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajiu Shaw
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- 21st Century Therapeutics, Inc., Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Jin Zeng
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610225, P.R. China
| | - Yiguan Zhang
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhujun Yin
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
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Ye Z, Wang Y, Xiang B, Wang H, Tao H, Zhang C, Zhang S, Sun D, Luo F, Song L. Roles of the Siglec family in bone and bone homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115064. [PMID: 37413904 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremendous progress has been seen in the study of the role of sialic acid binding im-munoglobulin type lectins (Siglecs) in osteoimmunology in the past two decades. Interest in Siglecs as immune checkpoints has grown from the recognition that Siglecs have relevance to human disease. Siglecs play important roles in inflammation and cancer, and play key roles in immune cell signaling. By recognizing common sialic acid containing glycans on glycoproteins and glycolipids as regulatory receptors for immune cell signals, Siglecs are expressed on most immune cells and play important roles in normal homeostasis and self-tolerance. In this review, we describe the role that the siglec family plays in bone and bone homeostasis, including the regulation of osteoclast differentiation as well as recent advances in inflammation, cancer and osteoporosis. Particular emphasis is placed on the relevant functions of Siglecs in self-tolerance and as pattern recognition receptors in immune responses, thereby potentially providing emerging strategies for the treatment of bone related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- The Fourth Corps of Students of the Basic Medical College, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yetong Wang
- The Fourth Corps of Students of the Basic Medical College, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Binqing Xiang
- Department of Surgical Anesthesia, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Army Border Defense 331st Brigade, Dandong 118000, China
| | - Haiyan Tao
- Health Management Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chengmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Wang J, Luo LZ, Liang DM, Guo C, Huang ZH, Jian XH, Wen J. Recent progress in understanding mitokines as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5416-5429. [PMID: 37637689 PMCID: PMC10450380 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i23.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide and the leading contributor to cancer-related deaths. The progression and metastasis of HCC are closely associated with altered mitochondrial metabolism, including mitochondrial stress response. Mitokines, soluble proteins produced and secreted in response to mitochondrial stress, play an essential immunomodulatory role. Immunotherapy has emerged as a crucial treatment option for HCC. However, a positive response to therapy is typically dependent on the interaction of tumor cells with immune regulation within the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, exploring the specific immunomodulatory mechanisms of mitokines in HCC is essential for improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the association between HCC and the immune microenvironment and highlights recent progress in understanding the involvement of mitochondrial function in preserving liver function. In addition, a systematic review of mitokines-mediated immunomodulation in HCC is presented. Finally, the potential diagnostic and therapeutic roles of mitokines in HCC are prospected and summarized. Recent progress in mitokine research represents a new prospect for mitochondrial therapy. Considering the potential of mitokines to regulate immune function, investigating them as a relevant molecular target holds great promise for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lan-Zhu Luo
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dao-Miao Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Huang
- Children Medical Center, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Jian
- Department of Anatomy, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
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Xu H, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zeng F, Wang W, Chen Z, Cao L, Shi J, Chen J, Zhu X, Xue Y, He R, Ji M, Hua Y. Type II collagen facilitates gouty arthritis by regulating MSU crystallisation and inflammatory cell recruitment. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:416-427. [PMID: 36109143 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-222764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that impaired cartilage is a substantial risk factor for the progression from hyperuricaemia to gout. Since the relationship between cartilage matrix protein and gout flares remains unclear, we investigated its role in monosodium urate (MSU) crystallisation and following inflammation. METHODS Briefly, we screened for cartilage matrix in synovial fluid from gouty arthritis patients with cartilage injuries. After identifying a correlation between crystals and matrix molecules, we conducted image analysis and classification of crystal phenotypes according to their morphology. We then evaluated the differences between the cartilage matrix protein-MSU complex and the pure MSU crystal in their interaction with immune cells and identified the related signalling pathway. RESULTS Type II collagen (CII) was found to be enriched around MSU crystals in synovial fluid after cartilage injury. Imaging analysis revealed that CII regulated the morphology of single crystals and the alignment of crystal bows in the co-crystalline system, leading to greater phagocytosis and oxidative stress in macrophages. Furthermore, CII upregulated MSU-induced chemokine and proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages, thereby promoting the recruitment of leucocytes. Mechanistically, CII enhanced MSU-mediated inflammation by activating the integrin β1(ITGB1)-dependent TLR2/4-NF-κB signal pathway. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that the release of CII and protein-crystal adsorption modifies the crystal profile and promotes the early immune response in MSU-mediated inflammation. These findings open up a new path for understanding the relationship between cartilage injuries and the early immune response in gout flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanLin Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhen Zeng
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shi
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xue
- Department of Rheumatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - MinBiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Human Phenome Institute, Academy for Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Yiwu Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - YingHui Hua
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital,Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Mohammadi B, Saghafi M, Abdulsattar Faraj T, Kamal Kheder R, Sajid Abdulabbas H, Esmaeili SA. The role of tolerogenic dendritic cells in systematic lupus erythematosus progression and remission. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109601. [PMID: 36571919 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease reflecting an imbalance between effector and regulatory immune responses. Dendritic cells (DC) are a link between innate and adaptive immunity. Inflammatory DCs (inflDC) can initiate and trigger lymphocyte responses in SLE with over-expression of surface molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokine, including Interferon (IFN) α, Interleukin (IL) 1α, IL-1β, and IL-6, resulting in the overreaction of T helper cells (Th), and B cells immune responses. On the opposite side, tolerogenic DCs (tolDC) express inhibitory interacting surface molecules and repressive mediators, such as IL-10, Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO), which can maintain self-tolerance in SLE by induction of regulatory T cells (Treg), T cells deletion and anergy. Hence, tolDCs can be a therapeutic candidate for patients with SLE to suppress their systematic inflammation. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies showed the efficacy of tolDCs therapy in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide a wide perspective on the effect of inflDCs in promoting inflammation and the role of tolDC in the suppression of immune cells' overreaction in SLE. Furthermore, we reviewed the finding of clinical trials and experimental studies related to autoimmune diseases, particularly SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Mohammadi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Saghafi
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tola Abdulsattar Faraj
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania 46012, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Hadi Sajid Abdulabbas
- Continuous Education Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Psoriatic arthritis: review of potential biomarkers predicting response to TNF inhibitors. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:77-87. [PMID: 36508130 PMCID: PMC9957889 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic and painful inflammatory immune-mediated disease. It affects up to 40% of people with psoriasis and it is associated with several comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension. PsA is difficult to diagnose because of its diverse symptoms, namely axial and peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, skin changes, and nail dystrophy. Different drugs exist to treat the inflammation and pain. When patients do not respond to conventional drugs, they are treated with biologic drugs. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi's) are commonly given as the first biologic drug; beside being expensive, they also lack efficacy in 50% of patients. A biomarker predicting individual patient's response to TNFi would help treating them earlier with an appropriate biologic drug. This study aimed to review the literature to identify potential biomarkers that should be investigated for their predictive ability. Several such biomarkers were identified, namely transmembrane TNFα (tmTNF), human serum albumin (HSA) and its half-life receptor, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) which is also involved in IgG lifespan; calprotectin, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) whose overexpression lead to excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; lymphotoxin α (LTα) which induces inflammation by binding to TNF receptor (TNFR); and T helper 17 (Th17) cells which induce inflammation by IL-17A secretion.
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Srimadh Bhagavatham SK, Pulukool SK, Pradhan SS, R S, Ashok Naik A, V M DD, Sivaramakrishnan V. Systems biology approach delineates critical pathways associated with disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-22. [PMID: 36047508 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease leading to inflammation, cartilage cell death, synoviocyte proliferation, and increased and impaired differentiation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts leading to joint erosions and deformities. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics datasets were analyzed to identify the critical pathways that drive the RA pathophysiology. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RA were analyzed for the functional implications, clinical outcomes, and blood parameters later validated by literature. SNPs associated with RA were grouped into pathways that drive the immune response and cytokine production. Further gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed on gene expression omnibus (GEO) data sets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), synovial macrophages, and synovial biopsies from RA patients showed enrichment of Th1, Th2, Th17 differentiation, viral and bacterial infections, metabolic signalling and immunological pathways with potential implications for RA. The proteomics data analysis presented pathways with genes involved in immunological signaling and metabolic pathways, including vitamin B12 and folate metabolism. Metabolomics datasets analysis showed significant pathways like amino-acyl tRNA biosynthesis, metabolism of amino acids (arginine, alanine aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan), and nucleotide metabolism. Furthermore, our commonality analysis of multi-omics datasets identified common pathways with potential implications for joint remodeling in RA. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologics treatments were found to modulate many of the pathways that were deregulated in RA. Overall, our analysis identified molecular signatures associated with the observed symptoms, joint erosions, potential biomarkers, and therapeutic targets in RA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujith Kumar Pulukool
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Saiswaroop R
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Naik
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Datta Darshan V M
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, A.P., India
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Srimadh Bhagavatham SK, Potikuri D, Sivaramakrishnan V. Adenosine deaminase and cytokines associated with infectious diseases as risk factors for inflammatory arthritis and methotrexate as a potential prophylactic agent. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Li C, Qu W, Yang X. Comprehensive lncRNA and mRNA profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from ankylosing spondylitis patients by RNA-sequencing analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e27477. [PMID: 35089186 PMCID: PMC8797511 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the comprehensive expression profiles of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).The peripheral blood samples were collected from 6 AS patients and 6 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs), and separated for peripheral blood mononuclear cells, followed by RNA-sequencing. Further bioinformatics analyses were performed to explore the significantly enriched biological processes, signaling pathways of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) (based on cis-target and trans-target genes) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs).Principal component analysis plots indicated that both lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles could distinguish AS patients from HCs; heatmap diagram exhibited a relatively good consistency and tendency of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in AS patients and HCs, respectively; volcano plots exhibited 114 upregulated and 45 downregulated DElncRNAs, 284 upregulated and 435 downregulated DEmRNAs in AS patients compared with HCs; Gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that DElncRNAs (based on cis-target and trans-target genes) and DEmRNAs were enriched in molecular functions (including DNA binding, protein binding, etc) and biological process (including immune response, inflammatory response, etc); Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that these DElncRNAs (based on cis-target and trans-target genes) and DEmRNAs were enriched in immune and inflammation-related signaling, such as B cell receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, etc.Our study displays the comprehensive expression profiles and functions of lncRNAs involved in AS, which provides reference for further researches discovering candidate lncRNAs with value in assisting early AS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Wa Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, P.R. China
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Association of TLR 9 gene polymorphisms with remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving TNF-α inhibitors and development of machine learning models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20169. [PMID: 34635730 PMCID: PMC8505487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99625-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR9 are known to play important roles in the immune system, and several studies have shown their association with the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). However, studies that investigate the association between TLR4 or TLR9 gene polymorphisms and remission of the disease in RA patients taking TNF-α inhibitors have yet to be conducted. In this context, this study was designed to investigate the effects of polymorphisms in TLR4 and TLR9 on response to TNF-α inhibitors and to train various models using machine learning approaches to predict remission. A total of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between genetic polymorphisms and response to treatment. Various machine learning methods were utilized for prediction of remission. After adjusting for covariates, the rate of remission of T-allele carriers of TLR9 rs352139 was about 5 times that of the CC-genotype carriers (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.325-19.231, p = 0.018). Among machine learning algorithms, multivariate logistic regression and elastic net showed the best prediction with the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUROC) value of 0.71 (95% CI 0.597-0.823 for both models). This study showed an association between a TLR9 polymorphism (rs352139) and treatment response in RA patients receiving TNF-α inhibitors. Moreover, this study utilized various machine learning methods for prediction, among which the elastic net provided the best model for remission prediction.
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Ferreira-Gomes J, Garcia MM, Nascimento D, Almeida L, Quesada E, Castro-Lopes JM, Pascual D, Goicoechea C, Neto FL. TLR4 Antagonism Reduces Movement-Induced Nociception and ATF-3 Expression in Experimental Osteoarthritis. J Pain Res 2021; 14:2615-2627. [PMID: 34466029 PMCID: PMC8403032 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s317877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a pattern recognition receptor involved in the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), but also a "danger-sensing" receptor that recognizes host-derived endogenous molecules called damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The involvement of TLR4 in rheumatic diseases is becoming evident, as well as its potential role as a target for therapeutic intervention. Moreover, increasing evidence also suggests that TLR4 is implicated in chronic pain states. Thus, in this study, we evaluated whether a systemic administration of a synthetic antagonist of TLR4 (TLR4-A1) could decrease nociception and cartilage degradation in experimental osteoarthritis (OA). Furthermore, as the activation transcription factor (ATF)-3 serves as a negative regulator for TLR4-stimulated inflammatory response, we also evaluated the effect of TLR4 inhibition on ATF-3 expression in primary afferent neurons at the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Methods OA was induced in adult male Wistar rats through an intra-articular injection of 2 mg of sodium mono-iodoacetate (MIA) into the left knee. From days 14 to 28 after OA induction, animals received an intraperitoneal injection of either TLR4-A1 (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. Movement- and loading-induced nociception was evaluated in all animals, by the Knee-Bend and CatWalk tests, before and at several time-points after TLR4-A1/vehicle administration. Immunofluorescence for TLR4 and ATF-3 was performed in L3-L5 DRG. Knee joints were processed for histopathological evaluation. Results Administration of TLR4-A1 markedly reduced movement-induced nociception in OA animals, particularly in the Knee-Bend test. Moreover, the increase of ATF-3 expression observed in DRG of OA animals was significantly reduced by TLR4-A1. However, no effect was observed in cartilage loss nor in the neuronal cytoplasmic expression of TLR4 upon antagonist administration. Conclusion The TLR4 antagonist administration possibly interrupts the TLR4 signalling cascade, thus decreasing the neurotoxic environment at the joint, which leads to a reduction in ATF-3 expression and in nociception associated with experimental OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira-Gomes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Garcia
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Madrid, Spain.,High Performance Experimental Pharmacology research group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Diana Nascimento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lígia Almeida
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ernesto Quesada
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José Manuel Castro-Lopes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - David Pascual
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Madrid, Spain.,High Performance Experimental Pharmacology research group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) CSIC-URJC, Madrid, Spain.,High Performance Experimental Pharmacology research group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Alcorcón, Spain.,Grupo de Excelencia Investigadora URJC-Banco de Santander-Grupo multidisciplinar de investigación y tratamiento del dolor (i+DOL), Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Fani Lourença Neto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Schneider AH, Machado CC, Veras FP, Maganin AGDM, de Souza FFL, Barroso LC, de Oliveira RDR, Alves-Filho JC, Cunha TM, Fukada SY, Louzada-Júnior P, da Silva TA, Cunha FQ. Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate joint hyperalgesia induced by immune inflammation. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3461-3473. [PMID: 33367912 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the genesis of joint hyperalgesia using an experimental model of arthritis and transpose the findings to clinical investigation. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were subjected to antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) and treated with Pulmozyme (PLZ) to degrade NETs or Cl-amidine to inhibit NET production. Oedema formation, the histopathological score and mechanical hyperalgesia were evaluated. NETs were injected intra-articularly in wild type (WT), Tlr4-/-, Tlr9-/-, Tnfr1-/- and Il1r-/- mice, and the levels of cytokines and Cox2 expression were quantified. NETs were also quantified from human neutrophils isolated from RA patients and individual controls. RESULTS AIA mice had increased NET concentration in joints, accompanied by increased Padi4 gene expression in the joint cells. Treatment of AIA mice with a peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 inhibitor or with PLZ inhibited the joint hyperalgesia. Moreover, the injection of NETs into joints of naïve animals generated a dose-dependent reduction of mechanical threshold, an increase of articular oedema, inflammatory cytokine production and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. In mice deficient for Tnfr1, Il1r, Tlr4 and Tlr9, joint hyperalgesia induced by NETs was prevented. Last, we found that neutrophils from RA patients were more likely to release NETs, and the increase in synovial fluid NET concentration correlated with an increase in joint pain. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that NETs cause hyperalgesia possibly through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 and TLR-9. These data support the idea that NETs contribute to articular pain, and this pathway can be an alternative target for the treatment of pain in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
| | - Caio Cavalcante Machado
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - Flávio Protásio Veras
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
| | | | - Flávio Falcão Lima de Souza
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - Lívia Corrêa Barroso
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - Renê Donizeti Ribeiro de Oliveira
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Bio Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo
| | - Paulo Louzada-Júnior
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Medicine, Clinical Immunology Division, Medicine Faculty of Ribeirão Preto
| | - Tarcília Aparecida da Silva
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, CRID.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School
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13
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Mormile I, Rossi FW, Prevete N, Granata F, Pucino V, de Paulis A. The N-Formyl Peptide Receptors and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Dangerous Liaison or Confusing Relationship? Front Immunol 2021; 12:685214. [PMID: 34220836 PMCID: PMC8253054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by a progressive symmetric inflammation of the joints resulting in bone erosion and cartilage destruction with a progressive loss of function and joint deformity. An increased number of findings support the role of innate immunity in RA: many innate immune mechanisms are responsible for producing several cytokines and chemokines involved in RA pathogenesis, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in modulating the activity of the innate arm of the immune response. We focused our attention over the years on the expression and functions of a specific class of PRR, namely formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), which exert a key function in both sustaining and resolving the inflammatory response, depending on the context and/or the agonist. We performed a broad review of the data available in the literature on the role of FPRs and their ligands in RA. Furthermore, we queried a publicly available database collecting data from 90 RA patients with different clinic features to evaluate the possible association between FPRs and clinic-pathologic parameters of RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Mormile
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Wanda Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Pucino
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), World Allergy Organization (WAO) Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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14
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Lambert C, Zappia J, Sanchez C, Florin A, Dubuc JE, Henrotin Y. The Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) as Potential Targets to Treat Osteoarthritis: Perspectives From a Review of the Literature. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:607186. [PMID: 33537330 PMCID: PMC7847938 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.607186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the osteoarthritis (OA) process, activation of immune systems, whether innate or adaptive, is strongly associated with low-grade systemic inflammation. This process is initiated and driven in the synovial membrane, especially by synovium cells, themselves previously activated by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released during cartilage degradation. These fragments exert their biological activities through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that, as a consequence, induce the activation of signaling pathways and beyond the release of inflammatory mediators, the latter contributing to the vicious cycle between cartilage and synovial membrane. The primary endpoint of this review is to provide the reader with an overview of these many molecules categorized as DAMPs and the contribution of the latter to the pathophysiology of OA. We will also discuss the different strategies to control their effects. We are convinced that a better understanding of DAMPs, their receptors, and associated pathological mechanisms represents a decisive issue for degenerative joint diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Lambert
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Zappia
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christelle Sanchez
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Florin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Emile Dubuc
- Orthopaedic Department, University Clinics St. Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yves Henrotin
- MusculoSKeletal Innovative Research Lab, University of Liège, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
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15
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Li R, Zhang P, Hu Z, Yi Y, Chen L, Zhang H, Li H, Liu W, Wu M. Efficacy and safety of pricking-blood therapy for acute gouty arthritis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23521. [PMID: 33327298 PMCID: PMC7738122 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute gouty arthritis is a joint inflammatory reaction that affects the daily quality of patients. Previous reviews of pricking-blood therapy for acute gouty arthritis have been growing, but a systematic review is not available. This study aimed to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of pricking-blood therapy in treating acute gout arthritis. METHODS We will search for relevant literature through Chinese and English databases, with the retrieval deadline being December 2020. Databases include PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database. We will also manually search Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Acupuncture Research, Chinese Clinical Trial Register, and unpublished studies or references. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the literature will be screened, and the data are extracted independently by the 2 researchers. The primary outcomes were the total effective rate and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. RevMan 5.3.5. software will be used for statistical analysis. According to the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE), each evidence of outcome quality will be appraised. RESULTS This study will provide a comprehensive review of current evidence for a pricking-blood therapy treatment for acute gouty arthritis. CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety of picking-blood therapy in treating acute gout arthritis will be evaluated. UNIQUE INPLASY NUMBER INPLASY2020100094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renliang Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ping Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ziyi Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Ying Yi
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Lisha Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hengyi Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hong Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Wanting Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Mengwen Wu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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16
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Garcia MM, Goicoechea C, Molina-Álvarez M, Pascual D. Toll-like receptor 4: A promising crossroads in the diagnosis and treatment of several pathologies. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 874:172975. [PMID: 32017939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in a wide variety of cells and is the central component of the mammalian innate immune system. Since its discovery in 1997, TLR4 has been assigned an ever-increasing number of functions that extend from pathogen recognition to tissue damage identification and promotion of the intrinsic "damage repair response" in pain, intestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders. Precisely, the finding of conserved sequence homology among species along with the molecular and functional characterisation of the TLR4 gene enabled researchers to envisage a common operating system in the activation of innate immunity and the initiation of plastic changes at the onset of chronic pain. Malfunctioning in other conditions was conceived in parallel. In this respect, "pivot" proteins and pathway redundancy are not just evolutionary leftovers but essential for normal functioning or cell survival. Indeed, at present, TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and their association with certain dysfunctions and diseases are being confirmed in different pools of patients. However, despite its ability to trigger pathogen infection or alternatively tissue injury communications to immune system, TLR4 targeting might not be considered a panacea. This review article represents a compilation of what we know about TLR4 from clinics and basic research on the 20th anniversary of its discovery. Understanding how to fine-tune the interaction between TLR4 and its specific ligands may lead in the next decades to the development of promising new treatments, reducing polypharmacy and probably having an impact on drug use in numerous pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Garcia
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda, Atenas S/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda, Atenas S/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Miguel Molina-Álvarez
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda, Atenas S/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - David Pascual
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda, Atenas S/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain.
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17
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Xiao N, Qu J, He S, Huang P, Qiao Y, Li G, Pan T, Sui H, Zhang L. Exploring the Therapeutic Composition and Mechanism of Jiang-Suan-Chu-Bi Recipe on Gouty Arthritis Using an Integrated Approach Based on Chemical Profile, Network Pharmacology and Experimental Support Using Molecular Cell Biology. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1626. [PMID: 32082152 PMCID: PMC7005212 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gouty arthritis is a common metabolic disease caused by long-term purine metabolic disorder and elevated serum uric acid. Jiang-Suan-Chu-Bi recipe (JSCBR), a traditional Chinese herbal formula prescribed according to utilization frequency and cluster analysis, has been clinically validated remedy for gouty arthritis. However, its therapeutic composition and mechanism remains unclear. Methods In the present study, a simple, rapid, and sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS)-based chemical profiling was firstly established for comprehensively identifying the major constituents in JSCBR. A phytochemistry-based network pharmacology analysis was further performed to explore the potential therapeutic targets and pathways involved in JSCBR bioactivity. Finally, THP-1 cell model was used to verify the prediction results of network pharmacology by western blot analysis. Results A total of 139 compounds containing phenolic acids, flavonoids, triterpenoid saponins, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids, anthraquinones, terpenes, coumarins, and other miscellaneous compounds were identified, respectively. 175 disease genes, 51 potential target nodes, 80 compounds, and 11 related pathways based on network pharmacology analysis were achieved. Among these pathways and genes, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway may play an important role in the curative effect of JSCBR on gouty arthritis by regulation of NRLP3/ASC/CASP1/IL1B. The results of cellular and molecular experiments showed that JSCBR can effectively reduce the protein expression of ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, and NRLP3 in monosodium urate-induced THP-1 cells, which indicated that JSCBR mediated inflammation in gouty arthritis by inhibiting the activation of NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion Thus, the integrated approaches adopted in the present study could contribute to simplifying the complex system and providing directions for further research of JSCBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xiao
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shiyong He
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanling Qiao
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Taowen Pan
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hua Sui
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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18
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Emami J, Ansarypour Z. Receptor targeting drug delivery strategies and prospects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Res Pharm Sci 2019; 14:471-487. [PMID: 32038727 PMCID: PMC6937749 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.272534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease, is characterized by cartilage damage, bone tissue destruction, morphological changes in synovial fluids, and synovial joint inflammation. The inflamed synovial tissue has potential for passive and active targeting because of enhanced permeability and retention effect and the existence of RA synovial macrophages and fibroblasts that selectively express surface receptors such as folate receptor β, CD44 and integrin αVβ. Although there are numerous interventions in RA treatment, they are not safe and effective. Therefore, it is important to develop new drug or drug delivery systems that specifically targets inflamed/swollen joints but attenuates other possible damages to healthy tissues. Recently some receptors such as toll-like receptors (TLRs), the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors, and Fc-γ receptor have been identified in synovial tissue and immune cells that are involved in induction or suppression of arthritis. Analysis of the TLR pathway has moreover suggested new insights into the pathogenesis of RA. In the present paper, we have reviewed drug delivery strategies based on receptor targeting with novel ligand-anchored carriers exploiting CD44, folate and integrin αVβ as well as TLRs expressed on synovial monocytes and macrophages and antigen presenting cells, for possible active targeting in RA. TLRs could not only open a new horizon for developing new drugs but also their antagonists or humanized monoclonal antibodies that block TLRS specially TLR4 and TLR9 signaling could be used as targeting agents to antigen presenting cells and dendritic cells. As a conclusion, common conventional receptors and multifunctional ligands that arte involved in targeting receptors or developing nanocarriers with appropriate ligands for TLRs can provide profoundly targeting drug delivery systems for the effective treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Emami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
| | - Zahra Ansarypour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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19
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Ramisch A, Heinrich V, Glaser LV, Fuchs A, Yang X, Benner P, Schöpflin R, Li N, Kinkley S, Römer-Hillmann A, Longinotto J, Heyne S, Czepukojc B, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK, Cadenas C, Arrigoni L, Gasparoni N, Manke T, Pap T, Pospisilik JA, Hengstler J, Walter J, Meijsing SH, Chung HR, Vingron M. CRUP: a comprehensive framework to predict condition-specific regulatory units. Genome Biol 2019; 20:227. [PMID: 31699133 PMCID: PMC6839171 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the software Condition-specific Regulatory Units Prediction (CRUP) to infer from epigenetic marks a list of regulatory units consisting of dynamically changing enhancers with their target genes. The workflow consists of a novel pre-trained enhancer predictor that can be reliably applied across cell types and species, solely based on histone modification ChIP-seq data. Enhancers are subsequently assigned to different conditions and correlated with gene expression to derive regulatory units. We thoroughly test and then apply CRUP to a rheumatoid arthritis model, identifying enhancer-gene pairs comprising known disease genes as well as new candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ramisch
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Verena Heinrich
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Laura V Glaser
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Alisa Fuchs
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Computational Epigenomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Computational Epigenomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Philipp Benner
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Robert Schöpflin
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Na Li
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Computational Epigenomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Sarah Kinkley
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Computational Epigenomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Anja Römer-Hillmann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - John Longinotto
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, 78108, Germany
| | - Steffen Heyne
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, 78108, Germany
| | - Beate Czepukojc
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, 66041, Germany
| | - Sonja M Kessler
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, 66041, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology for Natural Science, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, 66041, Germany
| | - Cristina Cadenas
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung (ifADo), Dortmund, 44139, Germany
| | - Laura Arrigoni
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, 78108, Germany
| | - Nina Gasparoni
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Thomas Manke
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, 78108, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany
| | - John A Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, 78108, Germany
| | - Jan Hengstler
- Leibniz-Institut für Arbeitsforschung (ifADo), Dortmund, 44139, Germany
| | - Jörn Walter
- Department of Genetics, University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, 66123, Germany
| | - Sebastiaan H Meijsing
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Ho-Ryun Chung
- Otto-Warburg-Laboratory, Computational Epigenomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Martin Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
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20
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Ulgen E, Ozisik O, Sezerman OU. pathfindR: An R Package for Comprehensive Identification of Enriched Pathways in Omics Data Through Active Subnetworks. Front Genet 2019; 10:858. [PMID: 31608109 PMCID: PMC6773876 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathway analysis is often the first choice for studying the mechanisms underlying a phenotype. However, conventional methods for pathway analysis do not take into account complex protein-protein interaction information, resulting in incomplete conclusions. Previously, numerous approaches that utilize protein-protein interaction information to enhance pathway analysis yielded superior results compared to conventional methods. Hereby, we present pathfindR, another approach exploiting protein-protein interaction information and the first R package for active-subnetwork-oriented pathway enrichment analyses for class comparison omics experiments. Using the list of genes obtained from an omics experiment comparing two groups of samples, pathfindR identifies active subnetworks in a protein-protein interaction network. It then performs pathway enrichment analyses on these identified subnetworks. To further reduce the complexity, it provides functionality for clustering the resulting pathways. Moreover, through a scoring function, the overall activity of each pathway in each sample can be estimated. We illustrate the capabilities of our pathway analysis method on three gene expression datasets and compare our results with those obtained from three popular pathway analysis tools. The results demonstrate that literature-supported disease-related pathways ranked higher in our approach compared to the others. Moreover, pathfindR identified additional pathways relevant to the conditions that were not identified by other tools, including pathways named after the conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege Ulgen
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Ozisik
- Department of Computer Engineering, Electrical & Electronics Faculty, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Ugur Sezerman
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Enhanced neutrophil autophagy and increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:119-128. [PMID: 30312880 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a high morbidity and disability disease with numerous inflammatory cells infiltrating in interstitial of articular cartilages and bones. As the most abundant inflammatory cells, neutrophil has been reported that their apoptosis changed gradually in the circumstance of RA. Apoptosis, one modality of programmed cell death (PCD), is closely associated with autophagy, which indicates neutrophil autophagy may also alter in RA. Flow cytometry, western blotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscope and multiplex antibody microarray were used to comparative investigate the status of neutrophil autophagy in patients with RA and in vitro. The results showed that the expression of autophagy related LC3 protein was up-regulated with lower lysosomal pH in neutrophils from synovial fluid of RA and changed under stimulation of CQ and small RNA interferences (siRNAs) Atg5 transfection, which proved in acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell lines, predominantly a neutrophilic promyelocyte, treated by plasma and synovial fluid from RA. We further found out the concentration of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and MCP-1 was higher in their synovial fluid which may mediate neutrophil autophagy in RA via cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and IL-17 signaling pathway. Our results indicate that neutrophil autophagy may be a novel perspective to understand the pathology which may provide a new maker to diagnose RA and IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1 specific antagonists and neutrophil autophagy target inhibitors may improve the therapeutic effect of RA someday.
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22
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Zhang QB, Qing YF, He YL, Xie WG, Zhou JG. Association of NLRP3 polymorphisms with susceptibility to primary gouty arthritis in a Chinese Han population. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 37:235-244. [PMID: 29214547 PMCID: PMC5754462 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3-interleukin1β (IL1β) signaling pathway is involved in monosodium urate (MSU)-mediated inflammation. The aim of this present study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NLRP3 gene are associated with susceptibility to gouty arthritis (GA) and whether these SNPs alter the expression of components of the NLRP3-IL1β signaling pathway. The rs10754558, rs4612666, and rs1539019 SNPs were detected in 583 patients with GA and 459 healthy subjects. NLRP3 and IL1β mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and serum IL1β levels were measured in different genotype carriers, and correlations between the NLRP3 SNPs and NLRP3 mRNA, IL1β mRNA, and serum IL1β levels were investigated. The GG genotype of NLRP3 rs10754558 was found to be significantly associated with patients with GA compared to the healthy control subjects via multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusted OR = 2.68, P = 0.006). The CGA haplotypes were independently associated with patients with GA compared to the healthy control subjects (adjusted OR = 1.968, P = 0.02). The levels of NLRP3 mRNA, IL1β mRNA, and serum IL1β in the patients with GA were significantly different among the three genotypes of rs10754558 (all P < 0.01). The GG genotype of rs10754558 and the CGA haplotype of rs4612666-C, rs10754558-G, and rs1539019-A are both independent risk factors for primary GA development. The rs10754558 polymorphism might participate in regulating immune and inflammation responses in patients with GA by influencing the expression of components of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Future multicenter studies aimed at replicating these findings in an independent population as well as functional tests will aid in further defining the role of these SNPs in the development of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan-Bo Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
| | - Yu-Feng Qing
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China.,Institute of Rheumatology of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
| | - Yong-Long He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China.,Institute of Rheumatology of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
| | - Wen-Guang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China.,Institute of Rheumatology of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, China
| | - Jing-Guo Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China.
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23
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Pan W, Hao WT, Xu HW, Qin SP, Li XY, Liu XM, Sun FF, Li H, Tang RX, Zheng KY. Polyene Phosphatidylcholine inhibited the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated macrophages and ameliorated the adjuvant-induced rat arthritis. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4206-4216. [PMID: 28979694 PMCID: PMC5622263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Polyene Phosphatidylcholine (PPC), a clinical drug that is used to treat hepatopathy, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and on bovine collagen II-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. In stimulated primary and Raw264.7 macrophages by LPS, PPC significantly down-regulated the relative expression of mRNA such as IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-2, TLR-4, MyD88, and NF-κB while up-regulated IL-10 and TGF-β expression. Moreover, the concentration of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and TGF-β in the cultured supernatants showed the similar tendency with their mRNA alterations. In addition, PPC could significantly inhibit the LPS-induced expression of MyD88 and NF-κB p65 in both mRNA and protein levels. These results suggest that PPC could down-regulate the LPS-stimulated inflammation in macrophages through TLR-2/TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in vitro. Furthermore, to explore its effects in vivo, PPC was administrated to CIA rats. In comparison to CIA group, PPC-treated rats showed decreased arthritis score and osteopenia. Besides, PPC exhibited its ability to alleviate the degree of synovial hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and destruction of cartilage and bone, thus remarkably improving the condition of CIA rats. In short, this study demonstrated that PPC had the potential to be an anti-inflammatory drug to treat inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-wen Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Su-Ping Qin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fen-Fen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ren-Xian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kui-Yang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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24
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NLRC5 promotes cell proliferation via regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway in Rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Immunol 2017; 91:24-34. [PMID: 28865311 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease and the pathogenesis remains unclear. Previous studies suggested that fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play an important role in RA pathogenesis, including the injury of cartilage, the hyperplasia of the synovium and the release of inflammatory cytokines. We used complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced rats as animal models for studying the RA pathogenesis. NLRC5 as the largest member of the NLR family has been reported to play a critical role in regulating immune responses. Increasing evidence suggests that NLRC5 is an pivotal negative modulator of inflammatory pathways. We investigated the mechanisms and signaling pathways of NLRC5 in RA progression. Significantly increased expression of NLRC5 was found in AA rats synovial tissues and cells. And high expression of inflammatory cytokine and cell proliferation of FLSs accompanied with NLRC5 overexpression, but inhibited in cells with NLRC5 silencing treatment. Interestingly, we found that overexpression of NLRC5 also coordinated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggested that NLRC5 promotes RA progression via the NF-κB signaling pathway potentially.
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25
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Brown BR, Lee EJ, Snow PE, Vance EE, Iwakura Y, Ohno N, Miura N, Lin X, Brown GD, Wells CA, Smith JR, Caspi RR, Rosenzweig HL. Fungal-derived cues promote ocular autoimmunity through a Dectin-2/Card9-mediated mechanism. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 190:293-303. [PMID: 28763100 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis (intraocular inflammation) is a leading cause of loss of vision. Although its aetiology is largely speculative, it is thought to arise from complex genetic-environmental interactions that break immune tolerance to generate eye-specific autoreactive T cells. Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), induced by immunization with the ocular antigen, interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP), in combination with mycobacteria-containing complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), has many clinical and histopathological features of human posterior uveitis. Studies in EAU have focused on defining pathogenic CD4+ T cell effector responses, such as those of T helper type 17 (Th17) cells, but the innate receptor pathways precipitating development of autoreactive, eye-specific T cells remain poorly defined. In this study, we found that fungal-derived antigens possess autoimmune uveitis-promoting function akin to CFA in conventional EAU. The capacity of commensal fungi such as Candida albicans or Saccharomyces cerevisae to promote IRBP-triggered EAU was mediated by Card9. Because Card9 is an essential signalling molecule of a subgroup of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) important in host defence, we evaluated further the proximal Card9-activating CLRs. Using single receptor-deficient mice we identified Dectin-2, but not Mincle or Dectin-1, as a predominant mediator of fungal-promoted uveitis. Conversely, Dectin-2 activation by α-mannan reproduced the uveitic phenotype of EAU sufficiently, in a process mediated by the Card9-coupled signalling axis and interleukin (IL)-17 production. Taken together, this report relates the potential of the Dectin-2/Card9-coupled pathway in ocular autoimmunity. Not only does it contribute to understanding of how innate immune receptors orchestrate T cell-mediated autoimmunity, it also reveals a previously unappreciated ability of fungal-derived signals to promote autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Brown
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - E J Lee
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P E Snow
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
| | - E E Vance
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Y Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Ohno
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Miura
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - X Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G D Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - C A Wells
- The University of Melbourne Centre for Stem Cell Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J R Smith
- Eye and Vision Health, Flinders University School of Medicine, Adelaide, Australia
| | - R R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - H L Rosenzweig
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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26
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Gu H, Jiao Y, Yu X, Li X, Wang W, Ding L, Liu L. Resveratrol inhibits the IL-1β-induced expression of MMP-13 and IL-6 in human articular chondrocytes via TLR4/MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling cascades. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:734-740. [PMID: 28204817 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural polyphenolic compound, resveratrol, has been shown to exhibit anti-osteoarthritic activity. Therefore it is hypothesized that resveratrol may serve as a nutritional supplement to counteract osteoarthritis (OA). However, the mechanisms responsible for these anti-osteoarthritic effects have not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine whether the biological effects of resveratrol against interleukin (IL)-1β‑induced inflammation in human articular chondrocytes involved both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. Human articular chondrocytes derived from patients with OA were stimulated with IL-1β, and then co-treated with resveratrol. Cell viability was subsequently evaluated by MTS assays, and the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and the pro-inflammatory factor, IL-6, were detected in culture supernatants using ELISA. The mRNA and protein levels of downstream mediators of TLR4/MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways were also assayed by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Our results revealed that resveratrol prevented the IL-1β-induced reduction in cell viability. Furthermore, stimulation of the chondrocytes with IL-1β resulted in a significant upregulation of TLR4 and downstream targets of both TLR4/MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways that are associated with the synthesis of MMP-13 and IL-6. Correspondingly, IL-1β-induced catabolic and inflammatory responses were effectively reversed by resveratrol. Taken together, these data suggest that resveratrol exerted protective effects against matrix degradation and inflammation in OA-affected chondrocytes by inhibiting both TLR4/MyD88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. Thus, resveratrol represents a potential treatment for OA and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yongliang Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Xingyao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, P.R. China
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27
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Características clínicas e frequência de polimorfismos em TLR4 em pacientes brasileiros com espondilite anquilosante. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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28
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Machado NP, Nogueira E, Oseki K, Ebbing PCC, Origassa CST, Mohovic T, Câmara NOS, Pinheiro MDM. Clinical characteristics and frequency of TLR4 polymorphisms in Brazilian patients with ankylosing spondylitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 56:432-440. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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29
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Yu X, Feng L, Han Z, Wu B, Wang S, Xiao Y, Li F, Zhang L, Cao B, Di X, Lu D, Li X, Jiang W, Zhang K, Cheng S. Crosstalk of dynamic functional modules in lung development of rhesus macaques. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1342-9. [PMID: 26923754 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00881f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung development follows a complex series of dynamic histogenic events that depend on the fluctuation of gene expression, and the disruption of gene regulation could lead to devastating consequences, such as diseases in adulthood. In order to investigate the mechanism of lung development, we performed RNA sequencing by Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 to measure mRNA expression in lung tissues of nine rhesus macaques spanning from foetuses at gestation of 45 days to postnatal at 7 days. This development period was divided into three developmental stages, including the early stage (45-100 gestational days), the middle stage (137-163 gestational days) and the late stage (after birth at 4-7 days). Firstly, we identified stage-specific genes, based on which we found that the principle biological processes of the early stage were mainly associated with internal growth signalling, while the middle and late stage-specific genes controlled the external stress signalling. Then, we constructed a stage-specific protein-protein interaction (PPI) subnetwork, extracted dynamic modules, and identified crosstalk between modules. Moreover, we found four active pathways that could mediate the crosstalk, including the Notch signalling pathway, cell cycle, NOD-like receptor signalling pathway, and Toll-like receptor signalling pathway. These pathways not only played crucial roles in lung development, but also were implicated in lung diseases. Finally, some important bridgers, such as PSEN2, HSP90AA1 and CASP8, were discovered to explain the potential mechanism of crosstalk. Therefore, our study presents the landscape of gene expression of lung development of rhesus macaques, and provides an extended insight into the lung development mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexin Yu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, 194 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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30
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Innovative Target Therapies Are Able to Block the Inflammation Associated with Dysfunction of the Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17:ijms17010047. [PMID: 26729102 PMCID: PMC4730292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol pathway is an essential biochemical process aimed at the synthesis of bioactive molecules involved in multiple crucial cellular functions. The end products of this pathway are sterols, such as cholesterol, which are essential components of cell membranes, precursors of steroid hormones, bile acids and other molecules such as ubiquinone. Several diseases are caused by defects in this metabolic pathway: the most severe forms of which cause neurological involvement (psychomotor retardation and cerebellar ataxia) as a result of a variety of cellular impairments, including mitochondrial dysfunction. These pathologies are induced by convergent mechanisms in which the mitochondrial unit plays a pivotal role contributing to defective apoptosis, autophagy and mitophagy processes. Unraveling these mechanisms would contribute to the development of effective drug treatments for these disorders. In addition, the development of biochemical models could have a substantial impact on the understanding of the mechanism of action of drugs that act on this pathway in multifactor disorders. In this review we will focus in particular on inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis, mitochondria-targeted drugs and inhibitors of the inflammasome.
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31
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Gallo J, Raska M, Konttinen YT, Nich C, Goodman SB. Innate immunity sensors participating in pathophysiology of joint diseases: a brief overview. J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2015; 24:297-317. [PMID: 25747032 DOI: 10.1615/jlongtermeffmedimplants.2014010825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system consists of functionally specialized "modules" that are activated in response to a particular set of stimuli via sensors located on the surface or inside the tissue cells. These cells screen tissues for a wide range of exogenous and endogenous danger/damage-induced signals with the aim to reject or tolerate them and maintain tissue integrity. In this line of thinking, inflammation evolved as an adaptive tool for restoring tissue homeostasis. A number of diseases are mediated by a maladaptation of the innate immune response, perpetuating chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Here, we review recent evidence on the cross talk between innate immune sensors and development of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and aseptic loosening of total joint replacements. In relation to the latter topic, there is a growing body of evidence that aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis results from long-term maladaptation of periprosthetic tissues to the presence of by-products continuously released from an artificial joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc 775 20, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yrjo T Konttinen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki and ORTON Orthopaedic Hospital of the Invalid Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christophe Nich
- Laboratoire de Biomecanique et Biomateriaux Osteo-Articulaires - UMR CNRS 7052, Faculte de Medecine - Universite Paris 7, Paris, France; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, European Teaching Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Stanford University Medical Center Redwood City, CA
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32
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Loyau J, Malinge P, Daubeuf B, Shang L, Elson G, Kosco-Vilbois M, Fischer N, Rousseau F. Maximizing the potency of an anti-TLR4 monoclonal antibody by exploiting proximity to Fcγ receptors. MAbs 2015; 6:1621-30. [PMID: 25484053 PMCID: PMC4622919 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.975098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to treat Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated diseases, we generated a potent antagonistic antibody directed against human TLR4, Hu 15C1. This antibody's potency can be modulated by engaging not only TLR4 but also Fcγ receptors (FcγR), a mechanism that is driven by avidity and not cell signaling. Here, using various formats of the antibody, we further dissect the relative contributions of the Fv and Fc portions of Hu 15C1, discovering that the relationship to potency of the different antibody arms is not linear. First, as could be anticipated, we observed that Hu 15C1 co-engages up to 3 receptors on the same plasma membrane, i.e., 2 TLR4 molecules (via its variable regions) and either FcγRI or FcγRIIA (via the Fc). The Kd of these interactions are in the nM range (3 nM of the Fv for TLR4 and 47 nM of the Fc for FcγRI). However, unexpectedly, neutralization experiments revealed that, due to the low level of cell surface TLR4 expression, the avidity afforded by engagement through 2 Fv arms was significantly limited. In contrast, the antibody's neutralization capacity increases by 3 logs when able to exploit Fc-FcγR interactions. Taken together, these results demonstrate an unforeseen level of contribution by FcγRs to an antibody's effectiveness when targeting a cell surface protein of relatively low abundance. These findings highlight an exploitable mechanism by which FcγR-bearing cells may be more powerfully targeted, envisioned to be broadly applicable to other reagents aimed at neutralizing cell surface targets on cells co-expressing FcγRs.
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Key Words
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern
- Fc gamma receptors
- Fc, fragment crystallizable
- FcγR, Fc gamma receptor
- Fv, fragment variable
- IL, interleukin
- IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin
- Ig, immunoglobulin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TLR4
- affinity maturation
- antibody
- avidity
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
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Loyau J, Didelot G, Malinge P, Ravn U, Magistrelli G, Depoisier JF, Pontini G, Poitevin Y, Kosco-Vilbois M, Fischer N, Thore S, Rousseau F. Robust Antibody-Antigen Complexes Prediction Generated by Combining Sequence Analyses, Mutagenesis, In Vitro Evolution, X-ray Crystallography and In Silico Docking. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2647-62. [PMID: 26013163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hu 15C1 is a potent anti-human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) neutralizing antibody. To better understand the molecular basis of its biological activity, we used a multidisciplinary approach to generate an accurate model of the Hu 15C1-TLR4 complex. By combining site-directed mutagenesis, in vitro antibody evolution, affinity measurements and X-ray crystallography of Fab fragments, we identified key interactions across the Hu 15C1-TLR4 interface. These contact points were used as restraints to predict the structure of the Fab region of Hu 15C1 bound to TLR4 using computational molecular docking. This model was further evaluated and validated by additional site-directed mutagenesis studies. The predicted structure of the Hu 15C1-TLR4 complex indicates that the antibody antagonizes the receptor dimerization necessary for its activation. This study exemplifies how iterative cycles of antibody engineering can facilitate the discovery of components of antibody-target interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Loyau
- Novimmune SA, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Didelot
- Novimmune SA, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Malinge
- Novimmune SA, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Ulla Ravn
- Novimmune SA, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Yves Poitevin
- Novimmune SA, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Fischer
- Novimmune SA, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Thore
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François Rousseau
- Novimmune SA, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland.
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Mullen LM, Chamberlain G, Sacre S. Pattern recognition receptors as potential therapeutic targets in inflammatory rheumatic disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:122. [PMID: 25975607 PMCID: PMC4432834 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system are part of the first line of defence against pathogens. However, they also have the ability to respond to danger signals that are frequently elevated during tissue damage and at sites of inflammation. Inadvertent activation of pattern recognition receptors has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of many conditions including inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Prolonged inflammation most often results in pain and damage to tissues. In particular, the Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain-like receptors that form inflammasomes have been postulated as key contributors to the inflammation observed in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout and systemic lupus erythematosus. As such, there is increasing interest in targeting these receptors for therapeutic treatment in the clinic. Here the role of pattern recognition receptors in the pathogenesis of these diseases is discussed, with an update on the development of interventions to modulate the activity of these potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Mullen
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK.
| | | | - Sandra Sacre
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9RY, UK.
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Bao S, Cao Y, Zhou H, Sun X, Shan Z, Teng W. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activity via 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2811-2819. [PMID: 25732404 DOI: 10.1021/jf505531w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related insulin resistance is associated with chronic systemic low-grade inflammation, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) regulates inflammation. We investigated the pathways involved in epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) modulation of insulin and TLR4 signaling in adipocytes. Inflammation was induced in adipocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). An antibody against the 67 kDa laminin receptor (67LR, to which EGCG exclusively binds) was used to examine the effect of EGCG on TLR4 signaling, and a TLR4/MD-2 antibody was used to inhibit TLR4 activity and to determine the insulin sensitivity of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We found that EGCG dose-dependently inhibited LPS stimulation of adipocyte inflammation by reducing inflammatory mediator and cytokine levels (IKKβ, p-NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6). Pretreatment with the 67LR antibody prevented EGCG inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, decreased glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4) expression, and inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. TLR4 inhibition attenuated inflammatory cytokine levels and increased glucose uptake by reversing GLUT4 levels. These data suggest that EGCG suppresses TLR4 signaling in LPS-stimulated adipocytes via 67LR and attenuates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake associated with decreased GLUT4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqing Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haicheng Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
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Cytokine-modulating strategies and newer cytokine targets for arthritis therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:887-906. [PMID: 25561237 PMCID: PMC4307281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are the key mediators of inflammation in the course of autoimmune arthritis and other immune-mediated diseases. Uncontrolled production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-17 can promote autoimmune pathology, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4, IL-10, and IL-27 can help control inflammation and tissue damage. The pro-inflammatory cytokines are the prime targets of the strategies to control rheumatoid arthritis (RA). For example, the neutralization of TNFα, either by engineered anti-cytokine antibodies or by soluble cytokine receptors as decoys, has proven successful in the treatment of RA. The activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines can also be downregulated either by using specific siRNA to inhibit the expression of a particular cytokine or by using small molecule inhibitors of cytokine signaling. Furthermore, the use of anti-inflammatory cytokines or cytokine antagonists delivered via gene therapy has proven to be an effective approach to regulate autoimmunity. Unexpectedly, under certain conditions, TNFα, IFN-γ, and few other cytokines can display anti-inflammatory activities. Increasing awareness of this phenomenon might help develop appropriate regimens to harness or avoid this effect. Furthermore, the relatively newer cytokines such as IL-32, IL-34 and IL-35 are being investigated for their potential role in the pathogenesis and treatment of arthritis.
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Nasi S, Ea HK, Chobaz V, van Lent P, Lioté F, So A, Busso N. Dispensable role of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and MyD88-dependent toll-like receptors (TLRs) in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2014; 81:320-4. [PMID: 24703622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of cell-membrane expressed TLRs and the signaling molecule MyD88 in a murine model of OA induced by knee menisectomy (surgical partial removal of the medial meniscus [MNX]). METHODS OA was induced in 8-10weeks old C57Bl/6 wild-type (WT) female (n=7) mice and in knockout (KO) TLR-1 (n=7), -2 (n=8), -4 (n=9) -6 (n=5), MyD88 (n=8) mice by medial menisectomy, using the sham-operated contralateral knee as a control. Cartilage destruction and synovial inflammation were evaluated by knee joint histology using the OARSI scoring method. Apoptotic chondrocytes and cartilage metabolism (collagen II synthesis and MMP-mediated aggrecan degradation) were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Operated knees exhibited OA features at 8weeks post-surgery compared to sham-operated ones. In menisectomized TLR-1, -2, -4, and -6 deficient mice, cartilage lesions, synovial inflammation and cartilage metabolism were similar to that in operated WT mice. Accordingly, using the same approach, we found no significant protection in MyD88-deficient mice in terms of OA progression as compared to WT littermates. CONCLUSIONS Deficiency of TLRs or their signalling molecule MyD88 did not impact on the severity of experimental OA. Our results demonstrate that MyD88-dependent TLRs are not involved in this murine OA model. Moreover, the dispensable role of MyD88, which is also an adaptor for IL-1 receptor signaling, suggests that IL-1 is not a key mediator in the development of OA. This latter hypothesis is strengthened by the lack of efficiency of IL-1β antagonist in the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nasi
- DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hang-Korng Ea
- INSERM, UMR-S 606, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot (UFR de Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Chobaz
- DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Frédéric Lioté
- INSERM, UMR-S 606, Hospital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France; University Paris Diderot (UFR de Médecine), Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75205 Paris, France
| | - Alexander So
- DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Busso
- DAL, Service of Rheumatology, Laboratory of Rheumatology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, Nestlé 05-5029, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Frommer KW, Schäffler A, Rehart S, Lehr A, Müller-Ladner U, Neumann E. Free fatty acids: potential proinflammatory mediators in rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:303-10. [PMID: 24285492 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Due to their role in inflammatory metabolic diseases, we hypothesised that free fatty acids (FFA) are also involved in inflammatory joint diseases. To test this hypothesis, we analysed the effect of FFA on synovial fibroblasts (SF), human chondrocytes and endothelial cells. We also investigated whether the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which can contribute to driving arthritis, is involved in FFA signalling. METHODS Rheumatoid arthritis SF, osteoarthritis SF, psoriatic arthritis SF, human chondrocytes and endothelial cells were stimulated in vitro with different FFA. Immunoassays were used to quantify FFA-induced protein secretion. TLR4 signalling was inhibited extracellularly and intracellularly. Fatty acid translocase (CD36), responsible for transporting long-chain FFA into the cell, was also inhibited. RESULTS In rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF), FFA dose-dependently enhanced the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6, the chemokines IL-8 and MCP-1, as well as the matrix-degrading enzymes pro-MMP1 and MMP3. The intensity of the response was mainly dependent on the patient rather than on the type of disease. Both saturated and unsaturated FFA showed similar effects on RASF, while responses to the different FFA varied for human chondrocytes and endothelial cells. Extracellular and intracellular TLR4 inhibition as well as fatty acid transport inhibition blocked the palmitic acid-induced IL-6 secretion of RASF. CONCLUSIONS The data show that FFA are not only metabolic substrates but may also directly contribute to articular inflammation and degradation in inflammatory joint diseases. Moreover, the data suggest that, in RASF, FFA exert their effects via TLR4 and require extracellular and intracellular access to the TLR4 receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus W Frommer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Rehart
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Markus Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Angela Lehr
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Markus Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulf Müller-Ladner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Elena Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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Activation of NOD2/RIPK2 pathway induces mitochondrial injury to oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vitro and CNS demyelination in vivo. J Neuroimmunol 2013; 265:51-60. [PMID: 24169446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We examined the activation of innate immune pathway mediated by nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) in oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). We show that activation of NOD2 by ligand peptidoglycan (PGN) leads to the recruitment and phosphorylation of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIPK2). Phosphorylation of RIPK2 is followed by phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), increase in NOS activity and subsequent accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) mediated N-tyrosinylated compounds in OPCs. The reversal of NOS activity by the nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), but not by the iNOS inhibitor L-canavanine, supported the conclusion that the increased NOS activity was due to the selective activation of nNOS in OPCs. In addition, NO mediated injury to OPC was reflected in reduction in activity of respiratory enzymes such as complex I and IV, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and release of cytochrome-C from mitochondria. Furthermore, intracerebral injection of PGN into corpus callosum (CC) of rats led to the development of demyelination, which appeared as early as by day 3 post-injection, and involved the trunk of the CC by day 14. Accumulation of N-tyrosinylated proteins was seen in oligodendrocytes in regions of the CC which were in close proximity to the injection site. Taken together, these results suggest that PGN induced formation of NO, mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of N-tyrosinylated proteins in oligodendrocytes are likely mediators of central nervous system demyelination.
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Abe Y, Kamachi F, Kawamoto T, Makino F, Ito J, Kojima Y, Moustapha AEDH, Usui Y, Yagita H, Takasaki Y, Okumura K, Akiba H. TIM-4 has dual function in the induction and effector phases of murine arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4562-72. [PMID: 24068667 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
T cell Ig and mucin domain (TIM)-4 is involved in immune regulation. However, the pathological function of TIM-4 has not been understood and remains to be clarified in various disease models. In this study, DBA/1 mice were treated with anti-TIM-4 mAb during the induction or effector phase of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Anti-TIM-4 treatment in the induction phase exacerbated the development of CIA. In vitro experiments suggest that CD4 T cells bind to TIM-4 on APCs, which induces inhibitory effect to CD4 T cells. In contrast, therapeutic treatment with anti-TIM-4 mAb just before or after the onset or even at later stage of CIA significantly suppressed the development and progression by reducing proinflammatory cytokines in the ankle joints without affecting T or B cell responses. Consistently, clinical arthritis scores of collagen Ab-induced arthritis, which is not mediated by T or B cells, were significantly reduced in anti-TIM-4-treated mice with a concomitant decrease of proinflammatory cytokines in the joints. In vitro, macrophages secreted proinflammatory cytokines in response to TIM-4-Ig protein and LPS, which were reduced by the anti-TIM-4 mAb. The anti-TIM-4 mAb also inhibited the differentiation and bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts. These results indicate that TIM-4 has two distinct functions depending on the stage of arthritis. The therapeutic effect of anti-TIM-4 mAb on arthritis is mediated by the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine production by inflammatory cells, osteoclast differentiation, and bone resorption, suggesting that TIM-4 might be an appropriate target for the therapeutic treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Abe
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Changes in toll-like receptor (TLR)4–NFκB–IL1β signaling in male gout patients might be involved in the pathogenesis of primary gouty arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2013; 34:213-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vitamin D deficiency impacts on expression of toll-like receptor-2 and cytokine profile: a pilot study. J Transl Med 2013; 11:176. [PMID: 23875738 PMCID: PMC3733619 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is believed to play an important role outside the endocrine system in the regulation of the immune system, and in cellular proliferation and differentiation. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of vitamin D levels on innate immunity. Methods Participants for this prospective, longitudinal study were recruited amongst otherwise healthy staff of a large hospital in Victoria, Australia. Those fulfilling the inclusion criteria, including a vitamin D level of <50 nmol/L, were supplemented. Using flow cytometry, expression of the innate immune receptors TLR2, TLR4 and CD86 was measured on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) collected prior to vitamin D treatment and then at 1 and 3 months. Additonally, PBMCs at each timepoint were stimulated with specific TLR ligands and resultant supernatants were assayed for the cytokines TNFα, IL-6, IFN-α and IP-10. Results In participants whose vitamin D level was >100 nmol/L post supplementation (n=11), TLR2 expression on PBMCs increased significantly, with no change noted in TLR4 or CD86 expression. Stimulation of vitamin D deficient samples with TLR ligands produced a number of proinflammatory cytokines, which were significantly reduced upon vitamin D normalisation. In patients whose levels returned to a deficient level at 3 months despite ongoing low-level supplementation, an increase in the pro-inflamamtory state returned. This suggests that vitamin D may play an important role in ensuring an appropriate baseline pro-inflammatory state. Conclusions This ex-vivo pilot study adds clinical evidence supporting a possibly important role for vitamin D in innate immunity. If confirmed, this unique clinical study has potentially significant implications for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions, where achieving optimal vitamin D levels may help reduce inflammation.
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Lakschevitz FS, Aboodi GM, Glogauer M. Oral neutrophil transcriptome changes result in a pro-survival phenotype in periodontal diseases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68983. [PMID: 23874838 PMCID: PMC3708893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal diseases are inflammatory processes that occur following the influx of neutrophils into the periodontal tissues in response to the subgingival bacterial biofilm. Current literature suggests that while neutrophils are protective and prevent bacterial infections, they also appear to contribute to damage of the periodontal tissues. In the present study we compare the gene expression profile changes in neutrophils as they migrate from the circulation into the oral tissues in patients with chronic periodontits and matched healthy subjects. We hypothesized that oral neutrophils in periodontal disease patients will display a disease specific transcriptome that differs from the oral neutrophil of healthy subjects. Methods Venous blood and oral rinse samples were obtained from healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients for neutrophil isolation. mRNA was isolated from the neutrophils, and gene expression microarray analysis was completed. Results were confirmed for specific genes of interest by qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis. Results and Discussion Chronic periodontitis patients presented with increased recruitment of neutrophils to the oral cavity. Gene expression analysis revealed differences in the expression levels of genes from several biological pathways. Using hierarchical clustering analysis, we found that the apoptosis network was significantly altered in patients with chronic inflammation in the oral cavity, with up-regulation of pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family and down-regulation of pro-apoptosis members in the same compartment. Additional functional analysis confirmed that the percentages of viable neutrophils are significantly increased in the oral cavity of chronic periodontitis patients. Conclusions Oral neutrophils from patients with periodontal disease displayed an altered transcriptome following migration into the oral tissues. This resulted in a pro-survival neutrophil phenotype in chronic periodontitis patients when compared with healthy subjects, resulting in a longer-lived neutrophil. This is likely to impact the severity and length of the inflammatory response in this oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia S Lakschevitz
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Kirchner M, Sonnenschein A, Schoofs S, Schmidtke P, Umlauf VN, Mannhardt-Laakmann W. Surface expression and genotypes of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013; 11:9. [PMID: 23497095 PMCID: PMC3626865 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic arthritis is a common feature of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was subsequently discovered that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are able to upregulate cytokine production in response to endogenous ligands released after tissue damage, suggesting that TLRs can maintain an inflammatory response even in absence of pathogen. Thus, TLRs may contribute to increased inflammation in JIA and SLE patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLRs in JIA and SLE. We examined the in vivo expression and polymorphisms of TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral monocytes of patients with JIA and SLE during active and inactive disease phases. METHODS This single center cohort study consisted of JIA and SLE affected children and control subjects. TLR2 and TLR4 protein expression on CD14+ monocytes was examined by flow cytometry. TLR2 and TLR4 genotypes were determined using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (RFLP-PCR). RESULTS A significant reduction in the level of TLR4 expression (p ≤ 0.001) was observed on monocytes of patients with JIA and SLE compared with that of healthy control subjects. There was no correlation between the TLR2 or TLR4 genotypes and the observed differential TLR protein expression on monocytes. CONCLUSIONS To conclude, our observations suggest involvement of investigated TLRs in the pathogenesis of JIA and SLE. It still remains to be elucidated whether reduced TLR4 expression is cause of chronic arthritis or a result of some feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kirchner
- University Hospital of Mainz, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, D-55131, Germany.
| | - Anja Sonnenschein
- University Hospital of Mainz, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, D-55131, Germany
| | - Simon Schoofs
- University Hospital of Mainz, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, D-55131, Germany
| | - Peter Schmidtke
- University Hospital of Mainz, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, D-55131, Germany
| | - Volker N Umlauf
- University Hospital of Aachen, Department of Pediatrics, Pauwelstrasse 30, Aachen, D-52070, Germany
| | - Wilma Mannhardt-Laakmann
- University Hospital of Mainz, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, D-55131, Germany
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Kim HS, Chung DH. TLR4-mediated IL-12 production enhances IFN-γ and IL-1β production, which inhibits TGF-β production and promotes antibody-induced joint inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R210. [PMID: 23036692 PMCID: PMC3580522 DOI: 10.1186/ar4048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 promotes joint inflammation in mice. Despite that several studies report a functional link between TLR4 and interleukin-(IL-)1β in arthritis, TLR4-mediated regulation of the complicated cytokine network in arthritis is poorly understood. To address this, we investigated the mechanisms by which TLR4 regulates the cytokine network in antibody-induced arthritis. Methods To induce arthritis, we injected mice with K/BxN serum. TLR4-mediated pathogenesis in antibody-induced arthritis was explored by measuring joint inflammation, cytokine levels and histological alteration. Results Compared to wild type (WT) mice, TLR4-/- mice showed attenuated arthritis and low interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-12p35 and IL-1β transcript levels in the joints, but high transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhanced arthritis and exaggerated joint cytokine alterations in WT, but not TLR4-/- or IL-12p35-/- mice. Moreover, STAT4 phosphorylation in joint cells and intracellular IL-12p35 expression in macrophages, mast cells and Gr-1+ cells were detected in WT mice with arthritis and enhanced by LPS injection. Therefore, IL-12p35 appears to act downstream of TLR4 in antibody-induced arthritis. TLR4-mediated IL-12 production enhanced IFN-γ and IL-1β production via T-bet and pro-IL-1β production. Recombinant IL-12, IFN-γ and IL-1β administration restored arthritis, but reduced joint TGF-β levels in TLR4-/- mice. Moreover, a TGF-β blockade restored arthritis in TLR4-/- mice. Adoptive transfer of TLR4-deficient macrophages and mast cells minimally altered joint inflammation and cytokine levels in macrophage- and mast cell-depleted WT mice, respectively, whereas transfer of WT macrophages or mast cells restored joint inflammation and cytokine expression. Gr-1+ cell-depleted splenocytes partially restored arthritis in TLR4-/- mice. Conclusion TLR4-mediated IL-12 production by joint macrophages, mast cells and Gr-1+ cells enhances IFN-γ and IL-1β production, which suppresses TGF-β production, thereby promoting antibody-induced arthritis.
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Butt AQ, Ahmed S, Maratha A, Miggin SM. 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3σ inhibit Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated proinflammatory cytokine induction. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:38665-79. [PMID: 22984265 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.367490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors that play a crucial role in the induction of the innate immune response against bacterial and viral infections. TLR3 has emerged as a key sensor of viral double-stranded RNA. Thus, a clearer understanding of the biological processes that modulate TLR3 signaling is essential. Limited studies have applied proteomics toward understanding the dynamics of TLR signaling. Herein, a proteomics approach identified 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3σ proteins as new members of the TLR signaling complex. Toward the functional characterization of 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3σ in TLR signaling, we have shown that both of these proteins impair TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR7/8, and TLR9 ligand-induced IL-6, TNFα, and IFN-β production. We also show that 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3σ impair TLR2-, TLR3-, TLR4-, TLR7/8-, and TLR9-mediated NF-κB and IFN-β reporter gene activity. Interestingly, although the 14-3-3 proteins inhibit poly(I:C)-mediated RANTES production, 14-3-3 proteins augment Pam(3)CSK(4), LPS, R848, and CpG-mediated production of RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) in a Mal (MyD88 adaptor-like)/MyD88-dependent manner. 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3σ also bind to the TLR adaptors and to both TRAF3 and TRAF6. Our study conclusively shows that 14-3-3ε and 14-3-3σ play a major regulatory role in balancing the host inflammatory response to viral and bacterial infections through modulation of the TLR signaling pathway. Thus, manipulation of 14-3-3 proteins may represent novel therapeutic targets for inflammatory conditions and infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Qasim Butt
- Immune Signaling Group, Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
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Tan FK, Farheen K. The potential importance of Toll-like receptors in ankylosing spondylitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 6:649-654. [PMID: 22389660 DOI: 10.2217/ijr.11.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cells involved in innate immunity scan for pathogens via extracellular and intracellular (endosomal) pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Engagement of PRRs by a specific ligand results in downstream activation of intracellular inflammatory cascades. There is emerging evidence indicating that one class of PRR, the Toll-like receptor (TLR) plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies. Since certain Gram-negative bacteria are known to act as triggers for reactive arthritis, there has been much interest in studying the role of TLRs in spondyloarthropathies. In this article, we introduce the immunology of TLRs followed by a discussion of their potential role in ankylosing spondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filemon K Tan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, 6431 Fannin, MSB 5.270, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Altered IL-10 and TNF-α production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients after Toll-like receptor 2, 4, or 9 activation. Clin Exp Med 2011; 12:153-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-011-0161-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Chen DP, Wong CK, Tam LS, Li EK, Lam CWK. Activation of human fibroblast-like synoviocytes by uric acid crystals in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Mol Immunol 2011; 8:469-78. [PMID: 21946433 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2011.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia-mediated uric acid crystal formation may cause joint inflammation and provoke the destruction of joints through the activation of inflammasome-mediated innate immune responses. However, the immunopathological effects and underlying intracellular regulatory mechanisms of uric acid crystal-mediated activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro effects of monosodium urate crystals, alone or in combination with the inflammatory cytokines tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α or interleukin (IL)-1β, on the activation of human FLS from RA patients and normal control subjects and the underlying intracellular signaling mechanisms of treatment with these crystals. Monosodium urate crystals were able to significantly increase the release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6, the chemokine CXCL8 and the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 from both normal and RA-FLS (all P<0.05). Moreover, the additive or synergistic effect on the release of IL-6, CXCL8 and MMP-1 from both normal and RA-FLS was observed following the combined treatment with monosodium urate crystals and TNF-α or IL-1β. Further experiments showed that the release of the measured inflammatory cytokine, chemokine and MMP-1 stimulated by monosodium urate crystals were differentially regulated by the intracellular activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways but not the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Our results therefore provide a new insight into the uric acid crystal-activated immunopathological mechanisms mediated by distinct intracellular signal transduction pathways leading to joint inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da P Chen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Allensworth JJ, Planck SR, Rosenbaum JT, Rosenzweig HL. Investigation of the differential potentials of TLR agonists to elicit uveitis in mice. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 90:1159-66. [PMID: 21934069 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0511249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TLRs are critical for host defense and innate immunity. Emerging evidence also supports a role for TLRs in many chronic inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory eye disease, known as uveitis. The activation of TLR4 by endotoxin induces a standard model of murine uveitis. How activation of additional TLRs influences the onset and/or severity of anterior uveitis has not been examined. We sought to elucidate the potential of TLRs (TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7/8, and TLR9) to trigger uveitis in mice. Directly stimulated iris/ciliary body explants demonstrated a marked increase in production of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IP-10/CXCL10, MCP-1, and KC with relatively little production of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-4, or RANTES. The cytokine-response profiles were comparable amongst the TLR agonists, albeit some differences were noted, such as greater IP-10 production following TLR3 activation. Intra-ocular injection of TLR agonists increased leukocyte interactions with the endothelium of the iris vasculature and resulted in chemotaxis into the iris tissue. Assessment of leukocytic responses by ivt videomicroscopy and histology revealed quantitative differences amongst responses to the TLR agonists with respect to the timing and numbers of rolling, adhering, iris-infiltrating, and aqueous humor-infiltrating cells, along with cytokine levels in vivo. Our data demonstrate the eye's responsiveness to a diverse array of microbial products, which activates TLRs, and reveal differences in relative cellular response among the various TLR agonists in vivo.
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